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Central Public Sr. Sec.
School
2024-2025 A Project Report on
ZENER DIODE Submitted To
CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION
Under The Supervision Of : Dr. Jitendra Jain
Submitted By : Devraj Singh
Class : XII
Section : Sci. Quartz
BIO-DATA Name : Somya Sanadhya
Mother’s Name : Kiran Sanadhya
Date Of Birth : 29th Nov. 2006
Age : 17
Class : XII-Science
Subject : Chemistry
Aim Of The Project : Effect Of Catalyst
School : Central Public Sr.
CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Devraj Singh of standard XII-Science of Central Public Sr. Sec. School carried out a project on: ZENER DIODE Under my personal guidance and supervision All the work related to this study was done by the candidate and his approach to the subject was sincere.
Mrs. Poonam Rathore External
Examiner (Principal)
Dr.Jitendra Jain (HOD Physics) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT As a student of XII Science it was a pleasant duty to do a project in
Chemistry as a part of the course curriculum prescribed by the Central
Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi. In it’s compliance I chose to
work on the project:
ZENER DIODE
I Received generous help from several in the completion of this project. At
the onset I am deeply indebted Director, Smt. Alka Sharma for providing me
excellent facilities without which it would not have been possible for me to
complete this project .
I place my record, with all my humility, my seniors and thanks to my
respected Principal Mrs. Poonam Rathore for her constant encouragement
and support. It is my pleasure to express a deep sense of gratitude and
veneration to our Subject Teacher Dr. Jitenra Jain for suggesting this to me
to complete it to the best of my ability.
I am also thankful to my parents for their care, support and inspiration at
every step in the completion of this project
Vivek Singh Parmar
AIM
TO DEMONSTRATE THE EFFECTS OF
CATALYST AND ITS PRACTICAL USES
PURPOSE
The purpose of this project is to
understand how catalyst affect the chemical reaction and mention the real life uses of catalysts.
The goal is to help you see how these
concepts are used practically in various industries and in our daily routines. CONTENTS
1) Introduction 2) Theory 3) Some common Catalysts 4) Uses of catalysts 5) Conclusion Introduction
A catalyst is a substance which speeds up a
reaction, but is chemically unchanged at its end. When the reaction has finished, the mass of catalyst is the same as at the beginning.
It was discovered by Jons Jacob Berzelius, a Swedish
Chemist who is considered as one of the founders of modern chemistry.
According to him, a catalyst was a substance able to
start a reaction without taking part in it and thus without being consumed. Theory
Catalysis is the increase in rate of a chemical reaction
due to an added substance known as a catalyst. Catalysts are not consumed by the reaction and remain unchanged after it. If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recycles quickly, very small amounts of catalyst often suffice; mixing, surface area, and temperature are important factors in reaction rate. Catalysts generally react with one or more reactants to form intermediates that subsequently give the final reaction product, in the process of regenerating the catalyst. The rate increase occurs because the catalyst allows the reaction to occur by an alternative mechanism which may be much faster than the non-catalyzed mechanism A range of industrial catalysts in pellet form
