23UHV02-UHV SYLLABUS AND NOTES

DHANALAKSHMI SRINIVASAN UNIVERSITY
Samayapuram, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu - 621 112.
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSAL HUMAN VALUES- II
23UHV02
SYLLABUS & LECTURE NOTES
IIIYrB.TECH /V-SEMESTER
AI&DS,CYS,CSE,IT,&BME
Prepared by:
Dr. V.HELAN SINTHIYA / AP
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS &
UHV-Coordinator/SET-DSU
-
23UHV02 Universal Human values – II L T P C
2 1 0 3
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• Development of a holistic perspective based on self- exploration about

themselves (human being), family, society and nature/existence.
• Understanding (or developing clarity) of the harmony in the human being,
family, society and nature/existence.
• Strengthening of self-reflection.
• Development of commitment and courage to act.
Unit 1 Course Introduction - Need, Basic Guidelines, 9 Hours

Content and Process for Value Education
Self-Exploration- Content & process, Natural acceptance and experimental
validation, Continuous Happiness and Prosperity, Right understanding,
Relationship and Physical Facility- the basic requirements for fulfilment of
aspirations of every human being with their correct priority, Understanding
Happiness and Prosperity correctly- A critical appraisal of the current scenario.
Unit 2 Understanding Harmony in the Human Being 9 Hours
Understanding human being – as a co-existence, needs of happiness and physical

facility, as an instrument, harmony within the body.
Unit 3 Understanding Harmony in the Family and 9 Hours

Society
Understanding values in human-human relationship, Understanding the meaning of

trust, respect, harmony in the society
Unit 4 Understanding Harmony in the Nature and 9 Hours

Existence
Understanding the harmony in the Nature, Interconnectedness and mutual

fulfilment among the four orders of nature- recyclability and self-regulation in
nature, Understanding Existence as Co-existence of mutually interacting units in
all-pervasive space, Holistic perception of harmony at all levels of existence.
Unit 5 Implications of the above Holistic 9 Hours
Understanding of Harmony on Professional
Ethics
Natural acceptance of human values, Definitiveness of Ethical Human Conduct,

Basis for Humanistic Education, Humanistic Constitution and Humanistic
Universal Order , Competence in professional ethics.
Course Outcomes:
• By the end of the course, students are expected to become more aware of
themselves, and their surroundings.
• They would also become sensitive to their commitment towards what they
have understood.
• They would become more responsible in life, and in handling problems with
sustainable solutions, while keeping human relationships and human nature
in mind.
Text Book:
Human Values and Professional Ethics by R R Gaur, R Sangal, G P Bagaria, Excel

Books, New Delhi, 2010
Reference Books:
1. Human Values, A.N. Tripathi, New Age Intl. Publishers, New Delhi, 2004.
2. The Story of My Experiments with Truth - by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi.
3. Economy of Permanence - J C Kumarappa
4. Rediscovering India - by Dharampal
5. Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule - by Mohandas K. Gandhi
6. India Wins Freedom - Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad
7. Vivekananda - Romain Rolland (English)
UNIVERSAL HUMAN VALUES-2
UNIT-1
Unit – I: Course Introduction - Need, Basic Guidelines, Content and Process for Value
Education
• Purpose and motivation for the course, recapitulation from Universal Human Values-I
• Self-Exploration–what is it? - Its content and process; „Natural Acceptance‟ and
Experiential Validation as the process for self-exploration
• Continuous Happiness and Prosperity- A look at basic Human Aspirations
• Right understanding, Relationship and Physical Facility- the basic requirements for
fulfillment of aspirations of every human being with their correct priority
• Understanding Happiness and Prosperity correctly- A critical appraisal of the current
scenario
• Method to fulfill the above human aspirations: understanding and living in harmony at
various levels.
Include practice sessions to discuss natural acceptance in human being as the innate
acceptance for living with responsibility (living in relationship, harmony and co-existence)
rather than as arbitrariness in choice based on liking-disliking
Need for Value Education

All human beings aspire for a happy, fulfilling life. For a human being, there
are two importantquestions pertaining to this:
• What is my aspiration? (What to do?)
• How to fulfill my aspiration? (How to do?)
The purpose of education is to facilitate the development of clarity on the

aspiration and adequatecompetence to actualize it.
For this, it is essential to understand what a happy, fulfilling and successful life is –
what is really valuable for human being; what is our purpose as a human being?
Understanding human aspiration, or what is really valuable for human being, is the
value domain. The subject which enables us to understand this domain is called „Value
Education‟ (VE). It enables us to understand our aspirations and visualize our goals
for a fulfilling life and indicates the direction for their fulfillment. In relation to these
issues, it also helps to remove our confusions and contradictions. In that sense, VE
addresses the issues relatedto „what to do?‟.
It is also necessary to learn the skills to actualize our aspirations. This is the skill
domain. The subject which enables us to learn the skills is called „Skill Development‟
(SD). It enables us to learn the science, technology, management and other skills for
fulfilling our aspiration. In that sense, SD addresses the issues related to „how to
do?‟.
Values and skills go hand in hand. Both values and skills are required. There is an
essential complementarity between the two. The priority is values, then skills; i.e.
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first understanding „what todo‟ and then developing the skills for „how to do‟. And of
course, checking if this results into a fulfilling life!
The present education system has largely become skill-biased. For developing
skills, the prime emphasis is on science and technology, without a base of values.
Skills can only help to provide the means to achieve what is considered valuable. It
is not within the scope of science and technology to provide a way to decide what
really is valuable. The consequence of skill-based education is clearly visible in the
form of serious crises at the individual, societal and environmental level. Thus, there
is astrong need to rectify this situation. Value education is a crucial missing link in
the present educationsystem.
But more importantly, the prime need of value education is to understand human
aspirations, to discover what is truly valuable in life; and work out the program for its
fulfillment.
Guidelines for Value Education

For any input to qualify for Value Education, the following guidelines for the
content of the course areimportant:
Universal: It has to be universally applicable to all human beings for all time and all
places. This implies that values should not change according to sect, creed,
nationality, gender, etc.
Rational: It has to appeal to reasoning; and not be based on dogmas or blind beliefs.
It has to be open to address the related questions. It cannot be a set of sermons or
do‟s and don‟ts.
Natural and Verifiable: It has to be 'naturally acceptable' to the human being and there
needs to be every provision in nature for its fulfillment. It needs to be experientially
verifiable, and not based on dogmas, beliefs or assumptions. It is not merely an
intellectual exercise or information transfer.
All Encompassing: It needs to cover all dimensions (thought, behaviour, work and
understanding) and levels (individual, family, society and nature/existence) of
human life.
Leading to Harmony: It ultimately needs to promote harmony within the individual,
among human beings and with the entire nature.
Content of Value Education

The value of an entity is its participation in the larger order of which it is a
part. The context is always the larger order. Value has to do with the participation
of a unit in the larger order. E.g. a pieceof chalk is a unit. The classroom is the larger
order for this unit. The value of chalk is that it can be used to write on the blackboard
for the desired functioning of the classroom.
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The value or role of a human being is its participation in the larger order. E.g. my role
in living with the other human being is to ensure the feeling of respect in the
relationship. Interestingly, I feel happy in fulfilling my role; and it is fulfilling for
the other as well!
This value is worth understanding, worth thinking about, worth living. The value of
human being is to ensure mutual fulfillment in the larger order 1, i.e. in the entire
nature/existence, but starting from withinthemselves, then extending in their family
and in the society.
Hence, to understand human values, we need to study the human reality along with
all that is there in the entire nature/existence which constitutes the larger order. We
need to explore and understand things as they are; so that we are able to recognize and
fulfill our participation with them.
That means the content or scope of study has to be all encompassing, i.e.
• It has to cover all dimensions of human being – thought, behaviour, work and
realization.
• It has to cover all levels of human living – individual, family, society, nature
and existence.
Accordingly, the content of Value Education has to be to understand human being,

human aspirations, happiness; understand the goal of human life comprehensively;
understand the other entities in nature, the innate inter-connectedness, the harmony in
the nature/existence and finally the role of human beingin this nature/existence.
Continuous Happiness and Prosperity as Basic Human Aspirations

Whatever we think, whatever we do is with some end state in mind. That end state is our
basic aspiration.
When you ask yourself:

• Do I want to be happy?
• Do I want to be prosperous?
• Do I want the continuity of happiness and prosperity?
The answers are in affirmative yes. We have a natural acceptance for continuity of
happiness and prosperity. These are our basic aspirations.
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Basic Requirements for Fulfillment of Human Aspirations
When we try to find out if we have fulfilled our basic aspiration, it is not always so
affirmative. Thereis quite a gap between our basic aspiration and our state of being.
When we reflect on all the effort we are making, we can easily see that we are
generally working foraccumulation of physical facility!
The basic problem is that we have assumed that „happiness and prosperity will
automatically comewhen we have enough physical facility‟.
This is something we need to explore in our own life. Where are we putting in our
effort?
If continuity of happiness and prosperity is not achieved by just accumulating

physical facility then what else is essential to do? Let‟s try to find out by asking this
question to ourselves:
Is the unhappiness in my family
▪ More due to lack of physical facility or
▪ More due to lack of fulfillment in relationship?
When you explore into it, you will find that the major reason for the unhappiness in
the family is the lack of fulfillment in relationship and not just the lack of physical
facility.
Now to look at the investment of your effort, find out:

▪ How much time and effort you are investing for physical facility, and
▪ How much time and effort you are investing for fulfillment in
relationship?
Generally, most of the time and effort is being invested for physical facility,
assuming that everythingis going to be fine when there is enough physical facility, and
there will be no unhappiness in the family.
The problems are more due to lack of fulfillment in relationship, and we are investing
major part of ourtime and effort for physical facility.
With this discussion, the conclusion that we want to draw out of this is a very simple
one:
For human being physical facility is necessary, but relationship is also necessary.
In fact, by seeing this, we can understand the difference between animals and human
beings. Physical facility is necessary for animals as well as for human beings. For
animals, it is necessary as well as adequate. But when it comes to human beings,
that is not the case – physical facility is a necessity, butphysical facility alone is not
going to suffice for the fulfillment of human being.
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When a human being has lack of physical facility, (s)he becomes uncomfortable
and unhappy. Once (s)he gets the physical facility, (s)he forgets about it and starts
thinking about many other things.
So, we can conclude that physical facility is necessary for animals; it is necessary
for human beingsalso. However:
• For animals, physical facility is necessary as well as adequate.
• For human beings, physical facility is necessary, but physical facility alone is
not adequate.
While we do have a natural acceptance to live in relationship, are we actually able

to ensure living in relationship? Have we understood this or just assumed it? To
explore this further, find out if:
1. You want to live in relationship (harmony) with others or
2. You want to live in opposition with others or
3. You believe, living has to be necessarily in opposition with others, i.e. there
is 'struggle for survival', „survival of the fittest‟ and if you feel happy living
this way?
A little introspection will show that out of these three, what is naturally acceptable is
the first one. Youcertainly do not want to live in opposition with others. But you may
be conditioned to think in a manner as mentioned in the third option. If we adopt the
third option, it has significant negative implications in our life, in the family and in
the society. We can see this all around today.
In relationship, what is generally happening today is something like this:

Every time when there is fight, we want to resolve it. We start the next day with
the thought that we don’t want to fight today; but a fight takes place again
(sometimes by the end of the sameday).
Does this happen with you, with your brother, sister, father, mother, spouse, children,
with your friends, co-workers, etc.? Getting irritated, angry, not speaking for days,
dragging each other to court, divorces, etc. are indicators of the situation in
relationship.
For ensuring fulfilment in relationship, it is necessary to have right understanding

about relationship.
From the preceding discussion, it may be concluded that for fulfilment of human
being– physical facility, relationship and right understanding – all three are
necessary.
We can see that physical facility, relationship and right understanding are three
distinct realities. All three are required for fulfilment of human being. One cannot
be substituted for the other.
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If we investigate into the priority among these, we can see that right understanding is
the first priority, fulfilment in relationship with human being is the second priority
and ensuring physical facility withrest of nature is the third priority.
Right Understanding, Relationship and Physical Facility
Human being wants to live with continuous happiness and prosperity and this is
possible by ensuringright understanding, fulfilment in relationship and physical facility
in the correct priority. This is living with „human consciousness‟.
On the other hand, if one is living for physical facility alone, and not ensuring right
understanding andright feeling in relationship, s(he) feels unhappy and makes others
unhappy too. This is one outcome.
The other outcome is that if the right understanding is missing, one is not able to
identify the need for physical facility. Now, if we are not able to identify our need
for physical facility then regardless of how much physical facility we accumulate, we
never feel that we have enough. We keep wanting more. This feeling of not having
enough is the feeling of deprivation. As a result, one is deprived, exploiting and
depriving others.
While physical facility alone may suffice for animals, it is not adequate for human
being to be fulfilled. Under this condition, one is living with „animal consciousness‟.
There are generally two kinds of people today:

1. Those lacking physical facility, unhappy and deprived
2. Those having physical facility, and yet unhappy
and deprivedTry to find out where you are – at 1 or at 2?
Whereas we really want to be is in the following state, i.e.

