WORKSHEET 2 (2)

Wolkite University
College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Worksheet II- On The Course Turbo-Machinery ( Meng4221 )

1. Plot diagram showing enthalpy, velocity, and pressure distribution for:
a) An impulse or zero reaction turbo-machines and a reaction (zero-impulse) turbo-machine?
b) An axial flow turbo-machine , eg: axial flow compressor and radial flow turbo machine, eg:
centrifugal compressor
Example 1.
The rotor shown in Figure below a rotates at a constant angular velocity of ω= 100 rad/s. Although the
fluid initially approaches the rotor in an axial direction, the flow across the blades is primarily radial.
Measurements indicate that the absolute velocity at the inlet and outlet are V1 = 12 m/s and V2 = 15
m/s, respectively. Is this device a pump or a turbine?
Solution
• If the tangential component f the force of the blade on the fluid is in the direction of the blade
motion (a pump) or opposite to it (a turbine).
• The inlet and outlet blade
• U1 = r1=10m/s
• U1 = r1=20m/s
•
• The inlet velocity triangle
• The outlet velocity triangle

• At the inlet there is no component of absolute velocity in the direction of rotation; at the outlet
this component is not zero. That is, the blade pushes and turns the fluid in the direction of the
blade motion, thereby doing work on the fluid. This device is a pump.
Example 2. (NPSH)
A centrifugal pump is to be placed above a large, open water tank ,as shown in Fig. 12.13, and is to
pump water at a rate of 0.5ft3/s. At this flow rate the required net positive suction head, NPSHR, is
15 ft, as specified by the pump manufacturer. If the water temperature is 80ºF and atmospheric
pressure is 14.7 psi, determine the maximum height, z1, that the pump can be located above the
water surface without cavitation. Assume that the major loss between the tank and the pump inlet is
due to filter at the pipe inlet having a minor loss coefficient kL = 20. Other losses can be neglected.
The pipe on the suction side of the pump has a diameter of 4 in. If you were required to place a
valve in the flow path would you place it upstream or downstream of the pump? Why?
Solution
𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑃𝑉
• Using Eqn. (25): 𝑁𝑃𝑆𝐻𝐴 = − 𝑍1 − ∑ ℎ𝐿 − or
𝛾 𝛾
PA  PT
 ges  Z s   Es avail  y
PT
Es  
  where
𝑃𝑉 𝑜𝑟 𝑃𝑇 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒
• and the maximum value for z1 will occur when 𝑁𝑃𝑆𝐻𝐴 =𝑁𝑃𝑆𝐻𝑅
𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑃𝑉
• 𝑍1,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = − ∑ ℎ𝐿 − − 𝑁𝑃𝑆𝐻𝑅
𝛾 𝛾
𝑄 𝑉2
• 𝑉=𝐴 ∑ ℎ𝐿 = 𝐾𝐿 = ⋯ . . =
2𝑔
• 𝑍1,𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
The specific speed is also used to classify pumps, the reason why the specific speed is also called type
number.
Low specific speed Ns ≤ 2600 (centrifugal pumps)
Medium specific speed 2600< Ns ≤ 5000 (mixed flow pumps)
High specific speed 5000 < Ns < 10000 (axial flow pumps)
Note: the Ns is computed with Q in l/s and H in m.
The specific speed is also used to classify Turbines:

Values of Nshape, nq and ns:
1000Nshape nq ns
Slow- running 33 to 120 11 to 38 40 to 140

rotor
Medium-running 120 to 250 38 to 82 140 to 300

rotor
Fast –running 250 to 500 82 to 164 300 to 600

rotor
axial-flow rotor 330 to 1500 110 to 500 400 to 1800
What is the difference Stages in pumps and stages in turbine and compressor?
Effect of operating pumps in (a) series and (b) in parallel.

