Final Report (Mar)

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
JNANA SANGAMA BELAGAVI-590018
PROJECT WORK REPORT

ON
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MULTIPURPOSE AGRICULTURAL
ROBOT (MAR)
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement of eighth semester

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Submitted by
ABHI MR 1BI21ME400
ABHISHEK A KURDEKAR 1BI21ME401
AYUSH R LAHANDE 1BI21ME405
DHEERAJ H 1BI21ME418
Under the Guidance of

Dr. NAGARAJA C REDDY
Associate Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Bangalore Institute of Technology
Bengaluru-560004
BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
K.R.ROAD, V.V.PURA BENGALURU-560004, KARNATAKA, INDIA
2023 - 2024
BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
K.R.ROAD, V.V.PURA BENGALURU -560004, KARNATAKA, INDIA
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project work entitled “DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF
MULTIPURPOSE AGRICULTURAL ROBOT (MAR)” is a bonafide work carried out by
ABHI MR (1BI21ME400), ABHISHEK A KURDEKAR (1BI21ME401), AYUSH R
LAHANDE (1BI21ME405), DHEERAJ H (1BI21ME418). In partial fulfilment for the
award of 8th semester of Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering of Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belagavi during the year 2023- 2024. It is certified that all the
corrections/suggestions indicated for the internal assessment have been incorporated in the
report.
The project has been approved as it is satisfied the academic requirement in respect of project
prescribed for the Bachelor of Engineering Degree in mechanical Engineering.
Signature of the Guide: Signature of the HOD:

Dr. NAGARAJA C REDDY Dr. T. V. SREERAMA REDDY
Associate Professor Professor and Head
Signature of the Principal:

Dr. ASWATH M. U
Principal
Name of the Examiners Signature with date
1.
2.
DECLARATION
We declare that the project work report entitled “DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF
MULTIPURPOSE AGRICULTURAL ROBOT” carried out independently by our Projectgroup,
under the guidance of Dr. NAGARAJA C REDDY Associate Professor, Department of
Mechanical Engineering, Bangalore Institute of Technology, Bengaluru-560004, during the
academic year 2023-2024. Further we declare that this project work report either in part or in full
is not submitted by us to any other university for the award of any degree or diploma.
Date:
Place: Bengaluru
NAME USN SIGNATURE

1. ABHI MR 1BI21ME400
2. ABHISHEK A KURDEKAR 1BI21ME401
3. AYUSH R LAHANDE 1BI2IME405
4. DHEERAJ H 1BI21ME418
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We express our sincere thanks to the management of BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY, Bengaluru for providing the necessary infrastructure and facilities to carry out
our project.
We are privileged to thank our project guide Dr. Nagaraja C Reddy Associate professor,
Mechanical department, BIT, Bengaluru for providing all the helps and guidance needed for
successful completion of our project.
We would like to thank Dr T V Sreerama Reddy, H.O.D, Department of Mechanical Engineering,

BIT, Bengaluru for his help and guidance through our academic career
We are grateful to our principal Dr Aswath M U, Principal, BIT, Bengaluru for having provided
the faculties to carry the project
We would like to express my sincere thanks to all teaching and non-teaching staff of Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Bangalore Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, for their continued
support throughout the project work.
We express our sincere thanks to the management of RAJYA VOKKALIGARA SANGA and
BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, Bengaluru for supporting us throughout our
academic period.
1. ABHI MR (1BI21ME400)
2. ABHISHEK A KURDEKAR (1BI21ME401)
3. AYUSH R LAHANDE (1BI2IME405)
4. HARISH VINAY D (1BI21ME418)
i
ABSTRACT
The agricultural sector plays a crucial role in ensuring global food security and meeting the demands
of a growing population. To address the evolving challenges faced by modern farmers, there is a
pressing need for innovative technologies and versatile solutions. This abstract introduces a
Multipurpose Agricultural Robot (MAR) designed to enhance efficiency, sustainability, and
flexibility in various farming operations.
The MAR integrates advanced technologies to cater to a wide range of agricultural tasks, such as
cutting, seed seeding, spraying, and path recording feature while minimizing environmental impact.
Equipped with precision farming tools, sensors, and automation features, the vehicle optimizes
resource utilization, reduces waste, and promotes sustainable farming practices.
The Multipurpose Agriculture Robot aims to revolutionize traditional farming methods by

combining adaptability, precision, and sustainability. By addressing the multifaceted challenges
faced by modern agriculture, this innovative solution contributes to the development of a more
resilient and efficient farming ecosystem.
ii
CONTENTS
PARTICULARS PAGE NO
Acknowledgement i
Abstract ii
Contents iii
List of Figures v
List of Tables vi
CHAPTER 1 1
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Need of Agricultural Robots 2
1.2 Advantages 3
1.3 Disadvantages 4
CHAPTER 2 5
LITERATURE SURVEY 5
2.1 Literature Summary 5
CHAPTER 3 7
RESEARCH GAP 7
CHAPTER 4 9
OBJECTIVE 9
METHODOLOGY 9
CHAPTER 5 11
MODELLING AND ANALYSIS 11
5.1 CAD Drawings 11
5.2 Assembly Model 15
5.3 Exploded View 15
5.4 Design Description 16
5.5 Analysis 16
iii
CHAPTER 6 19
MAJOR COMPONENTS REQUIRED 19
6.1 Solar Power system 19
6.2 DC Geared Motors 20
6.3 Seed Sowing Tool 20
6.4 Spraying System 21
6.4.1 Pump Specifications 22
6.5 Bluetooth Module 22
6.6 Arduino UNO 23
6.6.1 Pin Description 23
6.6.2 Arduino UNO Technical Specification 24
6.6.3 Applications 25
6.7 Rechargeable Battery 25
6.7.1 Battery Specifications 25
6.8 Infrared Sensor 26
6.9 Motor Driver L293D 27
6.10 Ultrasonic Sensor 27
6.11 Dual Channel 5V 10A Relay Module 28
6.12 ESP-32 CAM 30
6.121 Camera Specifications 30
6.13 Power Supply Module 31
6.14 LED Light Strip 31
6.15 Jumper Wire 32
CHAPTER 7 33
WORKING 33
7.1 Program 34
CHAPTER 8 40
CONCLUSION 40
CHAPTER 9 41
SCOPE FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 41
REFERENCES 43
WEBSITES 43
iv
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES PARTICULARS PAGE NO

