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GOVERNMENT OF TAMIL NADU
STANDARD FOUR
TERM - III
VOLUME 2
MATHEMATICS
SCIENCE
SOCIAL SCIENCE
A publication under Free Textbook Programme of Government of Tamil Nadu
Department Of School Education

Untouchability is Inhuman and a Crime
4th_Introduction_Term 3 EM.indd 1 11/9/2019 6:27:47 PM

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Government of Tamil Nadu

First Edition - 2019
(Published under New Syllabus in

Trimester Pattern)
NOT FOR SALE
Content Creation
The wise
possess all
State Council of Educational Research

and Training
© SCERT 2019
Printing & Publishing
Tamil NaduTextbook and Educational

Services Corporation
www.textbooksonline.tn.nic.in
II

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MATHEMATICS
IV

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CONTENTS
MATHEMATICS
Page
Chapter Title Month
Number
1 GEOMETRY 1 January
2 NUMBERS 5 January
January &
3 MEASUREMENTS 18
February
4 TIME 28 February
5 MONEY 34 March
6 FRACTION 49 March & April
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On successful scan, content linked to the QR code gets listed.
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III

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GEOMETRY
UNIT-1
1.1 Iterative patterns in shapes
We see patterns in trees, rivers, mountains, shells, clouds, leaves and

more. Iteration is the repeated application of a process. Here we are
going to see how we use the shapes to form iterative patterns.
1.1.1 Able to draw circles, spirals, ovals.
In he earlier class you have learnt to draw circles.
Circle Spiral Oval

Activity
Draw the above shapes and colour it.
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Using the above shapes we are going to form iterative patterns.
EXAMPLES
Activity
Required things: Paper, Pencil, unused bottle cap,

Cellotape.
Take a sheet of paper, keep the cellotape

on it. Make two or three holes in the bottle
cap. Keep the bottle cap inside the cellotape
and insert the pencil inside the hole, hold
the cellotape firmly. Draw the spirograph
by dragging the pencil here and there inside
the cellotape. We will get the Spirograph.
Teacher Note; Teacher can elicit the student to use bangles also
instead of cellotape
Try This
Complete the patterns using the given Shapes and shade with
your own colour.
i) ii) iii)

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1.1.2 To differentiate and to compares the shapes drawn.

Students, "Prepare your own pattern of shapes using circles, spirals
and ovals. Exchange it with your friend and discuss".
Pic: 1 Pic: 2
1.1.3 To explore visual examples of repeating patterns
Do you know
Some visual examples are:
Cactus is the example for oval shaped pattern.
Shell of a Snail is the example for spiral

shaped pattern.
Bangle represents the Circle shaped Pattern.
Students see the visual examples in the surroundings like
Rangoli Spirograph
Observe the patterns in the surroundings. Fill the rangoli with colours
using your creativity. Use petals of flowers and fallen leaves from the
trees to fill the Rangoli. Children prepare your circles, ovals and spirals

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from the chart (or) colour paper (or) with threads. Colour the prepared
patterns with the same.
Exercise 1.1
1) Write the Shapes of the Patterns present in the pictures given

below
i) ii)
2) Complete the patterns given below.
i. ___ ___
ii. ___ ___
iii. ___ ___
iv. ___ ___
3) Draw Simple rangoli. Use your own Creativity to fill them.

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UNIT-2 NUMBERS
2.1 Division: (up to 4 digit number by single digit number)

2.1.1 To divide a given number by another number in
various ways.
There are many ways to divide a given number by another number. They are
(i) Equal sharing
(ii) Equal grouping
(iii) Repeated subtraction
(iv) Long division
(v) Short division
You have learnt already the type of divisions in previous class. Now we
are going to see Equal sharing and short division.
(i) Equal sharing

Priya wants to celebrate her birthday along with her Parents Raghu and
Usha. Her father bought a cake for her. She makes the cake into 18
pieces and wants to divide it equally along with her parents, each of
them got 6 pieces. At that time her friends Leela, Kala and Mala has
come with their gifts. So, she wants to share the cake with her friends
also, each of them got 3 pieces. After a few Note
minutes three of her father and mother's In division, equal sharing
leaves remainder also.
friends Mary, Rahim and Ravi has come for
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the party. Now she has decided to share the cake with them also. How
much share would all get in total ?
Priya Raghu Usha
Priya Leela Kala Mala Raghu Usha
Priya Leela Kala Mala Mary Rahim Ravi Raghu Usha
Each gets 2 pieces of cake. Thus 18 pieces of cake is shared equally

among 9 members with 2 Note
pieces each.
Superscript means placing
(vi) Short division the number in the right
Divide 670 ÷ 5 side top of the given
Here 670 is the dividend, number as small. e.g. 32,63
5 is the divisor
Here, 5(the divisor) divides 6(the first digit of the dividend)

in 1 time, with the reminder of 1, place the quotient 1, above 5 6170 )
the long division bar. Place as small superscript 1 beside 6.
Combine it with the next dividend digit to the right. Now
find out how many times the divisor divides the new two digit
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number 11. The divisor divides 11, 3 times, with the remainder
of 2, place the quotient 3 above the division line, 2 as the
5 6 17 2 0 )
superscript beside 7.
Now consider the last term of the dividend combine the
remainder with next dividend to the right. We get a new 134
2 digit number 20. The divisor 5 divides 20, 4 times. Remainder 5 61720 )
0 and the quotient becomes 134.
670 ÷ 5 = 134

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Division of three digit number by one digit number:

Division without remainder
EXAMPLE 1
Step 1: Take 4 in the dividend, Which
Divide 450 by 6. is not divisible by 6. Hence to
combine the next digit in the
075 Quotient dividend in the right. We have to
put zero above the division line.
6 450
Step 2: Divide 45 by 6.
42 6 divides 45, 7 times, (ie) 6 x 7 = 42
30 place 42 belows 45,
Quotient = 7 and Remainder = 3
30
Step:3: Take 30, Divide 30 by 6,
0 Remainder Quotient = 5, Remainder = 0.
EXAMPLE 2
A fruit seller buys 531 apples. He arranges them equally in 9 boxes.