3. Having physical facility, happy and prosperous.
It is easy to see that we naturally want to be in the state 3, of having more than required
physical facility, happy and prosperous. However, today we seem to be at 1 or 2 and
our effort is generally for 2. You can see that what is called development today
largely takes us from „1‟ to „2‟.
Now, if we are able to ensure all three, i.e. right understanding, relationship and
physical facility, in that order of priority, let us see the outcome (refer to fig. 3-5).
• Through right feeling in relationship, based on right understanding, we can
ensure mutual happiness – happiness for ourselves as well as happiness for
others.
• With right understanding, we can identify the need for physical facility. We can
also learn how to produce using a mutually enriching production process.
Once we are able to ensure the availability of more than required physical
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facility, we have a feeling of prosperity; isn‟t it?
Development of Human Consciousness

We can clearly envisage holistic development as the transformation of
consciousness –to human consciousness. Of course, it will necessitate working on
all three – right understanding, fulfilment inrelationship as well as physical facility;
and in that order of priority.
Role of Education-Sanskar
(Enabling the Transformation to Human Consciousness)
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The role of education is essentially to facilitate holistic development, i.e. the
individual transformation to human consciousness as well as the societal
transformation to a humane society.
For this, the education-sanskar has to ensure:
1. Right understanding in every child,
2. The capacity to live in relationship with other human beings, and
3. The capacity to identify the need for physical facility, the skills and practice
for sustainable production of more than what is required, leading to the
feeling of prosperity.
Education is developing the right understanding (holistic perspective).
Sanskar is the commitment, preparation and practice of living with right

understanding. The preparation includes learning appropriate skills and
technology.
Key Takeaways
The prime need of value education is to understand human aspirations, to discover what
is truly valuable (human value) in life. Value of any entity is its participation in the
larger order of which it is a part. The value of human being is its participation
towards mutual fulfillment (harmony) starting from within themselves, then
extending in their family, in the society and in nature. The content of value education
has to be universal, rational, natural, verifiable and leading to harmony. The process of
value education has to be a process of self-exploration, rather than being
prescriptive.
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The basic aspiration of a human being is continuity of happiness and prosperity. To
fulfill this, three things are required in order of priority: right understanding,
relationship and physical facility, and onecannot be substituted for the other.
Human consciousness is living with continuous happiness and prosperity by

ensuring right understanding, fulfillment in relationship and physical facility in the
correct priority. Holistic development is the transformation from animal
consciousness to human consciousness. Education- sanskar has the most significant
role to play in this transformation.
Process of Value Education – Self-exploration

Human Values can be understood by an appropriate process of self-discovery,
because they arepotentially there in each and every human being. There is already
a natural acceptance for values in ahuman being. It is only that we have to discover
them or become aware of them. Thus, the process forValue Education has to be that
of self-exploration, and not of giving sermons or telling dos & don'ts. Whatever is
found as truth or reality may be stated as a proposal and every student is to be
encouragedto verify it on his/her own right.
You can check if you want to be able to decide on your own right or you want
somebody else to decidefor you? This somebody may be a group of people; it may
be the society or the education system, etc.If you are not able to decide on your own
right then:
• Someone else is programming you (deciding what is valuable and what is not
valuable for you)
• Unconsciously you keep accepting those things as values
• You get busy with how to implement them, how to realise them and materialise
them
This process of Self-exploration has to be in the form of a dialogue – a dialogue

between the teacher and student to begin with; and finally, within the student –
between „what I am‟ and „what I really want to be‟, which is the innate natural
acceptance.
What is Self-exploration?
It is a process of seeing the reality on our own right, by our own investigation,
observation and analysis. Through this process, we are trying to understand the
reality that exists and our participation with it; this participation is what we are
calling values.
The first step is to verify the given proposal on your own right, by referring it to
your „natural acceptance‟. If the proposal is naturally acceptable to you, it is right
for you. If it is not naturally acceptable to you, it is not right for you.
Further, self-exploration is a process of dialogue. To begin with, it is initiated as a

dialogue between us and you. This course systematically presents a series of
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proposals for your exploration. As you explore,you try to verify the proposals and start
asking these questions to yourself. Then, it turns into a dialogue within your own Self.
The Dialogue Within

It is a dialogue between “what I am” and “what is naturally acceptable to me”.
“What I am” has to do with my desires, my thoughts, my expectations; all that is

going on in my imagination. It includes the way I feel, the way I think, how I make
decisions, what I expect from others and all that. It is my current competence on the
basis of which I live.
“What is naturally acceptable to me” is what I really want to be, that is my natural
acceptance. It is my intention. It is a basic reference which is a part and parcel of
every human being. We may or may not be referring to it at present, but it is always
there.
When we are in harmony within, we are in state of happiness. When we are in a
state of contradictionwithin, we are in the state of unhappiness.
Therefore:
Happiness is to be in a state of harmony.
Unhappiness is to be forced to be in a state of contradiction.
We don't want to be in contradiction, so whenever there is contradiction, we want to

run away from it; but if we cannot run away, and if we are forced to be in that state,
we call it unhappiness.
It is possible for each one of us to do this self-exploration. The dialogue within

constitutes the majorpart of it. Through this, we:
1. Discover our natural acceptance
2. Become aware of “what I am”
3. Can make effort to ensure harmony and happiness within by ensuring that
“what I am” is inline with my natural acceptance.
The Content for Self-exploration

The content for self-exploration has two sub-parts:
a) Desire: What is our basic aspiration?
b) Program: What is the way to fulfil this basic aspiration?
If we are able to get the answer to these two things, practically all our questions are
answered
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The Process of Self-exploration
Whatever is stated here is a proposal; do not assume it to be true or false, right or
wrong. Verify it – verify it on your own right, on the basis of your natural
acceptance. This is the first part of the process.
The second part of self-exploration is experiential validation. It means trying to live

according to the proposal. In living, there are two parts – one is the behaviour with
other human beings and the second is work with rest of nature. When we are
behaving with human being on the basis of this proposal, we want to verify whether
it leads to mutual happiness or not. If it leads to mutual happiness, it is a right
proposal; if it does not lead to mutual happiness, it is not a right proposal. Similarly,
when we are working with rest of nature on the basis of this proposal, we want to
verify whether it leads to mutualprosperity or not. If it leads to mutual prosperity, it
is a right proposal; if it does not lead to mutual prosperity, it is not a right proposal.
Understanding Natural Acceptance – the basis for Right Understanding

(Distinguishing between acceptance and natural acceptance)
Natural acceptance has to do with something fundamental, something related to our

purpose, something related to our basic desires. When we ask a question related to
these, we get a definite answer from ournatural acceptance. For example,
• Is happiness naturally acceptable or is unhappiness naturally acceptable?
• Is it naturally acceptable to live in relationship or in opposition?
• What is naturally acceptable – to nurture your Body or to exploit it?
For all these questions, we get a definite answer when we refer to our natural
acceptance.
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On the other hand, we have an acceptance for our likes and dislikes, assumptions,
pre-conditionings, beliefs, world-view, perspective, etc. but these may or may not be
naturally acceptable to us.
Of course, all acceptances are not wrong. Passing them through our natural
acceptance will validate them and contribute to our self-confidence.
Some of the characteristics of natural acceptance are:

• It does not change with time
• It does not change with place
• It does not change with the individual
• It is uncorrupted by likes and dislikes or assumptions or beliefs
• It is innate, a part and parcel of our being; we don’t need to create it
• It is definite
As we refer to our natural acceptance, we become self-referential.
To conclude, the complete process of self-exploration yields right understanding as

the tangible outcome.
Right understanding obtained through self-exploration can be recognised as follows:

a. It is assuring
b. It is satisfying
c. It is universal
i. Time: It holds good for all time – past, present and future
ii. Space: It is the same at all places or locations
iii. Individual: It is the same for every human being
In case the outcome of self-exploration does not fulfil any of the above three criteria,
it means that it is not the right understanding. It could be a pre-conditioning or we
have made a mistake in looking into our natural acceptance and so, we need to
continue exploring.
Self-exploration ultimately results in right understanding of the entire existence, i.e.
“realisation of co- existence”, “understanding of harmony” and “contemplation of
relationship”.
Key Takeaways
Self-exploration is a process of seeing the reality on our own right, by our own
investigation, observation and analysis. It is a process of dialogue between “what I
am” and “what is naturally acceptable to me”. It includes verifying the proposals on
the basis of natural acceptance (which is notthe same as acceptance) and validating
experientially in living.
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Exploring the Meaning of Happiness and Prosperity
As stated earlier, the proposal for happiness is:

“The state or situation, in which I live, if there is harmony / synergy in it, it is Naturally
Acceptable tome to be in that state / situation”.
“To be in a state / situation which is Naturally Acceptable is Happiness”.
i.e. “To be in a state of Harmony / Synergy is Happiness”.
i.e. Happiness = Harmony.
Some exploration will show that when we are in a state of harmony within, we feel happy
because that state is naturally acceptable to us. When we are in a situation with the
outside world in which there is harmony, we feel happy as the feeling of being in that
situation is naturally acceptable to us. This state or situation of being in line with natural
acceptance is happiness. Similarly,
“The state or situation, in which I live, if there is disharmony / contradiction in it, it is

not NaturallyAcceptable to me to be in that state / situation”.
“To be forced to be in a state / situation which is not Naturally Acceptable is
Unhappiness”.
i.e. “To be forced to be in a state of Disharmony / Contradiction is Unhappiness”.
i.e. Unhappiness = Disharmony.
Is Happiness the same as Excitement?
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The question is whether the feeling that we get is happiness or something else.
• What we get from the favourable sensation = happiness?
• Is the favourable feeling we get from the other = happiness?
What we get in both cases is a sort of momentary happiness. This is what is called as
excitement. There is confusion between excitement and happiness (a harmonious state
within). Excitement is short lived, not sustainable, while a harmonious state within is
something which can be continuous andsustainable.
Exploring the Meaning of Prosperity
Prosperity is the feeling of having more than required physical facility.
There are two basic requirements:

1. Right assessment of the need for physical facility, along with its required quantity.
2. Ensuring the availability/production of more than required physical facility.
We can have a feeling of prosperity only if we are able to do the right assessment of our
physical needs. The right assessment of physical needs, along with their required
quantity, will come through right understanding. Without that right assessment, the
feeling of prosperity cannot be assured, regardless of the availability or accumulation of
physical facility that we may have been able to do.
Just assessing the need is not enough. We need to ensure the availability or production of
more than the required quantity. This requires skills, technology and production. With
both of these, right assessment and availability, we have more than required physical
facility. Over and above that, it is a matter of feeling that we have more than enough.
When you have a feeling of prosperity, you will naturally think of nurturing and
enriching others. On the other hand, if we feel deprived then we think of exploiting and
depriving others.
Prevailing Notions of Prosperity

By and large, there is confusion between accumulation of physical facility and the feeling
of prosperity. It is generally assumed that the richer you are, the more prosperous you
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are, i.e. the more you have accumulated, the more prosperous you are. With this sort of
assumption, we pursue prosperity with anobsession for profit, for accumulation. That is
happening all around. The major focus in the society today is on accumulation of
physical facility. In particular, there is a major focus on accumulating money.
Today, most of the wealth (money) in the world is owned by a very tiny percentage of
people. Many such people are seen exploiting others, and exploiting the Earth, in an
effort to accumulate even more. Without clarity about how much is required, the effort is
for an unlimited quantity of physical facility, and by almost any means. First the efforts
may be by legal means, and then slip to even illegal means. This is all because the
quantity required is undefined and there is a feeling of deprivation!
Program for Continuity of Happiness

The expanse of our living is at the following four levels:
1. As an Individual human being
2. As a member of a family
3. As a member of society
4. As a unit in nature/existence
We are living with all this expanse of our being, at these four levels; of course, we may
or may not beaware of it.
Therefore, the programme for ensuring the continuity of happiness is:
To understand the harmony at all levels of being:

and 1. At the level of the individual human being
To live in harmony 2. At the level of family
3. At the level of society and
4. At the level of nature/existence
Key Takeaways
Happiness is to be in a state of harmony. The expanse of our living is at four levels
(individual humanbeing, family, society and nature/existence), and thus the program for
continuity of happiness is to be in harmony at all these levels. Prosperity is the feeling of
having more than required physical facility.
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Unit– II: Understanding Harmony in the Human Being - Harmony in Myself!