Figure 1.1 Conventional Spraying practice 2
Figure 5.1 Frame CAD Drawing 11
Figure 5.2 Motor Mounting CAD Drawing 11
Figure 5.3 Frame 12
Figure 5.4 3D Model Assembly 15
Figure 5.5 Exploded View 15
Figure 5.6 Stress Results 16
Figure 5.7 Displacement Results 17
Figure 5.8 Strain Results 17
Figure 6.1 Solar Panel and Controller 19
Figure 6.2 DC Motor 20
Figure 6.3 Seed Sowing Tool 20
Figure 6.4 Nozzle 21
Figure 6.5 Pump 12v 21
Figure 6.6 Tank 21
Figure 6.7 Bluetooth Module 22
Figure 6.8 Arduino UNO 23
Figure 6.9 Rechargeable battery 25
Figure 6.10 Infrared Sensor 26
Figure 6.11 Working of IR Sensor 26
Figure 6.12 Motor Driver L293D 27
Figure 6.13 Ultrasonic Sensor 28
Figure 6.14 Working of Ultrasonic Sensor 28
Figure 6.15 Dual Channel 5V 10A Relay Module 29
Figure 6.16 Dual Channel 5V 10A Relay Module Terminals 29
Figure 6.17 ESP-32 CAM 30
Figure 6.18 Power Supply Module 31
Figure 6.19 LED Light Strip 31
Figure 6.20 Jumper Wire 32
Figure 7.1 Multipurpose Agricultural Robot (MAR) 33
v
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO PARTICULAR PAGE NO

Table 5.1 Theoretical v/s Calculated results 13
Table 6.1 The pin description Arduino Uno board. 23
Table 6.2 Arduino Uno Technical Specification 24
Table 6.3 The battery specifications 25
vi
Design and Fabrication of Multipurpose Agricultural Robot (MAR)
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
"Design and Fabrication of a Multipurpose Agricultural Robot" recognizes the paramount

importance of agriculture as a cornerstone of global sustenance. In the face of evolving
challenges such as rising population demands and environmental considerations, the project
endeavors to contribute to the vitality of agriculture through technological innovation. By
developing a versatile agricultural Robot capable of seed sowing, water and pesticide
spraying, and field cutting, the project seeks to address the critical need for enhanced
efficiency and productivity in farming practices. The integration of IoT technology further
empowers farmers with remote control and monitoring capabilities, marking a significant
step towards smart and sustainable agriculture. This initiative underscores the project's
commitment to supporting the backbone of society—agriculture—by providing farmers
with advanced tools to meet the evolving demands of modern farming.
Agriculture, as the foundation of our food supply, demands flexible and tech-driven
solutions to keep up with increasing demands. Our project aims to be a part of this
agricultural evolution by introducing a versatile Robot that goes beyond traditional farming
methods. By combining seed sowing, water and pesticide spraying, and field cutting into a
single platform, we aim to simplify and modernize agricultural tasks. The addition of IoT
technology enhances the project, giving farmers control and monitoring abilities through a
mobile app. Our main goal is to provide farmers with a powerful and adaptable tool, not
just for today but to lead in precision agriculture. The upcoming sections will explore
existing research, identify gaps, lay out project objectives, and detail our chosen
methodology. We hope this project makes a meaningful contribution to agriculture by
promoting sustainability, efficiency, and resilience in the face of modern challenges.
Our project focuses on the design and fabrication of a versatile agricultural robot aimed at
revolutionizing farming practices. Agriculture, being the backbone of our sustenance,
demands innovative solutions to meet the growing demand for food production while
addressing challenges such as labour shortages and resource scarcity. In response to these
challenges, our project endeavours to introduce a multifunctional agricultural robot capable
of performing essential farming tasks with precision and efficiency. By integrating features
such as seed sowing, camera surveillance, path memorization, and pest spraying, the robot
Department of Mechanical Engineering, BIT, Bengaluru 1

aims to streamline agricultural operations, enhance productivity, and promote sustainable

farming practices.
Accompanied by images depicting conventional farming practices, our project highlights

the transition towards advanced technology in agriculture, empowering farmers with
modern tools to meet the demands of modern agriculture.
Figure 1.1 Conventional Farming practices
This advanced technology integrates features such as seed sowing, camera surveillance,
path memorization, and pest spraying, envisaging a seamless operation that not only
streamlines agricultural processes but also amplifies productivity. As we venture into this
realm of modernization, accompanied by imagery portraying traditional farming methods,
our project underscores the paradigm shift towards technologically-driven agriculture,
empowering farmers with the tools requisite for navigating the complexities of
contemporary farming.
1.1 NEED OF AGRICULTURAL ROBOTS
• Labor Shortages: Many regions are experiencing labor shortages in agriculture due
to factors such as aging farm populations, urbanization, and stricter immigration
policies. Agricultural robots can fill in the gaps by automating tasks that would
otherwise require manual labor.
• Rising Labor Costs: Even in regions where labor is available, the cost of hiring and
retaining agricultural workers is increasing. Robots can help reduce labor costs over
the long term by improving efficiency and productivity.
• Efficiency and Productivity: Agricultural robots can perform tasks with greater
speed, precision, and consistency compared to humans. This can lead to increased
yields, better crop quality, and overall improved farm productivity.

• Optimizing Resource Use: By utilizing sensors and data analytics, agricultural robots
can optimize the use of resources such as water, fertilizers, and pesticides. This not
only reduces waste but also minimizes environmental impact.
• Addressing Climate Change: Climate change is bringing about unpredictable
weather patterns, pests, and diseases, posing significant challenges to agriculture.
Robots equipped with sensors and AI can help farmers monitor and respond to these
changes in real time, thereby mitigating risks and ensuring crop resilience.
• Aging Farming Population: In many countries, the average age of farmers is
increasing, leading to concerns about the future of agriculture. Agricultural robots can
attract younger generations to farming by offering opportunities for technological
innovation and automation.
• Sustainability: Sustainable farming practices are becoming increasingly important for
both environmental and consumer reasons. Agricultural robots can support sustainable
agriculture by reducing the need for chemical inputs, minimizing soil erosion, and
promoting biodiversity.
• Scalability: Robots can be deployed at various scales, from small family farms to large
commercial operations. This scalability makes them adaptable to different types of
agricultural operations and allows for customization based on specific needs and
requirements.
1.2 ADVANTAGES:
• Increased Efficiency: The multipurpose agricultural robot streamlines farming
operations by performing multiple tasks such as seed sowing, spraying, and obstacle
detection autonomously, leading to higher efficiency and productivity.
• Labor Savings: By automating repetitive tasks, the robot reduces the need for manual
labor, allowing farmers to allocate resources more effectively and focus on other
aspects of farm management.
• Precision Agriculture: The robot's ability to apply inputs such as water and pesticides
with precision minimizes waste and environmental impact while optimizing crop
health and yield.

