Manual

PIKTRNIK
User's Manual
for the
Motor Controller Family
SAC
SAC1
SAC4
SAC30
SAC40
SAC41
SAC50
SAC60
SACTERM V1.0.4.0
Piktronik d.o.o.
Cesta k Tamu 17
2000 Maribor
Slovenia
www.piktronik.com
info@piktronik.com
May 2015
SAC User's Manual Piktronik d.o.o.
Table of Contents
1.SACTERM - PC user interface...........................................................................................4
1.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................4
1.2 Establishing connection..............................................................................................4
1.3 User interface layout description................................................................................4
Toolbar schortcuts.........................................................................................................6
Menu options description...................................................................................................6
File.................................................................................................................................6
Load parameters [CTRL-O].......................................................................................6
Save parameters [CTRL-S].......................................................................................6
Exit.............................................................................................................................7
Edit.................................................................................................................................7
Copy all [CTRL-C].....................................................................................................7
Tools..............................................................................................................................7
General Options........................................................................................................7
Comm Auto Detect...........................................................................................7
Auto scan..........................................................................................................7
Double check parameters.................................................................................7
Language setting..............................................................................................7
Additional options.............................................................................................7
Read data [CTRL-R].............................................................................................8
Write data [CTRL-W].............................................................................................8
Read entire block [CTRL-SHIFT-R]......................................................................8
Settings..........................................................................................................................8
Help...............................................................................................................................9
Manual [F1]...............................................................................................................9
About [F2]..................................................................................................................9
1.3.1 Diagnostics page.................................................................................................9
Read parameter log [CTRL-L].................................................................................10
Parameters page.........................................................................................................11
Parameter protection...................................................................................................12
Tools\ Parameter Locking...................................................................................12
1.4 Accessing the features............................................................................................13
1.5 Communication port settings....................................................................................13
2.Settings.............................................................................................................................14
2.1 Motor control set-up..................................................................................................14
2.1.1 Motor type selection..........................................................................................14
2.1.2 Motor parameters set-up...................................................................................14
2.1.3 Auto-tuning........................................................................................................15
Motor auto tuning....................................................................................................15
Mechanical sensor auto tuning...............................................................................16
2.1.4 Settings for the induction motor........................................................................17
2.1.4.1 Magnetizing inductance.............................................................................17
2.1.4.2 High speed mode (HSM) and Low speed mode (LSM).............................18
2.1.4.3 MAX RATIO ISQ/ISD.................................................................................18
2.1.4.4 MINIMAL ISD CURRENT..........................................................................18
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2.1.4.5 ISD CURRENT AT LOWSPEED (V1.40)..................................................18

2.1.4.6 FLUX ESTIMATOR TIME CONSTANT FOR LOW SPEED......................19
2.1.5 Settings for the permanent magnet synchronous motor...................................19
2.1.5.1 Magnetizing flux.........................................................................................19
2.1.5.2 Field weakening.........................................................................................20
2.2 Operating modes......................................................................................................20
2.3 Potentiometer mode selection..................................................................................21
2.3.1 Unipolar mode...................................................................................................22
2.3.2 Bipolar mode.....................................................................................................22
2.3.3 EV mode............................................................................................................23
2.3.4 Potentiometer parameters.................................................................................23
2.4 Slope limiter..............................................................................................................24
2.5 Direction input (INP1)...............................................................................................25
2.6 Auto power-off and Auto enable...............................................................................25
2.7 Switching frequency..................................................................................................25
2.8 Under-voltage and Over-voltage protection.............................................................26
2.9 Thermal protection of the controller..........................................................................27
2.10 Thermal protection of the motor.............................................................................27
2.11 Constant speed operation......................................................................................28
2.12 Speed regulator......................................................................................................29
2.13 Speed limit..............................................................................................................29
2.14 CAN mode..............................................................................................................29
2.14.1 Baud-rate setting.............................................................................................30
2.14.2 Variable scaling...............................................................................................30
2.14.3 Time-out..........................................................................................................32
2.14.4 Period for variables that are to be send periodically from controller...............32
2.14.5 BaseID setting.................................................................................................33
2.14.6 CAN messages................................................................................................33
2.14.7 CAN operation setup.......................................................................................34
2.14.8 CAN Operation................................................................................................34
2.14.9 Generator principle..........................................................................................35
Maximum power tracking........................................................................................35
2.15 Motor Controller Parameters..................................................................................36
3.Errors.................................................................................................................................44
4.Warnings...........................................................................................................................48
5.Technical specifications....................................................................................................49
6.Connection diagram..........................................................................................................50
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1. SACTERM - PC user interface
1.1 Introduction
SACTERM is aimed for the communication with the motor controller SAC. This software
tool can be used for the following tasks:
● drive operation monitoring,
● parameter management (editing, uploading, downloading, saving and loading),
● controller history investigation.
SACTERM is a MS Windows program, which runs under Windows 98, Windows 2000,
Windows XP and Vista and requires .NET 2.0 framework to operate.
For the hardware connection between the motor controller and the PC computer see the
connection diagram for the motor controller SAC in the chapter 6.
1.2 Establishing connection

Before starting the program, please check if the communication cable is connected to the
controller and the serial interface is correctly installed.
When SACTERM is started, it checks for available communication ports, shown under
Settings menu. By default the program checks if the device is present on any of the
available communication ports. Each check is shown with “o” next to Online/Offline status.
After switching on the power to the controller, the status should change to Online showing
on which communication port is the device recognized. Please check the troubleshooting
section when the status remains Offline after start.
Tip: By clicking Online/Offline status, the controller can be logically
disconnected/connected.
1.3 User interface layout description

Title bar
Menu bar
Toolbar
Page selector
Parameter page
Status bar
Fig. 1: SACTERM user interface showing parameter page
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Starting SACTERM.exe opens the user interface with only the page Main available. In this
mode one can monitor the drive operation, but there is no user interaction possible.
Changing the controller/drive behavior is enabled when appropriate PIN code is entered
(See Accessing the features).
The main display is divided into Title bar on top, followed by Menu bar, and graphics
Toolbar. The main part of the user interface is divided into pages displaying controller
status and settings. Additional information and status bar is provided at the bottom.
Pages are divided into:
Main – Displays controller voltages, currents, temperatures, reference points..
Diagnostics – History of errors occurred to the controller.
Parameters – Controller parameter table (user level 1 and more)
Menu structure on the top depends on the operation mode and currently displayed page.
The Toolbar enables quick access to most commonly used features, such as reading /
writing parameters to disk. The additional buttons are provided for reading and writing the
parameters to the device.
The Main page (Fig. 9) gives access to the most important SAC variables such as
voltages, currents, RPM, temperature and potentiometer position.
The variables are presented in the
table form, where in the first
column is variable number,
followed by its name, current
value, unit and finally short
description. The data is refreshed
automatically periodically when the
controller is powered.
On the bottom of the Main page is
status line, which reports the
controller current activity
(INVERTER ON / INVERTER
OFF). In case of controller faults,
they are shown in the red color.
Please see the error codes section
for possible errors
Fig. 2: SACTERM user interface - Main page
Warnings
In the status line also warnings are shown, they occur when one of the operation points is
out of the optimal range. There are:
-Battery voltage too low, Battery voltage too high, motor temperature too high, controller
temperature too high, current overload, overspeed, power too high, battery current to high.
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Toolbar schortcuts
Table 1.1: SACTERM Toolbar Icon Descriptions
Icon Description
Loads the parameters from a file [Ctrl-O].
Saves the parameters to a file [Ctrl-S].
Read the parameters from the device [Ctrl-R].
Write the parameters to a device [Ctrl-W].
Menu options description

Menu is divided in following sections:
File Edit Settings Tools Help
Manual and access level activation (license)
Exchange data and control the SAC.
Communication channel selection
Copy displayed data to clipboard
Operation with data on PC
File
Load parameters [CTRL-O]

Serves to load saved parameters from disk. The option is available only in Parameters
page. When the controller is Online, it is possible to write complete parameter set to the
controller by selection Write button on popup dialog (see Fig. 7)
Note: To import parameter file with extension “.edf”, one needs to select the extension in
Load dialog box. After selection the correct controller type needs to be selected. After
loading the parameter file all values needs to be checked if import is successful. We
recommend that this operation would be performed by controller manufacturer.
Save parameters [CTRL-S]

It is used to save the parameters to disk. The option is available in Parameters page and
when the data is loaded from the file before or from the SAC.
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Exit
Exits the application.
Edit
Copy all [CTRL-C]

The data displayed on the page is copied as text to clipboard and transferred to other
application available for documentation and later inspection.
Tools
General Options
Comm Auto Detect

The inverter connected on serial channel can be automatically detected when the setting is
applied. The setting can lead to slow connection when there are many available
communication channels. When there are more than one controllers connected on one PC
it is recommended to disable this setting to avoid ambiguity.
Auto scan
When the option is selected, the available list of communication channels are continuously
scanned when the controller is not detected. That feature enables to detect new SAC-USB
interface without restarting SACTERM.
Double check parameters

This option ensures that parameters and data are correctly transferred and stored. It is
recommended to enable this option when firmware is older than 1.39.
Language setting
Language can be set from menu Tools/Options. Currently supported is English (Default).
A version in German language can be selected with choosing de-DE.
After the selection is confirmed, the application must be restarted for new settings to be
applied.
Additional options
Show all parameters checkbox. When this option is checked, all possible parameters are
available in parameters page, ready for inspection.
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Fig. 3: Options frame
Read data [CTRL-R]

The command reads the parameters from the device. It is only active when the parameters
page or diagnostics page is displayed. The application checks whether the parameter and
controller version matches loaded configuration.
In diagnostics page it loads the information about the inverter and show the history of
inverter errors that occurred.
Write data [CTRL-W]

The command stores all parameters to the controller. It is only active when the parameters
page is displayed. Please note, that all parameters are set to the controller, not only
visible, and therefore controller behavior can be modified also by non accessible
parameters.
Read entire block [CTRL-SHIFT-R]

