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    Te Report Multicylinder

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    kamaneshmurugesan

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Te Report Multicylinder

    Uploaded by

    kamaneshmurugesan
    18 views12 pages

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    te report multicylinder

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    18 views12 pages

    Te Report Multicylinder

    Uploaded by

    kamaneshmurugesan

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    You are on page 1of 12

    PSG COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

    COIMBATORE 641 004

    19M511 THERMAL ENGINEERING


    LABORATORY
    POST LAB REPORT

    CONSTANT SPEED TEST ON


    MULTI-CYLINDER DIESEL ENGINE

    UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF


    MR.D.MARTIN SURESHBABU

    SUBMITTED BY,
    KAMANESHWARAN M – 22M122

    1
    S.NO TITLE PAGE NO.

    1.1 AIM 3

    1.2 APPARATUS REQUIRED 3

    1.3 RELATED THEORY 4

    GOVERNING
    1.4 7
    EQUATIONS

    1.5 PROCEDURE 8

    1.6 TABULATION 9

    1.7 MODEL CALCULATION 10

    1.8 GRAPH 11

    1.9 INFERENCE 11

    1.10 RESULT 12

    2
    1.1 AIM:

    To conduct a constant speed test on multi cylinder diesel


    engine and to find the total fuel consumption, brake power
    and brake thermal efficiency of engine and to draw
    necessary performance graphs.

    1.2 APPARATUS REQUIRED:

    S.NO DESCRIPTION NO.OFF


    4 stroke diesel engine with eddy
    1 1
    current dynamometer (2 cylinder)
    2 Tachometer 1
    Thermometer (or) Thermocouple
    3
    (0-500⁰C)
    4 Stopwatch 1
    5 Electric spring balance 1

    3
    1.3 RELATED THEORY:

    Four Stroke Diesel Engine:

    A multi-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine with


    two cylinders is a type of internal combustion engine that
    operates on the four-stroke cycle.

    Working Principle:

    Intake Stroke: The intake valve opens, and the piston


    moves down, drawing in air. Also called suction stroke.

    Compression Stroke: The intake valve closes, and the


    piston moves up, compressing the air.

    Power Stroke: Fuel is injected into the compressed air,


    igniting it and forcing the piston down.

    Exhaust Stroke: The exhaust valve opens, and the


    piston moves up, expelling the burnt gases.

    Morse Test:

    The Morse test measures the frictional power of a multi-


    cylinder internal combustion engine by sequentially cutting
    off each cylinder and measuring the brake power of the
    remaining cylinders. This helps determine the indicated
    power and frictional losses .
    4
    Uses of Performance Test:

    Efficiency Evaluation: Assess the engine’s thermal efficiency


    and mechanical efficiency at a constant speed, helping to
    determine how effectively the engine converts fuel into useful
    work.

    Power Output Measurement: Determine the engine’s power


    output at steady operating conditions, which is crucial for
    applications requiring consistent performance, like
    generators.

    Fuel Consumption: Measure fuel consumption rates to


    assess fuel economy and operational cost, aiding in the
    optimization of fuel usage and cost management.

    Firing order:

    ●The firing order in a diesel engine is crucial for smooth


    operation and balanced performance. It dictates the
    sequence in which the engine’s cylinders fire, which helps
    distribute the power output evenly and minimizes vibrations.
    ●A correct firing order ensures that forces are applied in a
    way that balances the engine’s reciprocating masses,
    reducing stress on components and improving longevity. It

    5
    also optimizes engine efficiency and fuel consumption by
    maintaining consistent power delivery.

    ●Properly managing the firing order enhances engine


    stability, performance, and reduces noise, making it a vital
    aspect of engine design and operation.

    Friction power:

    It is the energy lost due to friction between engine


    components like pistons and crankshafts. This energy is
    dissipated as heat, reducing the engine’s overall efficiency.

    Friction power = Indicated Power – Brake Power

    Brake Power: The rotational force available at the delivery


    point, at the engine crankshaft (drive shaft) and the power
    corresponding to it. This power is interchangeably referred to
    as brake power, shaft power or delivered power.

    Brake thermal efficiency: Brake thermal efficiency is the rate


    of energy or the brake power to the input fuel energy in
    appropriate units.

    Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC):Specific Fuel


    Consumption is a measure of the fuel efficiency of an engine,
    expressed as the amount of fuel consumed per unit of power
    produced. For four-stroke diesel engines, SFC is typically
    measured in Kilograms per kilowatt-hour (kg/kWh).
    6
    Uses of Multi-Cylinder diesel engines:

    ●Multi-cylinder diesel engines are widely used due to their


    efficiency and durability.

