Module Guide MPBP012 2024

DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY
UNIVERSITY OF LIMPOPO
BACHELOR OF PHARMACY
(First Year)
BIOPHARMACEUTICS,
PHARMACOKINETICS AND
PHARMACODYNAMICS
MODULE MPBP 012
2024
BPharm Module MPBP 012: Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics: 2022
1. SUMMARY OF LEARNING ACTIVITIES

LEARNING ACTIVITIES TITLE OR DESCRIPTION TOPIC
1.5.1 Practical Skills (Introduction) (Part 1/3) B
PRACTICAL 1.5.1 Practical Skills (Laboratory session) (Part 2/3) C
EXPERIENCES 1.5.1 Practical Skills (Consultation session) (Part 3/3) F
1.5.1 The three phases in pharmacotherapy: B,C

biopharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic and
pharmacodynamic phases
1.5.2 Drug release C
1.5.3 Introduction to biochemistry, hormones, enzymes B
and ligands
1.5.4 Pharmacokinetic calculations B
1.5.5 Drug - receptor interactions B
1.5.6 Pharmacokinetic parameters D
TUTORIALS
1.5.7 Pharmacokinetic calculations
1.5.8 The relevance of pharmacokinetics to drug therapy F
1.5.9 Renal and liver functions D
1.5.10 Drug metabolism
1.5.11 Biopharmaceutical calculations F
1.5.12 Pharmacokinetic calculations C
1.5.13 Therapeutic drug monitoring F
1.5.14 Drug-drug interactions F
A-F
GROUP ASSIGNMENT 1.5.1 Absorption of drugs C
WORKSHOP 1.5.1 Molecular pharmacology B
REFLECTION SESSIONS Reflection A-F
Short written tests
Tutorial Quizzes A-F
Practical Report A-F
ASSESSMENTS End of Module Assessment: Calculations & Practical
A-F
End of Module Assessment: Written Paper
1
2. TIME SCHEDULE
WEEK 1
DATE TIME LEARNING ACTIVITY VENUE STAFF
TOPIC
Tutorial 1: Introduction, Logistics and
MONDAY 08:00 – 12:00 overview of Module MPBP 012 A-F Mohlala
BPharm
15 July 13:00 – 16:00 Tutorial 2: Health care interventions and lecture hall Mohlala
the three phases in pharmacotherapy:
Pharmaceutical, Pharmacokinetics and
Pharmacodynamics
Tutorial 2: Health care interventions and

TUESDAY 09:00 – 13:00 the three phases in pharmacotherapy: BPharm B,D Mohlala
Pharmaceutical, Pharmacokinetics and lecture hall
16 July Pharmacodynamics
Group work and self study Students

13:30 – 17:00
08:30 – 10:30 BPharm Mohlala

WEDNESDAY Introduction to the Group Assignment 1: lecture hall B
Intestinal absorption of drugs
17 July BPharm
10:30 – 12:00 Tutorial 3: Drug release (disintegration, lecture hall Mohlala
de-aggregation and dissolution)
13:00 – 16:00 Students

Groupwork and self study
08:30 – 10:30 Tutorial 3: Drug absorption BPharm

THURSDAY lecture hall B Staff
member
18 July
10:30 – 11:00 Tutorial 3: Drug distribution BPharm
lecture hall
Komape
12:00 – 14:00
2
08:30 – 10:30 Tutorial 4: Biochemistry, hormones, BPharm B,D Chanyand

FRIDAY enzymes, ligands and receptors (part 1) lecture hall ura
19 July 11:00 – 13:00 Intro to molecular pharmacology workshop
(NB: students to prepare power point
presentation and email it to the lecturer
before 8:00am on the day of the
workshop)
Tutorial 5: Biochemistry, hormones,

enzymes, ligands and receptors (part 2)
3
WEEK 2
TOPIC
MONDAY 09:00 -10:30 Computer literacy BPharm C IT Staff
lecture hall
22 July
12:00 – 16:00 Computer Literacy IT Dept. IT Staff
11:30 – 13:30 Tutorial 6 & 7: Pharmacokinetic BPharm B Chanyandur

TUESDAY calculations (Part 1) lecture hall a
Students to be given individual
23 July assignment to be submitted on Friday
12:30 – 17:00 Group work and self-study Students
11:30 – 13:30 Tutorial 8: Pharmacokinetic calculations BPharm B Chanyandur

WEDNESDAY (Part 2) lecture hall a
24 July
09:00 – 11:30 Tutorial 9: Pharmacokinetic calculations BPharm /Chanyandur

THURSDAY (Part 3) lecture hall a
25 July
11:30 – 13:00 Tutorial 10: Biopharmaceutical BPharm Mohlala

FRIDAY calculations lecture hall F
26 July
12:30 – 17:00 Group work and self-study
4
WEEK 3
TOPIC
5
08:30 – 09:00 Submit assignment 1 (intestinal BPharm C Mohlala

MONDAY absorption of drugs) lecture hall
29 JULY 10:00 – 13:00 Tutorial 11: Drug-receptor interactions
Students
14:00 – 16:00 Tutorial 11: Drug-receptor interactions
08:30 – 10:30 Tutorial 12: The relevance of BPharm D Mohlala/Se

TUESDAY pharmacokinetics to drug therapy and lecture hall abi
clinical trials
30 JULY
11:00 – 13:00 Tutorial 12: The relevance of
pharmacokinetics to drug therapy and BPharm
clinical trials lecture hall
14:00 – 16:00 Groupwork and self study Students
WEDNESDAY 08:00 – 12:00 Tutorial 13: Drug metabolism BPharm C Mohlala/Se

lecture hall abi
31 JULY
THURSDAY 09:00 – 12:00 Tutorial 14: Renal and liver functions BPharm Mohlala
01 August lecture hall
09:30 – 11:30 Tutorial 14: Therapeutic drug BPharm F Mohlala

FRIDAY monitoring (TDM) lecture hall
02 August 11:30 – 12:00 TDM written Quiz F Staff
12:00 – 16:00 Computer literacy IT Dept.
6
WEEK 4
DATE TIME LEARNING ACTI\ VENUE STAFF
TOPIC
VITY
MONDAY 09:00 – 10:30 Short written test 1 BPharm D Staff

lecture hall
05 August
08:30 – 13:00 Workshop: Molecular pharmacology BPharm Staff