• Understanding human being as a co-existence of the sentient „I‟ and the material
„Body‟
• Understanding the needs of Self („I‟) and „Body‟ - happiness and physical facility
• Understanding the Body as an instrument of „I‟ (I being the doer, seer and enjoyer)
• Understanding the characteristics and activities of „I‟ and harmony in „I‟
• Understanding the harmony of I with the Body: Sanyam and Health; correct appraisal
of Physical needs, meaning of Prosperity in detail
• Programs to ensure Sanyam and Health.
Include practice sessions to discuss the role others have played in making material goods
available to me. Identifying from one‟s own life. Differentiate between prosperity and
accumulation. Discuss program for ensuring health vs dealing with disease
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Now we will start exploring the four levels of living of a human being, starting
from the level ofindividual.
Understanding the Human Being

(As Co-existence of Self and Body)
We are human beings; and we need to first understand ourselves.
So, what is a human being? The proposal is that human being is co-existence of the
Self and the Body. Self is what we term as „I‟ and Body is what we see with our
eyes.
To understand the two realities, we can start by looking at the needs, activities and
response of the Selfand the Body.
The Needs of the Self and the Body

The need of the Self is happiness (e.g. feeling of respect leading to happiness) while
the need of the Body is physical facility (e.g. food). All the needs related to the Self
are continuous in time while all the needs related to the Body are required for a
limited time. This is one way we can differentiate between the need of the Self and
the need of the Body.
The other way to see the difference between the two is in terms of quantity and
quality. The need forfood is quantitative in nature. We can identify the quantity of the
food needed to nurture our body. Same is the case with the need of clothes, shelter,
etc. On the other hand, the feeling of respect, trust, etc. isnot quantitative. We don‟t
say, „today I got half kg of respect‟ or „two metres of trust‟. These feelings are
qualitative in nature.
Now, let us see how these two different types of needs are fulfilled. The need for
food is fulfilled by something physical. But when it comes to the need for respect, it
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is fulfilled by the feeling of respect.All the needs related to the Body are fulfilled by
some physio-chemical things. All the needs related tothe Self are in terms of feeling,
and they are fulfilled by right understanding and right feeling.
The Activities of the Self and the Body

The Self has the activity of desire, thought and expectation which are continuous.
On the other hand,any activity of the Body, like eating, walking, etc. is temporary in
time.
The Response of the Self and the Body
The response of the Body is based on recognizing and fulfilling whereas the
response of the Self is based on knowing, assuming, recognizing and fulfilling. The
recognition and fulfilment of the Body isdefinite, while that of Self is determined by
the activity of assuming. As assumption changes, the recognition and fulfilment by
the Self also changes. The conduct of the human being basically depends upon the
response of the Self, as all decisions are made by the Self. Only with the assumptions
set right,
i.e. assuming based on knowing (which is definite), can recognising and fulfilling be set
right; and only then, the conduct can become definite.
All the problems of a human being are due to assumptions without knowing, and
the solution lies in ensuring the activity of knowing. And this is possible only
through education-sanskar.
The Self as the Consciousness Entity, the Body as the Material Entity
The Self and the Body are two different types of reality. The Self is the domain of
consciousness, which is characterised by the activity of knowing, assuming,
recognising and fulfilling. The Body is the domain of material and it only has the
activity of recognising and fulfilling.
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Happiness is the need of the consciousness and it is fulfilled by right understanding

and right feeling, which are activities of the consciousness itself. The Body is a
material unit, its needs are material in nature and they are fulfilled by physio-
chemical things.
To understand the human being, both the domain of consciousness as well as the
domain of material needs to be understood. For human being to be fulfilled, both
domains need to be fulfilled separately.
Key Takeaways
Human being is co-existence of the Self (Consciousness) and the Body (Material).
This can be seen on the basis of exploring into the need, fulfilment of need, activity
and response of the Self and the Body. In particular, the response of the body is
definite while the response of the self depends on assuming.With assuming based on
knowing, the conduct of a human being gets definite, otherwise it is indefinite.
Gross Misunderstanding – Assuming Human Being to be only the Body

The gross misunderstanding is assuming the human being to be the Body; and
therefore, trying to fulfilall the needs through physical facility.
It is needless to say that due to over-use of physical facility, there are widespread
repercussions at every level of human existence. On the one hand, there is exploitation
of natural resources for more and more physical facility. On the other hand, human
beings are exploited in the process and also, they are madeto compete for the limited
physical facility.
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The Way Ahead

The only way to come out of this misunderstanding is to understand the human
being as it is. The Self has to be understood as a conscious entity and Body as a
material entity. Their needs are different, activities are different, response is
different and basically, they are two different entities co-existing asa human being.
Key Takeaways
The needs of the Self and the Body are of two different types, so they have to be
fulfilled separately. A gross misunderstanding is to assume the two to be the same,
and this leads to the feeling of deprivationand exploitation.
Understanding Harmony in the Self

Now we will explore into the activities of the Self and see how harmony can be
ensured among all the activities of the Self, resulting into a state of continuous
happiness.
Activities of the Self

The activities of the Self can be seen in terms of desire, thought and expectation.
Desire is the name given to the activity of imaging. You are making an image in the
Self. Desire is inthe form of an image which you have created within. Thought is the
power for the activity of analysingbased on comparing various possibilities to fulfil
your desire. Expectation is the power for the activityof selecting based on tasting.
Activities of the Self are Continuous

These powers of desire, thought and expectation are inexhaustible, and the
activities are continuous. The activities of imaging, analyzing-comparing and
selecting-tasting are always going on, whether weare aware of them or not.
These Activities Together Constitute Imagination

These activities are together called imagination. We may not immediately be able to
observe our desire, thought and expectation distinctly, but it may be easier to see
that something is going on within. Oneimagination or the other is going on in us all
the time.
Happiness and unhappiness depend on the state of imagination. If your imagination

is in harmony withyour natural acceptance, you are in a state of happiness. When it
is in contradiction with your naturalacceptance, you are in a state of unhappiness.
Imagination is expressed to the world outside, in terms of behaviour with human
being and work withthe rest of nature.
We have also referred to imagination as “what I am” and the natural acceptance as
“what I really wantto be”.
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State of Imagination
Once you start looking at your imagination, you will be able to find out the state of
your imagination.Your imagination could be well organised, in harmony or it could be
a random mixture of harmony and contradiction.
Possible Sources of Imagination

There are three possible sources of motivation for imagination: 1. Preconditioning, 2.
Sensation and 3.Natural Acceptance
A dominant source of imagination is preconditioning. Preconditioning means the

beliefs, notions, norms, ideas, views, dictums, goals, etc. prevailing in the family, in
the society which we have assumed without knowing. They may influence our
imagination.
Another major source of our desire, our imagination is the sensation. Sensation is
the information we get from the Body through the five sense organs – of sound,
touch, sight, taste and smell.
The third source of imagination is our natural acceptance. It can also be referred to
as the inner voice or conscience. Self-verification on the basis of our natural
acceptance can be the third possible source. It may or may not be the predominant
source of motivation currently, but it can be the real source fordeciding our desire,
our imagination.
Consequences of Imagination from the three Sources

– Self-organisation or Enslavement?
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If your imagination is motivated by preconditioning or sensation, you may or may

not be in harmony with the natural acceptance. Therefore, you may be in a state of
happiness within or unhappiness within. Your happiness is dependent or enslaved by
your preconditioning and sensation.
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And then there is a large possibility that there is contradiction in your desires,
leading to contradiction in your thoughts and then expectations. In such a state of
contradiction within, your imagination is enough to keep you unhappy all the time.
There is a possibility that a large share of your imagination is enslaved by

preconditionings and sensations, while a very small share is guided by your natural
acceptance. One thing to note here is that sensation is not an enslavement in itself.
Through sensation only, the Self is able to take proper care of the Body. But problem
arises when you try to associate happiness with favourable sensations. Similarly, there
could be some preconditioning which may also be right. But unless you verify it,
and validate in your living, it is just like an enslavement. And this leads to
unhappiness.
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If your imagination is guided by your natural acceptance, you are sure to be in

harmony and happinesswithin. You are self-organized.
The Way Ahead

– Ensuring Harmony in the Self by way of Self-exploration
To achieve this harmony in the Self, we need to start self-exploration. In the process,
we need to:
• Know our natural acceptance
• Be aware of our imagination
• Find out the source of imagination
• Work out a way to sort out our imagination till it is fully in line with our
natural acceptance When the imagination is in harmony with the natural
acceptance, there is harmony in the Self. Thisharmony is happiness.
Key Takeaways
The activities of desire, thought and expectation are together called imagination.
Imagination is continuously going on in the Self. The sources of imagination can be
sensation, pre-conditioning or natural acceptance. There is harmony in the Self
when the imagination is in line with one‟s natural acceptance. Harmony in the Self
is in continuity when all the activities of the Self are awakened.
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UNIT-II
Understanding Harmony of the Self with the Body
In this lecture, we will discuss the harmony of the Self with the Body, and try to
understand self- regulation and health.
The Body as a Self-organised System

The Body is a wonderful self-organised system. It has so many parts. Each part co-
exists in harmony with every other part. The eyes are well connected to the brain;
the mouth, the stomach and the whole digestive system is synchronized and so it is
for every organ, every cell of the Body – and you have to do nothing to make these
connections or to synchronize the various parts or to deal with every cell.
Harmony of the Self with the Body: Self-regulation and Health

As we discussed in lecture 9, the Body is an instrument of the Self. The responsibility
of the Self towards the Body is in terms of nurturing, protecting and rightly utilizing
the Body. Nurturing the Body is byproviding appropriate air, water, food, sunlight,
etc. Protection is to ensure the continuity of the body which includes safeguarding
from unfavorable conditions. Right utilization would mean using the Body for the
purpose of the Self. This feeling of responsibility towards the Body is called as the
feeling of self-regulation, and a natural outcome of it is health.
Feeling of self-regulation = the feeling of responsibility in the self towards the

Body – for nurturing, protection and right utilization of the Body.
Indicators of a healthy body:

• The Body is healthy if it is able to perform as per the instructions of the Self.
• Different parts of the Body are in harmony amongst each other, they are in
order.
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The feeling of self-regulation in the Self is primary. Health in the Body is a natural
consequence.
When the Self has the feeling of self-regulation and there is health in the Body, there
is harmony of theSelf with the Body.
Appraisal of the Current Status
Over the last 100 years or so, there have been significant improvements in terms of
longer life-spans, in dealing with communicable diseases and trauma, but yet,
ensuring health remains a question mark1.The problem is in the wrong assumptions,
one of which is that human being is the Body. With this assumption, happiness is
sought through favorable sensation through the Body. Further, the assumption that we
will get happiness from sensation through the consumption of physical facility has led
to a high demand for it. Most of the present-day disorders are psycho-somatic in
nature. „Psycho‟ has to do with the Self and „Somatic‟ has to do with the Body.
Disharmony in the Self causes disharmony in the Body causing psycho-somatic
problems. These effects are very prominent when the individual is living with the
assumption “I am the Body”.
The Way Ahead