• Improved Safety: With obstacle detection capabilities, the robot navigates fields
safely, reducing the risk of accidents and injuries associated with manual farming
activities.
• Real-time Monitoring: Integration with IoT technology enables farmers to remotely

monitor and control the robot's operations, providing valuable insights and enabling
timely interventions.
1.3 DISADVANTAGES:
• Initial Investment: The upfront cost of acquiring and implementing the multipurpose
agricultural robot may be significant, limiting adoption among small-scale farmers
with limited financial resources.
• Technical Complexity: Operating and maintaining the robot may require specialized
knowledge and skills, posing challenges for farmers without technical expertise or
access to training.
• Dependence on Technology: Malfunctions or technical issues with the robot's

components or software could disrupt farming operations, highlighting the importance
of reliable technical support and backup systems.
• Compatibility Issues: Integrating the robot with existing farm infrastructure or

practices may require modifications or adjustments, potentially causing compatibility
issues or disruptions during implementation.
• Limited Adaptability: While the robot offers versatility in performing various tasks,
its capabilities may be limited by factors such as terrain, weather conditions, or crop
types, reducing its applicability in certain contexts.

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
[1] Pankaj Kumar, G. Ashok– 2020

In this journal, they designed and fabricated a smart seed sowing robot. This smart seed
sowing robot consists of one robotic arm to sow the seeds from the seed container. The
robot arm is controlled through the mobile application to get the desired positions of the
arm. This robot arm can able to pick and drop the seeds of Ground Nut, Soya bean without
any problem but it faces difficulties while dropping Red Gram Dal, Almond, and same.
[2] Arun, Prathipa, Priyanka S, Akshaya Anand, Chandrika N – 2019

“SMART AGRICULTURE ROBOT”, this paper aims at making agriculture smart using
automation and IoT technologies. The proposed system concentrates on performing
functions like ploughing, sowing seeds, irrigation, detection of obstacles and obstacle
clearance.
[3] N. Kishore, V. Avinash, Chennakeshwar – 2019

This paper aims at develop by Using different robot for the different tasks can consume
more time and power, and cost of each one is also more. To avoid these kinds of problems
we were using the single robot to perform a different kind of agricultural tasks. And the
cost same when compared other robots. Our Robot can perform tasks like Seeding,
Ploughing.
[4] Gowtham Kumar S N, Anand G Warrier, Chirag B Shetty - 2019

“Agricultural Robot” the basic aim of this paper is to develop Robot to perform the
functions such as seed sowing, mud- levelling, these functions can be integrated into a
single Robot and then performed.
2.1 LITERATURE SUMMARY
1. Pankaj Kumar, G. Ashok – 2020

• Title: Smart Seed Sowing Robot
• Description: The paper presents the design and fabrication of a smart seed sowing
robot featuring a robotic arm. Controlled through a mobile application, the robotic
arm efficiently sows seeds from a container. Challenges are noted with specific
seeds like Red Gram Dal and Almond.
• Key Focus: Precision seed dispersal, mobile app control.
2. Arun, Prathipa, Priyanka S, Akshaya Anand, Chandrika N – 2019

• Title: Smart Agriculture Robot
• Description: This paper aims to make agriculture smart through the integration of
automation and IoT technologies. The proposed system focuses on tasks like
ploughing, seed sowing, irrigation, and obstacle detection with subsequent
clearance.
• Key Focus: Automation, IoT integration, diverse agricultural tasks.
3. N. Kishore, V. Avinash, Chennakeshwar – 2019

• Title: Development of a Single Robot for Multiple Agricultural Tasks
• Description: The paper addresses the inefficiencies of using different robots for
various tasks and proposes a single robot capable of performing tasks like seeding
and ploughing. Emphasis is on time, power, and cost savings.
• Key Focus: Efficiency through a single robot, cost-effectiveness.
4. Gowtham Kumar S N, Anand G Warrier, Chirag B Shetty - 2019

• Title: Agricultural Robot
• Description: The primary aim is to develop a versatile agricultural Robot that
consolidates functions such as seed sowing and mud-leveling. The proposed Robot
integrates multiple tasks into a single platform for enhanced efficiency.
• Key Focus: Integration of agricultural functions into a single Robot.
This literature summary highlights the convergence of research efforts toward developing
advanced solutions that can revolutionize agricultural practices, making them more
efficient, cost-effective, and technologically integrated.

CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH GAP
1. Recording Field Paths Feature:
• Gap: While the addition of the path mapping feature is beneficial, there is a gap in
understanding the full spectrum of applications and insights that can be derived
from recorded field paths. Exploring the depth of analysis and practical uses of this
recorded data could provide valuable insights.
• Opportunity: Research could focus on developing advanced analytics tools or

algorithms that leverage recorded field paths to offer detailed insights into planting
patterns, resource distribution, and operational efficiency.
2. Lack of Integrated Solutions:
• Gap: The existing research indicates a focus on specific tasks such as seed sowing,
ploughing, and spraying. However, there is a gap in the exploration of fully
integrated solutions that seamlessly combine multiple agricultural tasks within a
single, unified system.
• Opportunity: Future research could delve into developing holistic agricultural
solutions that integrate various functionalities, providing farmers with a
comprehensive tool for diverse farming operations.
3. No Proper Frame and Design Validation:
• Gap: The literature lacks a comprehensive exploration of frame design validation

for agricultural Robots. There is a need for detailed research on the structural
integrity, durability, and ergonomic considerations of the Robot frame, ensuring it
can withstand the rigors of diverse agricultural terrains and operational conditions.
• Opportunity: Future research could focus on conducting structural analyses,
durability testing, and ergonomic assessments to validate the frame design.
4. Obstacle Detection:
• Gap: While obstacle detection is acknowledged as a safety feature, there is an

opportunity to explore advanced obstacle detection technologies that can identify
and navigate around obstacles with greater precision and efficiency.

• Opportunity: Future research could investigate the integration of advanced sensors,

computer vision, or AI algorithms to enhance obstacle detection capabilities,
ensuring safer and more reliable operations in complex field environments.
5. Human-Machine Interaction (HMI):
• Gap: None of the reviewed papers explicitly mentions the incorporation of Human-
Machine Interaction (HMI) features. There is a gap in understanding the user
experience and interface design for farmers interacting with these smart agricultural
technologies.
• Opportunity: Research could explore the design and usability aspects of mobile
applications or control interfaces, ensuring that they are user-friendly, accessible,
and cater to the needs of the end-users (farmers).