TUESDAY (Color groups Presentations) (Part 1) lecture hall
06 August
13:30 – 17:00
Group work and self-study
08:30 – 13:00 Workshop: Molecular pharmacology BPharm Staff

WEDNESDAY (Color groups Presentations) (Part 2) lecture hall
07 August
Students
08:30 – 13:00 Reflection and feedback of SWT 01 BPharm Staff

THURSDAY lecture hall
08 August
13:30 -16:00 Self-Study Students
PUBLIC HOLIDAY
FRIDAY (WOMEN’S DAY)
09 August
7
WEEK 5
TOPIC
MONDAY 08:00 – 12:30 Practical Experience 1: Introduction Pharm Lab B NM
12 August
Students
11:30 – 16:00 Practical Experience 2: Laboratory Pharm lab C NM

TUESDAY session Group 1 (green, yellow, blue)
13 August Students
08:30 – 16:00 Practical Experience 2: Laboratory Pharm lab C NM

WEDNESDAY session Group 2 (red, orange, purple)
14 August
NM
THURSDAY 08:00 – 12:30 Practical Experience 1.5.1: Laboratory Pharm lab F
session (Part 3) conclusion
15 August
09:00 – 16:00 Group work and self-study BPharm A-F

FRIDAY lecture hall
Students
16 August
8
WEEK 6
TOPIC
MONDAY 08:00 –10:00 BPharm lecture D Staff
Short written test 2
hall
19 August
11:00 – 16:00
Group work and self-study
Student
s
TUESDAY 08:00 – 16:00 Group work and self-study Student

s
20 August
Submission of group practical report

WEDNESDAY NB: please note that if the report is
Before 12:00 submitted late all group members will
21 August receive half of the total mark the report will
obtain after marking.
08:00 – 11:00 Reflection and feedback of SWT 02 Staff

THURSDAY
13:30 -16:00 Self-Study
22 August Student
s
08:00 – 16:30 Self-Study Student

FRIDAY s
23 August
9
WEEK 7
TOPIC
08:00 – 16:00
MONDAY
Self-Study Student
26 August s
08:00 – 16:00
TUESDAY Self-Study Student
27 August s
08:00 – 16:00 Self-Study

WEDNESDAY
NB: Year mark for the module will be
28 August published on this day before 16:00 it is Student
the student’s responsibility to confirm if s
they qualify for exam or not.
THURSDAY 09:00 – 12:00 EOM: Practical and calculations Exam BPharm lecture Staff
hall
29 AUGUST
12:00 – 16:00 Computer literacy IT Dept. IT Staff
FRIDAY 09:00 – 12:00 EOM: Theory Written paper BPharm lecture Staff
hall
30 AUGUST
12:00 – 16:00 Computer literacy IT Dept. IT Staff
WEEK 8 (EXAM WEEK)
10
TOPIC
08:00 – 16:00
MONDAY
Student
02 Self-Study
s
SEPTEMBER
08:00 – 16:00
TUESDAY Self-Study Student
27 August s
09:00 – 12:00 EXAM PAPER 1

WEDNESDAY
04
SEPTEMBER
08:00 – 16:00 Self Study Student

THURSDAY s
05SEPT
FRIDAY 09:00 – 12:00 EXAM PAPER 2 BPharm lecture Staff

hall
06 SEPT
11
IMPORTANT NOTICE
NB: Please note that computer literacy is compulsory for all BPharm 1 students and it
forms part of the requirement stipulated by the South African Pharmacy Council, and
it is the student’s responsibility to ensure that he/she attend the computer literacy class
and acquire a certificate at the end of the stipulated period.
The time allocated as group work or self-study is not free time for students but it is the
time students need to use to prepare for workshops, write assignments, conclude
practical experiments or consult a lecturer for information etc. Please note that
lecturers have the right to call class at any time indicated as group work or self-study
and also take the attendance register with possible consequences to those who fail to
attend.
2. ASSESSMENT METHODS AND MARK ALLOCATION

The following elements of assessment will be applied and the respective marks allocated as
shown.
ASSESSMENT METHODS % OF FINAL MARK
CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT Percentage Percentage

(%) (%)
Individual assessment:
Pharmacokinetics calculation assignment 5
Tutorial Quizzes 15
Short written test (2) 30
Group assessment:
Group work (excluding final practical report) 2.5
Practical Experience Report 7.5
60
END OF MODULE ASSESSMENT

Practical and calculations paper 8 (20%)
Written paper 32 (80%)
40
FINAL MODULE MARK 100
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4A. STAFF
NAME DEPARTMENT TEL FAX E-mail
Mr. MG Mohlala Department of (015) 268 (015) 268 gorden.mohlala@ul.ac.za
Pharmacy 4009 2325
Ms. Mmakgomo Seabi Department of (015) 268 (015) 268 mmakgomo.seabi@ul.ac.
Pharmacy 2353 2325 za
Dr Yannick Nuapia Department of (012) 268 (015) 268 yannick.nuapia@ul.ac.za
Pharmacy 2353 2325
5. SUBJECT SPECIALISTS AND FACILITATORS

Members of the planning group are the subject specialists. Lecturers may include other
subject specialists or be appointed on a part-time basis.
6. STAFF CONSULTATION
Staff can be seen by appointment, please contact the module coordinators (Mr MG Mohlala
and Dr Yannick Nupia) first. Staff may be seen during the sessions “Group work and/or self-
study” on the time schedule, or by appointment only.
7. BACKGROUND PHILOSOPHY TO MODULE CONSTRUCTION

