1. Mr. Miller has been diagnosed with bone cancer.

You know this type of cancer is classified as:

A.Sarcoma
B.Lymphoma
C.Carcinoma
D.Melanoma

Correct Answer
A. Sarcoma
Explanation
Sarcoma is the correct classification for bone cancer. Sarcomas are a type of cancer that develop in the connective
tissues of the body, including bones, muscles, and cartilage. Bone cancer specifically refers to the abnormal growth of
cells in the bones, which is categorized as a sarcoma. Lymphoma, carcinoma, and melanoma are different types of
cancers that affect other tissues or organs in the body, not specifically the bones.
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2. Nurse Farah is caring for a client following a mastectomy. Which assessment finding indicates that the client is
experiencing a complication related to the surgery?

A.Pain at the incisional site

B.Arm edema on the operative side
C.Sanguineous drainage in the Jackson-Pratt drain
D.Complaints of decreased sensation near the operative site

Correct Answer
B. Arm edema on the operative side
Explanation
Arm edema on the operative side is an abnormal finding following a mastectomy and indicates a complication related
to the surgery. Edema can be a sign of lymphedema, which occurs when there is a blockage or damage to the
lymphatic system. In this case, the lymphatic drainage from the arm is impaired due to the surgery, leading to fluid
accumulation and swelling. This complication can cause discomfort, limited range of motion, and increased risk of
infection. Therefore, it is important for the nurse to assess and address this finding promptly.
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3. The nurse is admitting a male client with laryngeal cancer to the nursing unit, which is the most common risk factor
the nurse assesses for this type of cancer.

A.Alcohol abuse
B.Cigarette smoking
C.Use of chewing tobacco
D.Exposure to air pollutants

Correct Answer
B. Cigarette smoking
Explanation
Cigarette smoking is the most common risk factor for laryngeal cancer. Smoking cigarettes exposes the larynx to
harmful chemicals and substances, increasing the risk of developing cancer in this area. It is important for the nurse to
assess the client's smoking history and provide education and support for smoking cessation to reduce the risk of
further complications.
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4. A 25-year-old patient is inquiring about the methods or ways to detect cancer earlier. The nurse least likely to
identify this method by stating:

A.Annual chest x-ray.

B.Annual Pap smear for sexually active women only.
C.Annual digital rectal examination for persons over age 40.
D.Yearly physical and blood examination
Correct Answer
A. Annual chest x-ray.
Explanation
The nurse is least likely to identify annual chest x-ray as a method to detect cancer earlier because chest x-rays are not
typically used as a screening tool for cancer. Chest x-rays are more commonly used to diagnose specific conditions or
evaluate symptoms related to the chest area, such as lung infections or heart problems. Other methods mentioned, such
as Pap smear, digital rectal examination, and yearly physical and blood examination, are more commonly used for
cancer screening or early detection.
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5. The removal of the entire breast. Pectoralis major and minor muscles and neck lymph nodes which are followed by
skin grafting, is a procedure called:

A.Simple mastectomy
B.Modified radical mastectomy
C.Radiation therapy
D.Radical mastectomy

Correct Answer
D. Radical mastectomy
Explanation
Radical mastectomy is the correct answer because it involves the removal of the entire breast, along with the
pectoralis major and minor muscles and neck lymph nodes. This procedure is typically followed by skin grafting.
Simple mastectomy involves the removal of the breast tissue only, while modified radical mastectomy involves the
removal of the breast tissue and some lymph nodes. Radiation therapy is a different treatment approach that uses high-
energy rays to kill cancer cells.
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6. Chemotherapy is one of the therapeutic modalities for cancer. This treatment is contraindicated to which of the
following conditions?

A.Recent surgery
B.Pregnancy
C.Bone marrow depression
D.All of the above

Correct Answer
D. All of the above
Explanation
Chemotherapy is contraindicated in all of the given conditions. Recent surgery can interfere with the body's ability to
handle the chemotherapy drugs and may increase the risk of complications. Pregnancy is contraindicated because
chemotherapy drugs can harm the developing fetus. Bone marrow depression, which is a decrease in the production of
blood cells, can be worsened by chemotherapy as these drugs can further suppress the bone marrow function.
Therefore, all of these conditions are contraindications for chemotherapy.
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7. The nurse is preparing Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan). Safe handling of the drug should be implemented to protect
the nurse from injury. Which of the following actions by the nurse should be corrected?

A.The nurse should wear a mask and gloves.

B.Air bubbles should be expelled on wet cotton.
C.Label the hanging IV bottle with the “ANTINEOPLASTIC CHEMOTHERAPY” sign.
D.Vent vials after mixing.

Correct Answer
A. The nurse should wear a mask and gloves.
Explanation
The nurse should wear a mask and gloves while preparing Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) to protect themselves from
potential exposure to the drug. This is important because Cyclophosphamide is an antineoplastic chemotherapy drug
that can be harmful if it comes into contact with the nurse's skin or is inhaled. Wearing a mask and gloves helps to
minimize the risk of exposure and protects the nurse from potential injury.

