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    2.2 RISK BEHAVIOURS Sexually Transmitted Infections1 2024

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    2.2 RISK BEHAVIOURS Sexually Transmitted Infections1 2024

    Uploaded by

    nehmarymukala
    4 views23 pages

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    4 views23 pages

    2.2 RISK BEHAVIOURS Sexually Transmitted Infections1 2024

    Uploaded by

    nehmarymukala

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 23

    Sexual behaviour:

    ➢ partner and peer pressure


    ➢ looking for love
    ➢ curiosity
    ➢ exposure from the media
    ➢ lack of guidance
    ➢ lack of knowledge
    ➢ substance abuse
    Sexually Transmitted Infections

    Chlamydia Genital warts

    Gonorrhoea Genital herpes

    Herpes
    Pubic lice Scabies
    PID
    Syphilis Hepatitis B
    STI vs STD
    The difference is between an infection and a disease

     An infection occurs when the body has been invaded by micro-organisms


    such as bacteria, viruses or parasites. As these micro-organisms enter the
    body and begin multiplying, they may do so without any signs or symptoms.
     A sexually transmitted infection occurs when these micro-organisms are
    transmitted from an infected partner to an uninfected partner through
    oral, vaginal, or anal sexual activity.
     The infected partner may not be aware they are infected and are capable
    of transmitting the infection to others without even knowing it.
     A sexually transmitted disease on the other hand is a sexually acquired
    infection that has impaired normal functioning of a body part and is
    apparent by certain signs and symptoms.
     Signs and symptoms serve to alert the individual to something is wrong
    which may prompt them to seek out medical attention.
    What is an STI?
    An STI is any infection transmitted through having
    close sexual contact with an infected person.

    Often carriers are unaware

    They are caused by micro-organisms such as

    Parasites
    Bacteria
    Viruses
    Parasites- e.g. Scabies
    • these are organisms which live in or on other organisms to the
    disadvantage of the host. The image to the left shows the scabies
    mite.

    Bacteria- e.g. staph


    • is an organism consisting of one cell only with or without a
    cell wall. On the left we see the Staph virus
    which can burrow into cuts and literally eat your
    lips away.

    Viruses e.g. HIV


    Viruses are even smaller than bacteria and cannot even be seen
    under a microscope. They live within the
    cells of another organism such as a human. HIV is
    a global killing virus that we all have heard of before.
    Micro- organisms that cause
    STI’s and STI examples
    Parasites Bacteria’s Viruses

    Scabies Syphilis HIV

    Pubic lice Gonorrhoea Human Papillomavirus

    Chlamydia Herpes

    Pelvic inflammatory Hepatitis B


    disease
    Parasites – Pubic Lice
    Pubic Lice aka crabs
     Small grey and visible to naked eye

     Live in any region containing hair

     Causes small itching


    sores by sucking blood from host

    Can be cured with special shampoo


    e.g RID, Nix, and A-200
    Parasites – Scabies
     Scabies mites are very small practically invisible
    to the naked eye

     Can be found around the


    genitals, in between fingers
    and in the armpits

     Just sleeping next to an


    infected person is enough

     It can be easily cured with a


     special soap
    Bacteria - Syphilis
    ➢ Syphilis is a disease that starts with ulcers
    (sores) on the genitals.
    ➢ The infection spreads to other parts of the body, including
    the heart and brain.
    ➢ The baby can be infected if a pregnant woman has syphilis.

    ✓Can be very dangerous if not treated


    ✓ Is still very common in South Africa
    1-4 weeks 1-4 months later Years later
    Symptoms:
    ❑ An early symptom is red, painless sores, called a chancre.
    ❑ The sore can be on the penis, vagina, rectum, tongue or
    throat.
    ❑ The glands near the sore may be swollen.
    ❑ Fatigue, itching, mouth ulcer, rash on the palms and soles,
    rectal lining inflammation, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes,
    or weight loss

    Treatment: Antibiotics
    Bacteria - Gonorrhoea
    o Effects the mucous membranes of the penis, the mouth or
    anus. If left untreated, may cause infertility.
    Can have no symptoms, but people may experience:
    o Pain in the lower abdomen, pelvis, testicles, or vagina
    o Pain can occur during sexual intercourse or during urination
    o Abnormal increased vaginal discharge or discharge from
    penis
    o Also common: fever, frequent urge
    to urinate, irregular menstruation,
    pus, a burning sensation with a
    yellowish discharge when you
    urinate or sore throat
    Treatment: Antibiotics
    Bacteria – Chlamydia
    The most common STI in the world

    If left untreated Chlamydia can cause permanent damage and


    even result in cancer.