If we observe the process which we call instruction, we see two parties con-jointly engaged –
the leaner and the teacher. The object of both is the same, but their relations to work to be
done are different……..[The] essential part, the appropriation and assimilation of knowledge
by the mind, can be performed by no one but the learner……[from which]… it follows that he
is in fact his own teacher, and….that learning is self-teaching……The Teacher’s part then in
the process of instruction is that of a guide, director, or superintendent of the operations by
which the pupil teaches himself or herself. (Joseph Payne, 1883)
Preamble
The curriculum is modular and attempts shall be made to have it integrated, both horizontally
and vertically as much as possible, given that not everything can be integrated. There are
several views of integrating a curriculum as shown in the following table, that have been taken
into consideration when developing the curriculum for the BPharm Degree at the University of
Limpopo, Turfloop Campus.
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Ten views for integrating curriculum
Fragmented Connected
This is the traditional model of separate and distinct In this case each subject area, course content
discipline, which fragments the subject area. is connected topic to topic, concept to concept,
Pharmaceutical chemistry: pharmacognosy, one year’s work to the next, and relates ideas
medicinal chemistry, synthetic chemistry, analytical explicitly
chemistry Physical pharmacy: From atoms to medicine
Nested Sequenced
The student within a subject acquires multiple Topics or units of study are rearranged and
skills: a social skill, a thinking skill, and content- sequenced to coincide within one another.
specific skill Similar ideas are taught in concert while
Pharmacy practice/social pharmacy: remaining separate subjects
Bio-pharmaceutics and Pharmacology or
Pathological science and Pharmacology
Shared Webbed
Shared planning and teaching take place in two A rich theme is webbed to curriculum contents
disciplines in which overlapping concepts or ideas and disciplines; subjects use the theme to sift
emerge as organizing elements out appropriate concepts, topics and ideas.
Physiology of the eye and ocular pharmacology; Rational drug use or Drug utilization (WHO
staff teaching physiology of special senses and definition)
ocular pharmacology can team teach.
Threaded Integrated
In this approach, thinking and social skills, multiple This interdisciplinary approach matches
intelligences, technology, and study skills are subjects for overlaps in topics and concepts
threaded through the various disciplines. A study with some team teaching in an authentic
area related to another subject, but goes beyond it integrated model (not quite the same as
in some way. Shared). In this case more disciplines are
Drug delivery system involved after identifying a patterning models
and approach content through these patterns
Immersed Networked
The disciplines become part of the student’s lens The student filters all learning the expert’s eye
of expertise: the students filters all content through and makes internal connections that lead to
this lens and becomes immersed in his or her own external networks of experts in related fields
experience Industrial pharmacy: while making an effort to
Research projects: the student is allowed or guided understand and to adapt pharmaceutical
to choose an area of expert interest and to see all technology for product design, the student
learning through that lens
14
networks with experts in the field and expands

her knowledge base
The intention of the Department of Pharmacy is to adopt international best practice derived
standards set by the Global Federation of Pharmacists and Pharmaceutical Science and
adopted by the South African Pharmacy Council.
Each module content is system based and divided into a number of interdisciplinary blocks
and organized according to basic science. For example, for clinical/pharmacology based
modules, the module content is system based according to the major organ in the body, and
divided into a number of interdisciplinary blocks and organized according to basic science such
as anatomy, biochemistry chemistry and physiology; major disease process (pathology and
pathophysiology), diagnosis and pharmacotherapy and health promotions planned and taught
in a coordinated fashion. The integrity of each subject area, however, remains intact. This will
allow continual growth of knowledge which is problem oriented and relevant new subject areas
without unnecessary addition to the programme.
For the non-clinical based modules e.g. industrial pharmacy, similar concept is also used
where each module content is system based (e.g. good manufacturing practice (GMP) and
divided into a number of interdisciplinary blocks and organized according to basic science such
as mathematics (pharmaceutical calculations), organic chemistry, etc.
In each module a student will be introduced to pharmacy practice experience. This will involve
interactions with other health care professionals, case studies and /or actual clinical cases
within the institutional settings, under appropriate supervision. Clinical skills, where resources
permit, will be interfaced with didactic course work that provides an introduction to the
profession, and continue in a progressive manner leading to entry into the advanced pharmacy
practice experiences in fourth year.
Integrated Learning Model

Modules are developed in accordance with principles of an Integrated Learning Model which
is student centred pedagogy i.e. the activation of self-directed learning that helps the student
make connections across curricula. It attempts to bring together traditionally separate subjects
in Pharmacy so that the student can grasp a more authentic understanding and helps the
student to slowly transit from studying example to solving problems without academic
15
overload. The student, in order to demonstrate interdisciplinary understanding, will bring

together concepts, methods, or languages from for example, Pharmacy Practice and
Pharmaceutical Sciences or established areas of expertise in order to explain a
pharmaceutical phenomenon, solve a problem, create a product, or raise a question. This is
crucial to promote scientific thinking and integrative reasoning skills.
Problem based learning becomes very useful later in the learning process. Problems that
student will face later, often demand contribution from different subject areas and he/she will
learn by experience how information he/she will take from the subjects is interrelated and how
it will assist in solving the problem..
The following diagram summarizes the processes to be followed in order to achieve the
purpose and rationale of the qualification as stipulated in the SAQA document ID 65130
16
SAQA QUAL ID 65130

Pharmacist Exit Level
Outcomes
Curriculum Review
Committee
Non-compartmentalized
Subjects
Relevant Level Exit

OutcomesUnit Standards
Integrated Topics
Important
Integrated
Linkages
1. Sub -Topics
General Learning Objectives
*Detailed Learning Objectives

(DLOs)
2.
Learning Activities (LAs) including

Lectures
Case Studies
Embedded
Assignments
Knowledge
Tutorials
Critical
Practicals/Demonstrations
Outcomes
Individual Posters Preparation
Student Directed Learning
The diagram below shows a concept map describing activities that encourage integrative
learning in many universities in the US which helps a student to understand that the world
outside of the classroom at the university is not a stand-alone.
17
Self-directed Learning
This form of learning will make considerable demands on the student’s ability to ‘direct their
own work. The student has to learn to manage and organize their own learning process,
making use of the opportunities for learning, such as case studies, group work, assignments,
tutorial and lectures with guided notes. Guided notes are lecturer prepared hand-outs that
outline or map lectures but leave ‘blank’ spaces for key concepts, facts, definitions etc. This
is to help the student to fill in the spaces with content as part of their activated self-directed
learning. The guided notes should also help the student follow a lecture, identify its important
points and develop a foundation of content to study and to apply to problem solving and case
studies.
Integrated Assessment
All over the world educators are increasingly convinced of the following:
The intent of instruction is to promote student’s abilities as thinkers, problem-solvers, and