8. A pneumonectomy is a surgical procedure sometimes indicated for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. A
pneumonectomy involves removal of:

a) One lobe of a lung

b) An entire lung fields
c) One or more segments of a lung lobe
d) A small, wedge-shaped lung surface

9. the nurse formulates a nursing diagnosis of anxiety related to the threat of death secondary to a cancer diagnosis.
Which expected outcome would be appropriate for this client?
a) "Client stops seeking information."
b) "Client uses any effective method to reduce tension."
c) "Client doesn't guess at prognosis."
d) "Client verbalizes feeling of anxiety."

10. Nurse April is teaching a client who suspects that she has a lump in her breast. The nurse instructs the client that a
diagnosis of breast cancer is confirmed by:
a) Breast self-examination
b) Mammography
c) Fine needle aspiration
d) chest x-ray

11. A client, age 41, visits the gynecologist. After examining her, the physician suspects cervical cancer. The nurse
reviews the client's history for risk factors for this disease. Which history finding is a risk factor for cervical cancer?
a) Pregnancy complicated with eclampsia at age 27
b) Spontaneous abortion at age 19
c) Onset of sporadic sexual activity at age 17
d) Human papillomavirus infection at age 32

12. The nurse is interviewing a male client about his past medical history. Which preexisting condition may lead the
nurse to suspect that a client has colorectal cancer?
a) polyps
b) weight gain
c) Hemorrhoids
d) Duodenal ulcers

13. Nurse Amy is speaking to a group of women about early detection of breast cancer. The average age of the women
in the group is 47. Following the American Cancer Society guidelines, the nurse should recommend that the women:
a) Have a mammogram annually
b) Perform breast self-exams annually
c) Have a hormonal receptor assay annually
d) Have a physician conduct a clinical exam every 2 yrs.

14. A male client with a nagging cough makes an appointment to see the physician after reading that this symptom is
one of the seven warning signs of cancer. What is another warning sign of cancer?
a) rash
b) Indigestion
c) chronic ache or pain
d) Persistent nausea

15. Nurse Lucia is providing breast cancer education at a community facility. The American Cancer Society
recommends that women get mammograms:
a) After the first menstrual period and annually thereafter
b) Yearly after age 40
c) Every 3 years between ages 20 and 40 and annually thereafter
d) After the birth of the first child and every 2 years thereafter
16. A 35-year-old client has been receiving chemotherapy to treat cancer. Which assessment finding suggests that the
client has developed stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth)?
a) Rust-colored sputum
b) Red, open sores on the oral mucosa
c) Yellow tooth discoloration
d) White, cottage cheese-like patches on the tongue

17. A male client is in isolation after receiving an internal radioactive implant to treat cancer. Two hours later, the
nurse discovers the implant in the bed linens. What should the nurse do first?

a) Leave the room and notify the radiation therapy department immediately
b) Put the implant back in place, using forceps and a shield for self-protection, and call for help
c) Pick up the implant with long-handled forceps and place it in a lead-lined container
d) Stand as far away from the implant as possible and call for help

18. Nina, an oncology nurse educator, is speaking to a women's group about breast cancer. Questions and comments
from the audience reveal a misunderstanding of some aspects of the disease. Various members of the audience have
made all of the following statements. Which one is accurate?
a) Breast cancer requires a mastectomy
b) Men can develop breast cancer
c) Breast cancer is the leading killer of women of childbearing age
d) Mammography is the most reliable method for detecting breast cancer

19. Nurse Kent is teaching a male client to perform monthly testicular self-examinations. Which of the following
points would be appropriate to make?
a) Testicular cancer is a highly curable type of cancer
b) Testicular cancer is very difficult to diagnose
c) Testicular cancer is the number one cause of cancer deaths in males
d) Testicular cancer is more common in older men

20. A cervical radiation implant is placed in the client for treatment of cervical cancer. The nurse initiates what most
appropriate activity order for this client
a) Out of bed ad lib
b) Ambulation to the bathroom only
c) Bed rest
d) Out of bed in a chair only

What stage occurs when cancer develops in the body but has not spread to distant regions and has not grown deeply
into nearby tissue. Stage 1

(my-TOH-sis) The process by which a single parent cell divides to make two new daughter cells.

What stage Cancer cells have spread beyond nearby tissue and into lymph nodes and parts of the body, including
organs, potentially far from the original site. Stage 4

metastasis is the movement or spreading of cancer cells from one organ or tissue to another

Malignant tumors have cells that grow uncontrollably and spread locally and/or to distant sites. Malignant tumors are
cancerous (ie, they invade other sites). They spread to distant sites via the bloodstream or the lymphatic system. This
spread is called metastasis.

.Chemotherapy is a medication given to treat cancer that’s designed to kill cancer cells? It’s usually taken by mouth or
given through an infusion into a vein or medication port.

Benign tumors are those that stay in their primary location without invading other sites of the body. They do not
spread to local structures or to distant parts of the body. Benign tumors tend to grow slowly and have distinct borders

Radiation therapy involves giving high doses of radiation beams directly into a tumor. The radiation beams change the
DNA makeup of the tumor, causing it to shrink or die.
In teletherapy (Greek tele: far), the radiation source is located at a spatial distance from the tumor. In the process,
mostly tumours inside the body are irradiated through the skin from outside the patient.

Brachytherapy (brak-e-THER-uh-pee) is a procedure used to treat certain types of cancer and other conditions. It
involves placing radioactive material inside the body. This is sometimes internal and external radiation.