The complete image of information in the controller is read and stored to disk. It serves for
later inspection of the complete data set in the factory.
Settings
Menu shows available serial communication channels. Currently selected channel is
shown disabled. Different serial channel can be selected manually even when auto detect
is disabled in options.
Note: The serial interface should be connected before the terminal program is started in
order to recognize the new communication port and avoid unexpected behavior. It is not
recommended to disconnect the communication port while the program is running.
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Help
Manual [F1]
Document with this manual is displayed.
About [F2]
The information about the program version is

displayed. In the PIN section at the bottom, the
user PIN entry is available to enable additional
functionality of the program.
The Load license button serves to load the
license file containing PIN codes. The license file
is copied to the program path. After pressing OK
button, the new PIN is accepted and access is
granted to program options depending on the
level. The level and username is shown in status
bar at the bottom.
When the PIN code is not available, one can get
Fig. 4: About box with PIN entry access by clicking on “Piktronik” button. Then
call the company and they will give you one time
access in case you forgot your PIN code or you having trouble getting the licence.
1.3.1 Diagnostics page

Diagnostics page provides with controller information such as serial number, software
version, number of starts and total running time.
The information is transferred from the controller when the device becomes Online.
Below are two separated columns representing error counters. On the left side the total
count of each error that occurred is shown. On the right side is a history list of recent
errors that occurred. Each line consists of error name, how many times was triggered
consequently, at which operation time was triggered last, and at which start number
occurred last.
Note: The displayed information is possible to copy to clipboard in text format by using
menu File\Edit\Copy All or shortcut <CTRL+C>.
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Fig. 5: Diagnostics page is displaying basic controller information along with

the error history
Read parameter log [CTRL-L]

Controllers can now store the history of parameter changes with firmware version V1.41
revision 187.
Fig. 6: Parameter changes history

After changing the parameters the user who changed the parameters at given operating
time is stored along with each parameter value what is changed. In parameter page the
changed parameter is shown in yellow. By hoovering the mouse cursor on the parameter
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the history of changes is shown. The history one could copy to clipboard by context menu
(right mouse click and selection “copy-all”).
Parameters page
The parameters page shows the list of the parameters separated in groups. Each
parameter is described with its Number and Name, followed by its Value, Unit and finally
with Description. The parameter value can be changed between the minimum and
maximum value.
The values of the parameters are transferred from the controller when the device becomes
Online. If another set of parameters is already loaded, the message box appears allowing
reading the parameters from controller and replacing the data shown in SACTERM by
selecting Read. When Write is selected, the parameter values in SACTERM are
transferred to the controller and replace old. When Offline is selected, the program is
disconnected from the controller allowing changing parameters already loaded in
SACTERM, which does not change any values on the controller.
When the value is not available, the „?“ is displayed. Also when the value is lower than
minimal is shown with sign „_“ and when the value is higher than maximal, sign „-“ is
displayed.
When parameter is out of range when loaded, it is represented with red background. At
load time the comparison with last loaded parameter set is performed. The parameters
which differ are marked with light blue background color. When there are no previously
loaded parameters, all are marked with light blue background color.
All visible parameters can be changed when the controller is Online, one at the time by
clicking to the cell in Value column, and entering new value. Successful change of the
value is displayed on the status bar.
The parameter changed is automatically changed in the controller. Parameters can be
changed also in the Offline mode, but they are not changed in the controller until it is back
Online again, and Write is selected.
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Fig. 7: Parameter page displays the list of parameters along with their settings
Parameter protection
With firmware V1.41 and revision 187 there is a possibility to lock the parameters to user
group. The user with level under 25 can only change unlocked parameters or parameters
locked to his user ID. The user with level up to 90 can unlock the controller parameters
lock, or lock the parameters to his ID.
Tools\ Parameter Locking

On the left side is shown currently lock state with user ID and name. If the parameters are
not locked ID is 0, and message is “UNLOCKED”
Fig. 8: Parameter locking
By clicking on LOCK, the parameters are locked to the ID which is in the same user group.
After performing change, the controller must be restarted.
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1.4 Accessing the features

User interface enables access to specific options, parameters and data depending on the
entered user PIN number, which can be found in Help\About menu or accessed with
shortcut F2. Current access level is shown on status bar (L0). After entering the correct
pin, the user name and level is shown on status bar.
PIN code entry
Access level
Comm. Port
Fig. 9: SACTERM About window
1.5 Communication port settings
Serial port can be selected via menu Settings. Some newer notebooks are not equipped
with a COM port anymore. In this case it is possible to use the external COM port
connected to the USB interface. The operation in both cases is identical. Baud rate and
other communication parameters are set automatically.
Selected COM port (COM1, COM2, COM3, etc.) and communication status (Online /
Offline) are always visible in the status line on the bottom of the application window.
Please note that is necessary to start / restart SACTERM after you plug-in USB COM port
interface to the computer in order to succesfully recognize it.
Exit application SACTERM before unplugging the USB COM port interface to prevent
unstable operation.
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2. Settings
2.1 Motor control set-up

Speed sensorless control require more attention to set up the proper operation of the
system. Firstly the motor controller has to be set to operate with the selected motor.
Recommended motor control set-up should follow these steps:

1. motor type selection (see 2.1.1),
2. enter the number of pole pairs,
3. run the auto-tuning procedure (see 2.1.3),
4. manually trim the rest of parameters (see 2.1.4 for the IM and 2.1.5 for the PMSM).
2.1.1 Motor type selection

The motor controller SAC supports two motor types: induction motor (IM) and permanent
magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The motor type has to be selected with the
parameter MOTOR TYPE (see the table 2.1).
Table 2.1: Motor type selection
MOTOR TYPE Description

0 Induction motor (IM)
1 Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM)
2 Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with Hall sensors
(fw 1.40 onwards) or resolver (SAC41 fw. 1.41)
Most of the motor controller functions (such as potentiometer settings, limits, etc) are the
same for both motor types. Of course, the difference is in the motor control and
consequently there are some parameters used only with the IM (in parameter editor they
are marked with *IM) and some parameters are used only with the PMSM (marked with
the *SM). Control for both motors also operate with different switching frequencies (see
the section 2.7).
2.1.2 Motor parameters set-up

The motor controller needs certain motor parameters in order to be able to control the
motor. The table 2.2 shows which motor parameters are needed for the control of the IM
and which parameters are needed for the control of the PMSM.
The most recommended way to obtain motor parameters is the auto-tuning procedure,
which is described in 2.1.3. There are more reasons why to use the auto-tuning. Motor
parameters are usually not written on the motor plate. Furthermore, the stator resistance
parameter value for example depends not only on the motor resistance, but is a sum of the
stator resistance of the motor, cable resistance and the controller internal resistance. For
that reason two identical motor drive systems (SAC + motor) where everything is the same
except the cable lengths (different cable resistance!) would need different stator resistance
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Table 2.2: Motor parameters
Parameter IM PMSM
STATOR RESISTANCE Rs Rs
ROTOR RESISTANCE Rr not used
STATOR INDUCTANCE not used Ls
MAGNETIZING INDUCTANCE Lm not used
STATOR LEAKAGE INDUCTANCE Lls not used
ROTOR LEAKAGE INDUCTANCE Llr not used
MAGNETIZING FLUX not used m
NUMBER OF POLE PAIRS p p
settings.
2.1.3 Auto-tuning
There are two automatic procedures,
– motor auto-tuning available for entire SAC family and
– mechanical sensor tuning:
– HALL sensor (SAC1, SAC4, SAC41 V1.40 onwards)
– Resolver sensor (SAC41 V1.41 only)
When performing the auto-tuning procedures, the motor shaft must be standalone and
able to turn freely.
Caution: During the auto-tuning procedure, the motor shaft will be turning.
Before starting auto-tuning procedure, the parameter 1.09 MAXIMAL STATOR CURRENT
must be set to nominal current of the motor or less.
Motor auto tuning

Auto-tuning is an automatic procedure, which measures motor parameters and sets-up the
current regulator parameters. It is advisable to run the auto-tuning procedure whenever the
motor controller has to be set-up for operation with a new motor type or cables (when the
cable resistance changes significantly). The motor controller is sensitive to the stator
resistance changes, where the stator resistance is being seen as the stator resistance of
the motor together with the motor cable. It is also advisable that auto-tuning procedure is
started with the cold motor.
In order to start the motor auto-tuning procedure, one has to set the parameter
OPERATING MODE to the value which equals the desired operating mode plus 100.
Example: The desired mode is speed control mode with potentiometer (OPERATING
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MODE=0) .
1. Connect PC computer to the motor controller and start PC user interface

SACTERM.
2. Set parameter OPERATING MODE=100, where 100=0+100 (0:desired operating
mode after auto-tuning is speed control mode with potentiometer, 100:autotuning).
3. Turn off the motor controller.
4. Turn on the motor controller (At this point the controller will measure parameters.
This will last for several seconds. Usually you can hear some noise from the motor
during this operation. When the procedure is finished the LED will blink for ten times
cyclically with a pause when the LED is available in the system.
5. Turn the motor controller off and then turn it on again. The motor controller should
be in the desired operating mode now (in this case speed operating mode with
potentiometer).
6. Go to section 2.1.4 and follow further instructions.
Mechanical sensor auto tuning

Before starting mechanical sensor auto-tuning procedure, the motor auto-tuning procedure
or motor tuning must be successful.
Parameter must be set to 1.02 MOTOR TYPE = 2
HALL Sensor auto-tuning procedure
Hall sensors must be connected to the controller and the parameter must be set 4.40
RESOLVER RESOLUTION=0 (SAC41 fw. 1.41).
Resolver auto tuning procedure
Resolver must be connected to the controller and the parameter must be be set properly
4.40 RESOLVER RESOLUTION.
Common steps:
In order to start the mechanical sensor auto-tuning procedure, one has to set the
parameter OPERATING MODE to the value which equals the desired operating mode plus
220.
Example: The desired mode is operating using CAN (OPERATING MODE=4) .
1. Connect PC computer to the motor controller and start PC user interface