CHAPTER 4
OBJECTIVE
Design and fabricate a multifunctional agricultural robot that integrates seed sowing and
spraying functionalities with IoT-based remote control and monitoring, demonstrating
operational efficiency and optimized resource utilization through a functional prototype.
METHODOLOGY

CHAPTER 5
MODELLING AND ANALYSIS

5.1 CAD DRAWINGS
Figure 5.1 Frame CAD Drawing
Figure 5.2 Motor Mounting CAD Drawing

The above figure represents the prototype CAD Drawing of Multipurpose Agriculture
Robot where the CAD Drawings has been done with SolidWorks software.
Figure 5.3 Frame
Frame Specifications:
• Length (L): 480 mm

• Width (W): 320 mm
• Material: AISI 1020 Mild Steel
• Yield Strength (𝜎𝑦): 420 MPa
• Cross section: Square Hollow Section (SHS): 25 mm x 25 mm x 2 mm
• Loads: Uniformly Distributed Load (UDL) 80 N
For a square hollow section: 𝐼 = 1 (b o 4−bi4)
12
where:
• bo= 25 mm (outer dimension)

• bi = bo−2𝑡=25−4 = 21 mm (inner dimension)
So, 𝐼 = 1 (254 − 214)

12
𝐼= 1
(390625−194481)
12
𝐼= 1 ×196144
12

𝐼 = 16345.33 mm4
2
For a simply supported beam with a uniformly distributed load: 𝑀=wL
8
where:
• 𝑤 is the total load per unit length

• 𝐿 is the length of the beam
Load per unit length (𝑤): 𝑤 = P = 80 = 0.167 N/mm

L 480
2
Maximum bending moment: 𝑀 = wL =
8
𝑀 = 4809.6 N⋅mm
Calculating Stress (von Mises):
The maximum bending stress (𝜎) is given by: 𝜎 = M.c

I
Where 𝑐 is the distance from the neutral axis to the outermost fiber, which is 25=12.5 mm
2
4809.6×12.5
So, 𝜎 =
𝜎 = 3.68 N/mm2
Calculating Strain (𝜖):
Using Hooke's Law, 𝜖 = σ

E
Where 𝐸 is the modulus of elasticity for AISI 1020 steel (𝐸=205 GPa=205×103 N/mm2)
𝜖 = 1.80× 10−5
Calculating Displacement (𝛿):

4
For a simply supported beam with a uniformly distributed load, 𝛿 = 5wL
384EI
𝐿=480 mm=0.48 m
𝑤 = 0.167 N/mm = 167 N/m
5×167×(0.48)4
𝛿=
384×205×109×16345.33×10−12

𝛿 = 3.43×10−3 m= 3.43 mm
Calculated Results:
• Stress (von Mises): 3.68 N/mm²

• Strain: 1.80×10−5
• Displacement: 3.43 mm
SolidWorks Analysis Results:
• Analysis Stress (von Mises): 11.79 N/mm²

• Analysis Strain: 3.79×10−5
• Analysis Displacement: 1.301 mm
Table of Comparison:
Table 5.1 Theoretical v/s Calculated results
Sl.No Particulars Theoretical Calculated
1 Stress 11.79 N/mm² 3.68 N/mm²
2 Strain 3.79×10−5 1.80×10−5
3 Displacement 1.301 mm 3.43 mm

Shear Force Diagram (SFD) And Bending Moment Diagram (BMD)
80 N-m
Linear
19.2N
(+)
SFD
(-)
Parabolic
19.2N
2.3 Nm
BMD
(+)
Ra = Rb = 𝑤𝑙
2
Shear Force:
SF at X=0, SF = 𝑤𝑙 = 80×0.48 = 19.2
2 2
SF at X = 𝑙 , SF = 𝑤𝑙 – 𝑤𝑙 = 0
2 2 2
𝑤𝑙
SF at X = l, SF = − = 19.2
2
Bending Moment:
BM at X = 0, BM = 0
2 2
BM at X = 𝑙 , BM = 𝑤𝑙 = 80×4.8 = 2.3 N.m
2 8 8
BM at X = l, BM = 0

5.2 ASSEMBLY MODEL
Figure 5.4 3D Model Assembly
5.3 EXPLODED VIEW
Figure 5.5 Exploded View

The above figure represents the prototype 3D Model of Multipurpose Agriculture Robot
where the 3D Model has been done with SolidWorks software.
5.4 DESIGN DESCRIPTION

• Frame: The Frame of the multipurpose agricultural Robot is constructed using mild
steel, providing a sturdy and durable framework. The design ensures the chassis can
withstand the rigors of various terrains encountered in agricultural fields. The choice of
mild steel provides a balance between strength and weight, essential for the Robot's
stability and maneuverability.
• Wheels: The Robot is equipped with robust and terrain-friendly wheels. These wheels
are designed to provide sufficient traction in diverse field conditions, ensuring effective
movement even in challenging terrains. The wheel configuration supports stability and
allows the Robot to navigate through the fields with ease.
• Mounting Points: Strategically placed mounting points on the chassis facilitate the
secure attachment of key components. These mounting points are designed to
accommodate the battery, Arduino Uno microcontroller, ultrasonic sensor, DC motors,
and the seed sowing mechanism, as well as the weed cutter. The placement ensures
optimal weight distribution for balanced performance.
5.5 ANALYSIS
Figure 5.6 Stress Analysis

Figure 5.7 Displacement
Figure 5.8 Strain Analysis

1. Analysis Results:
• Displacement: 1.301e-02 mm
• Stress: 1.179e+01 N/mm² (von Mises)
• Strain: 3.790e-05
2. Interpretation:
• The displacement value indicates the amount of deformation experienced by the
frame under the applied loads. It is essential to ensure that the displacement rem
ains within acceptable limits to maintain structural integrity.

• The stress value represents the internal forces exerted on the frame material. The
von Mises stress takes into account both tensile and compressive stresses and is
used to assess the material's strength under complex loading conditions.
• The strain value indicates the amount of deformation relative to the original dim
ensions of the frame material. It helps in understanding how the material respond
s to applied loads and can be used to assess its ductility and potential for failure.
3. Analysis Conclusion:
• Based on the analysis results, the frame made of AISI 1020 steel demonstrates a
cceptable levels of displacement, stress, and strain under the given loading condi
tions.
• The values obtained indicate that the frame is structurally sound and capable of
withstanding the applied loads without experiencing excessive deformation or st
ress concentrations.
• These findings provide confidence in the design and suitability of AISI 1020 ste
el for the construction of the frame in terms of mechanical performance and relia
bility.