How many apples does he put in each box?
Total number of apples = 531
Number of boxes = 9
Number of apples in each box = 531 ÷ 9
59 Quotient
9 531
45
81
81
0 Remainder
Number of apples in each box = 59

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Division with remainder:
EXAMPLE 3
Step 1: Take 3 in the dividend, 3cannot
Divide 369 by 7. be divided by 7. Hence to
combine the next digit in the
52 dividend (369) in the right.
We have to put zero above the
7 369 division line. So take 36.
Divide 36 by 7.
35
7 divides 6, 5 times (ie) 7 x 5 = 35
19
Quotient = 5 and Remainder = 1
14
Step:2
5 Take 19 ones. Divide 19 by7.
7 divides 19, 2 times (ie) 7 x 2 = 14
Quotient = 2, Remainder = 5.
Quotient = 52 Remainder = 5
Exercise 2.1
Simplify the following
1) 896 ÷ 5 2) 696 ÷ 6
3) 686 ÷ 7 4) 813 ÷ 8
5) 891 ÷ 8 6) 703 ÷ 2
7) Rahul has 192 toy cars. He put them equally in 6 boxes. How
many toy cars will he put in each box? How many toy cars are
left over?
8) Akila has 495 photographs to put in an album. She can put 9

photographs on each page. How many pages can she fill?

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Divide 4 digit numbers by one digit number:

Divide without remainder:
You have already learnt the division steps in the three digit number
EXAMPLE 1
Divide 396 by 7. A Company called

EXAMPLE 2
8 workers to do
1236
the Painting work
6 7416 1211 on one day. At the
6 8 9689 end of the day
14 8 workers received
12 an total amount of
16
Rs 9689 as an daily
21 16 wage. How much
18 08 money did each
36 8 one get?
36 09
0 8 Quotient = 1211
Quotient = 1236 1 Remainder = 1
Remainder = 0
Exercise 2.2
Divide the following
1) 5632÷6 2) 7460÷7 3) 4964÷8 4) 8616÷6 5) 8645÷7 6) 5742÷9
7) In my school, there are 1115 students from class 1 to 8.
If the number of students is same in all the classes, how many
students are there in each class?
8) The height of a mountain is 7821 m. Raj took 9 days to reach the top.
How many metres did he cover daily if he travelled equal distances
every day?
9) A total of 1787 kg wheat has to be packed equally in 7 bags. What will
be the weight of each bag?

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2.1.2 To frame word problems (using four operations)
EXAMPLE 1
Observe the following pictures and let us see how questions has been framed.
an
Poov
a n a na
B
`90 Peya
n
na
Bana
`140
n
Gree
a n a na
B
`100
a
Siml
e
Appl Ooty
`250 Appl
e
`180
i. What is the price of ooty apple? Why do you prefer this?

ii. Find the cost of 3kg of green banana?
iii. What is the total cost of 1kg of simla apple, Poovan banana and
Peyan banana?
iv. Find out the difference between the cost of ooty apple and simla apple?
v. Mala had ` 70, how many kg of Peyan banana would she buy?
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Exercise 2.3
S.No. Name of the Item Price Per Kg (in �)

1 Raw Rice 56
2 Boiled Rice 54
3 Wheat 40
4 Tamarind 180
5 Red chilly 100
What else could you frame some more questions based on this table?
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
1) Frame word problems, using the picture given:
Cost of 1 Piece of Cake � 25
2) Frame word problems, using the picture given:
Total cost Rs 500/-

Total Cost of the clocks ` 490
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2.1.3 Estimating sums and differences:

To estimate a number means to round of each number to
its nearest tens, hundreds and then add or subtract.
Steps for estimation:
Nearest to tens: check the unit digit of the given
number that is to be estimated.
i) if it is equal to (or) greater than 5, add Note
1 to previous digit, make the unit digit as We can estimate a
zero. (e.g.) 85 is rounded to 90 number nearest 1000
ii) if it is less than 5, make the unit digit as and more.
zero. (e.g.) 63 is rounded to 60
EXAMPLE 1
1) Estimate the sum.
58 is rounded to tens 60
(+) 73 is rounded to tens (+) 70
Total 131 Rounded sum 130

2) Estimate the differnce
33 is rounded to tens 30
(-) 19 is rounded to tens (-) 20

14 rounded difference 10
Exercise 2.4
Estimate the following numbers to nearest tens and then add or subtract.
1) 45 2) 42
(+) 93 (+) 38
3) 78 4) 91
(-) 32 (-) 75
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Estimation in multiplication:
A tourism company collected � 95 per head for a field trip. Estimate
the amount collected from 28 persons?
Actual Estimated amount
Amount per head = � 95 � 100

Amount for 28 persons = � 2660 � 3000
}
Difference between, TO TO HTO TO
= 3000 - 2660
Estimated amount and 95 x 28 100 x 30
= � 340
actual amount
760 000
190 300
2660 3000
Exercise 2.5
Estimate and calculate:
Multiplication
S.No. Actual value Estimated value Difference
fact
1. 35 x 12 420 40 x 10 = 400 20
2. 82 x 28
3. 16 x 12
4. 23 x 27
2.2 Mental Arithmetic
2.2.1 Able to add and subtract multiples of 10 and 100

mentally.
Multiples of 10 and 100 are useful in counting large number of
items and objects (including money).
Multiples of 10
10, 20, 30, 40, 50 . . ..
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Adding with multiples of 10

H T O H T O
(i) 2 2 3 (ii) 3 4 5
1 0 1 0
2 3 3 3 5 5

Here, one’s place didn’t change, when they are added to zero and
hundreds Place also didn’t change, only the tens place got changed.
i) 2 + 1 = 3 ii) 4 + 1 = 5
Now we add the following
EXAMPLE 1
Add 374 + 10
374 + 10
4 + 0 =4
7 + 1 =8
Therefore 374 + 10 = 384
EXAMPLE 2
Add 286 + 30
286 + 30
8 + 3 = 11
Here, 11 has two digits, in this keep 1 in the tens place, take the
other 1 and add with the hundreds place digit.
Therefore 286 + 30 = 316
Adding with multiples of 100