SACTERM.
2. Set parameter OPERATING MODE=224, where 224=4+220 (4:desired operating
mode after auto-tuning is speed control mode with potentiometer, 220: mechanical
sensor tuning).
3. Turn off the motor controller.
4. Turn on the motor controller (At this point the controller start turning the motor
slowly, then stopped and started to turn in opposite direction. On the display will be
shown an error CAN BUS TIMEOUT. This will last for several seconds. When the
procedure is finished the LED will blink for ten times cyclically with a pause when
the LED is available in the system and the main switch will turn off.
5. Turn the motor controller off and then turn it on again. The motor controller should
be in the desired operating mode now (in this case CAN operating mode).
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The mechanical sensor tuning procedure will set the parameter 4.17 PAR_K2_ROT
If the auto tuning procedure is not successful, the error message will be shown in the
SACTERM AUTO TUNING ERROR. That may occur when the mechanical sensor is not
operating correctly, is not properly connected, there was not correct parameter setting or
there was mechanical obstacle preventing smooth mechanical shaft turning.
2.1.4 Settings for the induction motor

Rs Lls Llr
Lm Rr
Figure 2.1: Equivalent circuit for IM
2.1.4.1 Magnetizing inductance

In a case of induction motor, the magnetizing inductance is only roughly estimated within
the auto-tuning procedure. It is recommended to carry out the following procedure after the
auto-tuning.
1. Set the parameter MINIMAL ISD CURRENT to 50% of the motor nominal current.
For example: if the nominal motor current was 40A, set the MINIMAL ISD
CURRENT to 20A.
2. Run the motor at approx. 50% of the nominal speed with no load or at the constant
load and read the values imr and isd on the main screen. If the controller is properly
tuned to the motor, these two values should be approximately the same. If the
difference between the two parameters is less than 10%, the magnetizing
inductance is accurately set and you need to return the MINIMAL ISD CURRENT
value back to the original value. In this case the tuning procedure for magnetizing
inductance is concluded, otherwise follow the next step.
3. If the values imr and isd are more than 10% apart, then it is advisable to correct the
MAGNETIZING INDUCTANCE parameter. If the isd is greater than imr, then
MAGETIZING INDUCTANCE is too big, and in the opposite case the MAGETIZING
INDUCTANCE is to small. You need to multiply the MAGNETIZING INDUCTANCE
imr
parameter by value and store the value back to MAGNETIZING
isd
INDUCTANCE parameter.
4. Then reset the motor controller and spin the motor again to verify if the imr and isd
are not more than 10% apart now.
5. If both parameters do match, then you can set the MINIMAL ISD CURRENT
parameter back to the default value (2A) and this procedure is successfully
concluded.
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2.1.4.2 High speed mode (HSM) and Low speed mode (LSM)
The induction motor control operates with two algorithms. One is active at low speeds
(Low Speed Mode - LSM) and the other is active with the high speeds (High Speed Mode -
HSM). Selection between the two modes occurs automatically with regard to the current
motor speed and parameters SWITCH TO HSM and HYSTERESIS FOR SWITCH TO
HSM.
The low speed mode is usually active between the zero speed and 75% of the nominal
speed (This is valid only when the nominal motor voltage approximately equals to the
U dc
supply voltage divided by  2 ( U n≈ ) and the maximal motor torque needed for
2
specific application is not greater than the nominal torque.). For the rest of the speed
range the high speed mode is used. For a custom motor the SWITCH TO HSM parameter
can be calculated as
U battery
SWITCH TO HSM =0.53⋅RPM nominal⋅
U nominal
If you intend to operate the motor with the torque greater than the nominal motor torque,
you may have to decrease the SWITCH TO HSM parameter even more. If this parameter
is to big, you will notice a sudden temporary or permanent lack of the torque at the motor
speed near the transition speed during the acceleration. If this parameter is too small, the
consequence could be instable operation i.e. over current error.
The other parameter HYSTERESIS FOR SWITCH TO HSM introduces hysteresis in order
to minimize the excessive switching between the two modes. Suggested value for this
parameter is 100 RPM.
Note: For proper operation, also the current controller parameters in HSM need to be
setup. Set the HSM current controller D and Q axis parameters to the same values as
LSM controller parameters.
2.1.4.3 MAX RATIO ISQ/ISD

This parameter determines the torque limit and efficiency in the field-weakening region.
Default value: 2.5. For more information see 2.15.
2.1.4.4 MINIMAL ISD CURRENT

This parameter determines the minimal magnetizing current. In implemented motor control
the magnetizing current changes according to the torque command in order to minimize
the motor losses. However, even at the zero torque command there should be the
magnetizing current present in the motor in order for the control algorithm to detect the
motor rotation caused by external torque. This parameter determines the minimal
magnetizing current during the operation. Default value for this parameter is 5 % of the
nominal current.
2.1.4.5 ISD CURRENT AT LOWSPEED (V1.40)

One can set the minimal magnetizing current at low speed. Lower value enables better
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sensor-less operation, but on other hand results in lower dynamic of the system. Normally
this value is the same as MINIMAL ISD CURRENT.
2.1.4.6 FLUX ESTIMATOR TIME CONSTANT FOR LOW SPEED

Basically all today's sensor-less controllers have certain control problems at very low
speeds and the SAC is not an exception. However, with good tuning the SAC can provide
good starting torque as required for electric vehicles. The basic condition is that the motor
parameters are correctly tuned to the motor. Additionally there are some control
parameters that influence the low speed performance. Such crucial parameter is FLUX
ESTIMATOR TIME CONSTANT FOR LOW SPEED. Its role is to determine the slip
frequency at zero speed. If the slip frequency was set to the optimal value, the motor will
develop the maximal possible torque per ampere. The default value for this parameter is
120. The best method to tune this parameter is to measure the motor torque directly or
indirectly and change the parameter in steps of 10 in order to find the maximal torque.
Normally the default value should not be far from the optimal value of this parameter.
2.1.5 Settings for the permanent magnet synchronous motor

Rs Ls
e r= m⋅e
Figure 2.2: Equivalent circuit for PMSM

With the permanent magnet synchronous motor the flux and field weakening conditions
have to be additionally set by the user. It is necessary to check both settings in order to
achieve the stable and efficient operation.
2.1.5.1 Magnetizing flux

Flux of the PMSM is determined by the motor design and its value is essential for the
proper drive operation. Two ways of determining of the flux are presented here. The first
one is the easiest and the most preferred.
● Obtaining the magnetizing flux with SAC

If the MAGNETIZING FLUX parameter value is too big, the motor probably won't
start running. In this case you have to set the parameter to some small value (5
mWb for example). After changing the parameter you have to turn off the controller
and then turn in on again. Now the motor should start. Increase the motor speed to
some value over 500 RPM. Now read the value magnetizing flux from the main
screen. This value should be quite stable. Remember or write down the value and
set the motor parameter MAGNETIZING FLUX to the same value. Turn the
controller off and then on again. Check again the value, since magnetizing flux is
limited relatively to the parameter value. Iteratively the value should stabilize at the
correct value.
● Determining the magnetizing flux from the back EMF
In this case you need to know the back EMF of the motor. You can measure it
between the two motor winding terminals if you spin the motor with the known
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constant speed with the other motor. Lets assume you have measured the effective
back EMF voltage e. The MAGNETIZING FLUX parameter can the be determined
⋅  ≈
e 10 6 e
as MAGNETIZING FLUX = ⋅7.8 , where p is the number of
p⋅RPM  p⋅RPM
pole pairs and RPM is motor speed (revolutions per minute).
2.1.5.2 Field weakening

With the field weakening it is possible to extend the operating speed of the PMSM with
injection of the negative d-axis current. Some motors are more and some less suitable for
field weakening. The field weakening operation can be influenced by a single parameter
called MAX RATIO ISQ/ISD.
Table 2.3: PMSM field weakening setting
MAX RATIO ISQ/ISD Description

less than 1 not valid
between 1.0 and 7.0 ratio
between 7.001 and 8.0 field weakening turned off
With some motors it would be practically possible to reach speeds that are multiple base
speeds. With such high speeds it exists a great danger, that in the case, when the
controller would be for some reason shut down, the induced voltage would rise so high
that it could destroy the inverter. For that reason at the initialization phase the maximal
speed (parameters MAXIMAL FORWARD SPEED and MAXIMAL REVERSE SPEED) are
always checked if they are inside of the safe area. If this is not true, the maximal speed is
internally set to a lower value at which the motor can be safely operated.
2.2 Operating modes
The motor controller SAC is offering different operating modes. With the regard on the
command value input operating modes can be divided into the three groups:
● modes with potentiometer speed/torque command,
● mode with constant speed command value,
● modes with CAN communication1.
Additionally the speed control or the torque control mode can be selected. At least the
controller also offers auto-tuning mode, which is aimed for the automatic parametrization
of the controller.
Operating mode can be selected with the parameter OPERATING MODE. Behavior of
operating modes is not influenced by the motor type selection. Operating modes are listed
in the table 2.4.
1 Not available in standard hardware version
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Table 2.4: Operating modes
Operating Description
mode
0 Speed control operation with analog speed command
(potentiometer). (see the section 2.3)
1 Torque control operation with analog torque command
(potentiometer). (see the section 2.3)
2 CAN bus operation using standard 11-bit ID. Controller data is sent
only on remote request. (see the section 2.14)
3 CAN bus operation using extended 29-bit ID. Controller data is sent
only on remote request. (see the section 2.14)
4 CAN bus operation using standard 11-bit ID. Controller data is sent
periodically. (see the section 2.14)
5 CAN bus operation using extended 29-bit ID. Controller data is sent
periodically. (see the section 2.14)
6 Constant speed operation. Speed command has to be set with
parameter Commanded speed (see the section 2.11)
100-106 Motor parameter auto-tuning mode. It is the same regardless on
operation mode parameter. The difference is that after the
successfully finished auto-tununing procedure OPERATION MODE
parameter value automatically changes to Operating mode-100;
(see the section 2.1.3)
220-226 Mechanical sensor auto-tuning mode. It is the same regardless on
operation mode parameter. The difference is that after the
successfully finished auto-tununing procedure OPERATION MODE
parameter value automatically changes to Operating mode-220;
(see the section 2.1.3)
2.3 Potentiometer mode selection