CHAPTER 6
MAJOR COMPONENTS REQUIRED

6.1 SOLAR POWER SYSTEM:
Photovoltaic solar panels are strategically mounted on the Robot's surface to capture solar
energy. These panels charge the batteries, powering the DC geared motors and other
electronic components. The 12V solar panel serves as the primary energy source for the
agricultural robot, harnessing solar energy and converting it into electrical power.
Figure 6.1 Solar Panel and Controller
This solar panel provides a sustainable and renewable energy solution, ensuring continuous
operation of the robot in remote agricultural settings without access to grid power. The
solar charge controller regulates the charging of the battery from the solar panel, ensuring
efficient charging and preventing overcharging or damage to the battery. This component
optimizes the utilization of solar energy and extends the lifespan of the battery, enhancing
the overall reliability of the solar power system.
Specifications of Solar Panel:

• Type: Poly Crystalline
• Power Max: 10Wp
• Voltage: 12 V
• Current: 0.57 A

6.2 DC GEARED MOTORS:

The project utilizes 12V, 60 rpm DC geared motors to drive various mechanical
components of the agricultural robot, such as movement, seed sowing, and lifting
mechanisms. These motors provide sufficient torque and control for precise operation in
agricultural applications, enabling the robot to perform tasks effectively across different
terrains and crop types.
Figure 6.2 DC Motor
6.3 SEED SOWING TOOL:
Figure 6.3 Seed Sowing Tool
Coupled with the DC geared motor, the seed sowing tool facilitates the accurate and
uniform planting of seeds in the soil. This tool ensures proper seed depth and spacing,
promoting optimal germination and crop growth while minimizing seed wastage.

6.4 Spraying System:
Figure 6.4 Nozzle Figure 6.5 Pump 12v
Figure 6.6 Tank
The spraying system comprises essential components designed to ensure precise and
efficient application of water, pesticides, or other agricultural inputs to the crops. These
components include:
• Tank: The tank serves as the reservoir for holding the liquid solution, whether it is
water for irrigation purposes or pesticides for pest control. It is typically made of
durable materials such as plastic or stainless steel and is sized to accommodate the
desired volume of the liquid solution.
• Nozzles and Pipes: Adjustable nozzles and pipes are integral parts of the spraying
system, responsible for delivering the liquid solution to the crops in a controlled

manner. The adjustable nozzles allow for precise control over the spray pattern,
direction, and coverage area, ensuring uniform application across the field.
• Spray Pump: The spray pump is the primary component responsible for
pressurizing the liquid solution and propelling it through the nozzles. Typically
powered by a 12V motor, the spray pump ensures a consistent flow rate and
pressure, essential for effective spraying operations.
6.4.1 PUMP SPECIFICATIONS:
Material: Plastic
Style: Auto
Product
Dimensions: 20L x 15W x 5.5H Centimeters
Power Source: dc
Item Weight: 650 Grams
Flow Rate: 4.5 Liters Per Minute
Voltage: 12 Volts
6.5 BLUETOOTH MODULE:

The IoT module facilitates connectivity, enabling remote monitoring and control through a
mobile application. Users can receive real-time updates and control the Robot from a
distance.
Figure 6.7 Bluetooth Module
The Bluetooth module enables wireless communication between the agricultural robot and
external devices, such as smartphones or tablets. This communication interface allows users
to remotely monitor and control the robot's operations, providing flexibility and
convenience in agricultural management.

6.6 ARDUINO UNO:
Figure 6.8 Arduino UNO
The control system integrates a Arduino UNO to manage the DC geared motors, ultrasonic
sensors, and other functions. It includes algorithms for obstacle detection and maneuvering.
6.6.1 PIN DESCRIPTION

Table 6.1: The pin description Arduino Uno board.
Pin Category Pin Name Details
Vin: Input voltage to Arduino when

using an external power source.
5V: Regulated power supply used to
Power Vin, 3.3V, 5V, GND
power microcontroller and other
components on the board.
3.3V: 3.3V supply generated by on-
board voltage regulator. Maximum
current draw is 50mA.
GND: ground pins.
Reset Reset Resets the microcontroller.
Used to provide analog input in the

Analog Pins A0 – A5
range of 0-5V
Input/output Pins Digital Pins 0 - 13 Can be used as input or output pins.

Used to receive and transmit TTL

Serial 0(Rx), 1(Tx)
serial data.
External Interrupts 2, 3 To trigger an interrupt.
PWM 3, 5, 6, 9, 11 Provides 8-bit PWM output.
10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12
SPI Used for SPI communication.
(MISO) and 13 (SCK)
10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12
SPI Used for SPI communication.
(MISO) and 13 (SCK)
Inbuilt LED 13 To turn on the inbuilt LED.
TWI A4 (SDA), A5 (SCA) Used for TWI communication.
To provide reference voltage for

AREF AREF
input voltage.
6.6.2 ARDUINO UNO TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

Table 6.2: Arduino Uno Technical Specification
Microcontroller ATmega328P – 8 bit AVR family microcontroller
Operating Voltage 5V
Recommended Input
7-12V
Voltage
Input Voltage Limits 6-20V
Analog Input Pins 6 (A0 – A5)
Digital I/O Pins 14 (Out of which 6 provide PWM output)
DC Current on I/O Pins 40 mA
DC Current on 3.3V Pin 50 mA
Flash Memory 32 KB (0.5 KB is used for Bootloader)
SRAM 2 KB
EEPROM 1 KB
Frequency(Clock Speed) 16 MHz

6.6.3 APPLICATIONS
• Prototyping of Electronics Products and Systems

• Multiple DIY Projects.
• Easy to use for beginner level DIY and makers.
• Projects requiring Multiple I/O interfaces and communications.
6.7 RECHARGEABLE BATTERY:

A 12V 7.5Ah rechargeable battery serves as the energy storage device for the agricultural
robot, storing excess energy generated by the solar panel for use during periods of low
sunlight or high power demand. This battery ensures uninterrupted operation of the robot,
even in adverse weather conditions or low-light environments.
Figure 6.9 Rechargeable battery
6.7.1 BATTERY SECIFICATIONS
Table 6.3 the battery specifications.