inquirers…….Assessments, if they are to be aligned with current views on instruction and
human learning must more closely resemble meaningful learning tasks and assess the
acquisition of high-level thinking and reasoning abilities as integral to subject matter
knowledge (International Encyclopedia of Education, 1994:370)
18
Assessment is going to be part of the curriculum and the learning programme development.
We cannot assess in an integrated way if we do not teach and learn in an integrated way,
because integrated learning comes before integrated assessment.
Our teaching, learning and assessment activities must be developed as a valid, reliable and
coherent process taking into account;
• Purpose/Rationale/Exit Level Outcomes
• Learning and Teaching strategy
• Fields of Learning and assessment criteria
• Assessment strategy.
The validity of our assessment method will be best achieved by setting authentic or applied
tasks in the learning programme that closely simulate real world contexts. According to the
Council on Higher Education, CHE the questions, “Are we assessing the right things?” and
“Are we assessing things right that are important and provide guidance in terms of the fitness
of and fitness for the purpose of the assessment (CHE, 2001: 114)
Reliability in assessment is about consistency and the extent to which in similar contexts same
judgments can be made in order to analyze statistically (SAQA, 2001:18). Errors may arise
from assessor practice, the environment for the assessment or from the sample of learning
that is to be assessed.
8. INTRODUCTION TO MODULE
TIME PERIOD:
Module MPBP 012 extends over a period of 6 weeks. This period includes the end-of-module
assessment.
GOAL:
While module MPBP 012 integrates concepts drawn from the whole of the pharmacy
programme, biopharmaceutical aspects, as well as pharmacokinetics and
pharmacodynamics form a central theme throughout the module. This theme is regarded as
one of the golden threads of pharmacy and as such will be woven into all future modules,
helping to maintain a balanced view of the practice of pharmacy.
19
Pharmacy is now a patient-centered profession.
PATIENT
PHARMACEUTICAL PHARMACIST
PRODUCT
Pharmacists are members of the health care team. They act to promote health care through
preventive, symptomatic and curative interventions. Whether they are helping to prevent
the loss of good health, alleviate the symptoms of illness or cure disease, pharmacists offer
both non-pharmacological care and pharmacological treatment. In the process they interact
directly with their patients and are involved in the design, manufacture and custodianship of
medicines and related substances.
Pharmacological health care (pharmacotherapy) involves the use of medicines and/or related
pharmaceutical products. When we consider pharmacotherapy we see that it occurs in three
overlapping phases, i.e. the biopharmaceutical phase, the pharmacokinetic phase and
the pharmacodynamic phase.
20
HEALTH CARE INTERVENTIONS
PREVENTIVE SYMPTOMATIC CURATIVE
NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL PHARMACOLOGICAL
BIOPHARMACEUTICAL
PHASE
ENVIRONMENT
PHARMACOKINETIC
PHASE
ILLNESS /
WELLNESS
PHARMACODYNAMIC
PHASE
LIFESTYLE BEHAVIOUR
11
THEME:
In this module the role of the pharmacist in optimal patient care will be discussed, beginning
with preventive care and non-drug therapy and progressing to drug therapy.
The biopharmaceutical phase involves the release of a drug substance from its dosage form.
This step makes it available for local action or absorption into the body. The biopharmaceutical
phase of the drug overlaps with the pharmacokinetic phase, during which the drug
undergoes absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination.
Taking into account the factors which influence the biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic
phases of drug action, drug dosage forms are designed to obtain the desired drug
concentrations at the target sites. This field of pharmacy is known as biopharmaceutics.
Overlapping and continuing beyond the pharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic phases, is the
pharmacodynamic phase of drug action during which the drug exerts its pharmacological
effects on the body.
The learning activities for this module are presented under a number of topics.
TOPIC A: An overview of health care interventions - a pharmacist's perspective

TOPIC B: The biopharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic phases of drug
therapy
TOPIC C: Pharmaceutical factors that influence the release of a drug from its dosage form
TOPIC D: The pharmacokinetic characteristics of drugs
TOPIC E: The relevance of pharmacokinetics to drug therapy
TOPIC F: Factors that influence the pharmacokinetic processes
Mode of Delivery
A multi-method teaching and learning system will be used for this module, and the method
adopted at a specific time will depend on content, topic and available rsources. The teaching
and learning activities will in general include:
Plenary lectures – especially to introduce and wrap up a topic
Laboratory work – could be demonstration or hands-on, as appropriate, and will include the
simulation laboratory and interpretation of laboratory results
Tutorials/group work – based on assigned topics, and in all cases emphasising student
ownership of the learning process, lecturer involvement will be on request of the students,
based on identified need.
Group presentations/seminars on designated topics – with both lecturer and peer

assessment of the presentations
Individual study/student directed learning – protected time for students to study and address
knowledge gaps and also in preparation for presentations.
12
9. INFORMATION FOR STUDENTS

9.1 STUDY OF MEDICINES
The study of efficacious, safe and good quality medicines by pharmacy students includes the
following topics for each drug or class of drugs:
Brief history of discovery and use

Chemistry:
Structure and structure-activity relationships
Physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties
Stability and degradation reactions
Kinetics and processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Mechanism of action
Therapeutic use / indications
Safety:
Contra-indications
Warnings and special precautions
Adverse effects
Interactions
Toxicity as well as symptoms and treatment of overdose
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM)
Quality Assurance:
Formulation aspects
Stability
The role of the pharmacist
Ethical and legal considerations
9.2 STUDY OF DISEASES
The study of diseases includes the following aspects:

1. Definition of the disease (and types, if any)
2. Causes and pathophysiology of the disease
3. Epidemiology of the disease (age, gender, lifestyle, prevalence, location, etc.)
4. Signs and symptoms
5. Diagnosis (clinical, laboratory tests)
6. Prognosis and complications
7. Management (non-pharmacological and pharmacological prevention and treatment)
8. Role of the pharmacist (where applicable)
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10. MIND MAP TO LEARNING OUTCOMES

MODULE MPBP 012
Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
Mind map
An introduction to biopharmaceutics -
processes prior to drug administration;
pharmacokinetics - processes including
drug absorption, distribution, metabolism
and excretion (with emphasis on the
kidney); pharmacodynamics - drug action;
therapeutic drug monitoring
KEY SUBJECTS
 Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options.
 Drug chemistry (ionization and lipid solubility).
 Physiological processes of distribution, metabolism and
excretion as they determine duration of action.
 The role of the pharmacist in monitoring therapeutic drug levels.
UNIT STANDARDS FOR ENTRY LEVEL PHARMACISTS