H T O H T O
(i) 5 8 4 (ii) 2 7 5
+ 1 0 0 + 1 0 0
6 8 4 3 7 5

Here, one's place and ten's place didn't change, when they are added
to zero but in the hundreds place it is changed.
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EXAMPLE 3
Add 682 + 100
682 + 1 00
2 + 0 = 2
8 + 0 = 8
6 + 1 = 7
∴ 682 + 100 = 782
EXAMPLE 4
Add 835 with 100
835 + 1 00
8 + 1 = 9
∴ 835 + 100 = 935
Subtracting by multiples of 10
Follow the same procedure of addition for subtraction also, instead of
adding the numbers, subtract the numbers in the circle.
EXAMPLE 5
Subtract 10 from 625
625 – 10
5 – 0 = 5
2 – 1 = 1
∴ 625 – 10 = 615
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EXAMPLE 6
981 – 50
8 – 5 = 3
∴ 981 – 50 = 931
Subtracting by multiples of 100
EXAMPLE 7
546 – 400
5 – 4 = 1
∴ 546 – 400 = 146
Exercise 2.6
Add and subtract the following problems using multiples of 10, 100
(Mentally)
1. 745 + 40 = ______ 2. 328 + 30 = ______
3. 566 + 20 = ______ 4. 475 + 100 = ______
5. 686 + 300 = ______ 6. 345 + 600 = ______
7. 6348 - 10 = ______ 8. 541 - 40 = ______
9. 495 - 300 = ______ 10. 657 - 500 = ______
11. 895 - 500 = ______ 12. 365 - 300 = ______
2.2.2 Complete multiplication facts by adding partial
products mentally.
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Now we break the following numbers, for example, 53 = 50 + 3,

98 = 90 + 8.
In 53, why should numbers to be parted into 50+3, because nearest
multiples of 10 to 53 is 50 and add the remaining number 3 with it.
EXAMPLE 1
Complete the following multiplication facts by adding partial

products.
6 x 45 = 6 x (40+5)
= 6 x 40 + 6 x 5
Break 45 into two parts 40 + 5
Then multiply those two parts separately as:

6 x 40 = 240
6 x 5 = 30
Then add these two partial results.
2 4 0+ 3 0 = 270
6 x 45 = 270
Exercise 2.7
Simplify the following multiplication facts by adding partial products.
1. 9 x 42 2. 3 x 78 3. 36 x 12 4. 18 x 19
5. 68 x 31 6. 42 x 21
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UNIT-3 MEASUREMENTS
Volume
Recall:
..
A one dimension quantity - length and it is represented as
1cm
Two dimension quantity - length and breadth. Whicn can be

represented as
1cm
1cm
The space ocupied here: 1cm x 1cm = 1 cm2.

Two dimensional quantity is called as Area.
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Definition of volume
When we expand 1 cm from the surface of 2D, it forms 3D.
1cm
1cm
1cm
The space occupied here: 1cm x 1cm x 1cm = 1 cm3.

Three dimensional quantity is called as volume.
So, volume is the space occupied by any 3D object (cone, cube, cuboid
and cylinder).
3.1 Measuring volume of given liquid using containers

marked with standard units.
Do you know
We can write millilitre as “ml” and litre as “l”
¼ l (250 ml) ½ l (500 ml) ¾ l (750 ml) 1 l (1000 ml)
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Activity
List out the measures used at your home for the following items.
quantity
Items
(in litres)
Note:
Water t be
Measures canno
se non-
Milk accurate if we u
res. To
standard measu
ids we use
Oil measure the liqu
illilitre
standard units m
Petrol
and litre.
Diesel
Activity
Let us find out how many litres and millilitres

of water can be filled in this bucket.
by using bottle. (½ litre, 1 litre)
1. 1 litre ______ times
2. ½ l _______ times
Exercise 3.1
1.
Rani had 1 litre coconut oil. She shared it equally among her 5
friends. How much does each person have ?
2.
A teapot contains 2 litres, it is poured in cups with a capacity of
500 ml. How many cups can be filled ?
3.
Ram has 1 litre of juice bottle if he gives his friend 100 ml of
juice. How much is left with him?
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4. Change litre into millilitre.
1. 1l = 1000 ml
2. 7l = ________ ml
3. 5l = ________ ml
4. 9l = ________ ml
5. 4l = ________ ml
5. Change millilitre into litre

Note:
1. 6000 ml = 6l
1000ml = 1 litre
2. 2000 ml = ____ l
3. 8000 ml = ____ l
4. 9000 ml = ____ l
Activity
Fill in the red boxes below using 500 ml, 200 ml, 100 ml and 50 ml, to
get the total in the blue boxes given above the red boxes.
200 ml 500 ml
1 litre
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Addition using standard units (litre and ml)

To add litre and ml, first convert the litre into ml.
EXA M P L E 1
Add: 1 l + 345 ml Note:

1 l + 345 ml = (1 x 1000 ml) + 345 ml 1000 ml = 1 litre
= 1000 ml + 345 ml
= 1345 ml
EXA M P L E 2
Add: 7 l + 9 ml
7 l + 9 ml = (7 x 1000 ml) + 9 ml
= 7000 ml + 9 ml
= 7009 ml.
EXA M P L E 3
1 Add: 63 l 380 ml and 14 l 175 ml Step 1:
l ml Start from millilitres.
1
380 ml + 175 ml = 555 ml
63 380
(+) 14 175 Step 2:
77 555 Then add litres. 63 l + 14 l = 77l
Exercise 3.2
1. Complete the following. First one is done for you.
i) 5l + 376 ml = 5000 ml + 376 ml = 5376 ml
ii) 3l + 735 ml = ______ ml + ______ ml = ______ ml
iii) 4l + 43 ml = ______ ml + ______ ml = ______ ml
iv) 8l + 6 ml = ______ ml + ______ ml = ______ ml
v) 6l + 800 ml = ______ ml + ______ ml = ______ ml
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2. Match the following measurements given in the bottels with

the measurements in the boxes given below the bottels
36 l
3l 1l 25 l
9 ml
400 ml 10 ml 73 ml
3609 ml 3400 ml 1010 ml 2573 ml
Subtraction using standard units (litre and ml)
EXAMPLE 1
Subract 8 l 450 ml from 28 l 750 ml.
l ml
28 750 Step 1: Subtract 450 ml from 750 ml
(-) 8 450 Step 2: Subtract 8 l from 28 l
20 300 Therefore 28 l 750 ml - 8 l 450 ml = 20 l 300 ml
Life related problems
EXAMPLE 2
Sharma family have 2 buckets in their house.