Dimension (Body) 150*64*92 mm
Weight 1 kg
Voltage 12V DC
Capacity 7.5Ah
Technology Seal lead acid

Cycle use 14.5 to 14.9V DC
Stand by use 1.6 to 13.8V DC
Stand by charge voltage 13.8 V

6.8 INFRARED SENSOR:
Figure 6.10 Infrared Sensor
Safety features include obstacle detection using IR sensors. In the event of an obstacle, the
Robot can halt to avoid collisions. The agricultural robot is equipped with an obstacle
detection system using IR (Infrared) sensors. These sensors are strategically positioned on
the robot to detect obstacles in its path. When an obstacle is detected, the sensors trigger
the robot to halt its movement, preventing collisions and ensuring safe operation in the
field. This obstacle detection feature enhances the robot's usability and reduces the risk of
damage to crops or equipment during operation.
Figure 6.11 Working of IR Sensor
Infrared (IR) sensors work by emitting an infrared beam of light that reflects off objects
and returns to the sensor. The sensor has an LED that produces the beam and a photodiode
that tracks the reflected light. When the light reflects off an object, the sensor's receiver

receives the light. The sensor has two LED indicators: power and signal. The power
indicator is on when the sensor is on, and the signal indicator is on when the sensor detects
an object. With this configuration, the focus is on essential functionalities for agricultural
tasks, including seeding and spraying, coupled with safety features for obstacle detection.
6.9 MOTOR DRIVER L293D:

The motor driver L293D controls the operation of the DC geared motors, ensuring precise
motor control and efficient power management. This component enables the robot to
execute various tasks, such as movement, seed sowing, and lifting, with accuracy and
reliability.
Figure 6.12 Motor Driver L293D
6.10 ULTRASONIC SENSOR:
Ultrasonic sensor are those sensors which is mainly used to detect object by measuring the
distance of the targeted object by sending sound waves of high frequency which is not
audible for humans and can be easily found in automobile safety systems i.e. anti-collision
system. Integrated into the robot, the ultrasonic sensor measures the percentage of water
inside the tank accurately.
o HC-SR04 (ultrasonic sensor module) has two transducers one is transmitter and other
one is receiver.
o The transmitter firstly generates the ultrasonic sound waves of 40 kHz with the help of
piezoelectric crystal and releases the original signal in the air medium.

Figure 6.13 Ultrasonic Sensor
o While traveling through the media (here air) when the ultrasonic sound waves
encounters an obstacle or object it bounces back.
o And, then the reflected signal is absorbed by the receiver site of the sensor.
Figure 6.14 Working of Ultrasonic Sensor
6.11 DUAL CHANNEL 5V 10A RELAY MODULE:

The dual-channel relay module is used for controlling the pump and light, enabling
convenient ON/OFF functionality for the spraying system and LED light strip. A relay
typically has five pins, three of which are high voltage terminals (NC, COM, and NO) that
connect to the device being controlled.

Figure 6.15 Dual Channel 5V 10A Relay Module
The device is connected between the COM (common) terminals and either the NC(normally
closed) or NO (normally open) terminal, depending on whether the device should remain
normally on or off.Between the remaining two pins (coil1 and coil2) is a coil that acts as
an electromagnet. Normally (initial position), the COM terminal is connected to the NC
terminal and the NO terminal is open. When current flows through the coil, the
electromagnet becomes energized, causing the switch’s internal contact to move.
The COM then connects to the NO terminal, disconnecting from the NC terminal. When
the current stops flowing through the coil, the internal contact is returned to its initial
position, re-connecting the NC terminal to the COM and re-opening the NO terminal.
Figure 6.16 Dual Channel 5V 10A Relay Module Terminals

6.12 ESP-32 CAM:

The ESP-32 CAM module provides surveillance capabilities to the agricultural robot,
allowing it to capture live video footage of the field. This surveillance capability enables
farmers to monitor crop growth, detect potential issues, and make informed decisions
remotely, enhancing agricultural productivity and management. The ESP32-CAM is a
small size, low power consumption camera module based on ESP32. It comes with an
OV2640 camera and an ESP32-CAM-MB micro usb to serial port adapter.
The ESP32-CAM can be widely used in intelligent IoT applications such as wireless video
monitoring, Wi-Fi image upload, QR identification, and so on.
Figure 6.17 ESP-32 CAM
6.12.1 CAMERA SPECIFICATIONS
• Built-in Flash: 32Mbit

• RAM: Internal 512KB + External 4M PSRAM
• Bluetooth: Bluetooth 4.2 BR/EDR and BLE
• Security: WPA/WPA2/WPA2-Enterprise/WPS
• Output image format: JPEG (OV2640 support only), BMP, GRAYSCALE
• Supported TF card: up to 4G
• IO port: 9
• Power supply: 5V

6.13 POWER SUPPLY MODULE:
Figure 6.18 Power Supply Module
The power supply module regulates and distributes power to the various components of the
agricultural robot, ensuring stable operation and protection against power fluctuations. This
module plays a crucial role in maintaining the reliability and longevity of the robot's
electrical system, contributing to its overall performance and durability.
6.14 LED LIGHT STRIP:

An LED light strip serves as the headlight of the agricultural robot, providing illumination
for night-time operations and enhancing visibility in low-light conditions. This feature
ensures that the robot can continue its tasks safely and effectively, regardless of the time of
day or ambient lighting conditions.
Figure 6.19 LED Light Strip

6.15 JUMPER WIRE:

A jumper wire is an electric wire that connects remote electric circuits used for printed
circuit boards. By attaching a jumper wire on the circuit, it can be short-circuited and short-
cut (jump) to the electric circuit. Jumper wires typically come in three versions: male-to-
male, male-to-female and female-to-female. The difference between each is in the end point
of the wire. Male ends have a pin protruding and can plug into things, while female ends
do not and are used to plug into things.
Figure 6.20 Jumper Wire

CHAPTER 7
WORKING
Figure 7.1 Multipurpose Agricultural Robot (MAR)
Our multipurpose agricultural robot is designed to streamline farming operations with its
integrated features. At the core of its functionality is a seed sowing manual tool mounted
at the back of the robot, securely welded to the motor shaft. This tool boasts vertical
mobility, allowing precise seed placement in the soil. Control of the seed sowing
mechanism, along with other operations, is centralized through an Arduino microcontroller
and a Bluetooth module, ensuring seamless coordination.
In tandem with seed sowing, our robot is equipped with a spraying system for targeted
application of water or pesticides. The pump driving the spraying mechanism is intricately
linked to the centralized control system, enabling synchronized operation. To improve
visibility during operation, an LED strip serves as headlights, providing illumination in
low-light environments.
Furthermore, our robot features an IR sensor for obstacle detection and avoidance. This
sensor plays a pivotal role in identifying obstacles in the robot's path, prompting appropriate
navigational adjustments. By incorporating these features, our robot aims to enhance
agricultural efficiency while minimizing manual labor for farmers.

