*

Suoar9FunkelgenR-CH=CHt
C*rcl,b)
R-% +
n(1odoalkane) ovdey R-CH=cH2+ R-
R-CH=cH-R
HB4 R-CH Alkene’haloalkOne
(Makonikovs)
CHzCHgCHg chlovoGune(nalamaveote)
no
K-OH
oalohöhaloalkane
Al1phobc Lordeve ssa?)
|ochloranphescol(arnhb1obe,typha)
|
Appheoton
R-XNaT + RIkoneHaloalkane(free
CHCH X-d,BY
oc-OH
pavbel
haloove Halothone
GtleGIO)
Canae HALOALKANENES
of |(beslenod-typroducto G0cl2 ARENES
HALD
Yan Hel(d2y R-cl
Pels Pclg
veoctvihy double Recl
t X2 ne
voalkane)
eR-ftAg
H* + bonel P/x2
toneace antsononko H* >R-cl+
Pocd,+
Hcl
d1hyhde
ViUnul ccl wibond
l yR-
#1) ’R-C=k fo
phenol n
>R-îNax + R-cHCH cHcH3
CHs
CHzcHH,X chavocterso,
+ v
Her)Hel) R-CH -CH2 (x=
Rx’g+-0 gerdn)
helo
- vadica! By,) ae
iG
CH
HF ban
TPolarr
R-CH, CH-CH d(3°cavbocabo 15 ndemechade Kinehes
voforn
CHCl+0,g 4
o+Na+ R-* k-1K-bDK-cl)R-fRI)RB)ReI)RF
veqen}lorgononDel
R-+ Na Auqnavd
alle) p-elinatoy
alo:R-
R+NU’
(saytseff
vule) R-Nu+
Cavbocabon-devneNo
CHz0,alohol,
more8>> I9foyned
able)
YZnGep·FoNous
1borde
2 wth sandmeyer'y
(Haloaene)vy
NOND2/Heo -NH2
-H-H4 prob KI,
N Piaz0hs
Nu-K by
dvy atete
KOH Golve it
sgne (oce +
etner
R-R polar 0,R-CH= al(acelone, wll
=CHe cH
R- Nu+ seeconbguvabon
bindrane)
R-x’ bnsC3° pol Single
r*ndepFollous
Knebes ovcles2d NO, Daicl1se ORGANIC
H2
(Fvee
Nu--R--*’No* av GN
dork
stoed) (
hottle Mec) -. apyob 11g
vod1cea colovotom)
CH-CH
l Gohes
yt’ R-CHo
AdebydeçKtone
alwbe! R-CH=CH2 Alkevve
ALCOHoLs, Ppyiedel alkylahon
TYedel
cnot
opborabon |taleqenaten
Ntrahon KEAC110NS
DI
CHIz’ayboepbc
veachvrty
BH
ctve)
Ni, Alc)a
Anby
to HebO4 HNO 3
G04 H2 NaoH
nGectude
elnane) Ce,
catalystcatalyt alcohol aft X3
Fe p-
BaHoR-CHHH2 .H20
PHENOLS. aylaon d1ehlovo
*Conortov
ducmg (cavbocaho7-nterone) kov) c

H-RR-
()
(mechan NO
diphengltmchloro
R-CH-oH)
gent’
&
ETHERS
Cgheno)
HaAlod/phenol
i
aloho)
3°
chydveben
|R0dabon
Meclhanlsm-igp
3)2°)°
Ovdey
EbteriBceton cugeneZPhenol
R-OH No
+
Anihne
pheno| ’
phenol-R-G-RR-cHO
Benzene + RMgx R-coOR'
R'HCHo+
g + carborhe
R-o0H
ydecavboayhec
alobol oliobo)
Kns
NO
Na
NODH Na H20 2)
943kkedone
cv03l
Pce PCc
Cu
aldeloyderOsl H2504/Ws PO CoOH R CH-CH
Hcl
uAH4DliAH4 aud
Pyvehne Lo
R-CHa-oH
H20 )
one
’R-oN
(9opvo R-CH-R(2)
H20 HL0 edeyalahol G
2)+ 5R-cHgOH)
R-CHyOHRoy +
py
bengene)
 ORGANIC REA(TIDNG
NH3
c=NH (imne)
*Elrcdyopih Gubshtuton a + HX ’oTOH+ R-x |depbens veachon
R-cæN nl2) HehR-c)=N# R-cHO
R-o-R +H* ’ R-+Roy R- NW2, R~c=NR(wbted
H2504 NO,
idelbgale
(Nt ahor (volatle) NOTE R-CEN DIBALH
)R-CHo NH20 =N- Ou (oxme)
COn. HNO NOL Electvophilc GubofhhÍn a H20 bydvo
NHgamse
-NHe kc=N-NHytozo)
BYa/cs2 NO)
pit aid BY2
ethonoc oud
foleroldenydeDiBAL,R--H+ Ro
H2o Jbycraz1ne
alacnyde alelrol
243k No1¬ -feBY, i5 not uoed due 4o
ben geve Yinq by melho24 achvton o ttord yxn
(Ben3lcle byde) Kne
Nilvaton HNOL CH(OcYEso) 24-DNPRc=NNHONo
lokvene
NO,
CHO
NH- NH--NAZ K (omnge-
ed ppt)
qCH Rke=N-NH--NH,
Fmedel (vc CHgcl
Kolbe's n(salicylie aud) NO1¬: CHS Cl2 R
stomieasbogore
atylaton any Alelg CH b
313k
lesaenseoH2euban (hydrocorbo)
ocoo fmedl en4 CHscocl aaHernann-kochYn(Bengene aldeby R- CH-R'
Remey-1enonn Yn(9aliclaldelyde)
[oro cHCls
alkyahon any Atl,
Co, Hel
anhy-Alel
[oTCHO
ALDÉ HYDES, KE TDNES AND woff- kshnen vedvchon(hyeocarbon)
No1E