The capacity of one bucket is 4 l 450 ml and the other
one is 5 l 180 ml. What is the total capacity of
two buckets?
l ml
Answer:
Capacity of first bucket = 4 450
Capacity of second bucket = (+) 5 180
Total capacity of two buckets = 9 630

Total capacity is 9 l 630 ml.
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EXAMPLE 3
A motor car consumed 188 l of petrol and

145 l 375 ml in the Month of January and
February. What is the difference in the
petrol consumption?
l ml
Answer: 7 9 9 10
Petrol consumed in the month of January = 188 000

Petrol consumed in the month of February = (-) 145 375
Difference = 42 625
Petrol consumed more in the month of January is 42 l 625 ml.
Exercise 3.3
I Add the following:
1. l ml 2. l ml 3. l ml
25 830 13 645 13 250

(+) 42 126 (+) 54 143 (+) 32 140
II
Subtract the following:
1. l ml 2. l ml 3. l ml
15 400 29 910 63 560

(-) 7 300 (-) 21 500 (-) 34 230
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III Solve the following.
1.
Ramu filled the petrol in his two cars. The first one hold the
capacity of 23 l 500 ml and the second one hold the capacity
15 l 750 ml. Find the total quantity of petrol .
2.
Kannan has some cows. They give milk in the first week
48 l 480 ml and in the second week 57 l 530 ml. Find the total
capacity of milk.
3. The fruit juice used in a function are given below.
S. No Cool drinks capacity
1. Apple juice 16 l 500 ml
2. Mango juice 23 l 160 ml
3. Grapes juice 19 l 650 ml
4. Lemon juice 20 l 350 ml
Find the total quantity of juice used in the above table.

1. Apple juice + Lemon juice = -------------- l -------------ml
2. Mango juice + Grapes juice = --------------- l -------------ml
3. Lemon juice + Mango juice = --------------- l -------------ml
4.
The shop keeper had 43 l 750 ml of groundnut oil. He sold
24 l 350 ml. How much oil was left with him?
5.
A bucket contains 15 l 500 ml of water. Gopi poured out 5 l 200 ml
to water the plants. How much water is left in the bucket?
6.
I purchased 73 l of milk. My sister has taken 34 l 500 ml of milk.
So how much milk is left for me?
7.
Find the difference between

these two cans.
30 l 500 ml 22 l 300 ml
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3.2 Estimation of the volume of a liquid contained in a vessel and

verification by measuring.
Situation
Sheela's mother prepared an orange juice for her
daughter's friends. Sheela wants to share the juice with
her four friends equally. But before that they want to know
how much juice does the bottle contain. They have given an
estimated measurement of 950 ml. They want to mesure
the juice in a 200 ml glass through that they want to verify. They found
that the bottle juice fills the five 200 ml glasses completely. From this
they have come to know that the bottle 1000 ml of juice.
200 ml 200 ml 200 ml 200 ml 200 ml
Activity
Measure your daily consumption of water for drinking, washing and

bathing. If you don't have marker, you can use bottles to do rough
calculation. For which you are using more water and give reason to reduce
water.
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Exercise 3.4
1) Estimate how much liquid each object can hold.

(Hint: 500 ml, 100 ml, 50 ml, 25 ml, 20l)
i) Can hold (l/ml) ________ of Milk.
ii) Can hold (l/ml) ________ of Water.
iii) Can hold (l/ml) ________ of Syrup.
iv) Can hold (l/ml) ________ of Ink.
v) Can hold (l/ml) ________ of Water.
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UNIT-4 TIME
4.1 Estimate the duration of Familiar Events
Observe the table below which shows the time duration of the following
activities at your home.
S.No. Work Starting Finishing Duration

Time Time
1 Brushing teeth 6.30 am 6.35 am 5 Minutes
2 Bathing 6.35 am 6.45 am 10 Minutes
3 Cooking 6.45 am 7.30 am 45 Minutes
4 Washing Clothes 7.30 am 7.50 am 20 Minutes
5 Cleaning Vessels 7.50 am 8.20 am 30 Minutes
From the above table duration of the time intervals are seen.
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Activity
Prepare a table for time duration to chop vegetables, Cleaning the

room at your home.
4.2 Can you Compute the number of days between

two given dates.
In one week there are 7days.
If one week over another one week begins.
If Sunday = 1, Monday = 2, Tuesday = 3, Wednesday = 4,Thursday = 5,

Friday = 6, and Saturday = 7.
If today is 6, What day was Yesterday, day before yesterday? and

what will be tomorrow and day after tomorrow?
Finding the day in previous or upcoming week.
E.g. Day 14 denotes Saturday. Can you guess what is 21st day?
You have already learnt in the previous class, that how many weeks are
there in a month and year.
Note:
Two weeks make
t
a fortnight, tha
a
is, 14 days make
fortnight.
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Computing the number of days between two given dates:
To compute days between two given dates,

Note:
count the number of days in between the ,
Note: Generally
given dates. If month falls in between two ks.
1 month = 4 wee
dates, calculate the number of days in
month.
EXAMPLE
Calculate the number of days between Independence day and

Gandhi Jayanthi day?
Solution: Note:
In the August
Independence day= 15th August
month we
Gandhi Jeyanthi = 2nd October have 31 days,
Independence
day falls on 15th
ave
August, so, we h
to subtract 15
from 31.
S. No Name of familiar Month Days

events
16
1 Independence Day August
(31 – 16 = 16)
September 30
2 Gandhi Jayanthi October 1
Total 47
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Try These
1
Calculate the number of days between Christmas
and Republic day?
2
Calculate the number of days between Pongal and
May day?
3
Calculate the number of days between Teacher’s
day and Children’s day?
4.3 Use calendar (interlinking with patterns)
Now we will learn how 60 is used in time
60 seconds = 1 minute
60 minutes = 1 hour
1 hour = 60 × 60 = 3600 Seconds
24 hours = 1 day
Normally 12 hours is used . But in Railways, airlines, armed forces and

TV channels 24 hours are used.
Now, learn the patterns in the Calendar.
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Consider 2 X 2 square in the nearby month
Add the numbers in the following way so that you will get the same
total as 18
5 6
12 13
5 + 13 = 18
12 + 6 = 18
See the patterns in 3 X 3 square in the nearby month
Add the numbers in the following

way so that you will get the same Note:
ach us
total as 51 Calendar can te
many things
ber
9 10 11 1. In a row, num
increases by 1
16 17 18 umber
2. In a column, n
23 24 25 increases by 7
9 + 17 + 25 = 51
23 + 17 +11 = 51, 16 + 17 + 18 = 51, 10 + 17 + 24 = 51
Activity
Select any month and try to find 3 X 3 square and 2 X 2 square.
Let us see some more patterns in the following month.
Consider the line: 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
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Middle number is 8
Sum of 5 and 11 is double the middle number (2x8) = 16