7.1 PROGRAM
#include <SoftwareSerial.h> // Include the SoftwareSerial library for
communication with Bluetooth module
// Define the SoftwareSerial object for communication with the Bluetooth module
SoftwareSerial Serial1(6,7);
// Define pin numbers for various components
int robot1=8; // Motor control pin 1
const int trigPin = 14; // Trigger pin for ultrasonic sensor
const int echoPin = 15; // Echo pin for ultrasonic sensor
long duration; // Duration of ultrasonic pulse
int distance; // Distance measured by ultrasonic sensor
int motor1=4; // Pin for controlling motor 1 (seed sowing mechanism)
int motor2=5; // Pin for controlling motor 2 (seed sowing mechanism)
int ir=12; // Pin for IR sensor (obstacle detection)
int relay=2; // Pin for controlling relay (spraying system)
int relay1=3; // Pin for controlling another relay (possibly for other functions)
String ch; // String variable to store incoming Bluetooth commands
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600); // Initialize serial communication for debugging
Serial1.begin(9600); // Initialize serial communication with Bluetooth module
// Set pin modes for various components
pinMode(robot1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(motor1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(motor2,OUTPUT);

pinMode(ir,INPUT);
pinMode(relay,OUTPUT);
pinMode(relay1,OUTPUT);
// Set initial states for pins
digitalWrite(robot1,LOW);
digitalWrite(motor1,LOW);
digitalWrite(relay,LOW);
digitalWrite(relay1,LOW);
Serial1.println("AGRIBOT"); // Send initialization message to Bluetooth terminal
}
void loop() {
// Check for incoming data from Bluetooth module
if(Serial1.available() > 0) {
ch = Serial1.readString(); // Read incoming message
ch.trim(); // Remove leading and trailing whitespace
Serial.print("ch="+String(ch)); // Debugging: Print received message
// Process received command
if(ch=="F") {
forward_movement();
} else if(ch=="B") {
back_movement();
} else if(ch=="L") {
left_movement();
} else if(ch=="R") {
right_movement();
} else if(ch=="S") {
stop_robot();

} else if(ch=="H") {
digitalWrite(relay1,HIGH);
} else if(ch=="D") {
seed_diggerdown();
} else if(ch=="U") {
seed_diggerup();
} else if(ch=="P") {
digitalWrite(relay,HIGH);
} else if(ch=="X") {
// Implement path selection logic for path X
} else if(ch=="Y") {
// Implement path selection logic for path Y
} else if(ch=="Z") {
// Implement path selection logic for path Z
}
}
// Check for obstacles using IR sensor
if(digitalRead(ir)==LOW) {
Serial1.println("OBJECT DETECTED");
stop_robot();
delay(1000);
}
// Check water level using ultrasonic sensor
ultra_check();
}
// Function to move the robot forward
void forward_movement() {
digitalWrite(robot1,HIGH);

}
// Function to move the robot backward
void back_movement() {
}
// Function to turn the robot left
void left_movement() {
}
// Function to turn the robot right
void right_movement() {
}
// Function to stop the robot
void stop_robot() {
digitalWrite(relay,LOW);
digitalWrite(relay1,LOW);
}

// Function to lower the seed sowing mechanism

void seed_diggerdown() {
digitalWrite(motor1,HIGH);
delay(500);
delay(1000);
}
// Function to raise the seed sowing mechanism
void seed_diggerup() {
digitalWrite(motor2,HIGH);
delay(500);
delay(1000);
}
// Function to check water level using ultrasonic sensor
void ultra_check() {
// Trigger ultrasonic sensor
pinMode(trigPin,OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
// Measure distance using echo pin

pinMode(echoPin,INPUT);
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);

distance = duration * 0.034 / 2;

delay(100);
// Map distance to percentage and send to Bluetooth terminal
if(distance>30) {
distance=30;
}
distance=map(distance,0,30,100,0);
Serial1.println("WATER LEVEL="+String(distance)+" %");
delay(1000);
}

CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the design and fabrication of the multipurpose agricultural robot marks a
significant milestone in agricultural innovation. This project aims to address key challenges
faced by farmers, offering solutions that improve efficiency, productivity, and
sustainability in farming practices.
By integrating advanced technologies such as IoT, obstacle detection, and autonomous

navigation, the agricultural robot empowers farmers with unprecedented capabilities to
streamline operations and optimize crop management. Through its multifunctional
capabilities, including seed sowing, spraying, and path mapping, the robot enhances
precision agriculture while reducing reliance on manual labor and resources.
While challenges such as initial investment costs and technical complexity exist, the
potential benefits of the agricultural robot in revolutionizing farming practices are
undeniable. As we continue to refine and enhance this technology, the agricultural robot
holds the promise of driving positive change in the agriculture industry, fostering greater
resilience, productivity, and environmental stewardship for farmers and communities
worldwide.

CHAPTER 9
SCOPE FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS

• Advanced Autonomy and AI Integration:
Explore the integration of advanced autonomy features, including AI-driven decision-
making capabilities. Develop algorithms that enhance the Robot's ability to adapt to
dynamic field conditions, optimize routes, and make real-time decisions for efficient
task execution.
• Machine Learning for Predictive Analytics:

Implement machine learning algorithms for predictive analytics in agriculture. Utilize
historical data, including recorded field paths, to predict optimal planting times, identify
potential yield variations, and optimize resource allocation based on machine learning
insights.
• Real-time Remote Monitoring and Control:

Enhance the remote monitoring and control capabilities, allowing farmers to intervene
or adjust operations in real-time. Develop intuitive interfaces that provide farmers with
actionable insights, enabling them to make informed decisions remotely.
• Sustainable Energy Solutions:

Investigate sustainable energy solutions for smart agricultural Robots. Explore advanced
solar technologies, energy-efficient components, and hybrid power systems to reduce
the environmental impact and increase the overall sustainability of these Robots.
• Human-Machine Interaction Enhancement:

Focus on enhancing the human-machine interaction (HMI) aspect of smart agricultural
Robots. Develop user-friendly interfaces that provide meaningful insights, actionable
data, and a seamless experience for farmers interacting with the Robot's control system
or mobile applications.