There are three possible settings for the potentiometer. They can be selected with the
parameter POTENTIOMETER MODE. This is presented in the table 2.5. The unipolar and
bipolar modes can be used either with the speed or torque operating mode, while the EV
mode is suitable only for the torque mode operation.
Table 2.5: Potentiometer modes
POTENTIOMETER MODE Description

0 Unipolar mode (see 2.3.1)
1 Bipolar mode (see 2.3.2)
2 EV (Electrical Vehicle) mode (see 2.3.3)
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2.3.1 Unipolar mode

With unipolar potentiometer mode the command value (speed or torque) can be changed
from zero to the maximal value MAXIMAL FORWARD SPEED for speed mode (or
MAXIMAL POSITIVE TORQUE for torque mode) linearly with the potentiometer position in
positive direction,
and from zero to the minimal value MINIMAL REVERSE SPEED for speed mode (or
MAXIMAL NEGATIVE TORQUE for torque mode).
This is shown in figure 2.3. Forward/reverse operation is selected with the direction input
(INP1) (see the section 2.5). Parameters needed for this mode are shown in the table 2.6.
MIN. MAX.
POTENTIOMETER POTENTIOMETER
0 POSITION 1023
Speed/torque command
Max. positive POSITION

0
speed/torque Pot. position
Speed/torque command
0 Max. negative
0 MIN. MAX. 1023 Pot. position speed/torque
POTENTIOMETER POTENTIOMETER
POSITION POSITION
Figure 2.3: Unipolar potentiometer mode
2.3.2 Bipolar mode

With bipolar potentiometer mode the command value (speed or torque) can be changed
from the maximal negative value ( MINIMAL REVERSE SPEED for speed mode or
MAXIMAL NEGATIVE TORQUE for torque mode ) to the maximal positive value
(MAXIMAL FORWARD SPEED for speed mode or MAXIMAL POSITIVE TORQUE for
torque mode).
Somewhere in the middle there is a zero output zone. The zone position can be
programmed with the parameter NEUTRAL POTENTIOMETER POSITION and the zone
width with the parameter POTENTIOMETER DEAD ZONE. Maximal speeds for positive
and negative direction have to be set separately. The static potentiometer characteristics
for bipolar mode is shown in the figure 2.4. All parameters needed for this mode are shown
in the table 2.6.
Torque/speed command
Max. positive
torque/speed
POT_ZERO_SPEED
POT_MIN
0
0 POT_MAX 1023 Pot. position
Max. negative
torque/speed POT_DEAD_ZONE
Figure 2.4: Bipolar potentiometer mode
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2.3.3 EV mode
This mode is suitable for use with electric vehicles. It works only with the torque mode. The
torque command value output from the potentiometer is bipolar, and this value can change
between the values given with parameters MAXIMAL BRAKING TORQUE and MAXIMAL
POSITIVE TORQUE quadratically with the potentiometer position, where the zero output
potentiometer position can be selected with the parameter NEUTRAL POTENTIOMETER
POSITION. The positive part is intended for acceleration and the negative for breaking.
The static characteristic here has a quadratic form (figure 2.5) . With such a form a
smooth starting from a place and the driving comfort are improved. All parameters needed
for this mode are shown in the table 2.6.The torque sign is depended from the direction
obtained from digital input or over CAN.
Figure 2.5: EV potentiometer mode

Maximal negative torque is set by parameter 1.24 BREAKING TORQUE. The actual value
of the braking torque is depended on on the actual speed. When the speed approaches
zero, the torque is reduced linearly down from double speed to zero at speed set in the
parameter 1.06 COMMANDED SPEED. The purpose of this reduction is to overcome
problems due to oscillations in the measurement of the speed at zero speed.
The torque is set to braking when braking reference is set in both speed directions when
the speed increases over the parameter 1.06.
When CAN is used as reference input in the torque mode, the potentiometer value is
directly obtained from CAN as reference input.
2.3.4 Potentiometer parameters

There are four potentiometer parameters that define characteristic potentiometer positions,
which is measured in quants of A/D converter (range:0 .. 1023). In speed (or torque)
operating mode the meaning of these parameters in dependence of potentiometer mode is
shown in the table 2.6.
Table 2.6: Potentiometer parameters
PARAMETER UNIPOLAR MODE BIPOLAR MODE EV MODE

MIN. potentiometer potentiometer potentiometer
POTENTIOMETER position for zero position for maximal position for maximal
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PARAMETER UNIPOLAR MODE BIPOLAR MODE EV MODE

POSITION speed (or torque) negative speed (or breaking torque
torque)
MAX. potentiometer potentiometer potentiometer
POTENTIOMETER position for maximal position for maximal position for maximal
POSITION speed (or torque) positive speed (or accelerating torque
torque)
NEUTRAL not used center position for potentiometer
POTENTIOMETER zero speed (or position for zero
POSITION torque) torque
POTENTIOMETER not used dead zone for zero not used
DEAD ZONE speed (or torque)
position
EV mode potentiometer setting

The potentiometer parameters should be set as EV mode, together with display GD2 set
for EV mode.
Table 2.7: Potentiometer parameters for EV with GD2 set for EV
No. PARAMETER EV MODE

SETTING
6,01 MIN. POTENTIOMETER POSITION 0
6,02 MAX. POTENTIOMETER POSITION 1023
6,03 NEUTRAL POTENTIOMETER POSITION 512
6,04 POTENTIOMETER DEAD ZONE 1
6,05 POTENTIOMETER MODE 2
2.4 Slope limiter

In addition, potentiometer input can be slope limited. Parameter ACCELERATION
determines acceleration slope and parameter DECELERATION determines deceleration
slope.
If parameters ACCELERATION or DECELERATION are zero then no slope limiting is
active. With parameter value 1 the strongest slope limiting is active and with rising
parameter value the slope limiting is getting linearly weaker for both parameters.
[rpm]
For speed control the slope can be calculated as: SLOPE=RPM 3.454
T [s ]
T is acceleration time and RPM is entered maximum speed.
The integer result is limited between 1 (0.289 rpm/s) and 32767 (eg. 9487 rpm/s)
When firmware version is below 1.39, the slope limiter is not active when using CAN for
reference input.
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2.5 Direction input (INP1)

The direction input is active with the unipolar potentiometer mode and with EV
potentiometer mode. It serves for speed/torque reversing.
Two different modes can be selected with the parameter REVERSE BUTTON/SWITCH
SELECTION (see the table 2.8).
Table 2.8: Direction input mode
REVERSE DESCRIPTION
BUTTON/SWITCH
SELECTION
0 The pushbutton is selected for direction input. To change the
direction with the pushbutton, the pushbutton has to be pressed for
more than 50 ms and then released.
1 The switch is selected for direction input. With the reverse switch
the forward rotation/torque corresponds to open switch contacts
(state OFF) and the reverse rotation/torque corresponds to the
closed switch contacts (state ON).
The actual rotation/torque direction depends on the motor connection to the controller. It is
possible to change the direction by swapping two of the motor phases.
2.6 Auto power-off and Auto enable

This function is activated if the parameter AUTO POWER OFF DELAY has a nonzero
value and the OPERATING MODE parameter is set to value 0 or 1. When this function is
activated, the inverter is automatically switched off when speed command is zero for the
time greater than the time defined with parameter called AUTO POWER OFF DELAY. The
controller is automatically activated with a nonzero commanded value from the
potentiometer.
Table 2.9: Auto enable
AUTO ENABLE DESCRIPTION

0 Inverter is disabled
1 Inverter is enabled at start
3 Inverter is enabled at start, pulses switched off when the command
is zero. (Available at V1.39)
2.7 Switching frequency

The switching frequency depends on the motor type selection and the parameter
SWITCHING FREQUENCY. With this parameter you can select either the normal or
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double switching frequency.
Table 2.10: Switching frequency setting
SWITCHING MOTOR TYPE FREQUENCY (kHz)

FREQUENCY SAC1, SAC40 SAC41 SAC60
SAC4
0 0 (IM) 5.5 7
0 1 (PMSM) 6,7
7 7
1 0 (IM) 11.1 14
1 1 (PMSM) 13.3
Effects of the double switching frequency are following:

● motor current ripple reduction,
● motor losses reduction,
● decreased noise level,
● increased inverter losses.
Note: Double frequency is disabled for SAC40 and SAC60.
2.8 Under-voltage and Over-voltage protection

Under-voltage protection protects the battery from too deep discharging. When the battery
voltage drops into the region of under-voltage limit, the motor current is limited to such a
value that the voltage doesn't drop under the under-voltage limit. This allows the motor
drive still to operate, but the maximal torque(power) will be reduced. As the battery gets
more and more discharged, the available torque (power) is smaller and smaller.
Figure 2.6: Battery discharge and overcharge protection
The zone of reduction can be adjusted and applies on motor current. The actual battery
voltage zone when reduction is started at continuous current can be recalculated as:
MAXIMAL STATOR CURRENT
U MINZ1= UBAT MIN ZONE
I max
Similar the UBAT MIN ZONE (Parameter in SACTERM) is:
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I max
UBAT MIN ZONE = U ,
MAXIMAL STATOR CURRENT MINZ1
where UMINZ1 is required voltage range where the current limitation is effective. Simplified
for typical maximal stator currents:
UBAT MIN ZONE =K SACx U MINZ1

Table 2.11: Absolute current computation values. Note that these values are not maximum controller ratings.
Controller type Imax (A) MAXIMAL STATOR KSACx

CURRENT
SAC 1 212 60/75/90 3.53/2.83/1.67
SAC 4 424 205 2.07
SAC 40 424 240 1.77
SAC 41 566 240 2.36
SAC 50 566 240 2.36
SAC 60 566 330 1.71
Approximately the same is true for the over-voltage protection. When the motor is running
in the generative mode and the voltage gets close to maximum-voltage limit, the torque
becomes limited in order to keep the voltage under the maximum-voltage limit.
Additionally to the under-voltage and over-voltage limits there exist under-voltage and
over-voltage trips as well. These two trips turn the motor controller off when the supply
voltage is either to low or to high for the safe operation of the motor controller.
The dynamic of the current limitation can be set with UBAT LIMIT FILTER, used to prevent
system oscillations due to battery voltage drop. Higher cutoff frequency enables faster
reaction, necessary to prevent voltage trip, but can cause system oscillations.
2.9 Thermal protection of the controller