Try This
1
Select any month in a year. Find out the sum of
any row and column. You wonder that the sum
doubles the middle number.
Exercise 4.1
1. F
ind out the days between manufacturing and expiry date of
a medicine given below.
2. S
elect a month in the calendar and find out any creative
pattern of your own in the numbers.
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UNIT-5 MONEY
5.1 Convert rupees to paise:

Our government of India indicates money as the symbol of �.
Sankar is preparing to go for an Excursion. He asks his father � 400
as his pocket money. Father sees that � 2000 notes only in the purse.
Soon father goes to shop to get change for � 2000.
Father : Sir, (I need change for � 2000) give me change for � 2000.
Merchant : I have following varieties of combination which are as follows:
= + + +
= + + + +
+ +
= + + + +
+ + +
Which one do you prefer?
Father : Ok sir. I select the third variety of combination. That is
= + + + +
+ + +
34
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Merchant : Ok sir. I will give you the same.

Father : Thank you sir.
Father : Sankar, here is your � 400, get it.
Sankar : Father, shall I get the change as one � 50 note, one � 20

note, two � 10 notes, one � 5 note and 5, � 1 coins.
Father : Ok.
Do you know?
Our fore father had used various kinds of coins. Among them
1 paise, 2 paise, 5 paise, 10 paise, 20 paise, 25 paise, 50 paise.
But they are not in use now.
Denomination
� 2865 = � 2000 � 500 � 200 � 100 � 50 � 10 �5
8 65 ` 2000 × 1 = 2000
�2
` 500 × 1 = 500
` 200 × 1 = 200
` 100 × 1 = 100
` 50 × 1 = 50
` 10 × 1 = 10
`5×1=5
Total ` 2865
` 565 =
` 200 x ____ =
` 100 x ____ =
` 50 x ____ =
` 10 x ____ =
`5 x ____ =
Total
35

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Try This
2 ×
Activity
Fill in the box with model notes.

� 20
� 20
� 10
Activity
Take a sheet of paper and cut out the model notes (� 10, � 20, and
� 100). Affix it below the boxes provided to get the total of � 200. One
is done for you.
+ + + + + + +
+ +
50 + 50 + 50 + 50 + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + +
+ + +
Have you ever gone to petrol bunk?
The price of 1 litre petrol is �78.12. Have you ever notice?
Although paise is not in circulation in the form of currency, but the

cost of goods in paise are in use.
�1 = 100 paise
36

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Conversion of rupees into pasie.

This conversion is useful while you are bargaining in the
vegetable shop and so on.
To convert rupees into paise, multiply the rupees by 100.
EXAMPLE 1
Convert � 2 into paise

� 1 = 100 paise
So � 2 = 2 x 100 = 200 paise
EXAMPLE 2
Convert � 8.50 into paise

� 1 = 100 paise
8 is in rupees and 50 is in paise.
So we multiply by � 8 with 100 and add 50 paise.
∴ � 8.50 = 8 × 100 + 50
= 800 paise + 50 paise
= 850 paise
EXAMPLE 3
Ravi's father went to the shop and bought 1 kg of dhal for � 38.70.
Convert the cost of dhal into paise.
Cost of 1 kg dhal = � 38.70

� 38.70 = 38 × 100 paise + 70 paise
= 3800 paise + 70 paise
Cost of dhal = 3870 paise.
37

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Conversion of paise into rupees,

To convert paise into rupees, divide the paise by 100.
EXAMPLE 1
Convert 900 paise into rupees

To change the paise into rupees, divide the
paise by 100.
900 paise = 900 ÷ 100
900 paise = � 9
EXAMPLE 2
Convert 1950 paise into rupees
To change the paise into rupee, divide the paise by 100.
1950 paise = 1950 ÷ 100
= 19.50
= � 19.50
Exercise 5.1
1. In � 1000 How many � 500 notes are there?
How many � 200 notes are there?
2. Kamala had a change of � 100, � 50, � 20 and � 10 notes. How many

rupees did she have in each to get the total of rupees 500?
3. Convert the following rupees into paise

i. � 7.50 ii. � 18.75 iii. �54.68 iv. � 102.50
v. � 129.45 vi. � 308.61
38

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4. (i) Write the denomination for the following amount.
` 466 = � 200 � 100 � 100 � 50 � 10 �5 �1
` 200 x ____ =
` 100 x ____ =
` 50 x ____ =
` 10 x ____ =
`5 x ____ =
`1 x ____ =
Total = �
(ii) Use and fill in the boxes with the amounts given below, to get
the given amount ( � 845)
� 845 =
5. + = �100
+ = �50
=?
6. + + = �75
+ = �45
+ =?
5. Convert the following paise into rupees.
i. 800 paise ii. 500 paise iii. 2075 paise iv. 6860 paise
v. 200 paise vi. 150 paise vii. 1000 paise viii. 2000 paise
39

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5.2 Addition and Substraction on Money
To add and subtract simple amounts of money in denominations of

rupees and paise which are multiples of ten using column addition and
subtraction with regrouping
Addition without conversion
Sankar purchased 1kg rice for � 45.50 and 1kg of dhal for � 78.60
Correct method
Cost of 1 kg of rice = `45.50
Cost of 1 kg of dhal = `78.60
Total cost `124.10
Addition with conversion

A groundnut burfi seller uses many ingredients to prepare it. So, he sells
the burfi along with the ingredients. Original price of burfi is Rs.20 and
he includes ingredients cost as 0.75 paise. Find the cost of burfi.
Correct method
Original cost of burfi = ` 20.00
Cost of ingredients = ` 00.75
Cost of burfi = ` 20.75
EXAMPLE
Irusan went to electronic shop and bought 100 watts, 120 watts,
150 watts bulbs for amount �12.50, �14.70 and �18.50. What is the
total amount he spent in all?
Cost of 100 watts bulb = �12.50
The total amount he spent in all = �45.70
40

