Diseases Associated With The Reproductive Organ

Diseases Associated with the Reproductive System
Infections are the most common problems associated with the

reproductive system in adults. Vaginal infections are more common in young
and elderly women and in those whose resistance to disease is low.
The usual infections include those caused by Escherichia coli

which spread through the digestive tract; the sexually transmitted
microorganisms such as syphilis, gonorrhea, and herpes virus; and yeast (a
type of fungus). Vaginal infections that are left untreated may spread
throughout the female reproductive tract and may cause pelvic inflammatory
disease and sterility. Problems that involve painful or abnormal menses may
also be due to infection or hormone imbalance.
In males, the most common inflammatory conditions are prostatitis,

urethritis, and epididymitis all of which may follow sexual contacts in which
sexually transmitted diseases (STD) microorganisms are transmitted.
Orchiditis, or inflammation of the testes, is rather uncommon but is serious

because it can cause sterility. Orchiditis most commonly follows mumps in an
adult male.
Neoplasms are a major threat to reproductive organs. Tumors of the breast

and cervix are the most common reproductive cancers in adult females and
prostate cancer (a common sequel to prostatic hypertrophy) is a widespread
problem in adult males.
. Neoplasms may be benign (not cancer) or malignant (cancer).
Most women, hit the highest point of their reproductive abilities in their late
20s. A natural decrease in ovarian function usually follows characterized by
reduced estrogen production that causes irregular ovulation and shorter
menstrual periods. Consequently, ovulation and menses stop entirely, ending
childbearing ability. This event is called as menopause, which occurs when
females no longer experience menstruation.
There is no counterpart for menopause in males. Although aging men

show a steady decline in testosterone secretion, their reproductive capability
seems unending. Healthy men are still able to father offspring well into their 80s
and beyond.
Erogenous Zones
Erogenous zones refer to parts of the body that are primarily receptive
and increase sexual arousal when touched in a sexual manner. Some of the
commonly known erogenous zones are the mouth, breasts, genitals, and
anus.
Erogenous zones may vary from one person to another. Some people may enjoy
being touched in a certain area more than the other areas. Other common
areas of the body that can be aroused easily may include the neck, thighs,
abdomen, and feet.
Human Sexual Behavior
Human sexual behavior is defined as any activity—solitary, between two

persons, or in a group – that induces sexual arousal (Gebhard, P.H. 2017).
Types of Behavior
The various types of human sexual behavior are usually classifies according
to the gender and number of participants.
There is solitary behavior involving only one individual, and there is

sociosexual behavior involving more than one person.
Sociosexual behavior is generally divided into heterosexual behavior (male with

female)and homosexual behavior (male with male or female with female).
If three or more individuals are involved, it is, possible to have heterosexual and
homosexual activity is simultaneously (Gebhard, P.H. 2017).
1. Solitary Behavior
Self-gratification means self-stimulation that leads to sexual arousal and
generally, sexual climax. Usually, most self-gratification takes place in private as
an end in itself, but can also be done in a sociosexual relationship.
Self-gratification, generally beginning at or before puberty, is very common

among young males, but becomes less frequent or is abandoned when
sociosexual activity is available. Consequently, self-gratification is most
frequent among the unmarried. There are more males who perform acts of
self-gratification than females. The frequency greatly varies among individuals
and it usually decreases as soon as they develop sociosexual relationships.
2. Sociosexual Behavior
Heterosexual behavior is the greatest amount of sociosexual behavior that’s
occurs between only male and female. It usually begins in childhood and
maybe motivated by curiosity, such as showing or examining genitalia.
There is varying degree of sexual impulse and responsiveness among children.
Physical contact involving necking or petting is considered as an ingredient
of the learning process and eventually of courtship and the selection of a
marriage partner.
Petting differs from hugging, kissing, and generalize caresses of the

clothed body to practice involving stimulation of the genitals.
Petting maybe done as an expression of affection and a source of

pleasure, preliminary to coitus. Petting has been regarded by others as near-
universal human experience and is important not only in selecting the partner but
as a way of learning how to interact with another person sexually.
Coitus, the insertion of the male reproductive structure into the female
reproductive organ, is viewed by society quite differently depending upon the
martial status of the individuals.
Majority of human source societies allow premarital coitus, at least under certain
circumstances. In modern western society, premarital coitus is more likely to be
tolerated but not encourage if the individuals intend marriage. Moreover, in most
societies martial coitus is considered as an obligation.
Extramarital coitus involving wives is generally condemned and, if

permitted, is allowed only under exceptional conditions or with specified
person. Societies are becoming more considerate toward males the females
who engaged in extramarital coitus. This double standard of morality is also
evident in premarital life.
Postmarital coitus (i.e, coitus separate, divorced or widowed persons) is

almost always ignored. There is a difficulty in enforcing absence among sexually
experienced and usually older people for societies that try to confine coitus in
married couples.
Physiology of Human Sexual Response
Sexual response follows a pattern of sequential stages or phases when

sexual activity is continued.
1. Excitement phase – it is caused by increased in pulse and blood pressure; a