    ■In automobiles, they power cars, trucks, and buses, offering


    excellent fuel efficiency and torque.

    ■Marine applications include powering ships and boats,


    benefiting from their robustness and reliability.

    ■In industrial settings, these engines drive generators,


    compressors, and pumps, crucial for continuous operations.
    Agricultural machinery, such as tractors and harvesters,
    relies on these engines for effective fieldwork.

    1.4 GOVERNING EQUATIONS:

    Total fuel consumption (TFC) = (X*specific gravity of


    diesel*3600)/ (T*1000) (kg/hr)

    Specific gravity of diesel = 0.8215 X = 10cc

    T = Time taken for 10cc fuel consumption (sec)

    Fuel power (FP) = (TFC* C.V OF Diesel)/3600 (kW)

    C.V of diesel = 45350 kJ/kg

    7
    Brake power (BP) = (W*N)/K (kW)

    N = speed (rpm)

    K = dynamometer constant

    W = Net load (kg)

    Specific fuel consumption (SFC) = TFC/BP (kg/kW hr)

    Brake Thermal efficiency = (B.P / F.P)*100 (%).

    1.5 PROCEDURE:

    • The engine is started without any load and cooling water


    should be supplied to the engine.
    • The speed of the engine is mentioned constant at
    1500rpm.
    • According to the brake power of the engine, maximum
    load is calculated.
    • Initially the engine is started in 40% load condition and
    the time taken for 10cc fuel consumption is noted.
    • Similar process is continued while increasing load to
    50%, 60%, 70% and 80% of the net load.
    • Then use the formula to find TFC, SFC, BP and brake
    thermal efficiency for the respective load conditions.
    • The obtained values are tabulated and plotted on the
    graph.

    8
    1.6 TABULATION:
    TRAIL TRAIL TRAIL TRAIL TRAIL
    S. UNI
    DETAILS 1 2 3 4 5
    NO TS
    (40%) (50%) (60%) (70%) (80%)

    1 Speed rpm 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500

    2 Load kg 16 20 24 28 32

    Time taken
    3 for 10cc fuel s 30.25 25.5 24.3 21.1 20
    consumption
    kg/
    4 TFC 0.984 1.168 1.225 1.411 1.489
    hr

    5 Brake Power kW 3.022 3.690 4.435 5.114 5.914

    kg/
    6 SFC kW 0.325 0.316 0.276 0.272 0.257
    hr

    7 Fuel Power kW 12.34 14.71 15.43 17.77 18.16

    Brake
    8 Thermal % 24.40 25.07 25.07 29.1 31.51
    Efficiency

    9
    1.7 MODEL CALCULATION:

    TRIAL 1:

    m = 40 kg

    Load = m*40% = 40*0.40 = 16kg

    Torque (T) = m*g*r = 16*9.81*0.12 = 19.2 Nm

    Brake power = (2πNT)/60000

    = (2π*1500*19.92)/60000 = 3.022 kW

    Total fuel consumption (TFC) = (X*specific gravity of


    diesel*3600)/ (T*1000)

    = (10*0.8215*3600)/ (30.25*1000) = 0.984 kg/hr

    Fuel power (FP) = (TFC* C.V OF Diesel)/3600

    = (0.98*45350)/3600 = 12.34 KW

    Specific fuel consumption (SFC) = TFC/ Brake power

    = 0.984/3.022

    = 0.325 kg/kW hr

    Brake Thermal Efficiency = (B.P)/ (F.P)*100%

    = (3.022/12.34)*100

    = 124.4%

    10
    1.8 GRAPH:

    1.9 INFERENCE:

    From the data showing a decrease in specific fuel


    consumption, an increase in total fuel consumption, and an
    increase in brake thermal efficiency as brake power
    increases, we can infer the followings:

    ●The decrease in specific fuel consumption indicates that the


    engine is becoming more efficient at converting fuel into
    power as the brake power increases. This means the engine
    is using less fuel to produce each unit of power.

    ●The increase in total fuel consumption suggests that the


    engine is producing more power overall. Even though it is
    more efficient, the higher power output requires more fuel.

    11
    ●The increase in brake thermal efficiency shows that the
    engine is operating closer to its optimal efficiency range. This
    means it is better at converting the energy in the fuel into
    useful mechanical work.

    1.10 RESULT:

    The constant speed test on multi cylinder diesel engine


    was conducted. The performance parameters were
    calculated and performance curves were drawn.

    Trail 1 (40%):

    SFC= 0.325 kg/kW hr

    BTE= 24.4%

    TFC= 0.984 kg/hr

    12

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