Thermal protection protects the motor controller from overheating. It is functioning in such
a way that it is linearly decreasing the maximal current limit with the temperature rise. The
lowest operating temperature of the controller can be set with the parameter MINIMAL
OPERATING TEMPERATURE and the highest operating temperature with the parameter
MAXIMAL OPERATING TEMPERATURE. The current reduction zone can be set with
CONTROLLER TEMPERATURE ZONE (see 2.10Thermal protection of the motor). The
thermal protection of the controller depends on the type of the controller and it is set by
manufacturer. Invalid setting can cause controller failure.
2.10 Thermal protection of the motor

SAC motor controllers SAC1, SAC4 and SAC40 can provide motor thermal protection. The
sensor for the winding temperature sensing should be embedded into the motor. The
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temperature sensor can either be connected to the controller via analog input provided for
the temperature measurement (SAC4 only!), or to the external device, which is sending
motor temperature signal via can bus.
The input source must be set with the parameter MOTOR TEMPERATURE SOURCE,
and sensor type with the parameter MOTOR TEMPERATURE SELECTOR. Adaptation of
the motor resistance (MOTOR TEMPERATURE SELECTOR=3) is available in firmware
version V1.39 and when motor temperature sensor is connected. It improves sensorless
operation in wide motor temperature range.
If you don't use any motor temperature sensor, you must set both parameters (MOTOR
TEMPERATURE SOURCE and MOTOR TEMPERATURE SELECTOR) to zero, otherwise
the motor won't start. In that case there is no thermal protection of the motor.
I [ A]
I max
0
T [ °C ]
MOTOR MAXIMAL
TEMPERATURE MOTOR
ZONE TEMPERATURE
Figure 2.7: The thermal motor protection

It is recommended to use the temperature sensor KTY84/130, although similar sensors
could be used with proper parameter setting, which includes the following parameters
(QUANT MIN, QUANT MAX, QUANT OFFSET, PARAMETER A, PARAMETER B,
PARAMETER C and PARAMETER D). To obtain values for those parameters, contact
controller manufacturer.
The maximal motor temperature must be set with the MOTOR TEMPERATURE ZONE
parameter and the zone, where the motor current gradually decreases to zero is given with
the MOTOR TEMPERATURE ZONE parameter.
2.11 Constant speed operation

This operating mode can be used in applications that require on/off operation with the
constant speed. The desired speed has to be set with the parameter COMMANDED
SPEED and the parameter OPERATING MODE has to be set to 6. After parameter upload
to the controller, the controller has to be turned off. In order to operate the drive in this
mode, the controller has to be turned on and by tying the INP1 digital input to the ground
(GND) the motor will accelerate according to the ACCELERATION SLOPE parameter
setting to the desired speed given with parameter COMMANDED SPEED. If one breaks
the contact of INP1 with GND, the drive will decelerate according to the DECELERATION
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SLOPE.
If the application requires only simple on/off operation at the given speed, the INP1 digital
input can be permanently connected to the GND and the drive can be started with START
input. In this case there will be no current consumption from the energy source when the
drive operation is not required.
Important: Constant speed operation only works with the parameter AUTO POWER OFF
DELAY set to zero, otherwise the inverter will not be enabled.
2.12 Speed regulator

The motor controller uses PI speed regulator, which is active only in speed operating
mode. As described in the table 2.12, the speed regulator has two parameters.
Additionally, the output of the speed regulator is limited by the torque limit. The torque limit
is given by parameters: MAXIMAL POSITIVE TORQUE and MAXIMAL NEGATIVE
TORQUE.
Table 2.12: PI speed regulator parameters
Parameter Description
SPEED REGULATOR GAIN Gain of the PI regulator
SPEED REGULATOR KI This value is inverse proportional to the integrating
constant
2.13 Speed limit

In the torque operating mode the speed is limited in both directions. Speed limits can be
set by parameters MAXIMAL FORWARD SPEED and MAXIMAL REVERSE SPEED. In
speed operating mode both parameters are used for the speed range setting.
The speed limit is not valid when using CAN speed control.
Please see the setting for 4.18 TRQ CTRL SPD LIM SLOPE when using torque control.
2.14 CAN mode

There are 4 CAN operating modes. CAN mode can be selected with the parameter
OPERATING MODE.
Table 2.13: CAN bus operating modes
OPERATING DESCRIPTION
MODE
2 standard ID, controller data are sent only on remote request
3 extended ID, controller data are sent only on remote request
4 standard ID, controller data are sent periodically
5 extended ID, controller data are sent periodically
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2.14.1 Baud-rate setting

Baud-rate selection parameter can be accessed in user interface under the parameter
named CAN BAUD RATE PRESCALER. The relation between Baud rate and CAN BAUD
RATE PRESCALER parameter is determined by the following equation:
20000000
BaudRate= .
1BAUD RATE PRESCALER
There are some typical baud rates and corresponding CAN BAUD RATE PRESCALER
values presented in the table 2.14.
Table 2.14: Baud-rates
BAUD RATE CAN BAUD RATE PRESCALER

1000.000 1
500.000 3
250.000 7
125.000 15
100.000 19
83.333 23
20.000 99
12.500 159
10.000 199
Other CAN bus timing parameters cannot be changed. They are set at
the following values:
● No. of sample points: 1
● Sample timing: @ 70% of bit time
● Synchronization jump width: 10% of bit time
2.14.2 Variable scaling

Five different physical values can be transferred with CAN bus: voltage, current, speed,
torque and temperature. Variables transferred on CAN bus are always represented as
unsigned integers (range:0 - 65535).
In general the physical value can be calculated from the CAN value as:
y=m⋅x y min
where:
y − y min
m= max ,
65534
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y , y min , y max : physical value, minimal physical value, maximal physical value,
x : scaled CAN variable.
Note for more detailed information please see the document “SAC CAN protocol”.
Due to the fixed point internal computing inside the motor controller the scaling is not
determined by parameters m and y min , but by two parameters A and B. For particular
physical value the scaling is determined with the following parameters:
Table 2.15: CAN scaling
PHYSICAL VALUE PARAMETER A PARAMETER B

voltage CAN VOLTAGE SCALING A CAN VOLTAGE SCALING B
current CAN CURRENT SCALING A CAN CURRENT SCALING B
speed CAN SPEED SCALING A CAN SPEED SCALING B
torque CAN TORQUE SCALING A CAN TORQUE SCALING B
Parameters A and B can be calculated using MS Excel with the file scaling.xls. One needs
only to enter minimal and maximal physical values and corresponding parameters are
calculated automatically. After calculating parameters A and B, these parameters can be
programmed
to motor controller.
There is a restriction with CAN scaling: an absolutely arbitrary scaling can not be chosen
due to the fixed point nature of calculation. For that reason
● parameter A cannot be smaller than 1000 and greater than 32767 and
● parameter B cannot be smaller than -32768 and greater than 32767.
So, if calculated parameters A or B are outside of these limits, the desired scaling can not
be implemented. In this case the range of physical value has to be changed so that
parameters A and B will be inside of the allowable boundaries.
Currently implemented variables sent from SAC controller are scaled using following
equation:
1
x= *  x *−B ,where x is physical variable, x* is 16-bit integer scaled variable sent over
k
CAN, k* is scaling factor for that particular physical variable, A scaling factor parameter, B
scaling offset parameter.
Reciprocal to obtain scaled value from physical, the following equation should be used:
x *=k *⋅xB
Scaling factors for following variables are:
Variable k* B
name
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n (rpm) 3,27701 32767

T(Nm) 32,7761 32767
u (V) 100 (amplitude) 0
I (A) 77,234987 (peak) 32767
54,61496 (rms)
Besides previously mentioned variables with configurable scaling the temperature scaling
is predetermined and defined with the equation:
°
Temperature[ C ]=TemperatureCAN −55
In general the maximal 16-bit valid CAN variable value is always 65534. Value 65535 is
reserved for non-valid data. For 8-bit data (like a temperature) the value 255 is reserved
for non-valid data.
CAN scaling as described is valid for both received variables from the motor controller and
sent variables to the motor controller.
2.14.3 Time-out
Time-out parameter CAN TIMEOUT determines time in which the next command value
(valid message with BaseID+1) has to be received. If time after the last received command
is greater than time-out time, the motor controller enters disabled state. Time-out in is set
in miliseconds.
When the firmware version is below V1.39, the timeout in seconds can be calculated
approximately with the following equation:
Timeout [s ]≈CAN TIMEOUT⋅2⋅T s ,
2
where T s= .
SWITCHING FREQUENCY
Note: Default value for SAC is around 1-1.5 s.
2.14.4 Period for variables that are to be send periodically from

controller
With operating modes 4 and 5 parameter CAN SEND PERIOD determines period at which
messages are to be sent. In version V 1.39 the parameter is set in milliseconds.
When the firmware version is below V1.39 period in seconds is calculated as:
Period ≈PERIOD FOR AUTOMATIC DATA SENDING⋅T s ,
2
where T s= .
SWITCHING FREQUENCY
Note: The default value is set to 250 ms. The values under 150 ms, can produce
undesirable packet overflow on the GD display.
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2.14.5 BaseID setting

Valid BaseIDs are only those with lower 4 bits zero. BaseID has to be entered in two
parts: lower 16 bits (CAN BASE ID - LO PART ) and upper 13 bits (CAN BASE ID - HI
PART). Both parts have to be entered as decimal numbers (not hex!)! For example: 0x400
is entered as 1024.
If BaseID is greater than the greatest possible ID for the selected mode, the upper bits will
be ignored (for example: if ID:0x4312a0 is entered for standard ID, the 0x431000 will be
ignored and the controller will use the ID: 0x2a0).
From firmware version 1.38 onwards, there are separated parameters for receiving and
sending addresses. In such a way there exists a possibility to control more than one
controller with single unit.
Default value CAN ID READ LOW is set to 100. Default value CAN ID WRITE LOW is set
to 102.
2.14.6 CAN messages