sudden rise in blood supply to the surface of the body resulting in increased skin
temperature, flushing, and swelling of all distensible body parts (particularly
noticeable in the male reproductive structure and female breast), more rapid
breathing, the secretion of genital fluids, vaginal expansion, and general
increased to a near maximal physiological level that leads to the next stage.
2. Plateau phase – it is generally of brief duration. If stimulation is continued,

orgasm usually occurs.
3. Sexual climax – it is marked by feeling of abrupt, intense pleasure, a rapid

increased in pulse rate and blood pressure, and spasms of the pelvic muscles
causing contractions of the female reproductive organ and ejaculation by the
male. It is also characterized by involuntary vocalizations. Sexual climax may last
for few seconds (normally not ever ten), after which individual enters the
resolution phase.
4. Resolution phase – it is last stage that refers to the return to a normal or

subnormal physiological state. Males return to normal even if stimulation
continues, but continued stimulation can produced additional orgasms in
females. Females are physically capable of repeated orgasms without the
intervening “rest period” required males.
Nervous System Factors
The entire nervous system factors plays a significant role during sexual
response. The autonomic system is involved in controlling the involuntary
responses. In the presence of a stimulus capable enough of initiating a sexual
response, the efferent cerebrospinal nerves transmit the sensory messages to
the brain. The brain will interpret the sensory message and dictate what will be
the immediate and appropriate response of the body.
The hypothalamus and the limbic system are the parts of the brain believed
to be responsible for regulating the sexual response, but there is no specialized
“sex center” that has been located in the human brain. Animal experiments show
for mounting (masculine) behavior and one for mounted (feminine) behavior.
Apart from brain-controlled sexual responses, there is some reflex (i.e., not
brain-controlled) response. This reflex is mediated by the lower spinal cord and
leads to erection and ejaculation for male, vaginal discharges and lubrication for
female when genital and perineal areas are stimulated.
Sexual Problems
Sexual problems may be classified as physiological, psychological and social

in origin. Any given problem may involve all three categories. Physiological
problems are the least among the three categories. Only a small number of
people suffer from diseases that are due to abnormal development of the
genitalia or that part of the neurophysiology controlling sexual response. Some
common physiologic conditions that can disturb sexual response include vaginal
infections, retroverted uteri, prostatitis, adrenal tumors, diabetes, sextile changes
of the vagina, and cardiovascular problems.
Psychological problems comprise by far the largest category.

They are usually caused by socially induced inhibitions, maladaptive attitudes,
ignorance and sexual myths held by the society. An example of the latter is the
belief that good, mature sex must rapid erection, prolonged coitus, and
simultaneously orgasm.
Premature emission of semen is a common problem, especially for young

males. Sometimes this is not the consequence of any psychological problem but
the natural result of excessive tension in a male who has been sexually deprived.
Erectile impotence is almost always of psychological origin in males under 40; in
older males, physical causes are more often involved.
Ejaculatory impotence, which results from the inability to ejaculate in coitus,

is uncommon and is usually of psychogenic origin. It appears to be associated
with ideas of contamination or with memories of traumatic experiences.
Occasional ejaculatory inability can be possibly expected in older men or in any
who has exceeded his sexual capacity.
Vaginismus is a strong spasm of the pelvic musculature constricting the

female reproductive organ so that penetration is painful or impossible. It can be
due to anti-sexual conditioning or psychological trauma that serves as an
unconscious defense against coitus. It can be treated by psychotherapy and by
gradually dilating the defense female reproductive organ with increasingly large
cylinders.

Diseases Associated With The Reproductive Organ

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Diseases Associated with the Reproductive System

Infections are the most common problems associated with the

The usual infections include those caused by Escherichia coli

In males, the most common inflammatory conditions are prostatitis,

Orchiditis, or inflammation of the testes, is rather uncommon but is serious

Neoplasms are a major threat to reproductive organs. Tumors of the breast

. Neoplasms may be benign (not cancer) or malignant (cancer).

There is no counterpart for menopause in males. Although aging men

Human Sexual Behavior

Human sexual behavior is defined as any activity—solitary, between two

There is solitary behavior involving only one individual, and there is

Sociosexual behavior is generally divided into heterosexual behavior (male with

Self-gratification, generally beginning at or before puberty, is very common

Petting differs from hugging, kissing, and generalize caresses of the

Petting maybe done as an expression of affection and a source of

Extramarital coitus involving wives is generally condemned and, if

Postmarital coitus (i.e, coitus separate, divorced or widowed persons) is

Physiology of Human Sexual Response

Sexual response follows a pattern of sequential stages or phases when

1. Excitement phase – it is caused by increased in pulse and blood pressure; a

2. Plateau phase – it is generally of brief duration. If stimulation is continued,

3. Sexual climax – it is marked by feeling of abrupt, intense pleasure, a rapid

4. Resolution phase – it is last stage that refers to the return to a normal or

Nervous System Factors

Sexual problems may be classified as physiological, psychological and social

Psychological problems comprise by far the largest category.

Premature emission of semen is a common problem, especially for young

Ejaculatory impotence, which results from the inability to ejaculate in coitus,

Vaginismus is a strong spasm of the pelvic musculature constricting the

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