UNIT 2 Cao Tuan Minh

UNIT 2: HEAT OF REACTION
I)Practices
1. Determination of calorimeter constant
- The equation: Q = (m0c0 + mc).∆ t (2.1)
+ m0c0: thermal capacity of the substance with mass
m0 (cal/°C)
+ mc: thermal capacity of the substance with mass m
(cal/°C)
+ Δt: The change in temperature during the process
(in °C)
+ Q: The total heat transferred (measured in joules, J)
- How to determine m0c0
1) Place 50 mL of room-temperature water into
beaker -> measure t1
2) Place 50 mL of hot water (about 60 oC) into the
calorimeter, keep thermometer inside -> measure
t2
3) Using a funnel, quickly transfer the water from
the beaker to the calorimeter -> measure t3 after
the temperature stable
The temperature of hot water and beaker = the

temperature of cool water absorbed
(m0c0 + mc)(t2 – t3) = mc(t3 – t1)

( ( t 3 – t 1 )−( t 2 – t 3 ) )
m0c0 = mc (t 2 – t 3) (2.2) while m = 50 mL
2. Determination of calorimeter constant

1) Prepare a burette containing 1M NaOH solution (25
mL) into beaker 100 mL
2) Prepare another burette containing 1M HCl solution
(25 mL) into calorimeter
3) Use the funnel to quickly transfer the beaker to the
calorimeter then mix the solution
4) Find Q (2.1) -> ΔH
*Assumed that the specific heat capacity of the
neutralized solution is 1 cal/g.K. Density of the salt
solution is 1.02 g/mL
3. Heat of dissolution of anhydrous CuSO4 ->
confirm Hess’s Law
1)Place 50 mL of water into the calorimeter
2)Weigh about 4g CuSO4
3)Quickly transfer 4g CuSO4 into calorimeter then mix
the solution
4)Find Q (2.1) -> ΔHht
4. Heat of dissolution of NH4Cl

The same as 3. but using NH4Cl instead of CuSO4
II) Result from experiments

1) Determination of calorimeter constant
Temperature oC First time
t1 29
t2 62
t3 46
m0c0 (cal/°C) 3,125
 Find m0c0:
( ( t 3 – t 1 )−( t 2 – t 3 ) ) ( ( 46−29 )−( 62−46 ) )
m0c0 = mc (t 2 – t 3) = 50.1. (62−46) = 3.125
2) Determination of calorimeter constant

Temperature First time Second Third time
o
C time
t1 29 29 29
t2 29 29 29
t3 31 31 31
m0c0 (cal/°C) 106,25 106,25 106,25
Q trungbinh (cal) 106,25

ΔH (cal/mol) 4250 4250 4250
(t 1+t 2)
Q = (moco + mHClCHCl + mNaClCNaCl)(t3 - 2 ) = 106,25 (cal)
Q
ΔH = H = 4250 (cal/mol)
(t 1+t 2)
If t1 ≠ t2 => Δt = t3 - 2
3) Heat of dissolution of anhydrous CuSO4
Temperature First time Second time Third time
o
C
t1 29 29 29
t2 34 34 34
Q (cal) 285,625 285,625 285,625
Q trungbinh (Cal) 285,625
ΔH (cal/mol) -11425 -11425 -11425
Q = (m0c0 + mH2OcH20 + mCuSO4cCuSO4) (t2 – t1) = 285,625 (cal)

Q
ΔH = H = 11425 (cal/mol)
ΔH < 0 because this exothermic process
4) Heat of dissolution of anhydrous CuSO4

Temperature First time Second time Third time
o
C
t1 29 29 29
t2 25 25 25
Q (cal) -228,5 -228,5 -228,5
Q trungbinh (Cal) -228,5
ΔH (cal/mol) 3056,188 3056,188 3056,188
Q = (m0c0 + mH2OcH20 + mNH4ClcNH4Cl) (t2 – t1) = -228,5 (cal)

Q
ΔH = H = -3056,188 (cal/mol)
ΔH > 0 because this endothermic process
III) Questions:
1) The ΔHth of the reaction HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O will

be calculated based on the number of moles of HCl or NaOH
when 25 ml of 2M HCl solution reacts with 25 ml of 1M
NaOH solution? Why?
Answer:
nNaOH = 0.025 mol
nHCl = 2 × 0.025 = 0.05 mol
NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O

0.025 0.025
-> NaOH reacts completely, calculated based on NaOH.
2) If 1M HCl is replaced with 1M HNO3, will the results of

experiment 2 change?
Answer:
-> No, it will not change because both HCl and HNO3 are
strong acids, completely dissociating, and this is a
neutralization reaction.
3)Calculate ΔH3 theoretically using Hess's law. Compare it
with the experimental result. Consider six possible causes of
errors in this experiment:
 Heat loss due to the calorimeter.
 Due to the thermometer.
 Due to the volumetric measuring instruments.
 Due to copper sulfate being hygroscopic.
 Due to taking the specific heat capacity of copper sulfate
solution as 1 cal/mol·degree.
In your opinion, which error is the most significant? Are
there any other causes?
Answer:
 According to Hess's law:
ΔH3 = ΔH1 + ΔH2 = -18.7 + 2.8 = -15.9 kcal/mol = -
15900 cal/mol
 According to the experimental results:
ΔH3 = -11425 cal/mol
→ The difference is too large.
 In my opinion, the heat loss due to the calorimeter
is the most significant because inaccurate and
rapid handling leads to quick heat loss to the
surroundings.
 Anhydrous copper sulfate can absorb moisture; if it
is not taken and weighed quickly and carefully, it
can quickly absorb moisture, affecting the thermal
effect of CuSO4·5H2O.

UNIT 2 Cao Tuan Minh

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UNIT 2 Cao Tuan Minh

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UNIT 2: HEAT OF REACTION

The temperature of hot water and beaker = the

(m0c0 + mc)(t2 – t3) = mc(t3 – t1)

2. Determination of calorimeter constant

4. Heat of dissolution of NH4Cl

II) Result from experiments

2) Determination of calorimeter constant

Q trungbinh (cal) 106,25

ΔH (cal/mol) -11425 -11425 -11425

Q = (m0c0 + mH2OcH20 + mCuSO4cCuSO4) (t2 – t1) = 285,625 (cal)

4) Heat of dissolution of anhydrous CuSO4

ΔH (cal/mol) 3056,188 3056,188 3056,188

Q = (m0c0 + mH2OcH20 + mNH4ClcNH4Cl) (t2 – t1) = -228,5 (cal)

1) The ΔHth of the reaction HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O will

NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O

2) If 1M HCl is replaced with 1M HNO3, will the results of

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