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Let us try
� 24.60 � 44.50
� 23.30 � 22.20
� 39.80 � 48.35
� 64.70 � 54.67
Exercise 5.2
I. Add the following Rupees (without conversion)
1. �38.40 2. �19.27 3. �28.50 4. �34.20
+ �41.25 + �10.31
�20.14 �13.18
+ �41.32 + �12.11
II. Add the following rupees (with conversion)

1. �19.56 2. �64.75 3. �28.37 4. �64.15
+ �23.64 + �36.25 �18.43 �38.27
+ �17.65 + �41.18
III. 1. Elangovan bought a bat for �105.15 and a ball for �24.
How much money did he spend in all?
2. Sadham went to vegetable shop and bought 1 kg of brinjal
for �28.50, 1 kg of ladies finger for �10.50, 1 kg of pumpkin
for �11.50. Find the total amount he spent in all.
3. Kanmani bought pad and pen for her daughter at the cost of
�65.50 and �48.75. How much money did she pay for the things?
4. Ramya bought Vegetable rice, Idly and Dosai for �74.50,
�28.50 and �60.50. Find the total amount he spent in all.
41

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Subtraction
EXAMPLE
Ramu bought chocolate in his trip at the cost of �60.75 and has
given �70 to the shopkeeper. How much money did he get back?
Amount given to the shopkeeper = �70.00 –
Cost of chocolate = �60.75
Balance amount he got back = �9.25
∴ The balance amount get by Mr. Ramu in � 9.25 subtract the
following:
Let us try
Subtract the following

� 85.45 � 94.27 � 58.45 � 74.50
- � 65.75 - � 36.18 - � 49.15 - � 55.50
Exercise 5.3
1. Subtract the following:
i. �83.50 ii. �63.50 iii. �74.00

- �24.00 - �27.50 - �43.50
iv. �98.67 v. �78.50

- �58.49 - �69.50
2. Cost of a pen from shop A is �7.50 and from shop B is �5.50. What
is the difference between the cost from two shops.
3. Mala went to textile shop and had bought chudithar for �58.70 and
gave �100 to the shopkeeper. How much money did the shopkeeper
return to Mala.
42

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Introduction
To learn to use Operations to find totals, change, multiple costs

and unit cost.
Panneerselvam and his three friends went to seashore. They played

and took rest. By that time they bought 4 packets of cereals from the
seller for �20. Panneer does not know the cost of one packet then he
asked his friend.
His friend explained him to find out the cost.
4 packets of cereals = �20
∴ 1 packet of cereals = �20 ÷ 4

So, 1 packet of cereals = �5.
Panneer and his friends have eaten cereals and went to a tea shop. The
price of tea was 5 rupees. Panneer and his friends drunk tea and gave
�20 to the seller.
Panneer does not know the total cost of tea. He asked his friend to
explain him,
Cost of one tea = �5
Cost of four tea = �5 × 4
Cost of four tea = �20
43

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Let us try
Find the cost per item, if the total cost is given. One is done for you.
Items Number of Total cost Cost per item

Items of the item
Book 5 �250 �250 ÷ 5 = �50
Bulb 9 �1350
Clock 6 �1500

Fill in the following:
S.No. Items Cost per Number of Total cost of

item items the item
1. Top �8 25 �8 × 25 = �200
2. Marble — 30 — x 30 = �210
3. Ball �9 23 —
4. Ring Ball �11 — �11 × — = �200
5. Doll �6 18 —
Panneer and his friends spent the amount for cereals �20 and another
for tea �20. Also they spent �40 for horse – riding. They went home
happily. After he went home he calculated the amount left in �100.
Let us help Panneer,

Cost of cereals = �20 +
Cost of tea = �20
The amount spent for horse – riding = �40
Total expenditure �80
Total amount with Panneer = �100

Amount Spent by Panneer and his friends = - �80
Balance amount = �20
44

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Activity
1. M
ake the students to form a model market to display the price list
of the things to learn addition and subtraction.
2. W
rite the value of currency in the paper, make a student to act like
a shopkeeper and the other students are like customer, calculate
the cost of things to learn addition and subtraction.
EXAMPLE 1
Nandhakumar spent the amount of �750 for 10 l petrol. What is

the cost of 1 l petrol.
Nandhakumar spent the amount for petrol = �750
∴ Cost for 1 l petrol = �750 ÷ 10
= �75
EXAMPLE 2
Madhumitha bought 8 sweet packets. If one packet costs �65,

find the cost of 8 packets.
Cost of one packet = �65
∴ Cost of eight packets = �65 × 8
∴ Cost of eight packets = �520
45

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EXAMPLE 3
Selvam went to vegetable market and bought onion for �10.50 and
cucumber for �8.75. If he has given �20 to the shopkeeper then
find the balance amount received by selvam.
Cost of onion = � 10.50
∴ Cost of cucumber = � 8.75
The amount spent for vegetables = � 19.25
The amount given to the shopkeeper = � 20.00

The amount spent for vegetables = � 19.25
Balance amount = � 0.75
Exercise 5.4
1. Priya bought 20 balloons. If the cost of one balloon is �6, then find
the cost of 20 balloons.
2. Chinthamani bought 28 chocolate for her birthday. If the cost of a
chocolate is �7 then find the total cost of 28 chocolates?
3. Ashok purchased 9 decorative papers at the cost of �450 for his

town festival. Find the cost of a decorative paper?
4. Geethanjali bought 10 pencils at the cost of �70 from the
supermarket. Find the cost of a pencil?
5. Kuppan bought pencil and pen for �24.50 and �6.50 from his total
amount �50. Find the total cost of things that he bought. Also find
the balance amount?
6. A teacher went to the science exhibition with their student.The
entry fee is �250 and the teacher bought some materials for the
school for �320, she had the balance amount of �330, find the
amount that she had?
46

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Finding the estimation of the total cost

Note:
Tharun went to footwear shop with his ore than
father. A pair of footwear cost �99.50 If the paise is m
0 add 1
in the price tag. 50 or equal to 5
digit, if it
to the previous
Tharun : Appa, what is the cost of eep the
is less than 50 k
the footwear? it is.
previous digit as
Appa : �100
Tharun : Appa, the price tag shows �99.50 but you said �100.
Appa : Yes tharun. The amount �99.50 is difficult
to tell. So I rounded off to �100.
Tharun : Appa, why don’t you say �99 instead of
�100?
Appa : Yes, here the amount is �99.50. If the
amount is more than or equal to 50 paise, round to the
nearest value.
Tharun : Appa, Suppose if the amount is less than 50 paise, then
keep the value as it is leaving the 50 paise?
Appa : Yes Tharun, you are correct. (They bought, footwear and
went happily)
To measure the money accurately, we can use the approximation
Rate Estimated value Reason
�27.60 �28 60 paise is greater than 50 paise.
�12.30 �12 30 paise is smaller than 50 paise.
The approximate value of �1 is the whole number of before or after.
Let us try
Rate Estimated value Reason