There is a need to understand human being as it is (as co-existence of Self and
Body). The significant part is having the feeling of self-regulation in the Self. This
can happen only when the Self is in harmony, i.e. there is right understanding and
right feeling in the Self. With a feeling of self-regulation, the Self will naturally
nurture, protect and rightly utilize the Body, resulting in health of the Body.
Key Takeaways
The Body is an instrument of the Self. Harmony of the Self with the Body is ensured
when Self has thefeeling of self-regulation and there is health in the Body.
Programme for Self-regulation and Health

As we discussed earlier, feeling of self-regulation is the feeling of responsibility in
the Self for nurturing, protection and right utilization of the Body. We can now
detail it further:
Nurturing the Body

Nurturing means providing the necessary inputs to the Body. The right inputs nurture
the Body, without disturbing its harmony.
The programme for nurturing and maintaining health of the Body

includes the following:1a. Intake 1b. Routine
2a. Physical Labour 2b. Exercise
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3a. Balancing internal and 3b. Balancing breathing of

bodyexternal organs of body
4a. Medicine 4b. Treatment
1a. The first part is the intake, all that the Body takes in. It includes the air it
breathes, the water it drinks, the sunlight it absorbs, the food given to it and so on.
1b. A regular routine is required in order to keep the Body healthy, like ensuring a
proper programme for sleeping, waking up, cleaning the Body, eating, doing
physical work, etc.
2a. The Body needs adequate movement to maintain health. Labour is the work on
the rest of nature. Few hours of labour a day provides sufficient body movements to
keep the Body in good health. It alsoensures production of physical facility.
A lifestyle which includes appropriate intake, routine and labour, would be generally
sufficient to keepthe Body in good health. However, if we are unable to do that, or
in spite of this effort, there is some disharmony in the Body, there are some more
aspects of the programme for self-regulation and health,below.
2b. If one is not able to labor, s(he) can do exercises for proper upkeep of the Body.
3a. There is a need for keeping the internal as well as the external organs in
harmony by appropriate means like postures, movements etc.
3b. Breathing is a significant activity for the Body. Balancing the breathing of body
is necessary, through appropriate breathing exercises.
For the most part, health of the Body can be maintained by these three (1a, 1b, 2a,
2b, 3a and 3b). Despite these, if there is some problem in the health of the Body then
we take medicine and ultimately,we also take treatment when all this does not work.
4a. The Body is self-organised and naturally in harmony. It is able to recover itself
from many disturbances. But if due to some reasons it runs into disharmony,
medicine is helpful in taking care oflifestyle disorders, non-communicable illnesses
as well as communicable diseases.
4b. In the event the Body is not in a state to recover itself back to a state of harmony,
there is a need fortreatment.
Protecting the Body
Providing a conducive physical environment includes clothing, shelter etc. is all a

part of protection ofthe Body.
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Right Utilisation of the Body
Right utilization of the Body would mean that it is used in the process of fulfilling
human aspiration, which is basically the need of the Self. If one is using the Body in
the process of fulfilling the needs ofthe Self, it is right utilization of the Body. It would
include work with rest of nature to produce physical facility required for the Body.
Revisiting Prosperity in the Light of the Harmony between the Self and the
Body
The need for the physical facility is essentially related to fulfillment of this feeling
of responsibility towards the Body, i.e. we need physical facility for nurturing the
Body (food…), for protecting the Body (clothes, shelter…) and for rightly utilizing
the Body (instruments…) and that‟s it. And if we cansee this clearly, we can also see
that the physical facility required to ensure each one of them is required in limited
quantity. Hence, prosperity is very much possible.
As an exercise, one can list all the physical facilities required for these three
purposes, and see whether they are limited. Next, one can assess the available
facilities, and see if they are more than required. Ifnot, then how much more will be
required can be worked out. This will clearly give a vision for ensuring prosperity.
My Participation (Value) regarding Self and my Body

My participation (value) with my Body is:
• Ensuring a feeling of self-regulation in the Self
• Ensuring the nurturing, protection and right utilisation of the Body
• Ensuring the production / availability of more than required physical facility for
the above
By ensuring these three, the Body continues to be in harmony, it remains healthy.

And one also has thefeeling of prosperity.
Key Takeaways
When the Self has a feeling of self-regulation (the responsibility for nurturing,
protection and right utilisation of the Body), and it is able to fulfil this responsibility,
the Body is in harmony (good health). This feeling of self-regulation is instrumental
in identifying the need for physical facility and ensuringprosperity.
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Unit-III: Understanding Harmony in the Family and Society- Harmony in Human-

Human Relationship
• Understanding values in human-human relationship; meaning of Justice (nine universal
values in relationships) and program for its fulfillment to ensure mutual happiness;
Trust and Respect as the foundational values of relationship
• Understanding the meaning of Trust; Difference between intention and competence
• Understanding the meaning of Respect, Difference between respect and differentiation;
the other salient values in relationship
• Understanding the harmony in the society (society being an extension of family):
Resolution, Prosperity, fearlessness (trust) and co-existence as comprehensive Human
Goals
• Visualizing a universal harmonious order in society- Undivided Society, Universal
Order- from family to world family.
Include practice sessions to reflect on relationships in family, hostel and institute as extended
family, real life examples, teacher-student relationship, goal of education etc. Gratitude as a
universal value in relationships. Discuss with scenarios. Elicit examples from students’ lives
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Every human being is born in a family and is part of a family. The family is the basic
unit or building block of human organisation. It provides a base for appreciating,
accepting, understanding and practicing to live in relationship and harmony (order).
Feeling of Relationship as the Basis for Harmony in the Family

The harmony in the family has primarily to do with the fulfilment of relationship
between one human being and the other human being. In order to fulfil relationship, it is
necessary to understand relationship.
Understanding Relationship
We will now explore into the four important aspects of relationship:
1. Relationship is – between one Self (I1) and another Self (I2)

2. There are feelings in relationship – in one Self (I1) for the other Self (I2)
3. These feelings can be recognised – they are definite
4. The fulfilment of these feelings and their right evaluation lead to mutual
happiness
1. Relationship is – between one Self (I1) and another Self (I2)

Relationship is already there. We do not have to construct or create relationship. All
we need to do is to understand relationship and fulfil it.
Relationship is between one Self and the other Self. It is the Self which is recognizing
the relationship, and not the Body. It is the Self which relates to the other, and not the
Body.
2. There are feelings in relationship – in one Self (I1) for the other Self (I2)
The important issue in human relationship is that of the feelings. We can see that
feelings arein the Self, not in the Body. It is the Self which has the feelings and which
recognises the feelings. To understand relationship, one has to understand the Self and
the naturally acceptablefeelings in the Self.
3. These feelings can be recognised – they are definite

These feelings can be recognised, they are definite. There are nine feelings in
relationship. These are the feelings which we can understand, which we can ensure
within ourselves, which we can share with others and thus ensure mutual fulfilment in
relationship. These are the feelings which are naturally acceptable to us in the
relationship with the other human being.
Feelings (values) in relationship:
1. Trust (foundation value)

2. Respect
3. Affection
4. Care
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5. Guidance
6. Reverence
7. Glory
8. Gratitude
9. Love (complete value)
4. Fulfilment of feelings in relationship and their evaluation leads to mutual happiness
When we have these naturally acceptable feelings in the Self, we share them with the
other and when we are both able to evaluate the feelings rightly, it leads to mutual
happiness, i.e. the happiness of oneself as well as the happiness of the other.

The problem today is that we assume ourselves to be the Body and we assume the
relationship on the basis of the Body (and not the feelings). We, therefore, fail to
understand relationship and consequently, we fail to fulfil it, despite all our good
intentions. The problems are due to absence of one or more of the right feelings in the
Self. And we try to make up this gap by physical facility or by trying to demand these
feelings from others, rather than ensuring these feelings in ourselves and sharing it with
others.
The Way Ahead

First, we need to righty recognize the relationship, identify the naturally acceptable
feelings in relationship, understand these feelings and ensure that these feelings are
there in us. This will ensure happiness in us. Secondly, we have to share these feelings
with the other. Because this is naturally acceptable to the other as well, it will lead to
happiness in the other also. Thus, it will lead to mutual happiness. And that is how the
fulfilment in relationship takes place.
Key Takeaways
Relationship already exists – we don’t have to create it; rather we only have to
recognise and fulfil it. The family is the basic unit of human-human interaction. The
basic issue in family is that of relationship. In relationship, there are nine feelings
(values) that can be clearly understood and lived with. There is harmony in the family,
mutual happiness in the family, when we understand the feelings and ensure in our
living.
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'Trust' – the Foundational Value in Relationship
Now we will explore the first feeling, which is the foundational feeling (value) in
relationship.
Feeling of Trust
Trust is to be assured that the other intends to make me happy and prosperous.
In order to understand trust, examine these eight statements:
1a. Do I want to make myself happy? 1b. Am I able to make myself always
happy? 2a. Do I want to make the other happy? 2b. Am I able to make the other
always
happy?
3a. Does the other want to make 3b. Is the other able to make
himself/herself happy? himself/herselfalways happy?
4a. Does the other want to make me happy? 4b. Is the other able to make me
always
happy?
Intention (Natural Competence

Acceptance)What is
the answer? What is the answer?
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The questions 1a to 4a relate to natural acceptance, the intention. Questions 1b to 4b

relate to the competence, the ability. By and large, as far as the statements about the
intention, i.e. natural acceptance, are concerned, there is a tick mark in 1a, 2a and 3a,
and there is a question mark in 4a. When we look at the competence, at the ability, there
is a question mark, right from the beginning – there is a question mark on 1b, 2b, 3b;
on 4b there is a big question mark.
Distinguishing between Intention and Competence

Now if you try to analyse your own responses, many things will get clarified. You’ll
find that while evaluating yourself, you evaluate on the basis of your intention (natural
acceptance). You think that you are a good person as your intentions are good. On the
other hand, when you evaluate the other, you evaluate him on the basis of his/her
competence. You find that s(he) is not able to make you happy all the time. Many
times, or most of the time he ends up making you unhappy. Therefore, you think that
the other wants to make you unhappy. You have a doubt on other’s intention.
On the basis of lack of competence, we conclude about the lack of intention of the
other. When we doubt their intention, instead of accepting the other as a relative, we
have a feeling of opposition. This is the common mistake that we make in relationship
today.
Now that we have clarity about intention and competence, explore this question:
If you have unconditional, continuous trust on intention, on the natural acceptance of the
otherand if the other is lacking competence, what will you do?
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a) Try to improve upon his competence

b) Get irritated
c) Get angry
d) Have a feeling of opposition
The answer is obviously (a). It is a response which indicates trust on intention. All
otheranswers are reactions based on doubt on intention.
Now with these indicators, find out how many people are there in your life on whom
you havetrust on intention (natural acceptance) which is unconditional and continuous.
Generally, we don’t see intention and competence separately. Since competence is

generally lacking, the feeling of unconditional acceptance is almost completely missing;
rather there is a feeling of opposition. With that, we reinforce wrong assumptions like:
□ Strangers can’t be trusted (?)
□ Trust is developed over a long-time (?)
□ Never trust anyone (?)
Thus, if we are able to see intention and competence distinctly, we will be able to place
a tick mark in 4a. We will be assured of the intention of the other human being. And
with that, we will make a programme of interaction with right evaluation of our
competence and theircompetence (so, this is not ‘blind’ trust).
With the feeling of trust, one is able to see it clearly that the intention is same for all, to
be happy and make other happy. The only difference lies in the level of competence.
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Key Takeaways
Trust is to be assured that the other has a natural acceptance (intention) to make me
happy and prosperous. Trust on intention is the foundation of relationship. It is the
beginning of mutual development. A common mistake is to evaluate oneself on the
basis of one’s intention (and conclude that I am good) and the other on the basis of
their lack of competence (thus doubt their intention and conclude that the other is bad).
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UNIT-III
Respect– As the Right Evaluation
Out of the nine feelings in relationship, we tried to understand the feeling of Trust.
With trust on intention, the relationship starts. We will now explore the feeling of
respect. Let us see, when do wefeel respected? How do I respect others?
Feeling of Respect
Respect is right evaluation.
When we are rightly evaluated, we feel respected. When we are not rightly
evaluated, we feel disrespected.
Disrespect can take place in three ways:

Over evaluation – evaluating for more than
what it is Under evaluation – evaluating for less
than what it is Otherwise evaluation –
evaluating for other than what it is
If we look at our day-to-day behavior, we generally tend to do one of these three –

over evaluation, under evaluation or otherwise evaluation. If any of these three
takes place, the other person feels uncomfortable, disrespected.
Minimum Content of Respect – The Other is Similar to Me

When we evaluate the human being on the basis of Self, we are able to see that:
1. Our purpose is the same – As I have a natural acceptance to live with
continuous happinessand prosperity, it is same with the other. So, on the basis
of our natural acceptance, we have the same purpose.
2. Our programme is same – As my programme to achieve continuous

happiness and prosperity is to understand the harmony and live in harmony at
all levels of my being (from human being to the entire existence), it is same
with the other. In that sense, our programme to fulfil our purpose is also
same.
3. Our potential is same – As I am endowed with natural acceptance and the

activities of desire, thought and expectation are going on continuously in me,
it is the same with the other. So, ourpotential is also same.
Thus, we can see that the other (Self) is similar to me. This is the minimum
content of respect for ahuman being.
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UNIT-III
Disrespect Arising out of Differentiation leading to Discrimination

In general, what we are doing in the name of respect today is differentiating and
discriminating.
First set of differentiation is on the basis of body– on the basis of age, gender, race and
physical strength. This is based on the gross misunderstanding that human being =
Body. The truth is that human being =co-existence of the Self and the Body.
The second set of differentiation is made on the basis of physical facility – on the
basis of wealth andpost. The gross misunderstanding here is that physical facility =
happiness. The truth is that happinessis to be in a state of harmony.
The third basis of differentiation is on the basis of beliefs – on the basis of different
isms (thought systems like socialism, capitalism, etc.), different sects, and different
sets of information prevalent in the society. This is founded on the
misunderstanding that if the pre-conditioning of the other matches with mine, then
the other is respectable, otherwise not. The truth is that pre-conditioning and right
understanding are two different things.
All this differentiation ultimately leads to discrimination, which is disrespect because

it is not naturallyacceptable.
Complete Content of Respect – We are Complementary to Each Other

At the level of the Self, only the competence could be different. Competence means
how much of thepotential of the Self has been realized. One Self may have realized
more of its potential, while anothermay have realized less of its potential.
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This difference in competence is to be complementary to each other (not to

discriminate and exploit each other).
The complete content of respect is to be able to see that ‘the other is similar to me
and we are complementary’.
Defining one’s complementarity:

□ If the other has more understanding, is more responsible than me, I’m committed
to understand from the other
□ If I have more understanding than the other, I’m more responsible than the
other. I live with responsibility with the other, unconditionally, unperturbed
by the behaviour of the other. I am committed to facilitate the understanding
in the other, once the other is assured in relationshipand not before that
The complete content of respect is
□ The other is similar to me in terms of purpose, programme and potential

and
□ We are complementary to each other in terms of competence
Thus, respect is right evaluation (of intention and competence on the basis of Self).
We are similar at the level of purpose, programme and potential and we are
complementary at the level of competence.
Disrespect arises out of over-evaluation, under-evaluation or otherwise-evaluation;

and also, out of differentiation leading to discrimination on the basis of body, physical
facility or beliefs. Small incidents of disrespect can have long-lasting consequences –
from not speaking to each other, to opposition, break in relationship, divorce, fights
and even war.
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With the complete understanding of respect, we can see for every individual on the
earth that we all arethe same in terms of intention, program and potential. The only
difference may lie in the level of competence. I may be having higher level of
competence in relation to one, but may be having lower level of competence in
relation to another. With this evaluation, one can work out the program to be
complimentary to the other.
All the specific characteristics at the level of Body, physical facility, belief etc. can be
used to expressthat complementarity.
e.g. a person with greater physical strength do the heavy work
e.g. a person at a higher post can work for the development of more people and so on
Key Takeaways
Respect is right evaluation at the level of the Self. The complete content of respect
is to see that the other is similar to me in terms of purpose, programme and potential;
and we are complementary to each other in terms of competence.
Over evaluation, under/otherwise evaluation and discrimination are disrespect.
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Other Naturally Acceptable Feelings in Relationship
In the previous three lectures, we explored the feelings of trust and respect. Now, we
will discuss otherfeelings, and understand our participation in the family.
3. Affection
Affection is the feeling of being related to the other.
Affection is the feeling of acceptance for the other as one’s relative. Lack of
affection is seen in the form of opposition, jealousy, etc. The feelings of trust and
respect are essential to have the feeling of affection. When we have the feelings of
trust, we feel related to the other; otherwise we may feel opposed to the other.
4. Care
Care is the feeling of responsibility and commitment for nurturing and

protection of the Body ofmy relative.
With the feeling of affection, one naturally takes the responsibility for development
of the relative – both at the level of Self as well as at the level of Body. Being
responsible to the Body of one’s relativeis Care.
5. Guidance
Guidance is the feeling of responsibility and commitment for development of Self

by ensuring theright understanding and right feeling in the Self of my relative.
Being responsible to the Self of my relative is Guidance.

Generally, our focus is mostly on care because we have come to assume that human
being is Body. Weare not even aware of the Self. Therefore, we are not aware that we
have to take care of the Self as well.
6. Reverence
Reverence is the feeling of acceptance for excellence.
Excellence is to be in a state of continuous happiness with the completeness of

understanding of harmony and living in harmony at all levels. Once we achieve
excellence, it continues. Excellence issomething definite, something absolute.
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There is a basic difference between working for excellence and competition. If you
have achieved excellence, you would naturally make effort for helping others to
achieve excellence. On the other hand, in competition, we not only do not help rather
we hinder the other to reach to our level.
7. Glory
Glory is the feeling of acceptance for those who have made effort for excellence.
For all those people whom we call great people, when we accept the effort made for
excellence by them,to whatever extent they are able to achieve it, we naturally have a
feeling of glory for them.
8. Gratitude
Gratitude is the feeling of acceptance for those who have made the effort for my
excellence.
In our life, there may be so many people who have been of help to us in the process
of understandingharmony and living in harmony. So, we have this feeling of gratitude
for them. Gratitude is a significant feeling in the development of relationship.
9. Love
Love is the feeling of being related to everyone, to all. It starts from affection, which
we have alreadyexplored. If this feeling expands to many and ultimately to all, it is
the feeling of love. So, we begin with the feeling of affection, and complete it with
the feeling of love. That is why, Love is called complete value.
Love is the feeling of being related to all.
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Love is expressed in the form of compassion. The feeling of love is for all and it is
expressed to whosoever comes in contact.
Distinguishing Between Love and Infatuation
The feeling of love is not something which is based on sensation. If there is a

feeling on the basis of sensation, this is the case of infatuation where the sensual
pleasure becomes the major goal. Infatuation is conditional – it may last only as long
as you are able to get the sensation or you have hope of getting happiness through
sensation. It is very temporary; it does not last for long. Once the effect wears off,
then the long-term issues of feelings become prominent.
Right Feeling – within Myself or from the Other?

With this background, we can ask ourselves which can have continuity:
• Right feeling in myself or
• Getting right feeling from the other
The answer is quite obvious that there can be continuity of right feeling, if it is from
within and basedon right understanding. But generally, we do keep making effort for
getting right feeling from the otherin continuity.
Role of Physical Facility in Fulfilment of Relationship

You can now see that physical facility has a limited role to play in the fulfilment of the
feeling in human- human relationship. To fulfil the feeling of care, physical facility
is certainly required. For other than the feeling of care, physical facility only has a
symbolic role to play.
Response and Reaction in Behaviour

An important implication of understanding relationship, particularly trust on
intention, is the clarity about problems in living in reaction and the possibility of
living with response. With response, your conduct is definite while with reaction,
the conduct is indefinite.
My Participation (Value) in Family

My participation (value) vis-à-vis my family is to ensure harmony in the family,
ensure mutual happiness, ensure justice in the family by way of:
• Ensuring right feelings (trust, respect, affection, care, guidance, reverence,
glory, gratitude andlove) in myself – this leads to my happiness.
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• Expressing (sharing) these feelings with the other. When the other is able to
make the right evaluation of these feelings, it leads to his/her happiness, thus
leading to mutual happiness. My participation is to be of help to the other in
their self-evolution, self-development.
With this preparation in the family, I have the ability to participate meaningfully in
the larger society –in the neighbourhood, in the community and so on.
Justice in Relationship
With the above discussion, justice can be understood.
Justice is the recognition, fulfilment and evaluation of human-human

relationship, leading to mutual happiness.
To expand it a bit:
• Recognition of relationship means recognizing the naturally acceptable
feelings in relationshiprightly.
• Fulfilment of relationship means
o Ensuring the naturally acceptable feelings in oneself.
o Living with responsibility with the other with these feelings,
forming the basis ofrelationship. This makes the other comfortable
and assured.
o Making effort for mutual development, i.e. development of one’s own
competence andbeing of help to the other in developing their
competence.
• Evaluation means verifying that I have the right feeling, I am able to express
it properly, theright feeling has reached to the other and the other is able to
identify it as the right feeling.
When the recognition, fulfilment and evaluation are right from my side, I feel happy.
When the other is able to evaluate the expression of my feeling rightly, then (s)he
also feels happy. Developing this competence may take time.
Justice is desirable in the family and beyond the family, all the way to the world
family.
Key Takeaways
The other feelings in relationship include affection, care, guidance, reverence, glory,
gratitude and love. Love is the feeling of acceptance of all; it is the complete value.
Justice is ensuring these feelings in oneself and expressing them to the other, leading
to mutual happiness. Justice begins fromfamily and extends to the world family,
leading to undivided society.
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So far, we have explored harmony in the human being and harmony in the family. In
the sequence, thenext level of living for a human being is society. We can see very
much see that we can conceive of asociety only if it has families living together in a
relationship of mutual fulfillment otherwise it is justlike a crowd or battlefield.
Understanding Human Goal

The goals of human being living in a society can be articulated as shown below:
We can explore and see what is naturally acceptable?

• Right understanding in every human being or only a few to have right
understanding and othersto follow them?
• Prosperity in every family or few families to have accumulation, and others to
be deprived anddependent on the few?
• Fearlessness, based on trust and affection, in the society or a state of fear, based
on mistrust andjealousy in the society?
• Co-existence (mutual fulfilment) in nature or exploitation and domination of
nature?

As shown in the figure, due to the prevailing false assumptions of happiness (like
money is everything), happiness is sought through accumulation of physical facility
(money) by any means, and using it for getting sensations from the body or feelings
from others. The second goal of prosperity is similarly seen as accumulating more and
more. With these as the driving assumptions in the society, it has led to people
living with three kinds of obsessions:
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1. Obsession for consumption

2. Obsession for profit
3. Obsession for sensual pleasure
Similarly, instead of the third goal of fearlessness (trust), we have domination,

exploitation and fear inthe society. Finally, instead of mutual fulfilment, we are mostly
trying to exploit and be the master over nature.
The Way Ahead

There is a need for understanding the harmony in society and living accordingly. The
correct sequence in which these four goals can be fulfilled is shown in the figure
below:
Dimensions (Systems) of Human Order

With the clarity of human goals, we can discuss five interconnected,
complementary dimensions of human order required for the fulfilment of the human
goal. The five basic systems of a human societyare:
1. Education-Sanskar
2. Health-Self regulation
3. Production-Work
4. Justice-Preservation
5. Exchange-Storage
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Though all are interconnected, we can see a primary link of the systems
with the goals as:
Education- Sanskar (leads to) → Right understanding and right feeling
(happiness)
Health-self-regulation → (leads to) → Prosperity
Production-Work → (leads to) →Prosperity
Justice-Preservation -→ (leads to) → Fearlessness and Co-existence
(respectively)
Exchange–storage → (leads to) →Prosperity and Fearlessness
Education-Sanskar
Looking at the first dimension of Education-Sanskar, as we discussed earlier, we can

see that
Education is to develop right understanding of the harmony at all levels of being – from
self to the entireexistence (individual, family, society, and nature/existence).
and
Sanskar is to develop the basic acceptances of the harmony at various levels.
Education provides the commitment, preparation and practice of living in harmony

at all levels. Preparation includes learning the skills and technology for living in
harmony. Our living is an expression of our sanskar.
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Health and Self-regulation