EL3: Dispense and ensure the optimal use of medicines prescribed to the
patient
EL4: Provide pharmacist initiated care to the patients and ensure the optimal
use of medicine
EL5: Provide education on health care and medicine
EL6: Promote community health and provide related information and advice.
EL7: Participate in research to ensure the optimal use of medicines.
EL9: Practice pharmacy professionally and ethically.
TOPIC A TOPIC B TOPIC C TOPIC D

Overview of health Biopharmaceutical, Pharmaceutical Pharmacokinetic
care interventions – pharmacokinetic and factors that influence characteristics of
a pharmacist’s pharmacodynamic the release of a drug drugs
perspective phases of drug from its dosage form
therapy
TOPIC E TOPIC F
The relevance of Factors that
pharmacokinetics influence the
to drug therapy pharmacokinetic
process
14
11. LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES: TOPICS A-F
TOPIC A
OVERVIEW OF HEALTH CARE INTERVENTIONS - A PHARMACIST'S PERSPECTIVE
SUB E GENERAL LEARNING DETAILED LEARNING LEARNING

TOPICS L OBJECTIVES (GLOs) OBJECTIVES (DLOs) ACTIVITIES (LAs)
Health care 6 Develop an understanding Summarise healthcare interventions, Tutorial: 1 and 2

interventions of the importance of noting that they encompass preventive,
preventive, symptomatic symptomatic (palliative) and curative
and curative measures for interventions. Each of these measures
maintaining good health may involve both pharmacological and
non-pharmacological approaches.
For preventive measures:

• Describe preventive (prophylactic)
measures / interventions.
• Explain the value of prophylaxis
and maintenance of wellness as
opposed to treatment of diseases
and conditions of poor health.
• Explain that this form of intervention
should be encouraged wherever
possible.
• List examples of preventive
interventions, e.g. to prevent
cardiovascular disease,
osteoporosis and others at PHC
level.
Regarding symptomatic interventions:

• Describe symptomatic or palliative
interventions.
• Explain that they are probably the
most common form of treatment.
• List examples of symptomatic
treatment.
• Discuss the limitations of
symptomatic treatment.
For curative interventions:

• Describe curative interventions.
• State that they are not available for
many conditions.
• List examples of curative therapy.
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TOPIC B
BIOPHARMACEUTICAL, PHARMACOKINETIC AND PHARMCODYNAMIC PHASES OF DRUG

THERAPY
SUB EL GENERAL LEARNING DETAILED LEARNING LEARNING

TOPICS OBJECTIVES (GLOs) OBJECTIVES (DLOs) ACTIVITIES (LAs)
Differentiate between the
Biopharma- 4 Differentiate between the biopharmaceutical phase, the Tutorial 2: The three
ceutical 5 three phases: pharmacokinetic phase and the phases in
phase biopharmaceutical phase, pharmacodynamic phase in drug pharmacotherapy:
pharmacokinetic phase therapy. biopharmaceutical,
and the pharmacodynamic pharmacokinetic and
phase. Describe in general terms what these pharmacodynamic
Pharmaco- three phases encompass (overview
kinetic now and details in later topics).
phase Tutorial 5: Introduction to
Explain that the biopharmaceutical biochemistry, hormones,
Pharmaco- phase includes the processes of enzymes and ligands
dynamic disintegration, deaggregation and
phase dissolution. Tutorial 6: Drug/receptor
interactions
Explain that pharmacokinetics involves
absorption and disposition. Disposition Workshop 1: Molecular
encompasses distribution and pharmacology
elimination (consisting of metabolism
and excretion) of drugs. Tutorial 15: Drug - drug
interactions
Explain that pharmacodynamics
includes drug-receptor interactions, the Tutorial 2
therapeutic effects of drugs (desired
effects) and the side effects/adverse
effects of drugs (additional effects).
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TOPIC C
PHARMACEUTICAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE RELEASE OF A DRUG FROM ITS DOSAGE
FORM
SUB TOPICS E GENERAL DETAILED LEARNING LEARNING

L LEARNING OBJECTIVES (DLOs) ACTIVITIES (LAs)
OBJECTIVES
(GLOs)
Disintegration 4 Describe the Explain the disintegration of solid Group assignment 1:

5 importance of dosage forms. Intestinal absorption of
Deaggregation disintegration, drugs
deaggregation and Describe the factors that influence the
Dissolution dissolution on drug rate of disintegration and how these Practical Experience:
absorption. can be modified. Laboratory-based (Parts
1-3)
Discuss the significance of altering
disintegration rate. Tutorial 13:
Biopharmaceutical
Explain the deaggregation of particles. calculations
Discuss the significance of Tutorial 3: Drug release

deaggregation to dissolution rate,
hence absorption rate.
Describe the dissolution process.
Discuss the factors which influence the

rate and extent of dissolution.
Explain and apply the Noyes-Whitney

equation.
17
TOPIC D
PHARMACOKINETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF DRUGS
SUB EL GENERAL DETAILED LEARNING LEARNING

TOPICS LEARNING OBJECTIVES (DLOs) ACTIVITIES (LAs)
OBJECTIVES (GLOs)
Drug delivery 5 Discuss the drug delivery Explain that pharmacokinetics includes Tutorial 8:
process 7 process (LADMER) a study of the RATES and EXTENTS of Pharmacokinetic
the following characteristics of a drug: parameters
Drug half-life absorption, disposition (distribution and
elimination: metabolism and excretion).
Tutorial 9: the relevance
Discuss the PHARMACOKINETIC of pharmacokinetics to
PARAMETERS used to assess the drug therapy
above characteristics.
Explain the process of drug

DISTRIBUTION and the factors that
can influence this process.
Explain how the rates and extents of

drug DISTRIBUTION are influenced by
factors including:
 Lipid-water partitioning
 pH partitioning
 Tissue perfusion
 Plasma protein binding
 Tissue binding and sequestration
 Physiological barriers (blood-brain
barrier, placental barrier)
 Active transport mechanisms
 Age and disease
Understand the term “apparent volume
of distribution” (Vd)
Explain that ELIMINATION includes the

processes of metabolism and excretion.
Describe the term “CLEARANCE” of a

drug and its significance in dosage
regimens.
Describe the term “ELIMINATION

HALF-LIFE” of a drug and its
importance in the determination of
dosage regimens.
Differentiate between the