The structure of CAN messages is presented in table 2.16.
Table 2.16: CAN message structure
Byte 1 Byte 2 Byte 3 Byte 4 Byte 5 Byte 6 Byte 7 Byte 8

BaseID Enable/Disable
(INPUT)
BaseID+1 Command Command Mode selector Power limit Temperature Temperature
(INPUT) (HIGH) (LOW) (0-no limit) AD input AD input
(HIGH) (LOW)
BaseID+2 Motor speed Motor speed Battery voltage Battery Motor current Motor Satus Status
(OUTPUT) (HIGH) (LOW) (HIGH) voltage (LOW) (HIGH) current (HIGH) (LOW) -
(LOW) ERROR
CODE
BaseID+3 Motor Controller Digital inputs + Digital inputs + Analog input Analog input Battery Battery
(OUTPUT) temperature temperature potentiometer potentiometer (HIGH) (LOW) current current
(H) (L) (HIGH) (LOW)
Message descriptions:
● General Enable/Disable (8-bit):
: 0x00: General Disable: Motor control disabled
: 0x01: General Enable: Enables the motor controller (under condition, that there are
no errors present)
: 0x02xx: Reverse rotation bit d9 in case of 16 bit (from V1.41 rev 156).
● Commanded value (16-bit) should contain either the motor speed command or the
motor torque command.
● Mode selector (8-bit) selects either the speed mode or the torque mode:
: 0x00 : speed mode
: 0x01 : torque mode
: 0x02 : EV mode with CAN
: 0x03 : Generator principle mode (torque)
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● Power limit is the ability to reduce motor power (0-no limit , 127-maximum motor
power limit,128-no generator limit, 255-maximum generator limit) (valid after firmware
V1.41 revision 156)
● Temperature AD input (16-bit) should contain AD value from the motor temperature
sensor
● Motor Speed (16-bit) contains the estimated motor speed,
● Battery Voltage (16-bit) contains the battery voltage,
● Motor Current (16-bit) contains RMS value of the motor current,
● Status (16-bit) contains the error code (see the table of error codes) on lower 8 (0-7)
bits, bit8: reflects bridge_on status, bit9: relay_on, bit10:speed_mode,
● Motor temperature (8-bit) contains the motor temperature.
● Controller temperature (8-bit) contains the controller temperature.
● Digital Inputs + Potentiometer contains values of three digital inputs and potentiometer
value.
● Analog Input ADC0 (16-bit) contains the value of 10-bit analog input ADC0
● Battery current (16-bit) contains estimated battery current
● Digital Inputs + Potentiometer contains values of three digital inputs and potentiometer
value.
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
INP3 INP2 INP1 0 0 0 Potentiometer (0-1023)
Byte 3 Byte 4
● Analog Input ADC0 (16-bit) contains the value of 10-bit analog input ADC0
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 ADC0 (0-1023)
Byte 5 Byte 6
2.14.7 CAN operation setup
Before using the CAN mode make sure the following parameters are set
properly
● CAN baud-rate (CAN BAUDRATE PRESCALER),
● BaseID (upper 13 bits CAN BASE - ID HI PART and the lower 16 bits CAN BASE
ID - LO PART),
● CAN TIMEOUT (values from 0 to 32000, zero means no time-out),
● PERIOD FOR AUTOMATIC DATA SENDING ,
● scaling constants.
2.14.8 CAN Operation

The operation can be shortly described with these steps:
1. In order to enable the motor controller, you have to send message with BaseID and
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with the value 0x01.

2. Cyclically send the message with BaseID+1 with the command value and mode
selector (example: 0x8000 0x00).
3. To stop the operation you can either stop sending message with BaseID+1 (after
the time-out the controller will became disabled) or send the message with the
BaseID and data 0x00 to disable the controller immediately. In this case the motor
will stop spinning without the motor breaking and without the energy flow back to
the battery. If you want to stop the motor faster, then you should set the motor
speed command firstly to zero (the motor will operate as an generator and send the
energy back to the battery till the motor stops) and then disable the motor controller.
2.14.9 Generator principle

The generator principle allows to recharge batteries from mechanical power obtained from
motor shaft. The application is suited for boats with sailing capabilities.
Note:
The principle is only available with hardware SAC4-60 R1 with integrated phase voltage
measurement and relay Rele1 and firmware version 1.40 onwards.
The operation is setup for CAN MODE operation only (1.03 OPERATING MODE=4).
At start the voltage range is checked from measured controller branch voltages. The start
condition is limited with parameter in controller „1.26 MAX START SPEED“. The controller
will only start when detected speed is lower.
Note:
For correct motor relay operation to switch motor to the controller in hardware SAC4-60 R1
„9.03 RELAY1_CONTROL“ must set to mode 5.
When using SAC4-60 R2W, RELAY2 is used to switch the motor to the controller and
“9.04 RELAY2_CONTROL” must be set to mode 5, since RELAY1 is intended to control
controller cooling pump circuit.
In this mode controller over voltage prevention is active– external 3 phase motor relay
disconnects the controller from motor in case of over voltage or any of the controller errors.
Additionally maximum speed is limited in the display with parameter „MAXIMAL SPEED“.
(Refer to display user manual for additional details)
Battery overcharging limitation is resolved in display software to reduce torque in
generator mode and therefore charging current. The limit is adjusted with additional
parameter and controller power in display.
Maximum power tracking

The power obtained from motor shaft is limited with motor speed / maximum power
production characteristics of the propeller. The characteristics and its maximum power
point depends of the boat speed. The speed of the shaft decreases with load torque in
generator mode, while power increases with increasing of the speed at given torque.
When propeller is unable to deliver required torque, the speed decreases and the
operation point is not optimal. Maximum peak power tracking algorithm (MPPT) tries to
VER:2015/07/08 Page 35/49

adjust the torque to obtain maximum available power. The MPPT algorithm stability
depends of the electro-mechanical dynamics of the system and can be stabilized via „1.24
BREAKING TORQUE“ used normally in EV operation. The value, set higher produces
better dynamics and tracking but more torque variation resulting to speed variation. Setting
this value too low can produce non optimal power point. Default value of „1 Nm“ is
obtained experimentally. When the parameter is set to zero, MPPT is disabled.
2.15 Motor Controller Parameters
This subsection lists motor controller parameters with a short descriptions.
No. PARAMETER DESCRIPTION

OPERATING PARAMETERS
1,01 AUTO ENABLE makes possible to enable or disable the inverter:
: 0: the inverter won't be activated (in this mode you
can test the potentiometer and see if the motor
speed command works regularly),
: 1: the inverter operates normally,
: 3: inverter is enabled at start, pulses switched off
when the command is zero (after V 1.39).
1,02 MOTOR TYPE selects the motor type:
: 0: induction motor (IM),
: 1: permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM),
: 2: permanent magnet synchronous motor with HALL
sensors (fw 1.40) or Resolver (SAC41 fw 1.41).
1,03 OPERATING MODE selects operating mode
: 0 : speed mode,
: 1 : torque mode,
: 2 : CAN mode, standard ID, data is sent on remote
request
: 3 : CAN mode, extended ID, data is sent on remote
request
: 4 : CAN mode, standard ID, data is sent periodically
: 5 : CAN mode, extended ID, data is sent periodically
: 6 : constant speed mode,
: 100-106 : motor auto-tuning mode,
: 220-226 : mechanical sensor auto-tuning mode.
1,04 SWITCHING Selects the switching frequency:
FREQUENCY : 0: normal switching frequency,
: 1: double switching frequency (disabled for SAC40,
SAC60).
1,05 AUTO POWER OFF With operating mode 0 or 1 the inverter will be activated
DELAY after the command value from the potentiometer (speed or
torque) is zero for the time greater than the time in seconds
given with this parameter.
: 0 : Auto power off deactivated
: x > 0 : x defines the power-off time in seconds
1,06 COMMANDED SPEED With operating mode 6 this parameter gives the constant
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speed command. With other operating modes this
parameter is not used.
1,07 REVERSE This parameter selects the wiring for reversing:
BUTTON/SWITCH : 0: button,
SELECTION : 1: switch.
1,08 MAX REVERSING Up to the speed given with this parameter the speed can
SPEED be changed with the button/switch. Above this speed the
button/switch action won't change the direction of rotation
or the direction of the torque.
1,09 MAXIMAL STATOR The continuous allowed current limited by motor and/or
CURRENT inverter
1,10 CURRENT OVERLOAD Maximal current, allowed for short period of time
1,18 MAX IDC Maximal battery current allowed (the current is calculated
from electrical power and may be not exact) (SAC41 fw.
1.41)
1,11 OVERLOAD Parameter is proportional to the overload energy.
CONSTANT Recommended value is 4.
1,12 MINIMAL BATTERY The function of this parameter is to prevent the battery to
VOLTAGE discharge too deeply. It determines the minimal battery
voltage for operation. With the voltage lower than the
voltage given with this parameter the motor won't produce
any torque. (unit: V)
1,13 UBAT MIN ZONE The zone when the torque reduction is linearly applied. It is
scaled to maximal applicable current.
1,14 MAXIMAL BATTERY The function of this parameter is to prevent the
VOLTAGE overcharging of the battery. It determines the maximal
battery voltage for operation. With the voltage greater than
the voltage given with this parameter the motor won't
produce any torque. This situation can happen when the
motor is operating in generator mode and it is returning the
energy back to the battery. (unit: V)
1,15 UBAT MAX ZONE The zone when the torque reduction is linearly applied. It is
scaled to maximal applicable current.
1,16 UBAT LIMIT FILTER Filter setting for motor current limiter as a function of the
battery voltage. Lower value stabilizes possible dynamic
oscillations. Higher value ensures faster limiting.
(V1.39 cutoff frequency in Hz)
1,17 MINIMAL OPERATING Determines the minimal operating temperature. (unit:
o
TEMPERATURE C ) (omitted in fw. 1.40, limit is fixed in firmware)
1,18 MAXIMAL OPERATING Determines the maximal operating temperature. (unit: o C
TEMPERATURE ) (omitted in fw. 1.40, limit is fixed in firmware)
1,19 CONTROLLER Controller-temperature zone for current limiting
TEMPERATURE ZONE (omitted in fw. 1.40, limit is fixed in firmware)
1,20 MAXIMAL FORWARD With operating mode 0 (potentiometer speed mode) this
SPEED parameter defines the maximal forward speed and with the
operating mode 1 (potentiometer torque mode) this
parameter defines the forward speed limit (unit: RPM)
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1,21 MAXIMAL REVERSE With operating mode 0 (potentiometer speed mode) this
SPEED parameter defines the maximal reverse speed and with the
operating mode 1 (potentiometer torque mode) this
parameter defines the reverse speed limit (unit: RPM)
1,22 MAXIMAL NEGATIVE With operating mode 0 this parameter defines the negative
TORQUE torque limit of the speed regulator and with the operating
mode 1 this parameter determines the maximal negative
torque. (Unit: Nm)
1,23 MAXIMAL POSITIVE With operating mode 0 this parameter defines the positive
TORQUE torque limit of the speed regulator and with the operating
mode 1 this parameter determines the maximal positive
torque. (Unit: Nm)
1,24 BREAKING TORQUE Breaking torque. This parameter is only active for EV
potentiometer mode when using a special breaking digital
input. When using generator principle (refer to Generator
principle) the parameter represents MPPT gain. To disable
MPPT set this parameter to zero.
1,25 MAXIMAL POWER This parameter limits the maximal power that can be drawn
from the battery. (unit: W)
1,26 MAXIMAL START Maximal allowed speed at start (valid for PMSM and SAC4-
SPEED 60 V1.39)
MOTOR DATA
2,01 STATOR RESISTANCE Stator resistance per phase + motor cable resistance +
internal inverter resistance (unit:  )
2,02 ROTOR RESISTANCE Rotor resistance of induction motor. (unit:  )