We had discussed this at length earlier.
Self-regulation is the feeling of responsibility towards the Body, for nurturing,

protection and right utilization of the Body.
Health of the Body is indicated by the fact that it is able to act according to the
instruction of the Selfand the different parts of the Body are in harmony.
Production-Work
Work is the effort a human being does on the rest of nature and Production is the
physical facilityobtained from work.
There are two important issues related to production-work:

1. What to produce?
2. How to produce?
Regarding what to produce, we have already discussed while exploring the proposals
about prosperity, health and self-regulation – we have to produce physical facility
required for nurturing, protection andright utilisation of the Body.
Regarding how to produce there are two criteria:

1. The process needs to be cyclic and mutually enriching – it has to be eco-
friendly
2. Justice needs to be ensured in relationship with human being – it has to be
people-friendly
A production process is cyclic when the resources utilised in the process return to
their original state in due course of their lifecycle. In the absence of being in tune
with the natural processes, what we see ultimately is resource depletion and
pollution.
Resource depletion is the symptom of using a natural resource at a rate which is

greater than the rateat which it is produced in nature. For example, if we use forest at
a rate greater than the rate at which itis produced in nature, there will be a shortage/
depletion of forest.
Similarly, pollution indicates that we are producing something which does not
return to the cycle in nature or it is produced at a rate that is faster than the rate at
which it can return to the cycle in nature. Plastic, for example, does not degrade, it
does not return to the cycle of nature for many years.
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Justice-Preservation
We had discussed about justice.
Justice is recognition of human-human relationship, its fulfilment and evaluation

leading to mutual happiness.
We had discussed earlier that in human-human relationship, the feeling is the core
issue. In order to ensure justice in the society, we need to develop the competence
to understand and ensure justice in every individual. In case someone is not able to
develop this competence and ends up doing injusticethen:
a) Stop the him from doing further injustice, as well as
b) Help him/her to develop the competence for ensuring justice.
In the present system, mostly we seem to be restricting ourselves at (a) and not doing
(b).
Preservation has to do with relationship of human being with the rest of nature.
Preservation is the recognition of relationship of human being with the rest of nature,
its fulfilment andevaluation leading to mutual fulfilment.
Precisely, preservation would mean enrichment, protection and right utilization of the
rest of the nature.Preservation ensures 1. Prosperity in human being
2. Enrichment, protection and right utilisation of the rest of the
nature
Justice ensures fearlessness (trust) in the society and preservation ensures the mutual
fulfilment (co-existence) with rest of the nature.
Exchange-Storage
Exchange means sharing or exchanging physical facility with a view of mutual

fulfillment and not withthe obsession for profit.
The sharing is within the family, or to the extent one has been able to accept
relationship. Beyond that is exchange. Through sharing and exchange of physical
facility, each family can have all that it needs,
i.e. there is mutual fulfilment.
Storage is preserving physical facility after the fulfillment of needs, so that it is

available, when required. This is done with a view of mutual fulfilment and not with
the obsession for accumulation orexploitation.
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Scope: Harmony from Family Order to World Family Order – Universal Human
Order
The scope of the society is from family order to world family order. Every human
being has a role inone or more of the social systems, starting from the family order,
then the family cluster order and so on to the nation family order and ultimately, the
world family order, leading to universal human order.
Family order refers to the system in a family of responsible people living together
for the common human goal. The family cluster order is the next larger unit. It is
the system that a group of families evolve in order to fulfil those goals of individual
families which require the participation of more people than the family has. The scope
of the system from the family order to the world family order is indicated below. It is
ensured through successively larger and larger complementary units,
Family Order → Family Cluster Order → Village Order → Village Cluster Order
→ … → Nation Order… → World Family Order
Natural Outcome of Right Understanding

Now if you look at the basic human aspiration and its fulfilment:
1. The happiness is ensured by having the right understanding and right feeling in
the Self.
2. The prosperity is a feeling of the availability of more than required physical
facility. To ensure it, Right understanding is required at the base, along with
physical facility.
3. The tradition of living with happiness and prosperity starts from the family
order and ultimately,continuity can be ensured by the universal human order.
In this way, the society with happiness in every individual, prosperity in every
family, fearlessness (trust) in the society and co-existence (mutual fulfilment) in
nature/existence is realized. This is one’sparticipation (value) vis-à-vis society.
Process of Development of a Child – In an environment of Relationship

A child intrinsically has a desire to understand what is right, to learn right skills and
to do what is right This desire to understand is innate in every Self. This is the
guidance that is expected by the child. Thechild wants to know about everything, so
asks lots of questions, wants to relate to people around, picks up the language, the
accent, the mannerisms… The thoughts and actions that lead to contradiction, thus
unhappiness, are not satisfying for her/him, and hence the child makes a lot of
effort in this direction from a very early age. It expects others to help him/her in
learning and in understanding with a feeling of affection. In this process, the child
starts with imitating, and then following. In time, progressing to obedience and
discipline, all the time assuming the elders to be right. If (s) he is able to find
answers and is able to validate them to be right, it leads to self-discipline and self-
confidence in the child. Thechild’s conduct is definite and it is human.
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On the other hand, if the child finds that the inputs are not right, it starts to have
doubts on elders, teachers and hence tries out something on his/her own. If yet the
knowing does not take place, the child’s conduct remains indefinite and inhuman.
The people around the child then try to restrain the child by more instructions, more
domination. Many of the bad habits form during this stage. It is basically that the
child is trying ways and means of happiness or escaping from unhappiness. This
further aggravates the state making way for dissatisfaction, lack of confidence,
opposition, revolt, struggle and war. So, one has to find out where do we stand today?
And what is the naturally acceptable way?
Key Takeaways
At the level of society, the human goal is right understanding and right feeling
(happiness) in every individual, prosperity in every family, fearlessness (trust) in
society and co-existence (mutual fulfilment) in nature/existence. This goal is fulfilled
by human order, i.e. systems for education-sanskar, health-self regulation, production-
work, justice-preservation and exchange-storage. These systems start with the family
order, and are interconnected right up to world family order, leading to universal human
order. The natural process of development of a child in an environment of
relationship needs to be understood and fulfilled so that the child grows into a
human being who can have the competence to participate in the universal human
order.
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Unit – Understanding Harmony in the Nature and Existence - Whole existence as

IV: Coexistence
• Understanding the harmony in the Nature
• Interconnectedness and mutual fulfillment among the four orders of nature-
recyclability and self-regulation in nature
• Understanding Existence as Co-existence of mutually interacting units in all- pervasive
space
• Holistic perception of harmony at all levels of existence.
Include practice sessions to discuss human being as cause of imbalance in nature (film
“Home” can be used), pollution, depletion of resources and role of technology etc.
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So far, we elaborated on harmony in the individual, family and society. Now, we move to
the next level, i.e. nature. Human order is a part of nature; hence, it is essential to
understand the nature and the participation of human being in nature for a mutually
fulfilling and sustainable way of living. After discussing nature, we will move on to
understand the existence as a whole which is in the form of units (nature) submerged in
space.
Understanding Harmony in Nature
Nature as Collection of Units
Nature is the collection of all the units – the air, soil, water, plants, trees,
animals, birds, other humanbeings and even things that are at a distant from us like
the sun, the moon, the other planets, etc.
Classification of Units into Four Orders

Although the units are innumerable, they can all be classified into just four orders:
1. Physical order – this includes units like air, water, metal and so on.
2. Bio order – this includes grass, plants, trees, etc.
3. Animal order– this includes animals and birds.
4. Human order– this has human being only.
Harmony among the Four Orders

There is mutual fulfilment among the first three orders in nature. The soil-plant
interaction is an example of mutual fulfilment between the physical order and the bio
order. Animals and birds (units of the animal order) depend on plants (units of the bio
order) for their food. At the same time, animals and birds help to spread the seeds of
plants from one place to the other. They protect plants from harmful insects andpests.
Similarly, the units of physical order, like air and water, are essential for animals to
survive. Inturn, animals enrich the soil – their dung and their dead bodies act as very
good manure which makes the soil fertile. This is amply visible in the forests. These
three orders are enriching for the human being too. This we can see from our day to
day life.
Now, is the human being fulfilling for the other three orders? This is a big
question. Human being is not only unfulfilling for the other three orders, rather it is
dominating and exploiting them, to the extentof global warming and climate change.
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However, when we refer to our natural acceptance, we want to fulfil all the four
orders. Ask yourselfthis question, “what is naturally acceptable to you – to enrich these
four orders or to exploit them”? The answer is obvious – to enrich all the four orders.
Once human beings understand the mutual fulfilmentamong the four orders, they can
be fulfilling for all the orders.
Interconnectedness, Self-regulation and Mutual Fulfilment among the FourOrders

of Nature
With the above discussion, we can conclude that there is interconnectedness and
mutual fulfilment among the four orders in nature. One can also see that there is self-
regulation in nature. In a forest, the proportion of soil, plants and animals of various
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species is self-regulated. It never happens that the lions eat up all the deer or the deer
eat up all the grasses or that the plants grow to the extent that there is no space for
deer or that there is lack of soil for new plants and so on. The forest does not need to
be regulated by human being to be in harmony. With right understanding only,
human being will also be self-organised, in harmony within and participate in the
harmony in the larger order.
Abundance in Nature
Nature is organised in such a manner that the physical facility required for any order
is available in abundance. The quantity of soil is far more than that of plants and trees.
And both of these are availablein far greater quantities as compared to the quantity of
animals and birds. Human beings require all these three orders to survive, and the
quantity of all these three orders together is far more than the quantity of human
beings. By its very being, nature is organised in a manner where quantity of all four
orders is in a sequence:
Physical order >> Bio order >> Animal order >> Human
order. Therefore, the requirement of any order is already
available in abundance.
Key Takeaways
Nature is the collection of units. It can be classified into four orders, (physical, bio,
animal and human). There is a relationship of mutual fulfilment amongst these. It is
already going on in the first three orders. Human being also has the natural acceptance
for mutual fulfilment. All that we need to do is to understand it and live accordingly.
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Realizing Existence as Co-existence at All Levels
In this lecture, we will explore into the harmony in existence.
Existence as Units in Space
Existence is whatever exists.
There are two types of basic realities in existence – one is space and the other is units.
The units are inspace.
Understanding Units and Space

There are innumerable units in existence. There is air, water, soil, earth, sun, moon,
plants, trees, animals, birds, human beings etc. These units are in space. The co-
existence of the two is in the formof units submerged in space.
Units are Limited in Size; Space is Unlimited
We can observe units all around – they are limited in size. Coming to space, it is
unlimited. It is spreadall around. It is all-pervading. There is no limited size of space.
It does not have any boundary.
Units are Activity, they are Active; Space is “No-Activity”
Every unit is an activity and it is active with other units. In itself, one or the other
kind of activity is always taking place in the unit. Further, the unit is interacting with
other units, i.e. it is active in relation to other units. When it comes to space, it is no-
activity. There is activity only in the units.
Understanding Submergence
Units are in space – they are submerged in space. It means units are in space, they are
inseparable fromspace. Where ever a unit is there, space is also there.
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1. Units are Energised in Space

Being in co-existence with space, every unit is energised, right from the smallest
atom to the largest planet.
2. Units are Self-organised in Space
Being in co-existence with space, every unit is self-organised. It is in a definite
order. By being in a definite order, it exhibits a definite conduct – that is how one
can identify or recognise and study thatunit.
3. Units Recognise their Relationship and Fulfil it with Every Other Unit in Space
Being in co-existence with space, every unit recognises its relationship with every
other unit in spaceand fulfils that relationship.
Existence as Co-existence – Units Submerged in Space

Existence is co-existence. It is in the form of units submerged in space. In the light of
above discussion on existence as co-existence, we can now visualise the overall
picture of the whole existence.
Key Takeaways
Existence is co-existence, which is in the form of units submerged in space. Units
are energised, theyare self-organised and they recognise their relationship with other
units and participate with them in a mutually fulfilling manner (except for human
beings without right understanding).
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The Holistic Perception of Harmony in Existence
In the light of this discussion, we can now visualise the overall picture of the whole
existence.
The Holistic Perception of Harmony in Existence