“ABSORPTION HALF-LIFE” and the
“elimination half-life” of a drug.
Calculate elimination half-life using the

apparent VOLUME OF DISTRIBUTION
and clearance
18
Biological/elimination
half-life
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE PHARMACOKINETIC PROCESS
SUB TOPICS E GENERAL LEARNING DETAILED LEARNING LEARNING

L OBJECTIVES (GLOs) OBJECTIVES (DLOs) ACTIVITIES (LAs)
4 Discuss drug absorption

5 and the factors that
6 influence this process.
Discuss the concept of Explain the concept of bioavailability Tutorial part 1-3:
bioavailability (F). Pharmacokinetic
calculations
Indicate how bioavailability is
determined and expressed.
Assignment 1:
List the important factors that influence Intestinal absorption of
bioavailability. drugs
Explain that the absorption process

does not occur during the intravenous
administration of drugs.
Explain that drugs that are applied

topically for their local effects are also
absorbed systemically to varying
degrees.
19
TOPIC E
THE RELEVANCE OF PHARMACOKINETICS TO DRUG THERAPY
SUB GENERAL LEARNING DETAILED LEARNING LEARNING

TOPICS E OBJECTIVES (GLOs) OBJECTIVES (DLOs) ACTIVITIES (LAs)
L
Pharmaco- 2 Explain the importance of Explain that it is necessary to measure

kinetics 4 pharmacokinetic the rates and extents of the Interactive Tutorial 9: The
5 processes in designing an pharmacokinetic processes in order to relevance of
6 effective dosage regimen. design dosage regimens to achieve pharmacokinetics to drug
therapeutic (as opposed to sub- therapy
therapeutic or supra therapeutic) levels
of drugs at their sites of action in the Tutorial 1.5.7: the
body. relevance of
pharmacokinetics to drug
Using a graph depicting serum/plasma therapy
drug concentrations over time following
the administration of a single dose of a
drug, differentiate between sub-
therapeutic, therapeutic and supra
therapeutic blood levels.
Therapeutic Discuss the relationship between blood

range levels and pharmacological effects of
drugs.
Explain what is meant by the term

“therapeutic range” of the drug. Tutorial 4:
Pharmacokinetic
Describe how the rates at which a drug calculations
is absorbed, distributed, metabolised
and excreted are expressed by the
terms “clearance” and “half life”.
Tutorial 7:
Explain the relationship between Pharmacokinetic
volume of distribution, clearance, half- calculations
life and dosing interval.
Illustrate how the half-life can be use to

estimate the time needed to reach
steady state plasma concentrations.
Differentiate between plasma and

serum concentrations.
Identify that the plasma concentration is

related, not necessarily linearly, to the
pharmacological effect of the drug.
Discuss the beneficial effects of a

loading dose.
Legal Discuss the legal aspects of supplying

consideration chronic medication without a
s of prescription.
prescribing to
the Discuss the legal aspects of scheduled
chronically ill drugs, when dispensing a prescription
containing prescribed drugs.
20
TOPIC F
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE PHARMACOKINETIC PROCESS
SUB GENERAL LEARNING DETAILED LEARNING LEARNING
TOPICS E OBJECTIVES (GLOs) OBJECTIVES (DLOs) ACTIVITIES (LAs)
L
Discuss drug metabolism Discuss:

 Sites of drug metabolism (liver).
 The implications of drug Tutorial 10 and 11: Drug
biotransformation (activation of pro- metabolism
drugs, inactivation of drugs, active
and inactive metabolites, increased
water solubility).
 The phases of drug metabolism
and the basic mechanisms.
 Enzyme saturation and competition.
 Enzyme induction and inhibition
(and the implications in food/drug
and drug/drug interactions).
 The first pass effect.
 Liver impairment and dosage
adjustments.
 Effects of age and disease on drug
metabolism.
 Genetic variations in drug
metabolism.
 Drug-induced liver disease.
 Discuss standard liver function
tests.
Explain how changes in the normal

rates and extents of metabolism
influence drug dosages.
Discuss the anatomy and Discuss:

physiology of the kidney  The role of the kidney in drug Tutorial 14: TDM
and its role in drug excretion (with emphasis on the
excretion anatomy and physiology of the Tutorial 11: Renal and
kidney). liver functions
 The factors that influence the rates
and extents of drug excretion.
 The changes in the rates and Tutorial 4, 7 and 14
extents of drug excretion due to
age, reduced kidney function and
drug toxicity.
 Discuss standard kidney function
tests.
 Define the term “substitution” and
differentiate between generic
pharmaceutical and therapeutic
substitution
Discuss the implications of Define the term “multisource

multisource pharmaceutical products” and
pharmaceutical differentiate between pharmaceutical
products/drug substitution equivalents, alternatives and
therapeutic equivalents
21
Define the term ‘bioequivalence’
Explain the legal implications of

substituting prescription drugs.
List drugs that are not substitutable
TOPICS A-F
Tutorial 15: Drug-drug interactions
22
12. LEARNING ACTIVITIES
PRACTICAL EXPERIENCES
PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE 1 PRACTICAL SKILLS (LABORATORY-BASED)
During this practical students will be expected to conduct four experiments in a laboratory.
After this practical students will submit a group report that will be assessed.
Experiment A: The effect of agitation intensity on the dissolution rate of paracetamol.

