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    Rainwater Harvesting PPDF

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    vardhanxy

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    Rainwater Harvesting PPDF

    Uploaded by

    vardhanxy
    3 views44 pages

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    3 views44 pages

    Rainwater Harvesting PPDF

    Uploaded by

    vardhanxy

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 44

    WATER HARVESTING TECHNIQUE

    INTRODUCTION

    • Rainwater harvesting is a technology used for collecting and storing rainwater for human
    use from rooftops, land surfaces or rock catchments using simple techniques such as jars
    and pots as well as engineered techniques.

    • Rainwater harvesting has been practiced for more than 4,000 years, owing to the temporal
    and spatial variability of rainfall.

    • It is also a good option in areas where good quality fresh surface water or ground water is
    lacking.

    • Water harvesting enables efficient collection and storage of rainwater.


    IMPORTANCES OF WATER HARVESTING

    ➢ Improvement in the quality of ground water

    ➢ Rise in the water levels in wells and bore wells that are drying up

    ➢ Mitigation of the effects of drought and attainment of drought proofing

    ➢ An ideal solution in areas having inadequate water resources

    ➢ Reduction in the soil erosion as the surface runoff is reduced

    ➢ Decrease in the choking of storm water drains and flooding of roads

    ➢ Saving of energy to lift ground water


    Rain water harvesting

    (a) Roof top water harvesting: Water collected from roof tops, courtyards and similar
    compacted or treated surfaces is used for domestic purpose or garden crops.

    (b) Micro-catchment water harvesting : It is a method of collecting surface runoff from a


    small catchment area and storing it in the root zone of an adjacent infiltration basin. The
    basin is planted with a tree, a bush or with annual crops.

    (c) Macro-catchment water harvesting: it is also called harvesting from external


    catchments is the case where runoff from hill-slope catchments is conveyed to the
    cropping area located at foothill on flat terrain.
    Micro catchment water harvesting

    Macro catchment Micro catchment


    Runoff Harvesting
    Runoff Harvesting classified into two terms that are long term and short term water Harvesting.

    Short Term Runoff Harvesting


    Structure
    1. Contour Bund
    2. Semi-circular Hoop
    3. Trapezoidal Bund
    4. Graded Bund
    5. Rock Catchment
    6. Ground Catchment
    Contour Bund
    Semi-circular Hoop
    Trapezoidal Bund
    Graded Bund
    Rock Catchment
    Long Term Runoff Harvesting
    Dugout Pond
    Irrigation Dam
    Farm Pond
    Percolation Dam
    Flood Water Harvesting
    Flood water harvesting can be defined as the collection and storage of creek flow for irrigation
    use. Flood water harvesting, also known as ‘large catchment water harvesting’ or ‘Spate
    Irrigation.

    Flood Water harvesting may be classified into two forms

    In case of ‘flood water harvesting within stream bed’, the water flow is dammed and as a
    result, inundates the valley bottom of the flood plain. The water is forced to infiltrate and the
    wetted area can be used for agriculture or pasture improvement.

    In case of ‘flood water diversion’, the wadi water is forced to leave its natural course and
    conveyed to nearby cropping fields.
    Flood Water Harvesting
    Characteristic's of water spreading
    Water Spreading Bunds
    Flood Control reservoir
    Groundwater Harvesting

    ➢ Groundwater harvesting is a rather new term and employed to cover traditional as well as
    unconventional ways of ground water extraction.

    ➢ Qanat systems, underground dams and special types of wells are a few examples of the
    groundwater harvesting techniques.

    ➢ Groundwater dams like ‘Subsurface Dams’ and ‘Sand Storage Dams’ are other fine
    examples of groundwater harvesting.

    ➢ They obstruct the flow of ephemeral streams in a river bed; the water is stored in the
    sediment below ground surface and can be used for aquifer recharge.
    Qanat System
    Thankyou
    Water
    harvesting

    Rainwater Runoff/Flood Groundwater


    harvesting harvesting harvesting

    Roof tops Short term Long term


    harvesting
    Contour bund Dugout pond
    Micro Semi circular Embankment type
    catchment hoops reservoir
    Macro Trapezoidal bunds Irrigation dam
    catchment Graded bunds Silt detention dam

    Rock catchment High level pond


    Ground catchment Farm pond
    Design Criteria of Water Harvesting Structure

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