� 8.50 �9 The estimated value of 50 paise
� 7.30 or above 50 paise rounded off to
� 4.60 the next nearest rupees.
�45.70
�34.50
47

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Estimate the following rupees (before or after) using the multiples

of �10.
Actual Price Estimated Price
�53 �50
�67
�48
�24
�97
Deepak bought groundnut cookies for �24.40, Dhal mixture for
�34.60 and murukku for �28.75. He prepared to estimate the value
to the nearest rupees.
Things Actual price Estimated price Difference in paise
Groundnut �24.40 �24 40 paise
Dhal mixture — �35 40 paise
murukku �28.75 �29 —
Total �87.75 �88 25 paise
Exercise 5.5
1. Meera went to vegetable shop. He bought brinjal for
�29.75, drumstick for �14.60, raddish for �34.50 and
carrot for �42.80. Find the total amount and estimate
to the nearest one rupee?
2. Vasu bought car toy for �37, Bear toy for �24, monkey
toy for �86. Find the estimated cost and find the difference in
estimation close to nearest 10 rupees.
3. In the book fair Manibalan bought Bharathiyar book for �26.40,
Gandhi book for �18.60, Abdul kalam book for �43.70 and Kumaran
book for �51.90. Find the estimated cost and difference in estimation
closes to nearest one rupee.
4. Geetha bought Jasmine for �37, Rose for �58, Mullai for �26
and Marigold for �82. Find the estimated cost and difference in
estimation, close to the nearest ten rupees.
48

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UNIT-6 FRACTION
6.1 Symbolic Representation of Simple Fraction:
• Relating parts to whole eg: filling up water in a measured bottle

partially, fixing up, puzzels circularly, vertically, horizontally in
places and completes the whole.
Introduction
Part and parts:
Rani and Gowri wants equal share from 4 dosas. Could you
please suggest an idea?
How many dosas are there?
How many people are there?
Two
So, how many shares have to be done for each?
49
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So, Rani will get 2 out of 4 dosas and Gowri will get 2 out of 4 dosas.
Activity 1
Divide the following figure into different segments. (either vertically

or horizontally)
There are _____ equal parts.
Shade as many parts as you wish. It can be written as _____ out of

_____ parts are shaded.
Activity 2
Draw lines using the dots above. It could be vertically/horizontally/

diagonally.
There are equal parts. Shade as many parts as you wish. It can be
written as _____ out of _____ parts are shaded.
50

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Activity 3
(The four equal parts of a circle)

A Circle which is divided into four equal parts are given to Arun,
Tharun, sankar and Gopi, to colour it.
They could complete the task of colouring in two minutes, which is
given below.
Arun Tharun Sankar Gopi

In the above pictures one fourth (quarter) portion was coloured by
tharun.
1/2 portion was coloured by ___________
Whole portion was coloured by ___________
Three fourth of the portion was coloured by ___________
Identify half, one fourth, and three fourths of a whole.
Half
Whole Two halves
The above pictures were divided into two equal halves.
51

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The above shapes are divided into two equal parts. In the two equal
parts, one part was shaded. The shaded portion was one half and the
unshaded part was another half.
Half of
8 is 4.
The above collection of whole was divided into two equal parts.
Exercise 6.1
I. Shade the half portion of the given pictures
52

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One fourth (quarter)
Each fruit was divided into four equal quarters.
Every pictures was divided into four equal parts. And shaded portion
represent quarter or one fourth.
Exercise 6.2
Shade the quarter portion in the following figures.
(i) (ii) (iii)
(iv) (v) (vi)
53

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Three Fourth
(i) (ii) (iii)
Each picture is divided into 4 parts. In this 3 parts are shaded.

Shaded portion is called as 'three fourth'.
Exercise 6.3
I. Colour three fourth of the following pictures
Whole
The shaded portion of the above pictures or things represents (1)

whole, whole means complete portion of a thing or collection of similar
things.
54

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1 1 3
Identifies the symbols , ,
4 2 4
Agriculture
Anitha had a vegetable garden which was rectangular shape. It was

divided into four equal parts. In one part she planted brinjal, another
part she planted pumpkin and in the remaning two parts she planted
ladies finger.
She used all the 4 equal parts. Which means 1 whole.
The portion of brinjal planted out of the whole = 1/4, we call this as
'quarter' or 'one-fourth'.
The portion of Pumpkin planted out of the whole = 1/4, we call this as
'quarter' or 'one-fourth'.
The portion of Pumpkin and brinjal planted out of the whole = 1/2, we
call this as 'half'.
The portion of Ladies finger and Pumbkin planted out of the whole =
3/4, this is called as three fourth
Can we try this:
1. Anitha’s rectangular garden was divided into ______________

parts.
2. Portion of brinjal planted part = ______________
3. Portion of Ladies finger planted part = ______________
4. Portion of pumpkin planted part = ______________
55

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Exercise 6.4
1 1 3
I. Write suitable fractions as , , in the circle given below
against the pictures. 4 2 4
1 1 3
Explains the meaning of , ,
4 2 4
Activity
Take an old newspaper.