NA204
CARBOXy LI ACID
Alcoholalcdeayde lkelone
HCN
Hygcvogn viqnand dryH-t=Nng)
ethey
R-CHo Ked P
falobol keorgod, aldelyde -’ (arbozy aldebycle R-5-R'+HI GH R-CH2 --R
H2504 ’R-CH O/ R-G-k NDIE: R-CHo H2
aldelagde 20, lou
H<doborahos ouclabon caBalyut falohol
R- CH-OH
ovder )2° Pêcl kedlone Chtaly R- CH- R'(20
aalobol Znc: chlovoakaAne(white 2°alcobol NOTE 1me
doyclay, R-&R' dd,
Hcl
tuntandty aprerIneclotdy talabol R-6-cl+ klove (atalust’NiPtRd, wAlH4, NaBlg
lalcoho) Knle 4ud chlonde
fchlovoakanel wmte R-C-R
ND1E:
(uketone
Auvad1ty appeun afh G-10m) 'alohol
Hcl K-cEN B Ketove R-CHÍ
f aleohol Kncl2
Hcl 913k
alkeve
fmedel vafH yahonacelophevnone)
nidenyde, agllhc,açd
No pdt
(ttadihy apprar, on heg
Alkenealdehyde lkeBove (oror ChgoulorocHs lon-9NOSR-coow Popefl 4tule)
Alcoholether |alkene oz Avbzy:Alklz
CHzcH2-OH
413k 2)zn20 lade byde t Iketone ’why aldeliycle ts more veachve than CHs,cHg oOH
Ketone g
,cN
|R-f-R/ HCN
(iatyl hatde) NoE - 2°/s° ckylhalde -ehom
HCHo + HCHo yR-cganohydn) R-cHoAgl),)4aldehgde)
oWRco0 +Ag
ahon i oUY MGtead Robenmond recuehon Nalss R-( (bodumbsulplaute Aomonnl Silver
ndvate
R-co-cl - R-HO+ Hcl adduct )
Aud clalovde Pol- Bats04 aldelnyde R'oH
OR
oYdy H1) H) Hcl NOTE - Catalyst1s porsoned w Ri-R'R--R'
lne 4o Gtop futhen vedueton to
alohol. He tet
 UKUHINIC
elongo deet (only ahphae alde hyd)oTE (3

’R- c0OH(1 codo uatel pbibolonde gyotbe s1s("alpbsake) conbylame veacbon1soyancle te)
R-CHO+Ci' toRootu,o+
fehvigA alkahvse goluhon
H20
Red brovon R-e H20
moe) ko)
K-NH2 +CHclatkoH R-NCtkel
(uso4loy) of sodu pol asu R- 0oH + He Iboqande
tantaate aud hulide avomubti°amne Cfo snell)
-coONa Caq)
NOTE -ayobe amne cono be Halcuo N
K--cH2+ NGOH +1,’í,+ R-G-oNa aud onbydmde prepaved bg ary halde doebnnot Gthce 68ot
Naoî |K--oR' ’R-cooH + R'o# undergo Ucleo plhilic subsbhbon w H2/Pd-oNH2
’ CH + H-6-DNa onIOn of phthal1ide
eGter Hoffononn Promande deqvedobon -NH2
Aldol condenbobon Ct- Aydvoge) NOTE:
Na/NaoH
H2