At the base of the whole existence is co-existence, which unfolds in terms of units
submerged in space.
Units are limited in size; they are activity and are active. Space is unlimited, all-
pervading and is no activity. Being submerged in space, units are energised, self-
organised and recognise their relationshipwith every other unit in space and fulfil it.
Units are of two types – material units and consciousness units. Material units are
temporary in time, while consciousness units (Self) are continuous. Material units
recognise and fulfil their relationship with other units– their conduct is definite.
Consciousness units recognise and fulfil their relationship on the basis of assuming
without knowing or assuming based on knowing – the conduct of the humanbeing is
definite if it is operating on the basis of assuming based on knowing; and it is
indefinite if it isoperating on the basis of assuming without knowing.
All material units are composed of other (simpler) material units. The smallest or
fundamental stablematerial unit is the atom. An atom may combine with another atom
to form a molecule. These molecules further combine to form molecular structure.
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Molecular structures can exist either as lumps, or fluids. Fluids provide nurturing of
cells and such cells combine to form plants, the animal body and the human body.
Coming to the domain of consciousness, there is just one type of unit which we have
referred to as the Self. We can classify all the units in existence into four orders.
Material units can be classified into two orders – physical order and bio order. The
animal order is the co-existence of consciousness (Self) and the animal body
(material). The human order is also the co-existence of consciousness (Self) and the
human body (material).
Development in the Existential Sense
Now, we can see that everything is in co-existence. Everything that exists is basically
the expression of this ever-present co-existence. It is expressing itself in the form of
harmony and relationship. This unfolding is something which is happening and has
to be completed through human being.
Whatever we do with the material world is cyclic. It will keep changing; keep going
back to initial state, no matter what we do. In that sense, there is no development here.
Only in the human order, there is apotential for development or transformation in the
Self which is not cyclic. Development or permanent change is possible only in the
domain of consciousness. It is in terms of
1. developing right understanding (understanding co-existence) and right feeling

(feeling of co- existence) in the Self. It means awakening to the activities of
contemplation (of relationship, participation in the larger order), understanding
(of self-organisation, harmony) and realisation (of co-existence), as discussed
earlier, and
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2.living on the basis of right understanding and right feeling- part one is updating all
our desires, thoughts and expectations in line with right understanding and right
feeling; part two is the expressionin the form of behaviour, work and participation in
the larger order.
This development, this transformation in human being is facilitated by education-

sanskar. There is every provision in existence for this development.
Sum Up
Now, we can sum up all that has been discussed in the workshop. We started by
explaining the meaningof value. It was put as shown in the figure:
Then we went on to discuss the value at all the levels which is explained below.
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Expression of Co-existence at Different Levels
With this background, we can see that all that we discussed about harmony at the
level of individual, family, society and nature are basically the systematic reflection
(the expressions) of existence as co- existence. The same is shown in figure below.
The whole discussion so far can be summed up in a simple chart given below. It can
be expressed in one word – „Co-existence‟.
Natural Outcome of the Understanding

The completion point for human being (materialising universal human order) is also
the completion point of the universal order in existence. In that sense, the universal
human order and universal orderare synonymous. This is also the total expression of
existence. It is the completion point of unfoldingof the existence as co-existence.
Thus, My Participation (Value) in Existence is to Realize the Co-existence and

Live in Co- existence.
Key Takeaways
Existence is co-existence, and the role of human being is to realise co-existence in
the Self and live inco-existence in nature/existence, extending up to universal human
order. In this way, the unfolding ofthe co-existence will be completed through human
being – resulting into universal order.
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Program of Action
With the discussion so far, now we can work out the program of action at the
individual level and at thelevel of society.
At the level of individual, what is expected is to understand harmony and live in
harmony. This is something that has been initiated in the workshop.
In the process of understanding, three things are required as mentioned above:

1. Self-exploration: Verifying the proposals on our own right and living
accordingly
2. Self-awareness: Being aware of one‟s desires, thoughts and expectations every
moment
3. Self-evaluation- Evaluating one‟s competence vis-à-vis the natural acceptance
every moment.
These three things will help one transform from the present level of competence to
the level of completeness of right understanding and right living in continuity. The
time taken for this may vary from person to person, but the process is definite.
At the level of society, what is expected is shown in the figure below.
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One kind of program can be the people‟s education program meant for adults. People
with a definite level of competence can help grown-ups from different backgrounds to
self-explore and develop their competence. Going this way, on an average, if one person
takes 10 years to develop the commitment to understand and live accordingly in
completeness, and develops 10 more such people in the next 10 years, a population of
1000 crores can be developed in 100 years. But if the program of education-sanskar is
made value based, it will take a shorter time, say up to 50 years for the world, as the
program for right understanding will become a definite component of the system of
society. And if there is a program for undivided society and universal human order
including all the dimensions of the society, it will take even shorter time. This can be a
vision while making the policies at the level of society.
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Unit – V: Implications of the above Holistic Understanding of Harmony on Professional Ethics

• Natural acceptance of human values
• Definitiveness of Ethical Human Conduct
• Basis for Humanistic Education, Humanistic Constitution and Humanistic Universal Order
• Competence in professional ethics:
a. Ability to utilize the professional competence for augmenting universal human order
b. Ability to identify the scope and characteristics of people friendly and eco-friendly production
systems,
c. Ability to identify and develop appropriate technologies and management patterns for above
production systems.
• Case studies of typical holistic technologies, management models and production systems
• Strategy for transition from the present state to Universal Human Order:
a. At the level of individual: as socially and ecologically responsible engineers, technologists and managers
b. At the level of society: as mutually enriching institutions and organizations Sum up.
Include practice Exercises and Case Studies will be taken up in Practice (tutorial) Sessions eg. To discuss the
conduct as an engineer or scientist etc.
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Natural Acceptance of Human Values
• It is right to say that we naturally accept Human Values in the light of our
understanding of Harmony and Co-Existence. Every Human being naturally expects
to be purposeful and successful. Our wisdom is the true source for realizing these
expectations. This source could never be obliterated -every person naturally accepts
goodness, Every person naturally expects goodness to happen. We all are waiting for
goodness to happen. The place where goodness would be realized will naturally be
in our relationships with other entities in existence. Recognition of a relationship in
existence is essentially recognizing of its innate purpose or value. This is study in
existence. Commitment in a relationship is a natural outcome of this recognition.
Thereafter perfection in Harmony in that relationship becomes inevitable. Perfection
naturally results in fruitfulness or success. Omni-dimensional resolution emanating
from Jeevan is always connected with all our relationships.
• Human values need to be lived. What will it take to fulfill this need? Human values
are realized by understanding of Jeevan, understanding of existence as co-existence,
and by natural acceptance of humane conduct. Wisdom is nothing else but this.
When we begin realizing human values only then we become capable of doing right,
and become proficient in doing right. Till then we are trapped in one mania or the
other -and there's no way for us to do right. Understanding Jeevan and understanding
Existence are essential for becoming wise. Moreover, values are realized only upon
recognition of the meaning or purpose of relationships.
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Definitiveness of Ethical Human Conduct
• The right understanding gained through self-exploration enables one to identify the
definitiveness of human conduct which may also be called the Ethical human
conduct. It is the same for all human beings, and is in agreement with the universal
human values.
Characteristics of Ethical Human Conduct:
• It is a combined representation of –Values, policies and character. Values help us to

live in harmony with family, character helps us to live harmoniously in the society
and policies help us to maintain harmony with the orders of nature.
Values (Mulya): Values can be witnessed in relationships. The ability to recognize the
relationships is due to imagination and being self organized in work. It enables us to
understand the relationship between various orders of nature too. We have many relations in
life, but the actual purpose of relationship is to be understood. For example, the purpose of
relationship between parents and children is fulfillment and protection and living in order.
Trust is the functional value that helps us to maintain the continuity of relationship.
Policy (Niti): The assets of an individual include the self „I‟, the body and the physical
resources. It is important that proper coordination existsbetween them. Policies are the rules
which when followed help us to protect, enrich and utilize adequately the various assets
possessed by us.
One must evaluate his conduct based on the above three dimensions and self exploration
alone bridges the gap between conduct and the ethical human conduct. A human being can
be called prosperous and successful if he blends his professional skills with ethical human
conduct.
Character (Charitra): Character is determined by the values one incorporates in his life. It
is the outcome of the values he possesses, his perception, imagination and the experiences
gained during his life time.
The characteristics of good character include-
-Having personal trustworthy relationships
-Access to rightful acquiring of wealth
-Compassionate behavior and work
• If one has the above he will be organized and has self harmony. By understanding
natural acceptance on gains self expression and self extension by participation in
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UNIT-V
harmony at all levels of existence. This leads to right understanding which will result
in a prosperous undivided society of high human order.
• This definitiveness of human conduct in terms of values, policies and character is
termed as Ethics. The criterion to judge whether an act of human being is ethical or
unethical, and a definite way to work for ethics in life and profession are varying.
Ethics in the life of an individual can be imbibed only through inculcation of values,
policies and character, and this is possible through the process of ensuring right
understanding through self-exploration. At the same time, we can see that a human
being with ethical human conduct coupled with requisite professional skills only can
be a good professional, namely, a good engineer, a good manager, a good teacher
and researcher, a good technocrat, etc.
• 'Ethical conduct' implies that it is naturally acceptable and does not give rise to
conflict within. Thus, the 'ethical conduct' is self-satisfying, people-friendly, eco-
friendly and universal.
• Acceptance of Basic human values: Schwartz has identified 10 basic human values.
These include the core values recognized in cultures round the world and are
mentioned in different cultures, religions and philosophical discussions of values.
Each of the ten basic values can be characterized by describing its central motivational
goal:
1. Self-Direction: Independent thought and action; choosing, creating, exploring.
2. Stimulation: Excitement, novelty, and challenge in life.
3. Hedonism: Pleasure and sensuous gratification for oneself.
4. Achievement: Personal success through demonstrating competence according to social

standards.
5. Power: Social status and prestige, control or dominance over people and resources.
6. Security: Safety, harmony, and stability of society, of relationships, and of self.
7. Conformity: Restraint of actions, inclinations, and impulses likely to upset or harm others
and violate social expectations or norms.
8. Tradition: Respect, commitment, and acceptance of the customs and ideas that traditional
culture or religion provide the self.
9. Benevolence: Preserving and enhancing the welfare of those with whom one is in
frequent personal contact (the „in-group‟).
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UNIT-V
10. Universalism: Understanding, appreciation, tolerance, and protection for thewelfare of

all people and for nature.
The model figure of representing the relationship among the values is mentioned
below:
• The conflicts and congruities among all ten basic values yield an integrated structure
of values. This structure can be summarizedwith two orthogonal dimensions. Self-
enhancement vs. self-transcendence: On this dimension, power and achievement
values oppose universalism and benevolence values. Both of the former emphasize
pursuit of self-interests, whereas both of the latter involveconcern for the welfare
and interests of others.
• Openness to change vs. conservation: On this dimension, self-direction and
stimulation values oppose security, conformity and tradition values. Both of the
former emphasize independent action, thought and feeling and readiness for new
experience, whereas all of the latter emphasize self-restriction, order and resistance
to change. Hedonism shares elements of both openness and self-enhancement.
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Basis of Humanistic Education, Humanistic Constitution & Humanistic Universal