1. The game is that you should occupy it with yourself. Can you try it
out.
[hint: sit]
2. Fold it into two equal halves. What is your plan to occupy this
space?
[hint: stand]
3. Fold it further into two equal halves. Could you try it?
[hint: stand in one leg]
4. Fold it further into two equal halves. Can... you..?
[hint: stand on your toe]
Do you want to do it further.
56

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2 1 2 3 4
Understanding the equivalences of and and of , ,
and 1 4 2 2 3 4
Four friends were walking in a Sunny day. All are became thirsty so
they went to a fruit vendor and bought a watermelon. They sliced
it into four equal parts and ate it. how they shared their parts with
themselves
• Take a square sheet of paper and fold it into two equal parts. Colour
one part of the paper
1
Fraction of coloured portion =
2
2
• Now observe keenly, the fraction of coloured portion =
4
There is no change in the paper
57

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1 2
2
= 4
Two parts become four parts and the coloured one part changed into
two parts
2 1
Thus it represent both and are equal it is said to be
equivalence. 4 2
Exercise 6.5
2
I. Choose the appropriate picture given below for the fraction .
4
1
II. Choose the appropriate picture given below for the fraction .
2
III. Choose the equivalence according to the fraction given against the
pictures
1. 1/2
2. 2/4
3. 1/4
58

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Class IV - Mathematics, Science and Social Science (Term III, Volume 2)

List of Authors and Reviewers
Academic Advisor Mathematics Science Social Science
Dr. P. Kumar
Joint Director (Syllabus), Reviewers Reviewers Reviewers
SCERT, Chennai. Dr. Ramanujam G. Angeline Ruby S. Gomathi Manickam
Professor, Assistant Professor BT Asst, GHSSchool,
Academic Co-ordinator Institute of Mathematical in Zoology, Old Perungalathur,
Dr. K.S. Mozhiyarasi Science, Tharamani, SCERT, DPI Chennai. Kancheepuram.
Principal, DIET, Chennai. B. Selvi
Authors
Keelapalur, Ariyalur R. Krithika, Assistant Professor
in Botany, P. Suresh
Research Centre,
SCERT, DPI, Chennai PG Asst,
Subject Co-ordinators Azim Premji University,
Govt. Girls HSS
Maths Bangalore Dr. K. Chinthanaiyalan Attur, Salem.
M. K. Lalitha Authors B.T. Asst., GHS,
B.T. Asst., G.G.H.S.School, Periyar nager, Srivathsan Ramaswamy
S. Ravi
Katpadi, Vellore. Nandambakkam, Madhi Foundation,
B.T. Assistant, PUMS,
Kanchipuram. Chennai.
Science Azhagiyamanavalam
Mannachanallur Authors Gnana Dinakaraj
Tiruchirappalli. K.Vijayarajkumar BT Asst,
M. Sankar Ganesh PG Assistant, Govt. High School,
Secondary Grade Teacher, Isha vidhya Infosys Matric Umayal Parancheri,
Social Science PUMS, Aloor, Tirukkoilur higher secondary school. Kancheepuram.
S. Vijayalakshmi Block, Villupuram. Samichettipatti,
B.T. Asst., G.H.S.School, I. Mahalakshmi Dharmapuri.
Kuvathur, Kancheepuram. Headmistress, PUPS V. Kamatchi
Sembiyakudi, Thirumanur Head Mistress, PUPS,
Layout Design and Block, Ariyalur. Vadavambalam,
Kandamangalam,
QR - Code
Illustration Team Management Team
Villupuram.
A. Adison Raj R. Jaganathan
B. Yogesh N. Agila
S.G.T. (SPOC)
S. Adaikkala Stephen B.T Asst., PUMS,
PUMS Ganesapuram - Polur,
Pakkirisamy Annadurai Aathikudikadu,
Thiruvannamalai Dist.
Sathiyavu Stephen Ariyalur.
M. Murugesan
M. Mariyanesan
In-House QC SGT, PUPS,
B.T.Asst., P.U.M.School,
Rajesh Thangappan Pethavelankottagam,
Thennavarayanpattu,
Jerald Wilson Thiruvarur.
Villupuram.
Wrapper Design S. Albert ValavanBabu,
Kathir Arumugam B.T. Asst.,
Government High School,
Coordination PerumalKovil, Paramakudi,
Ramesh Munisamy Ramanathapuram.
This book has been printed on 80 GSM Maplitho paper.

Printed by offset at:
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GOVERNMENT OF TAMIL NADU

A publication under Free Textbook Programme of Government of Tamil Nadu

Department Of School Education

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Government of Tamil Nadu

(Published under New Syllabus in

NOT FOR SALE

State Council of Educational Research

Printing & Publishing

Tamil NaduTextbook and Educational

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6 FRACTION 49 March & April

E-book Assessment DIGI Links

Let’s use the QR code in the text books!

4th_Introduction_Term 3 EM.indd 3 11/9/2019 6:27:48 PM

1.1 Iterative patterns in shapes

We see patterns in trees, rivers, mountains, shells, clouds, leaves and

Circle Spiral Oval

Draw the above shapes and colour it.

4th_Unit_01_Geomentry_Term 3.indd 1 11/9/2019 11:14:04 AM

Using the above shapes we are going to form iterative patterns.

Required things: Paper, Pencil, unused bottle cap,

Take a sheet of paper, keep the cellotape

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1.1.2 To differentiate and to compares the shapes drawn.

1.1.3 To explore visual examples of repeating patterns

Cactus is the example for oval shaped pattern.

Shell of a Snail is the example for spiral

Bangle represents the Circle shaped Pattern.

Students see the visual examples in the surroundings like

4th_Unit_01_Geomentry_Term 3.indd 3 11/9/2019 11:14:07 AM

1) Write the Shapes of the Patterns present in the pictures given

2) Complete the patterns given below.

ii. ___ ___

iii. ___ ___

iv. ___ ___

3) Draw Simple rangoli. Use your own Creativity to ﬁll them.

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2.1 Division: (up to 4 digit number by single digit number)

(i) Equal sharing

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Priya Raghu Usha

Priya Leela Kala Mala Raghu Usha

Priya Leela Kala Mala Mary Rahim Ravi Raghu Usha

Each gets 2 pieces of cake. Thus 18 pieces of cake is shared equally

Here, 5(the divisor) divides 6(the first digit of the dividend)

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Division of three digit number by one digit number:

A fruit seller buys 531 apples. He arranges them equally in 9 boxes.

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Division with remainder:

Simplify the following

8) Akila has 495 photographs to put in an album. She can put 9

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Divide 4 digit numbers by one digit number:

Divide 396 by 7. A Company called

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ii. _ _

iii. _ _

iv. _ _

i. What is the price of ooty apple? Why do you prefer this?

2.2.1 Able to add and subtract multiples of 10 and 100

3.1 Measuring volume of given liquid using containers

ii) 3l + 735 ml = ml + ml = __ ml

iii) 4l + 43 ml = ml + ml = __ ml

iv) 8l + 6 ml = ml + ml = __ ml

v) 6l + 800 ml = ml + ml = __ ml