Experiment B: The drawing up of a specification sheet for the physical parameters of a
tablet.
Experiments A-B will be carried out in small groups on a rotational basis.
There will be a consultation session that has to be arranged with the staff involved. Each
group will be required to hand in one laboratory report of the experiments conducted. This
report will contribute towards the assessment mark for the module.
Pre-Reading:
Aulton, M.E. (Editor). Pharmaceutics. The Science of Dosage Form Design. Second Edition.
London: Churchill Livingstone. pp 17-23; 24-29; 152-165; 174-180; 197-200; 205-208.
TUTORIALS
TUTORIAL 2: THE THREE PHASES IN PHARMACO-THERAPY: BIOPHARMACEUTICAL,

PHAR-MACOKINETIC AND
PHARMACODYNAMIC
Pre-Reading:
Brenner, G.M. Pharmacology. 2nd Edition. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company. pp 9-33.
Aulton, M.E. (Editor). Pharmaceutics. The Science of Dosage Form Design. 2nd Edition.
London: Churchill Livingstone. pp 213-216.
Howland, R.D., Mycek, M.J. Lippincott’s illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology. 3rd Edition.
Philadelphia, PA. USA: Lippincott-Raven Publishers. pp 29-33.
Neal, M.J. Medical Pharmacology at a Glance. 4th Edition. Oxford: Blackwell Science. pp 10-
15.
TUTORIAL 3: DRUG RELEASE
During this tutorial the following aspects will be covered:

 Dissolution of drug in the aqueous phase surrounding the site of administration is a
major rate-limiting step;
 Dissolution rate as described by the Noyes-Whitney equation:
dc/dt = (KDA/h) (Cs – Ct);
23
 The diffusion layer model;

 Formulation manipulations to increase and decrease dissolution rates and
 Other rate limiting steps in the dissolution process.
Pre-Reading:
London: Churchill Livingstone. pp 8; 20; 152; 234-235; 237.
Hamman, J.H. Oral drug delivery. Biopharmaceutical Principles, Evaluation and optimization.
Pretoria: Content solutions. 255 p.
TUTORIAL 4: PHARMACOKINETIC CALCULATIONS (PART 1/3)
During this tutorial basic pharmacokinetics calculations related to the following will be
discussed:
• logarithms,
• zero- and first-order kinetics,
• pharmacokinetic models,
• plasma concentration,
TUTORIAL 5: INTRODUCTION TO BIOCHEMISTRY, HORMONES, ENZYMES, LIGANDS

AND RECEPTORS
This tutorial will be used to introduce students to basic information and principles of
biochemistry necessary as background.
Pre-Reading:
Brenner, G.M. Pharmacology. 2nd Edition. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company. pp 27-32.
Devlin T.M. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations. 4th Edition. John Wiley &
Sons Ltd. pp 24-29, 39-49, 128-139, 148, 840-842, 859-866.
Katzung, B.G. (Editor). Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. 9th Edition. Stanford, CT, USA:
Appleton & Lange. pp 11-33.
9.
Sherwood, L. Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems. 4th Edition. Belmont: Wadsworth
Publishing Company. pp 70-78.
TUTORIAL 6: DRUG-RECEPTOR INTERACTIONS
This tutorial will explain drug/receptor interactions.
Note: Students to collect package inserts of drugs and bring with to the tutorial
Pre-Reading:
Brenner, G.M. Pharmacology. 2nd Edition. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company. pp 27-33;
39-42.
Craig, C.R., Stitzel, R.E. Modern Pharmacology with Clinical Applications. 5th Edition. Boston,
MA: USA Little, Brown and Company. pp 3-13
Katzung, B.G. (Editor). Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. 9th Edition. Stanford, CT, USA:
Appleton & Lange. pp 11-16.
24
11.
TUTORIAL 9: THE RELEVANCE OF PHARMACOKINETICS TO DRUG THERAPY
This tutorial illustrates the relationships between plasma concentrations and response. The
difference between the plasma concentrations vs time profile after a single dose and after
repeated doses is depicted.
The differences between the plasma concentration vs. time profiles following intravenous,
intramuscular and oral single doses of a drug are illustrated.
Pre-Reading:
London: Churchill Livingstone. pp 275-288.
Philadelphia, PA. USA: Lippincott-Raven Publishers. pp 18-22
During this tutorial basic pharmacokinetic calculations related to:

• salt factor,
• volume of distribution,
• clearance
TUTORIAL 10: DRUG METABOLISM
The principles of drug metabolism will be reviewed: the phases of drug metabolism, activation
of pro-drugs, inactivation of drugs, active and inactive metabolites.
Pre-reading:
MA: USA Little, Brown and Company. pp 25-35.
TUTORIAL 11: RENAL AND LIVER FUNCTIONS
During this tutorial renal and liver functions will be discussed.

During this tutorial basic pharmacokinetics related to
• plasma concentration at steady state for multiple oral dosing,
• loading dose,
• fractional bioavailability
TUTORIAL 13: BIOPHARMACEUTICAL CALCULATIONS
25
This tutorial will deal with questions related to concentration calculations and setting up of
standard curves.
TUTORIAL 15: DRUG - DRUG INTERACTIONS
During this tutorial an overview of common drug-drug interactions will be dealt with.
Pre-reading:
MA: USA Little, Brown and Company. pp 25-35.
26
13. LIST OF RESOURCES

Act 101 of 1965, Scheduling of drugs – as amended May 2003.
Aulton, M.E. (Editor). Pharmaceutics. The Science of Dosage Form Design. Latest Edition. London:
Churchill Livingstone.
Beers, M.H., Berkow, R. (Editors). The Merck Manual. Latest Edition. New York: Merck Research
Laboratories.
Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacokinetics: Computer-based Programmes.
Brenner, G.M. Pharmacology. Latest Edition. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company.
Craig, C.R., Stitzel, R.E. Modern Pharmacology with Clinical Applications. Latest Edition. Boston, MA:
USA Little, Brown and Company.
Devlin, T.M. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations. Latest Edition. John Wiley & Sons
Ltd.
DiPiro, J.T., Talbert, R.L., Yee, G.C., Matzke, G.R., Wells, B.G., Posey, L.M. Pharmacotherapy: a
pathophysiological approach. Latest Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Dhillon, S. and Kostrzewski, A. (Eds). 2006. Clinical pharmacokinetics. 1st edition. Pharmaceutical
Press
Florence, A.T., Attwood, D. (Editors). Physicochemical Principles of Pharmacy. Latest Edition. London:
The Macmillan Press Ltd.
Hamman, J.H. Oral drug delivery. Biopharmaceutical Principles, Evaluation and optimization. 2nd
edition. Pretoria: Content solutions. 255 p.
Hardman, J.G., Limbird, L.E. Goodman and Gillman’s: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics.
Latest Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Howland, R.D., Mycek, M.J. Lippincott’s illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology. Latest Edition.
Philadelphia, PA. USA: Lippincott-Raven Publishers.
Katzung, B.G. (Editor). Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Latest Edition. Stanford, CT, USA: Appleton
& Lange.
Neal, M.J. Medical Pharmacology at a Glance. Latest Edition. Oxford: Blackwell Science.
Niazi, S. Textbook of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacokinetics. Latest Edition. New York:
Appleton/Century/Crofts.
Pharmaceutical Society of South Africa. Compendium of Laws and Regulations relating to Pharmacy.
Vol. 1. Latest Edition. Durban: Butterworths.
Rang, H.P., Dale, M.M., Ritter, J.M. Pharmacology. Latest Edition. London: Churchill Livingstone.
Reynolds, J.E.F. (Editor). Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia. Latest Edition. London: Royal
Pharmaceutical Society.
27
Sherwood, L. Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems. Latest Edition. Belmont: Wadsworth
Publishing Company.
South African Medical Association. South African Medicines Formulary. Latest Edition. Cape Town:
Health and Medical Publishing Group of the South African Medical Association.
South African Pharmacy Council. Pharmaciae. The sale of scheduled medicines by a pharmacist,
pharmacist intern, pharmacist’s assistant, manufacturer or wholesaler in terms of the Medicines’ and
Related Substances Act, 1965 (Act 101 of 1965). December 2004, 12(3): 18-19.
28
14. SMALL GROUPS