R-6-N2 +B+Nao R-NH2+ N4;0,

R-coOH R-cooNG NH

CH CH= CH-CHO<CHcH-CH2
o9 CHO
NaHcos)Na,c0gR-coo +Ht dommde
Ic atom leGs Cucl,
NH3
w-p unsatyated aldeyde No1E R-6 -NH, LiAIH 4 R-CH-NH2 <nd,
dil-NaoH, amide -NH2 N02te04 P-bengoquae
ntileaMne H2G0A
CHs ’R-G-o-R (eslonkat R-C=N H2/Ni
LiA HA
’R-cH-NH2
famne H20
CH ,p-unseyoted kedove Pclg
’ R-cocl +Pocl,t He) Nal
’R-CH2-NH
tcvos5 Aldol condensobon audhalde CH200cl SoTNHCoCH,
pcl ’R-cocl + HP0,
NnEfbodh have Hychogen s4 Pdt Socl2 R- cocl +50, + Hcl
nHvo2amne
R-NO H2 Gn/Fely-Hel g- NH, (amne)
NH2
only nNe &- Hydrogn2 pdt NH Pt NH2
cannKAYO Yeachon (nod- hyvoge) rq eet-sulphonylabon Me
HNOS
H-CHOcon. Nao
DLIAH4
R-cH-oH (i' aluobol)
(91) (141)NO, (21)
CH DH + #C0ONA R-NH, o2cl
CH20H cooNa
+e Im?NaoH,R-H +NAgCO (Decoyboxy) amne Bengene NolE’Dving ntmehon-Nt
NaoH Ca0, lahon)
supboy! convet to - N w preaene of & wbc at
zelvnsky ran-halo pd)R-NH +clode
[orCHo Goluble koH
NO ell-vohard as ameta direchng grp.bat' cohly nea Pd
or orse |CHztocl HNO
,NHCOH
clalFeclg RCH2-ooH Xa/RedP R-cH-co oH 2°umine
) H20 No pdt
not yolu
Bumine NE
Hot Arovs Audtest ( alpbabe anIne)
R-NH t HNONaNO ,R-N,ei R-OH NH2 NaNO2/Hc diogoium chlore
Ha0t Paine HNDNAN
Ra-NH+ Ro-NN=0
alobo)
NOTE
R-g-N2 HND2
’R- coOH+NHz AMINES 2° 0mie Hcl
NGNO
ntosoUM)ne =N
Gmcde R-cooH + Ng tH20 Hof fononns amonolysis ndhad RN-N=D+R-oy CHHoH a3obenge he
cayboyl aid RX
 H20 BP ordorr ’ 0)p Aldebyde,tclone cnd cavboryhe &
P)o)
Hp02
Alcobols, Phenols etbers alde hyde,keloe coiborghe aud
Cucl/Hcl
bond ongle 14
|Alohol due H-bond1ng
K+ legg 4hon tednabechal angle (D928)
1
RenGon:epulbion blw lone of of o,
phc bg bezene mg 6
phenol- (-o bond lenga pno) hydrophobic in nave
IG less bon tht ot alohol
kCN rCN

Keaon: Obond bos parbol doulsle

Cu pouler
bond conacter due do congaha cavbozyhe aucl )alonal> aldebyde )
ketone SeGler ) hydvocovbovs.
phenol. 0N=NOoy Ebey-’ bond ngk 1s shgbiy
pnyoay agobengeseeohr hG tetvabedval ngle *Audty kadoudiy
Reason:e pulGve nteracho ot Pka d Vaudrty
avilne Covange dye)
N=NNH2 alkyl groups. Ewu tseG Guchhy, EDUWSeG audity.
P-aomnoasobengeve *BPot alobol Pheno) 1sey wy AMINES
(Gelow dye) oB lorge
PHYG1cAL PROPERTIES
^Im n0 of (-atog
|kenbon- 15e n Vondes ouals fore
*btrongly polar bcg4o4e pyesevnu
d1pde m0nent due
HALOACKANES HALDARENES
|* BPot alohol phevol bigber * aliphethe lower Grnes Ye Goluble
Allylht halde Eqi CH2
In Hgo due to H-bondhy
Bengyhc lalde Eq: cHz-cl ReGson -nkronolec ulav H-bondvlouo BP due to wezker 4-bosdhag
Vinyhe balde *Alcohol phenol e yolublen H20 * BP 19 lower thv oloho)
Aqebty
* Bond levgle- sige of be balo alobol 156 weOker auclan Hz0
gen Tses, hond levgb also tses. alohol also'act a bronsted base
Hgb MPand B?- due do er ’phenol ’Gtrongon aucd hcn alcono) gascous stele ß2NHa
ln
moleculoY fore of ettechoy
* whey moleculaY e%es BPReoson: phenozde io is Gtdh sed
when braneng 1ses BPses ie i)aronob) niline)aro
EDu audity
o, P poshovs ses auch hy
EDu

due do ayooedo4
Higbly soluble i H2 0 -0vde
R-1) R-b)R-cl)