    The symptoms begin very similar to that of Gonorrhoea


    ❑ A white, cloudy and watery or greenish-yellow discharge
    from the penis OR vagina
    ❑ Pain or burning when urinating or
    ❑ Increase in the frequency of urination
    ❑ Burning and itching around the
    opening of the penis OR vagina
    ❑ Eye discharge Treatment: Antibiotics
    A bacterial infection of the female reproductive organs.
     It usually occurs when sexually transmitted bacteria spread
    from the vagina to the womb (uterus), fallopian tubes or
    ovaries.
    Common symptoms include
     Pain in the pelvis, abdomen, lower back, or vagina
     Pain can occur during sexual intercourse or during urination
     There may be vaginal discharge or vaginal odour
     Nausea or vomiting
     Whole body: chills, fatigue, or fever
     Cramping or painful menstruation

    Treatment: Antibiotics.
    Viruses- genital warts/ HPV
    ✓ Genital warts are a common sexually transmitted infection
    caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
    ✓ The characteristic symptom is a small bump on the genitals,
    very similar to regular warts on your hands

    Common symptoms: warts, itchiness around anus, itching,


    itching of vagina, or skin burning sensation

    ✓ Vaccines can protect against many


    genital-wart-causing strains of HPV.
    ✓ Genital warts can be treated with
    prescription medication applied
    directly to the warts or can be surgically removed.
    Viruses- Herpes
    Genital or Oral herpes are caused by the herpes
    simplex virus
    ❖ Itching and small sores/ blisters appear first around the
    mouth or genitals
    ❖ They form ulcers and scabs
    ❖ Pain in the penis or vagina
    ❖ After initial infection, genital herpes
    lies dormant in the body
    ❖ Symptoms can recur for yearsThere is no cure and once you

    There is NO CURE…Once you have the virus in your system


    you will always have it.
    Viruses- Hepatitis B
    Hepatitis B
    A serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus

    ❖ Starts with itchy skin, nausea, vomiting and dark


    urine.
    ❖ Later symptoms include yellowing skin and
    sometimes yellowing eyes.
    ❖ There are no signs on the genitals
    ❖ This is also spread through sexual intercourse and
    blood, just like HIV.
    Facts About Teens and STIs

     Nineteen million new STI infections occur each


    year, almost half of them among young people
    ages 15 to 24.

     10,000 teens are infected by STIs per day, one


    every eight seconds!

     One out of every four sexually active teens has


    an STI, and one in two sexually active youth will
    contract an STI by age 25.
     An estimated one in five South Africans have genital herpes infection,
    and up to 90% of them don't know it.

     Teenagers are more susceptible to STD’s than even adults.

     Teens are also more likely to develop precancerous growths as a result


    of an infection, and these growths more likely to develop into invasive
    cancer.

     40% of older adolescents surveyed, incorrectly believe that the


    contraceptive “pill” and “shot” protect against STIs and HIV.

     Some young people, including those who have had abstinence education,
    consider oral and anal sex to be abstinent behaviors and do not realize
    these behaviors present risks of STI transmission.

     Although youth are at higher risk for acquiring STIs, only 1/3 of sexually
    active teens age 15 to 17, and 1/2 of sexually active young adults ages 18
    to 24 say they have been tested for STIs.
    Rounding up
     Can you tell is someone has an STI?

     Can STI’s be cured?

     How can you protect yourself from


    getting an STI?

     What do you do if you have an STI or you


    think you may have an STI?
    How can I protect myself against an
    STI ?

     The only 100% sure way is to abstain

     Use a latex condom every time you have


    sex

     Condoms does not protect you against


    STI’s such as herpes or genital warts
    STI Cause and Symptoms Treatment
    Transmission

    Chlamydia Bacteria Watery milky discharge from the penis Antibiotics

    -Unusual discharge from the vagina

    Genital warts Virus Warts may be itchy No cure


    Bumps or growths on the genitals; testicles, penis, anus
    or labia.
    Can also appear on the vaginal walls and cervix

    Gonorrhoea Bacteria Rectal discharge Antibiotics

    -Often no symptoms

    Herpes Virus Sores on the mouth and genital area No cure

    Flu-like symptoms
    Burning when you urinate
    Tender, swollen glands in the groin
    Itching of the skin around the genitals
    Painful, watery blisters in or around the genitals, or
    wherever there is skin-to-skin contact (hips, nipples,
    anus)

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