BPharm 1: Working groups for 2022
Green Red
Yellow Orange
Blue Purple
FORMULA SHEET FOR CALCULATIONS IN THE MODULE
29
𝑿𝑿𝑿𝑿
𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍
Kel = 𝑿𝑿
𝒕𝒕
𝟎𝟎.𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔
t1/2 = 𝒌𝒌
X = Xo × e-kt
𝑿𝑿𝑿𝑿
Vd = 𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪
𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻 𝒒𝒒𝒒𝒒𝒒𝒒𝒒𝒒𝒒𝒒𝒒𝒒𝒒𝒒𝒒𝒒𝒒𝒒
𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 =
𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫 𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫 𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔
Drug delivered = Dose × F
Cl = K × V
Xo = Cp × V
Dsalt = D/S
𝑿𝑿𝑿𝑿
𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍
𝑿𝑿
Kel =
𝒕𝒕
LD = Target × Vd
𝑿𝑿𝑿𝑿
Vd =
𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪
Rinf = Css × Cl
𝑿𝑿𝑿𝑿
𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍
𝑿𝑿
t=
𝑲𝑲
NB: Please note you are not limited to these formulas only there are many
formulas to be used in pharmaceutical calculations that you can apply to this
module.
30

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DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY

MODULE MPBP 012

1. SUMMARY OF LEARNING ACTIVITIES

1.5.1 The three phases in pharmacotherapy: B,C

Tutorial 2: Health care interventions and

Group work and self study Students

08:30 – 10:30 BPharm Mohlala

13:00 – 16:00 Students

08:30 – 10:30 Tutorial 3: Drug absorption BPharm

08:30 – 10:30 Tutorial 4: Biochemistry, hormones, BPharm B,D Chanyand

Tutorial 5: Biochemistry, hormones,

12:00 – 16:00 Computer Literacy IT Dept. IT Staff

11:30 – 13:30 Tutorial 6 & 7: Pharmacokinetic BPharm B Chanyandur

12:30 – 17:00 Group work and self-study Students

11:30 – 13:30 Tutorial 8: Pharmacokinetic calculations BPharm B Chanyandur

12:00 – 17:00 Group work and self-study Students

09:00 – 11:30 Tutorial 9: Pharmacokinetic calculations BPharm /Chanyandur

12:30 – 17:00 Group work and self-study Students

11:30 – 13:00 Tutorial 10: Biopharmaceutical BPharm Mohlala

12:30 – 17:00 Group work and self-study

08:30 – 09:00 Submit assignment 1 (intestinal BPharm C Mohlala

14:00 – 16:00 Tutorial 11: Drug-receptor interactions

08:30 – 10:30 Tutorial 12: The relevance of BPharm D Mohlala/Se

14:00 – 16:00 Groupwork and self study Students

WEDNESDAY 08:00 – 12:00 Tutorial 13: Drug metabolism BPharm C Mohlala/Se

12:30 – 17:00 Group work and self-study

09:30 – 11:30 Tutorial 14: Therapeutic drug BPharm F Mohlala

12:00 – 16:00 Computer literacy IT Dept.

MONDAY 09:00 – 10:30 Short written test 1 BPharm D Staff

08:30 – 13:00 Workshop: Molecular pharmacology BPharm Staff

08:30 – 13:00 Workshop: Molecular pharmacology BPharm Staff

08:30 – 13:00 Reflection and feedback of SWT 01 BPharm Staff

11:30 – 16:00 Practical Experience 2: Laboratory Pharm lab C NM

08:30 – 16:00 Practical Experience 2: Laboratory Pharm lab C NM

09:00 – 16:00 Group work and self-study BPharm A-F

TUESDAY 08:00 – 16:00 Group work and self-study Student

Submission of group practical report

08:00 – 11:00 Reflection and feedback of SWT 02 Staff

08:00 – 16:30 Self-Study Student

08:00 – 16:00 Self-Study

WEEK 8 (EXAM WEEK)

DATE TIME LEARNING ACTIVITY VENUE STAFF

09:00 – 12:00 EXAM PAPER 1

08:00 – 16:00 Self Study Student

FRIDAY 09:00 – 12:00 EXAM PAPER 2 BPharm lecture Staff

2. ASSESSMENT METHODS AND MARK ALLOCATION

ASSESSMENT METHODS % OF FINAL MARK

CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT Percentage Percentage

END OF MODULE ASSESSMENT

5. SUBJECT SPECIALISTS AND FACILITATORS

7. BACKGROUND PHILOSOPHY TO MODULE CONSTRUCTION

Ten views for integrating curriculum

networks with experts in the field and expands

Integrated Learning Model

overload. The student, in order to demonstrate interdisciplinary understanding, will bring

SAQA QUAL ID 65130

Relevant Level Exit

*Detailed Learning Objectives

Learning Activities (LAs) including