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    Values of The Present Perfect Simple

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    Values of The Present Perfect Simple

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    gzyena99
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    Values-of-the-Present-Perfect-Simple

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    18 views3 pages

    Values of The Present Perfect Simple

    Uploaded by

    gzyena99

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Values of the Present Perfect

    Values Examples

    1. Experiential Perfect (Existential Value)

     expresses what has happened once or more


    than once within the speaker’s/writer’s They have seen this movie.
    experience
     no mention is made of the time when this I have definitely met him before.
    experience took place. Sam has broken my computer twice.
     the meaning is often reinforced by adverbs Have you ever been to the US?
    such as: never, ever, before or the no. of times I have never seen such a majestic cathedral
    (once, twice, three times, etc. ) before.

    !!! If the definite time when the experience A: Have you been to London?
    occurred is mentioned, the speaker shifts from B: Yes, I have.
    Present Perfect to Past Tense A: When did you go?
    B: Oh, last May, that’s when I did.

     The temporal location of some events may be


    very close to the moment NOW, in which case Has the postman called yet?
    we refer to recent indefinite past situations. They have already had breakfast.
    (The Perfect of Recent Past)

    Such examples often contain adverbs like:


    just, already, yet or recently.

    (1) General experiential: He has never liked heavy metal.


    A: Have you ever in your life seen anyone so
    entirely delightful?
    B: Only when I’ve looked in the mirror.

    (2) Limited experiential: Have you had a letter to type today?


    She has already had three proposals this
    morning.

    2. Resultative Present Perfect

     The event presented has visible results at the I’ve broken my glasses. (I can’t read)
    moment of speaking He’s been shot! (He’s dead/injured)
     does not need any adverbial support He’s recovered from his illness. (He is healthy)
     also includes:
    2b. ‘Hot News Present Perfect’

     an instance by means of which some piece of President Jones has been assassinated. He was
    recent news is stated. killed last night in the presidential residence.
     The news is then reported with the help of The assassin was arrested soon after the
    past tense forms. incident.

     The temporal location of such situations is The struggling Romanian soccer club Jiul
    generally mentioned in the second sentence, but Petroşani has experienced what may be one of
    even if it is not, the simple past is still employed the more humiliating moments in recent sports
    at this point in the discourse. history. Last week, the club announced that it
    would trade midfielder Ion Radu to second-
    division club Vâlcea for two tons of beef and
    pork. (Newsweek, March 1988).

    3. Continuative Present Perfect

     the event started in the past and continues up He’s been sleeping for two hours.
    to the moment of speaking I’ve known him all my life.
     Adverbials: For/since It has been snowing since noon.

    (1) Continuous continuative I have been sitting all day.

    (2) Discontinuous continuative (on and off) He has been building the house for the last ten
    years.

    Your turn: Try to identify the values of Present Perfect in the following sentences

    1. I have loved him all my life.


    2. Where have I seen him before?
    3. For all that you’ve suffered I beg your pardon most humbly.
    4. I hope I have made enough tuna salad.
    5. I have fixed the fuse, so there won’t be any more light problems.
    6. I have fixed the fuse at least twice these days.
    7. She has cooked a lavish meal for the newly weds.
    8. The steak has been cooking for an hour.
    9. She has never cooked a meal like that before.
    10. I have called her my dear auntie since I was a little boy.
    11. I have turned on the heat.
    12. I have been to Rome twice.
    13. A: Why are you crying?
    B: I’ve been chopping onion.
    14. The taxi has arrived.
    15. He has been dancing for three hours.

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