Example 3. (Specific Speed)
A centrifugal pump is required to be made to lift water through 105 m heights from a well. Number
of identical pumps having their designed speed 900 rpm and specific speed 700 rpm with a rated
discharge of 5500 l/min are available. Determine the number of pumps required and how they
should be connected?
Solution
Specific speed for a single impeller is given by
𝑁√𝑄
𝑁𝑠 =
𝐻 3/4
5500
𝑁𝑠 = 700, 𝐻 = 105 𝑁 = 900, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄 = = 91.61𝑙/𝑠
60
Substituting ,
900√91,67
700 = H=28m
𝐻 3/4
Hence, number of stages required

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑑
𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒
105/28=4 stages in series
Example 3. (Specific speed and Power)
A two stage centrifugal pump is designed to discharge 55 l/s at a head of 70 m. If the overall
efficiency is 76% and specific speed per stage about 38, find (1) the running speed in rpm and
(2) the power required to run pump. If the actual manometric head developed is 65% of the
theoretical head, assuming no slip, the outlet angle of the blades 28 ͦ and radial velocity at exit
0.14 times the impeller tip speed at exit, find the diameter of impeller.
Solution
1. The specific speed
𝑁√𝑄
𝑁𝑠 =
𝐻 3/4
𝑁𝑠 𝐻 3/4 38(70/2)3/4
𝑁= = = 2327𝑟𝑝𝑚
√𝑄 √55 × 10−3
2. 𝑄 = 55 × 10−3 m/s
power required to drive pump
𝜌𝑔𝑄𝐻 1000 × 9.81 × 55 × 10−3 × 70
= =
0.76 0.76 × 1000
= 49.7𝑘𝑊
𝐻𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.65𝐻.
𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝛽2 = 28° 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶𝑟2 = 0.14𝑈2 .
from velocity triangle at outlet
𝐶𝑟2
tan 𝛽2 = 𝑈 −𝐶
2 𝑤2
Or
0.14𝑈2
tan 28° =
𝑈2 − 𝐶𝑤2
𝑈2 0.5317
= = 3.798 ……………………………………..equation A
𝑈2 −𝐶𝑤2 0.14
As the flow at entrance is radial and 𝛼1 = 90° the fundamental equation of pump would be
𝐻𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑜 𝑈2 𝐶𝑤2
=
𝜂𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑜 𝑔
Where, 𝜂𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑜 : manometric efficiency of pump which is 65%. Therefore,
35 × 9.81
𝑈2 𝐶𝑤2 =
0.65
Substituting for 𝐶𝑤2 in Eq. (A) and solving
𝑈2
= 3.798
528.23
𝑈2 − 𝑈
2
𝑈2 = 26.78𝑚/𝑠
Exercise :
Water is pumped at the rate of 5.2996 m3/min. through a centrifugal pump operating at a speed of 1750
rpm. The impeller has a uniform blade length, b, of 5.08cm with r1 = 4.826cm and r2 = 17.78 cm.
and the exit blade angle is β=23º. Assume ideal flow conditions and that the tangential velocity
component, Vθ1, of the water entering the blade is zero (α1=90 º). Determine (a) the tangential velocity
component, Vθ2, at the exit, Draw the necessary velocity triangles! (b) The ideal head rise, hi, and (c)
the power, 𝑊̇𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 , transferred to the fluid. Discuss the difference between ideal and actual head rise.
Is the power, 𝑊̇𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 , ideal or actual? Explain

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Wolkite University

College of Engineering and Technology

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Worksheet II- On The Course Turbo-Machinery ( Meng4221 )

• The outlet velocity triangle

The specific speed is also used to classify Turbines:

Slow- running 33 to 120 11 to 38 40 to 140

Medium-running 120 to 250 38 to 82 140 to 300

Fast –running 250 to 500 82 to 164 300 to 600

axial-flow rotor 330 to 1500 110 to 500 400 to 1800

Effect of operating pumps in (a) series and (b) in parallel.

Hence, number of stages required

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