2,03 STATOR Stator inductance per phase of PMSM (unit: mH)
INDUCTANCE
2,04 MAGNETIZING Magnetizing inductance of induction motor. (unit: mH)
INDUCTANCE
2,05 STATOR LEAKAGE Stator leakage inductance of induction motor. (unit: mH)
INDUCTANCE
2,06 ROTOR LEAKAGE Rotor leakage inductance of induction motor. (unit: mH)
INDUCTANCE
2,07 MAGNETIZING FLUX Motor flux caused by permanent magnets in permanent
magnet synchronous motor. (unit: mWb)
2,08 NUMBER OF POLE Number of pole-pairs.
PAIRS
MOTOR TEMPERATURE PROTECTION
3,01 MOTOR Source of measured value
TEMPERATURE - 0 : AD input,
SOURCE 1 : CAN_BUS
3,02 MOTOR Sensor type:
TEMPERATURE - 0 : No sensor – protection disabled ,
SELECTOR 1 : KTY – characteristics defined with coefficients A-D,
3 : KTY - with Rs adaptation (V1.39)
3,03 QUANT MIN Maximal valid quant value
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3,04 QUANT MAX Maximal valid quant value
3,06 PARAMETER A Approximation polynomial coefficient A
3,07 PARAMETER B Approximation polynomial coefficient B
3,08 PARAMETER C Approximation polynomial coefficient C
3,09 PARAMETER D Approximation polynomial coefficient D
3,10 MAXIMAL MOTOR Maximal allowed motor temperature, which must not be
TEMPERATURE exceeded
3,11 MOTOR Motor-temperature zone for current limiting
TEMPERATURE ZONE
MOTOR CONTROL
4,01 MAX. RATIO ISQ/ISD This parameter is active only with induction motor. It
defines the maximal ratio between the torque producing
current component and the magnetizing current
component. In this way it determines the torque limit in the
field-weakening region. With greater value of this
parameter it is possible to reach bigger torque at high
speeds but with lower efficiency. Lower values result in
lower maximal torque at higher speeds but the drive has a
better efficiency. To disable field weakening set the value
to 7.9.
4,02 MINIMAL ISD This parameter is active only with the induction motor. It
CURRENT determines the minimal magnetizing current. The value of
this parameter is a compromise between the losses at
standstill and the ability to detect the motor rotation. (unit:
A)
4,03 ISD CURRENT AT This parameter is active only with the permanent magnet
LOW SPEED synchronous motor. The ISD current at low speeds
improves the starting torque, but on the other hand it
causes some additional losses in the motor. (unit: A)
4,04 LSM CURRENT Proportional gain of the PI current regulator. Calculated
CONTROLLER GAIN from auto-tuning procedure. To reduce high frequency
noise at no load set this value lower.
4,05 LSM CURRENT Integral gain of the PI current regulator. Calculated from
CONTROLLER KI auto-tuning procedure.
4,06 HSM D-AXIS CURENT Proportional gain of the the D axis PI current regulator for
CONTROLLER GAIN high speed and induction motor
4,07 HSM D-AXIS CURENT Integral gain of the D axis PI current regulator for high
CONTROLLER KI speed and induction motor
4,08 HSM Q-AXIS CURENT Proportional gain of the the Q axis PI current regulator for
CONTROLLER GAIN high speed and induction motor
4,09 HSM Q-AXIS CURENT Integral gain of the Q axis PI current regulator for high
CONTROLLER KI speed and induction motor
4,10 TORQUE FILTER Time constant ratio Ts/Tf. Inverse value of the time
constant for the torque filter. (V1.39 cutoff frequency in Hz)
4,11 SPEED FILTER Time constant ratio Ts/Tf. Inverse value of the time
constant for the speed filter showing the motor speed.
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4,12 ELECTRICAL POWER Time constant ratio Ts/Tf. Inverse value of the time
FILTER constant for the electrical power filter
4,13 SWITCH TO HSM Switching point between the Low Speed Mode (LSM) and
the High Speed Mode (HSM) for IM control. In PMSM
control with Hall sensors or resolver it is used to determine
switching point between Hall and sensorless operation.
When using sensorless mode with PMSM this parameter
determines the swithcing point between reference control
and pure sensorless.
4,14 HYSTERESIS FOR Hysteresis for the switching between LSM and HSM
SWITCH TO HSM
4,15 D AXIS DUTY MAX Maximal duty cycle for d-Axis. Increasing the value can
improve instability issues at maximal speed operation, but
reduces the achieved maximal speed.
4,16 PAR_K1ROT Angle correction for current controller.
4,17 PAR_K2ROT Angle correction for Hall sensor / Resolver operation
scaled 65536=360º
4,18 TRQ_CTRL_SPD_LIM_ Slope for torque control, to limit torque at maximal speed.
SLOPE It is only valid in torque control
4,19 SPD EST FLT Time constant ratio Ts/Tf for electrical speed estimator.
Factory setting. (V1.39 cutoff frequency in Hz)
4,20 STALL DETECTION Stall detection (when current is 90 % nominal at low speed
for more than 2 s):
: 0-disabled,
: 1-enabled, allow restart when reference is set back to
zero
: 2-enabled
4,30 ENCODER PULSES : 0-Off , Number of encoder pulses (V1.40) for IM
4,40 RESOLVER : 0-Off , Resolver resolution in bits (SAC41 fw. V1.41)
RESOLUTION PMSM
4,50 RESOLVER P GAIN : 0 Reserved (fw. 1.41)
4,60 RESOLVER ANGLE : 0 Reserved (fw. 1.41)
SPEED CONTROL
5,01 SPEED CONTROLLER Proportional gain of the PI speed regulator
GAIN
5,02 SPEED CONTROLLER Integral gain of the PI speed regulator
KI
POTENTIOMETER
6,01 MIN. Position of the potentiometer at which the command value
POTENTIOMETER depending on the value reaches whether the zero or the
POSITION maximal negative value. (unit: AD quants)
6,02 MAX. Position of the potentiometer at which the command value
POTENTIOMETER depending on the value reaches the maximal negative
POSITION value. (unit: AD quants)
6,03 NEUTRAL This parameter is valid only with the bipolar potentiometer
POTENTIOMETER mode or with the EV mode. It defines the potentiometer
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POSITION position at which the command value is zero. (unit: AD
quants)
6,04 POTENTIOMETER This parameter is valid only with the bipolar potentiometer
DEAD ZONE mode. It defines the dead zone around the neutral
potentiometer position. In this dead zone the command
value remains zero. (unit: AD quants)
6,05 POTENTIOMETER Parameter determines the potentiometer mode:
MODE : 0: unipolar mode,
: 1: bipolar mode,
: 2: EV (electric vehicle) mode,
6,06 ACCELERATION Determines the accelerating limiting slope for the command
SLOPE value
: 0: slope limiter disabled,
: 1-30000: slope limiter enabled (1:the most gentle
slope, 30000: the steepest slope)
6,07 DECELERATION Determines the decelerating limiting slope for the
SLOPE command value
: 0: slope limiter disabled,
: 1-30000: slope limiter enabled (1:the most gentle
slope, 30000: the steepest slope)
FLUX ESTIMATOR
7,01 FLUX ESTIMATOR Estimator time constant for frequencies lower than the
TIME CONSTANT FOR frequency given with the parameter STARTING FREQ.
LOW SPEED FOR TAO INCREASE
7,02 FLUX ESTIMATOR Estimator time constant for frequencies greater than the
TIME CONSTANT FOR the frequency given with the parameter STOP FREQ.
HIGH SPEED FOR TAO INCREASE
7,03 STARTING FREQ. FOR For the frequencies greater than this parameter the time
TAO INCREASE constant of the flux estimator starts increasing
7,04 STOP FREQ. FOR For the frequencies greater than this parameter the flux
TAO INCREASE estimator time constant remains at the value given with the
parameter FLUX ESTIMATOR TIME CONSTANT FOR
HIGH SPEED
7,05 FLUX ESTIMATOR Proportional gain of the Pi regulator for the flux observer.
CONTROLLER GAIN This parameter is used only for PMSM control.
7,06 FLUX ESTIMATOR Integral gain of the Pi regulator for the flux observer. This
CONTROLLER KI parameter is used only for PMSM control.
CAN BUS
8,01 CAN BAUD RATE CAN Baud rate selection parameter for the CAN interface
BAUD PRESCALER
8,02 CAN BASE ID - HI Base identifier (ID) settings, higher bits
PART
8,03 CAN BASE ID - LOW Base identifier (ID) settings, lower bits
PART
8,04 CAN ID WRITE LOW Base identifier (ID) setting for writing - lower bits
8,05 CAN TIMEOUT This parameter represents the maximal distance between
the two received command messages. If the time between
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the messages is greater then the inverter will turn off. (unit
[ms] fw. V1.39)
8,06 CAN SPEED SCALING Scaling constant for the motor speed
A
8,07 CAN SPEED SCALING Scaling constant for the motor speed
B
8,08 CAN TORQUE Scaling constant for the torque
SCALING A
8,09 CAN TORQUE Scaling constant for the torque
SCALING B
8,10 CAN VOLTAGE Scaling constant for the voltage
SCALING A
8,11 CAN VOLTAGE Scaling constant for the voltage
SCALING B
8,12 CAN CURRENT Scaling constant for the current
SCALING A
8,13 CAN CURRENT Scaling constant for the current
SCALING B
8,14 PERIOD FOR determines the period for automatic data sending
AUTOMATIC DATA ( OPERATING MODE=4,5) (unit [ms] fw. V1.39)
SENDING
RELAY OUTPUTS (Valid only for SAC4-60*,SAC40, SAC41 and SAC60)
9,01 CONTROLLER Relay-on temperature for controller cooling
COOLING
TEMPERATURE
9,02 MOTOR_COOLING_TE Relay on temperature for motor cooling
MPERATURE
9,03 RELAY1_CONTROL Operating mode for RELAY1
0:RELAY OFF,
1:RELAY ON,
2:controller cooling,
3:motor cooling,
4:controller+motor cooling,
5:DC link relay output (SAC4-60*),
value+16:relay will be turned on with the RELAY2
additionally )
9,04 RELAY2_CONTROL Operating mode for RELAY2
0:RELAY OFF,
1:RELAY ON,
2:controller cooling,
3:motor cooling,
4:controller+motor cooling,
5:DC link relay output (SAC4-60*),
value+16:relay will be turned on with the RELAY1
additionally )
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3. Errors
Errors are reported in two ways:
● with LED blinking2
● with the error message inside of the user interface 3
2 At every startup the led diode blinks shortly. This is for the test purpose and doesn't represent any error.
3 PC computer has to be connected in order to see these messages.
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Table 3.1: Error codes
Error Name LED