• Multi-sensor Fusion for Enhanced Perception:

Investigate multi-sensor fusion techniques to enhance the Robot's perception
capabilities. Integrating data from various sensors, such as LiDAR, radar, and cameras,
can improve obstacle detection, terrain mapping, and overall situational awareness in
complex agricultural environments.
• Dynamic Adaptation to Environmental Factors:

Develop systems that dynamically adapt to environmental factors such as weather
conditions, soil variations, and crop health. Implement real-time adjustments in seeding
rates, spraying intensity, or other parameters based on ongoing environmental
monitoring.
• Collaborative Robotics in Agriculture:

Explore the integration of collaborative robotic systems in agriculture. Develop
solutions where smart Robots can collaborate with other robotic entities to perform tasks
collectively, enhancing overall efficiency and coverage in large-scale farming
operations.
• Affordability and Accessibility Considerations:

Address affordability concerns and ensure the accessibility of smart agricultural
technologies for a wider range of farmers. Explore cost-effective design strategies,
government incentives, and collaborative initiatives to make these technologies more
accessible and beneficial to small-scale farmers.
By exploring these future developments, the scope for smart agricultural Robots extends
beyond individual tasks to encompass holistic, sustainable, and user-centric solutions that
can revolutionize modern farming practices. Continuous innovation and collaboration with
the agricultural community will be essential for the successful implementation of these
advancements.

REFERENCES
• Pankaj Kumar, G. Ashok (2020):

Kumar, P., & Ashok, G. (2020). Design and Fabrication of a Smart Seed Sowing Robot.
Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 10(2), 45-56.
• M. Arun, R. Prathipa, Priyanka S, Akshaya Anand, Chandrika N (2019):
Arun, M., Prathipa, R., Priyanka S., Akshaya A., & Chandrika, N. (2019). Smart
Agriculture Robot: Automation and IoT Integration. International Journal of Agricultural
Technology, 5(1), 112-125.
• N. Kishore, V. Avinash, Chennakeshwar (2019):
Kishore, N., Avinash, V., & Chennakeshwar. (2019). Multipurpose Agricultural Robot:
Cost-effective Solutions for Farming Tasks. Journal of Agriculture and Technology, 8(3),
78-89.
• Gowtham Kumar S N, Anand G Warrier, Chirag B Shetty (2019):
Kumar, G. S. N., Warrier, A. G., & Shetty, C. B. (2019). Multipurpose Agricultural
Vehicle: Integration of Seeding and Mud-Levelling Functions. Journal of Agricultural
Engineering Research, 15(4), 210-225.
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343469581_Design_and_fabrication_of_
smart_seed_sowing_robot
• https://acadpubl.eu/hub/2018-119-15/5/806.pdf
• https://www.ijariit.com/manuscripts/v3i3/V3I3-1425.pdf
• https://www.slideshare.net/irjetjournal/irjet-multipurpose-agricultural-robot
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hO1fFNvt2CM
WEBSITES
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication
• https://www.electroniclinic.com
• https://robocraze.com
• https://www.arduino.cc/en/software
• http://arduino.cc/en/Main/arduinoBoardUno

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VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

JNANA SANGAMA BELAGAVI-590018

PROJECT WORK REPORT

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement of eighth semester

Under the Guidance of

BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Signature of the Guide: Signature of the HOD:

Signature of the Principal:

Name of the Examiners Signature with date

NAME USN SIGNATURE

2. ABHISHEK A KURDEKAR 1BI21ME401

3. AYUSH R LAHANDE 1BI2IME405

We express our sincere thanks to the management of BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF

We would like to thank Dr T V Sreerama Reddy, H.O.D, Department of Mechanical Engineering,

2. ABHISHEK A KURDEKAR (1BI21ME401)

3. AYUSH R LAHANDE (1BI2IME405)

4. HARISH VINAY D (1BI21ME418)

The Multipurpose Agriculture Robot aims to revolutionize traditional farming methods by

FIGURES PARTICULARS PAGE NO

TABLE NO PARTICULAR PAGE NO

"Design and Fabrication of a Multipurpose Agricultural Robot" recognizes the paramount

Department of Mechanical Engineering, BIT, Bengaluru 1

aims to streamline agricultural operations, enhance productivity, and promote sustainable

Accompanied by images depicting conventional farming practices, our project highlights

Figure 1.1 Conventional Farming practices

1.1 NEED OF AGRICULTURAL ROBOTS

Department of Mechanical Engineering, BIT, Bengaluru 2

Department of Mechanical Engineering, BIT, Bengaluru 3

• Real-time Monitoring: Integration with IoT technology enables farmers to remotely

• Dependence on Technology: Malfunctions or technical issues with the robot's

• Compatibility Issues: Integrating the robot with existing farm infrastructure or

Department of Mechanical Engineering, BIT, Bengaluru 4

[1] Pankaj Kumar, G. Ashok– 2020

[2] Arun, Prathipa, Priyanka S, Akshaya Anand, Chandrika N – 2019

[3] N. Kishore, V. Avinash, Chennakeshwar – 2019

[4] Gowtham Kumar S N, Anand G Warrier, Chirag B Shetty - 2019

2.1 LITERATURE SUMMARY

1. Pankaj Kumar, G. Ashok – 2020

• Key Focus: Precision seed dispersal, mobile app control.

2. Arun, Prathipa, Priyanka S, Akshaya Anand, Chandrika N – 2019

3. N. Kishore, V. Avinash, Chennakeshwar – 2019

4. Gowtham Kumar S N, Anand G Warrier, Chirag B Shetty - 2019

Department of Mechanical Engineering, BIT, Bengaluru 6

• Opportunity: Research could focus on developing advanced analytics tools or

2. Lack of Integrated Solutions:

3. No Proper Frame and Design Validation:

• Gap: The literature lacks a comprehensive exploration of frame design validation

• Gap: While obstacle detection is acknowledged as a safety feature, there is an

Department of Mechanical Engineering, BIT, Bengaluru 7

• Opportunity: Future research could investigate the integration of advanced sensors,

5. Human-Machine Interaction (HMI):

Department of Mechanical Engineering, BIT, Bengaluru 8

Department of Mechanical Engineering, BIT, Bengaluru 9

MODELLING AND ANALYSIS

Figure 5.1 Frame CAD Drawing

Figure 5.2 Motor Mounting CAD Drawing

Department of Mechanical Engineering, BIT, Bengaluru 10