Learning Material - Micros

LEARNING MATERIALS
MICROSCOPY: Compound Microscope and its parts
THE MICROSCOPE
 The microscope is a tool which can help you see tiny objects and living organisms.
 It makes them look bigger.
 The ability of the microscope to make the specimen bigger is called magnifying power or
magnification.
 The microscope also has the capacity to distinguish small gaps between two separate points which humans
cannot distinguish. It is called resolving power or resolution.
 There are three types of microscopes that are commonly used. These are
A. SIMPLE LIGHT MICROSCOPE
- a simple light microscope uses a single lens to magnify an object and cannot reach high magnification.
B. COMPOUND MICROSCOPE
- a compound microscope is a microscope that uses multiple lenses to enlarge the image of an object.
- it is a microscope with a high resolution and uses two sets of lenses to provide a 2-dimensional image of the
sample. This type of microscope is typically used in school laboratories.
C. ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
- is a type of microscope that uses a beam of electrons to attain an extremely high resolution using an electron
beam instead of a beam of light to illuminate the object of study.
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LIGHT MICROSCOPE  COMPOUND MICROSCOPE The ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
most
common microscope used in science laboratories is the COMPOUND MICROSCOPE.

 Compound light microscopes can be used to examine both living and nonliving specimens. However, it cannot
provide enough magnifying power to examine extremely small parts of a specimen such as the ribosomes of a
cell.
MICROSCOPE: ITS PARTS AND FUNCTIONS:

 The compound microscope is classified into three main parts:
o MECHANICAL PARTS – which provides adjustments and support
o MAGNIFYING / OPTICAL PARTS – Which enlarge the specimen
o ILLUMINATING PARTS – which provides the light or source of light.
 MECHANICAL PARTS includes the following:

- Base - Body Tube - Fine Adjustment Knob
- Pillar - Draw Tube - Condenser Adjustment Knob
- Inclination Joint - Revolving Nosepiece
- Arm - Dust Shield
- Stage and Stage Clips - Coarse Adjustment Knob
 MAGNIFYING PARTS includes the:

-Eyepiece lens or Ocular - Objective Lenses
 ILLUMINATING PARTS includes:
- Mirror or Light Source - Iris Diaphragm
 All parts of the microscope are necessary for it to function well. The absence or damage to any part of the
components may affect its functionality. It is therefore important to know each part of a microscope and their
respective functions. The parts of a compound light microscope can be classified into MECHANICAL,
ILLUMINATING AND MAGNIFYING PARTS.
How to Use a Microscope
1. Get the microscope from its box or in the cabinet. Do this by grasping the curved arm with one hand and supporting
the base with the other hand.
2. Carry it to your table or working place. Remember to always use both hands when carrying the microscope.
3. Put gently the microscope down on the laboratory table with its arm facing you.
4. With the use of tissue paper or any clean and soft cotton rag, wipe the metal parts of the microscope. You may also
wipe the eyepiece and objectives with a lens paper.
5. Look for the revolving nosepiece. Then, turn it clockwise or counterclockwise until the LPO is back in its proper
position.
6. Find the coarse adjustment. Slowly turn it upwards, then downwards.
7. Locate the eyepiece and look through it.
8. While looking through the eyepiece, adjust the position of the mirror so that it is not glaring to the eyes. The bright
circle of light is called the field of view of the microscope. Practice viewing through the microscope using both eyes
open to avoid or reduce eyestrain.
9. Locate the diaphragm. While looking into the eyepiece, rotate the diaphragm tothe next opening.
10. Find the inclination joint. Grasp the arm and slowly pull it towards you. Sit down and try looking through the
eyepiece.
Observing Specimens
1. Put the slide with mounted small letter “e” on the stage holding it firmly with the stage clips. Make sure that the letter
is focused at the center of the hole on the stage and under the LPO.
2. Watching from the side, carefully lower the body tube until the end of the LPO almost touches the cover slip. (Note:
Never let the objectives touch the slide to avoid scratches in both lenses and mounted slide with the specimen.)
3. Look through the eyepiece. Slowly turn the coarse adjustment upwards to raise the objective.
4. Look through the microscope again. Slowly move the slide to the right, then to the left. What did you notice? When
you move the slide to the right, the image seems to move to the left. Likewise, when you move the slide up, the image
seems to move down.
5. Move the slide to the center. To shift to the HPO, raise the body tube first. Then, using the fine adjustment slowly
lower the objective till it almost touches the cover slip. Looking through the eyepiece, turn the fine adjustment until
yousee the clearest image.
How to take good care of a Microscope

1. Check the microscope before and after use.
2. Use a clean tissue paper or soft cotton cloth to clean the mechanical parts of the microscope.
3. Prevent liquids especially acids and alcohol from spilling on any part of the
microscope. Always use a cover slip when observing wet mounts.
4. Check for moisture. Wipe the lens with lens paper if there is any.
5. Avoid tilting the microscope while observing wet mounts. Water might flow into the mechanical parts of the
microscope causing them to rust.
6. Never store the microscope in a chemical laboratory or any place where there are corrosive fumes.
SCIENCE 7. MATATAG.S. JAVAR
Name: ________________________________________________ Score: ____________________

Grade and Section: ______________________________________ Date: _____________________
A. Directions: Identify the parts and functions of a compound microscope. (2 points each number)
B. Directions: Write TRUE if the sentence is correct about the compound microscope parts and functions and
FALSE if it is incorrect.
_________ 1. The revolving nosepiece is used to switch from one objective to another.
_________ 2. Any cleaning material may be used to clean the lenses of the microscope.
_________ 3. The microscope is used to magnify objects far from you.
_________ 4. The use of direct sunlight to brighten the field being magnified is advisable.
_________ 5. The mirror provides the field of view when looking through the microscope.
_________ 6. The arm is where you hold the microscope.
_________ 7. To ensure the safety of the microscope, both hands should be used.
_________ 8. The slide can be moved to focus certain parts of the specimen.
_________ 9. It is advised to look through the eyepiece with both eyes open to avoid eyestrain.
_________ 10. Coarse adjustment knob is used for high-power objective (HPO).

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LEARNING MATERIALS

MICROSCOPY: Compound Microscope and its parts

common microscope used in science laboratories is the COMPOUND MICROSCOPE.

MICROSCOPE: ITS PARTS AND FUNCTIONS:

 MECHANICAL PARTS includes the following:

 MAGNIFYING PARTS includes the:

How to take good care of a Microscope

SCIENCE 7. MATATAG.S. JAVAR

Name: ____________________________ Score:

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