code Blink
0 NO ERROR -
1 EXCESSIVE MOTOR CURRENT 1
2 OVER VOLTAGE 2
3 UNDER VOLTAGE 2
4 BATTERY VOLTAGE LOW AT START 2
5 POTENTIOMETER ERROR DURING OPERATION 3
6 POTENTIOMETER NOT ZERO AT START 3
7 OVER TEMPERATURE 4
8 UNDER TEMPERATURE 4
9 TEMPERATURE SENSOR ERROR 4
10 CURRENT OFFSET ERROR 5
11 DC LINK CHARGING ERROR 5
12 CONTACTOR ERROR 5
13 SHORT CIRCUIT MOTOR OR OUTPUT STAGE 1
14 BAD USER PARAMETER CRC 6
15 BAD SYSTEM PARAMETER CRC 6
16 BAD FLASH CRC 6
17 WRONG PARAMETER VERSION 6
18 INVALID MOTOR TYPE 6
19 AUTOTUNING ERROR 1
20 BOOST ERROR 5
21 MOTOR OVER TEMPERATURE 4
22 MOTOR TEMPERATURE SENSOR ERROR 4
23 STALL DETECTED (V1.39) 1
24 MOTOR OVERSPEED (V1.40) 1
25 COMMUNICATION SAC <-> DISPLAY (V1.41 rev 203) 5
26 12V SUPPLY VOLTAGE OR INTERNAL VOLTAGE (V1.42) 1
27 OVER CURRENT (HW) (V1.42) 1
28 OVER VOLTAGE (HW) (V1.42) 1
29 EXCESSIVE MOTOR PHASE VOLTAGE (V1.42) 1
30 CPU ERROR (V1.41) 6
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Error codes description:
OVER CURRENT - Motor phase current has exceeded maximum limit. This error
occurs when the motor control is not properly setup.
OVER VOLTAGE – Voltage on the DC link has exceeded maximum limit. Please
check the voltage range of selected controller. Battery can not accept enough
energy during regenerating mode. Check the parameter 1,16 UBAT LIMIT FILTER
settings 1,14 MAXIMAL BATTERY VOLTAGE and 1,15 UBAT MAX ZONE
UNDER VOLTAGE – Voltage on the DC link is too low. Battery can not deliver
required energy. Check the battery filter parameter settings (1,16) and parameters
1,12 MINIMAL BATTERY VOLTAGE and 1,13 UBAT MIN ZONE
BATTERY VOLTAGE LOW AT START – Measured battery voltage is too low.
Please ensure that battery is correctly connected to power terminal of the
controller. If error still persists contact service.
POTENTIOMETER ERROR DURING OPERATION – The potentiometer wire
might be broken, or potentiometer damaged. Also check the potentiometer
parameter settings.
POTENTIOMETER NOT ZERO AT START – At start the potentiometer must be
set to neutral position. Check the potentiometer parameter settings.
OVER TEMPERATURE – Controller temperature during operation has become too
high. In water cooled system please check the cooling. When the controller is air
cooled, the ambient temperature is too high for required output power.
UNDER TEMPERATURE – Ambient or coolant is too cold.
TEMPERATURE SENSOR ERROR – Controller temperature measurement error.
Send the controller to service.
CURRENT OFFSET ERROR – Problem with controller supply or battery power.
When the supply is constant during switch on, send the controller to service.
DC LINK CHARGING ERROR – Check the battery power supply. If error remains,
send the controller to service.
RELAY ERROR – Check battery power supply. If error remains, send the
controller to service.
PDPINTA (SHORTCUT OR MOSET/DRIVER ERROR) – Motor terminals shortcut,
voltages on the motor are too high. If error persists, send the controller to service.
BAD USER PARAMETER CRC – Parameters stored to the controller are
corrupted, check if parameter version corresponds to controller version. Load the
parameters using SACTERM. If error persists contact service.
BAD SYSTEM PARAMETER CRC – System parameters corrupted, send the
controller to service
BAD FLASH CRC – Firmware corrupted, send the controller to service.
WRONG PARAMETER VERSION – Parameters stored to controller are not
compatible with firmware, send the controller to service.
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INVALID MOTOR TYPE – Wrong selected motor type. Check parameter 1,02
MOTOR TYPE.
AUTOTUNING ERROR – Auto tuning not successful. Ensure that battery voltage
is constant during auto-tuning, that the motor is correctly connected to the
controller and can turn freely without any external load. If error persist, contact
technical support.
BOOST ERROR – Internal error, send the controller to service.
MOTOR OVER TEMPERATURE – Check the motor cooling and operation setting.
MOTOR TEMPERATURE SENSOR ERROR – Check the motor temperature
sensor connection or type or contact technical support.
STALL DETECTED – Check if motor is blocked at start, check the motor and
control parameter settings or contact technical support.
MOTOR OVERSPEED – Check if motor is rotating at start, check the motor and
control parameter setting or contact technical support.
COMMUNICATION SAC <-> DISPLAY – The device received no message in
specified timeout, or message was corrupt. Check if the reference message is sent
periodically within timeout limit. For safety reason, normally timeout should be
twice as reference period. If persists contact technical support. The error available
after V1.41 rev 203.
OVER CURRENT (HW) (SAC50 V1.42) – Hardware detected too high current. Could
be issue in wiring, motor or parameters.
OVER VOLTAGE (HW) (SAC50 V1.42) – The voltage rose above the limits. Battery
disconnected during the operation.
EXCESSIVE MOTOR PHASE VOLTAGE (SAC4 V1.42) – The motor phase voltages to
high, issue with measurement.
CPU ERROR (V1.41) - Contact technical support
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4. Warnings
Warnings are showing the reason why the system is limiting the control output., the
value is close to the limit. Warning codes are binary encoded.
Table 4.1: Warning codes
Warning Name
0 No warning
1 Controller temperature high
2 Motor temperature high
3 Battery voltage low
4 Battery voltage high
5 Overspeed
6 Overload
Note: Warnings are implemented from firmware version 1.41 revision 56.
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5. Technical specifications
See data for individual controllers!
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6. Connection diagram
See connection diagrams for individual controllers!
VER:2015/07/08 Page 49/49

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VER:2015/07/08 Page 2/49

2.1.4.5 ISD CURRENT AT LOWSPEED (V1.40)..................................................18

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1. SACTERM - PC user interface

1.2 Establishing connection

1.3 User interface layout description

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Saves the parameters to a file [Ctrl-S].

Read the parameters from the device [Ctrl-R].

Write the parameters to a device [Ctrl-W].

Menu options description

Load parameters [CTRL-O]

Save parameters [CTRL-S]

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Copy all [CTRL-C]

Comm Auto Detect

Double check parameters

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Fig. 3: Options frame

Read data [CTRL-R]

Write data [CTRL-W]

Read entire block [CTRL-SHIFT-R]

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The information about the program version is

1.3.1 Diagnostics page

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Fig. 5: Diagnostics page is displaying basic controller information along with

Read parameter log [CTRL-L]

Fig. 6: Parameter changes history

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Tools\ Parameter Locking

Fig. 8: Parameter locking

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1.4 Accessing the features

PIN code entry

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2.1 Motor control set-up

Recommended motor control set-up should follow these steps:

2.1.1 Motor type selection

Table 2.1: Motor type selection

MOTOR TYPE Description

2.1.2 Motor parameters set-up

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Table 2.2: Motor parameters

Motor auto tuning

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1. Connect PC computer to the motor controller and start PC user interface

Mechanical sensor auto tuning

Example: The desired mode is operating using CAN (OPERATING MODE=4) .

1. Connect PC computer to the motor controller and start PC user interface

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2.1.4 Settings for the induction motor

Figure 2.1: Equivalent circuit for IM

2.1.4.1 Magnetizing inductance

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2.1.4.3 MAX RATIO ISQ/ISD

2.1.4.4 MINIMAL ISD CURRENT