Order
BASIS FOR THE HOLISTIC ALTERNATIVE TOWARDS UNIVERSAL HUMAN

ORDER
VISION FOR THE HOLISTIC ALTERNATIVE
• A correct appraisal of the comprehensive human goal welfare and the realization of
co-existence at all levels enable us to visualize and gradually evolve a viable
alternative to the prevailing pattern of human living. Thus the right understanding
prepares us for moving towards the holistic alternative (Universal Human Order)
which will be sustainable as well as conducive to fulfill the basic human aspirations
for all human beings. It will be a mode of living which is self satisfying, people
friendly and eco-friendly.
• Humanistic Education: Humanistic education will incorporate appropriate
integration of values and skills so that human being are able to understand their
physical needs correctly and adopt suitable techniques and production systems to
cater to these needs in an eco-friendly and people friendly manner. The humanistic
education will facilitate the process of self exploration which will lead to continuous
self evolution of human being. It will also enable the realization of once innateness
as well as the universality and definitiveness of ethical human conduct. It will also
develop the conviction that only value based living can be conducive to continuous
happiness and prosperity for one and all.
• Humanistic Constitution Presently, the human society is divided into various
castes, creeds, religions and nationalities whose objectives and interests are proving
contrary to those of others. Accordingly a major part of human endeavour is used in
handling those conflicts and contradictions. Paradoxically, the human beings are
spending substantial part of their energies and resources in preparing themselves for
war, only to ensure peace. When the parameters of human welfare are universal i.e.
commonly applicable to all human beings, the humanistic constitution can only
alternative for the fulfillment of human aspiration.
• Universal human order and its implications: On the basis of the understanding of
harmony we get the notion of an undivided society and universal human order.
• The universal human order will comprise of:
1. The five dimensions of human Endeavour towards a fragmented society.
2. The steps of organization from family to world family, each anchored in right
understanding will integrate in the following ways.
Family →Family cluster →Village/community→ Village cluster →world family
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Professional ethics in the light of right understanding
➢ Profession (In the light of Comprehensive Human Goal): Profession is channel of

participation by human beings in the larger order in pursuance of comprehensive
human goal. In the process one is able to contribute towards the livelihood of one‟s
family and also participate in the larger order constituting the society and the nature
around. It is an important activity to authenticate one‟s understanding, whereby we
interact with other human beings and with rest of the nature in a mutually fulfilling
manner. Thus, the Profession is a Service‟. „
Competence in Professional Ethics
1–.Clarity about the comprehensive human goal: Samadhana –Samriddhi –Abhaya Saha-
astitva and its fulfillment through universal human order from family order to world family.
2. Confidence in oneself as well as confidence in the harmony, co-existence and self-

regulation prevailing in entire existence based on the right understanding of oneself and the
rest of existence.
3. Competence of mutually fulfilling behaviour, clarity and confidence in ethical human

conduct and its correlation with sustainable personal as well as collective happiness and
prosperity.
4. Competence of mutually enriching interaction with nature, ability to assess the needs for
physical facilities for the family and their fulfillment through production systems ensuring
harmony in the nature.
5. Competence of actualizing one understands in real life.
➢ How Competence in Professional Ethics can be achieved? The development of

ethical competence is a long-term process to be achieved through appropriate value
education. As profession is only a subset of the life activities, the competence in
profession will only be the manifestation of one right understands. Thus,
Competence in Professional Ethics can be achieved through right understanding.
➢ The increase of unethical practices in various professions, the contradictions and
dilemmas are primarily due to the prevailing worldview focusing on profit
maximization. These can be resolved through right understanding.
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UNIT-V
Competence in Professional Ethics

Professional ethics means to develop professional competence with ethical human conduct.
Developing ethical competence in the individual (profession) is the only effective way to
ensure professional ethics. The development of ethical competence is a long term process to
be achieved through appropriate value education. As profession is only a subset of the life
activities, the competence in profession will only be the manifestation of one's right
understanding. The salient features
Characterizing this competence can be summarized as follows:
1. Clarity about comprehensive human goal: Samadhan -Samridhi -Abhay -Sah-astitva, and
its fulfilment through universal human order.
2. Confidence in oneself: Based on the right understanding of oneself and the rest of
existence.
3. Mutually fulfilling behaviour: Clarity and confidence in ethical human conduct and its
correlation with sustained personal as well as collective happiness and prosperity.
4. Mutually enriching interaction with nature: Self-sufficiency in fulfillment of physical
needs; ability to assess the needs for physical facilities for the family and their fulfillment
through production systems ensuring harmony in the nature. In the light of the above, one
acquires the ability to identify and develop appropriate (people-friendly and eco-friendly)
technologies, production systems etc.
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UNIT-V
Case Studies of Typical Holistic Technologies, Management Models & Production

Systems :
The ability & criteria to develop Holistic systems comes through understanding of harmony
at various levels along with the appreciation of comprehensive human goal.
Following criteria need to be considered
• Renewability
• Preservation of natural balance
• Utilizing local resources and expertise
• Decentralized and conducive to meaningful mass employment
• Catering to real needs
• Matching of production, distribution and consumption etc
• Case studies can be done on models like
• Biomass based Energy Technologies
• Animal driven gadgets
• Micro Hydel and wind power Prime movers
• Solar energy devices
• Eco-sanitation Technologies
• Green building materials and techniques
• Watershed management
• Eco-friendly agriculture
• Management models
• Gramin Bank
• Lizzat cooperatives
• Auroville
• Ralegaon sidhi
• Brahma Kumaris
• Emerging Technologies
• Every day, the world produces carbon dioxide that is released to the earth‟s
atmosphere and which will still be there in one hundred years „time. This increased
content of Carbon Dioxide increases the warmth of our planet and is the main cause
of the so called “Global Warming Effect”. One answer to global warming is to
replace and retrofit current technologies with Holistic alternatives that have
comparable or better performance, but do not emit carbon dioxide. We call this
Alternate or holistic energy.
• By 2050, one-third of the world's energy will need to come from solar, water, bio-
mass, wind, geothermal and other renewable resources. Climate change, population
growth, and fossil fuel depletion mean that renewable will need to play a bigger role
in the future than they do today. The use of clean alternative energies such as the
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UNIT-V
home use of solar power systems will help ensure man's survival into the 21st
century and beyond.
II. ENERGY NEEDS AND FUTURE
• According to Index Mundi, the energy needs of individuals in terms of electricity

consumption per capita (kWh per person) the highest is in Iceland and lowest is in
Afghanistan. India ranks 153rd
➢ Iceland 52620 kWh/person (Highest)
➢ Norway 24558 kWh/person (2nd Highest)
➢ Kuwait 16091 kWh/person (3rd Highest)
➢ United States 11920 kWh/person (9th)
➢ China 3494 kWh/person (70th)
➢ India 498 kWh/person (153rd)
➢ Pakistan 390kWh/person (159th) …….{as per June 2012 data}
III. HOLISTIC APPROACH TO LIFE
• What if the major problems now humanity is facing like poverty, emerging diseases,
resources crunch, overpopulation and global warming, to name a few were so
intertwined that we couldn't hope to address one without addressing the others? And
what if we really couldn't expect to address many at once without changing our
approach entirely?
• Earlier methods to solve the crisis no longer suffice for the task at hand. Only more
holistic approach is required like:
❖ Life cycle thinking
❖ Global collaboration
❖ Market based incentives to Holistic production
❖ Integrated interdisciplinary solutions
❖ Investments in sustainable systems
IV. POPULATION AND RESOURCES SCENARIO
❖ Also we must have a close look at the population scenario of the Globe. Global
population growth will create a perfect storm of food, water and energy shortages by
2030, according to the UK government‟s chief scientist. By 2030, world population
is expected to hit 8.3 billion, causing a 50 percent increase in the global demand for
food and energy and a 30 percent increase in the demand for fresh drinking water a
resource that is already in short supply for about a third of the world‟s people.
Researchers found a six-fold increase in water and energy use for only a two-fold
increase in population size. The World Health Organization has reported that
environmental degradation due to excessive dependence on Fossil Fuels, combined
with the growth in world population, is a major cause of the rapid increase in human
diseases.
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Strategy for transition from the present state to Universal Human Order:
Today we are generally trying to achieve happiness and prosperity by maximizing

accumulation and consumption of physical facilities. This effort is giving rise to many
problems manifest today at the level of individual, family, society and the nature. These
problems are:
• At the level of individual–Rising problems of depression, anxiety, suicides, stress,

insecurity, increasing health problems, lack of confidence and conviction etc.
• At the level of family–Breaking up of joint families, mistrust and disharmony in

relationships, divorce, generation gap, dowry deaths, neglect of older people etc.
• At the level of society–Growing incidences of terrorism, violence, communalism, racial

and ethnic struggle, corruption, adulteration, exploitation, wars between nations,
proliferation of lethal weapons etc.
• At the level of nature–Global warming, weather imbalances, depletion of mineral and

energy resources, deforestation, soil degradation etc.
All the problems are a direct outcome of an incorrect understanding, our wrong notion about
happiness and prosperity and their continuity.
The implications of value based strategies can be understood in the following terms:
1. At the level of the individual –Achieve happiness, peace, contentment and bliss in the
self, perseverance, bravery and generosity in living of the individual. The individual get rid
of the tensions, frustrations, depression, and other such situations
2. At the level of the family -Mutual fulfillment in relationships, prosperity in the family,
sustenance of joint families, family as the building block of societal order in place of law
enforcing bodies, respect for all without differentiation on the basis of age, gender, caste,
race, money, post, creed, etc.
3. At the level of the society –Fearlessness in the society, holistic systems for education,
health, justice, production, exchange and storage, harmony between nations, world growing
as a family. Differentiations on the basis of body, physical facilities and beliefs will be
reduced.
4. At the level of nature –Co-existence of all units in nature, earth getting more and more
suited for sustenance of all entities on the globe, balance of seasons, proper development.
The problems of pollution and resource depletion can be solved.
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Strategy for transition from the present state to universal human order
(a) At the level of individual
(b) At the Society Level
Collective measures for prevention and removal of threats to the peace.
❖ Promote the value based education for the ultimate betterment of society.
❖ Framing positive agenda, mission statement, objectives, values and behaviors of the
business and service etc.
❖ Sustainable development
❖ Assigning the possible social role to its respective members
❖ Promoting self awareness and enhancing healthy employer-employee relationship
and ultimately the human inter-relationship.
Page 74

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DHANALAKSHMI SRINIVASAN UNIVERSITY

Samayapuram, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu - 621 112.

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSAL HUMAN VALUES- II

SYLLABUS & LECTURE NOTES

• Development of a holistic perspective based on self- exploration about

Unit 1 Course Introduction - Need, Basic Guidelines, 9 Hours

Unit 2 Understanding Harmony in the Human Being 9 Hours

Understanding human being – as a co-existence, needs of happiness and physical

Unit 3 Understanding Harmony in the Family and 9 Hours

Understanding values in human-human relationship, Understanding the meaning of

Unit 4 Understanding Harmony in the Nature and 9 Hours

Understanding the harmony in the Nature, Interconnectedness and mutual

Natural acceptance of human values, Definitiveness of Ethical Human Conduct,

Human Values and Professional Ethics by R R Gaur, R Sangal, G P Bagaria, Excel

Need for Value Education

The purpose of education is to facilitate the development of clarity on the

Guidelines for Value Education

Content of Value Education

Accordingly, the content of Value Education has to be to understand human being,

Continuous Happiness and Prosperity as Basic Human Aspirations

When you ask yourself:

If continuity of happiness and prosperity is not achieved by just accumulating

Now to look at the investment of your effort, find out:

While we do have a natural acceptance to live in relationship, are we actually able

In relationship, what is generally happening today is something like this:

For ensuring fulfilment in relationship, it is necessary to have right understanding

Right Understanding, Relationship and Physical Facility

There are generally two kinds of people today:

and deprivedTry to find out where you are – at 1 or at 2?

Whereas we really want to be is in the following state, i.e.

Development of Human Consciousness

Education is developing the right understanding (holistic perspective).

Sanskar is the commitment, preparation and practice of living with right

Human consciousness is living with continuous happiness and prosperity by

Process of Value Education – Self-exploration

This process of Self-exploration has to be in the form of a dialogue – a dialogue

Further, self-exploration is a process of dialogue. To begin with, it is initiated as a

The Dialogue Within

“What I am” has to do with my desires, my thoughts, my expectations; all that is

Happiness is to be in a state of harmony.

Unhappiness is to be forced to be in a state of contradiction.

We don't want to be in contradiction, so whenever there is contradiction, we want to

It is possible for each one of us to do this self-exploration. The dialogue within

The Content for Self-exploration

The second part of self-exploration is experiential validation. It means trying to live

Understanding Natural Acceptance – the basis for Right Understanding

Natural acceptance has to do with something fundamental, something related to our

Some of the characteristics of natural acceptance are:

As we refer to our natural acceptance, we become self-referential.

To conclude, the complete process of self-exploration yields right understanding as

Right understanding obtained through self-exploration can be recognised as follows:

Exploring the Meaning of Happiness and Prosperity

As stated earlier, the proposal for happiness is:

i.e. Happiness = Harmony.

“The state or situation, in which I live, if there is disharmony / contradiction in it, it is

Is Happiness the same as Excitement?

Exploring the Meaning of Prosperity