Addis Ababa Science and Technology UniversityAASTU

Addis Ababa Science and Technology University AASTU
CENG 6101 -PROJECT MANAGEMENT

A.Y. Nov. 2018 (2011 E.C)
Construction Projects management
The Construction industry
•The Construction Industry is defined as the:
“Sector of national economy engaged in preparation

of land and construction, alteration and repair of
buildings, structures and other real property.”
•http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/construction-industry.html#ixzz4GjzoqR2E
The construction industry
The Construction Industry:-
 Generates significant employment
 Contributes to development
 Consumes substantial amount of resources
The construction industry
The construction industry utilizes various resources including:-
 Human Resources (Laborers Workmen)
 Financial Resources (Fund)
 Physical Resources (Materials, Equipment and Other Assets)
 Information Resources
 Services and Management
Projects and Project Management
Definition of key terms
•Definition of Key terms:-
Project
Management
Project Management
What is a project?
A project is a temporary endeavor involving a
connected sequence of activities and a range of
resources, which is designed to achieve a specific and
unique outcome and which operates within time,
cost and quality constraints and which is often used
to introduce change
What is a project?
The following are distinguishing characteristics of project work:
–Project work is a unique, temporary endeavor.
–A project manager manages a specific project.
–People and other resources are not assigned to project managers on an
ongoing basis, except for project management support.
–A project manager is responsible for the approved objectives of a project—
such as budget, schedule, and specifications (Richman, 2002)
Construction projects
•Following the above definitions one may observe that the
temporary nature of construction activities places them in the
category of “Projects” because construction
–Is a temporary activity
–Is a unique activity
–Has a definite start and end point
–Utilizes various resources
–The key activities of Time, Cost, Quality, Scope etc. must be managed
Project Scope definition
•Before design is started, scope must adequately define
deliverables, that is, what will be furnished? Examples of
deliverables are design drawings, specifications, assistance during
bidding, construction inspection, record drawings, and
reimbursable expenses.
•All this information must be known before starting design
because it affects the project budget and schedule. To accomplish
this, the project manager from the design organization must be
involved early in the project; and he or she will require input from
experienced technical people to represent every aspect of the
proposed project
What is Management? (Adapted from Cirna2015)
•Management is
•A set of activities which includes
–planning and decision making, organizing, leading, and controlling
directed at an organization’s resources
–human, financial, physical, and information with the aim of
achieving organizational goals in an efficient and effective manner.
Organizational Resources
•Human resources
–Managerial talent and labor
•Financial resources
–Capital investments to support ongoing and long-term operations
•Physical Assets
–Raw materials; office and production facilities, and equipment
•Information
–Usable data, information linkages
Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
The Management Process
•Planning and Decision Making
–Setting an organization’s goals and selecting a course of action from a set of
alternatives to achieve them.
•Organizing
–Determining how activities and resources are to be grouped.
•Leading
–The set of processes used to get members of the organization to work together
to advance the interests of the organization.
•Controlling
–Monitoring the organization’s progress towards its goals.
Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
What is project management?
•The planning, co-ordination and control of a project from
conception to completion (including commissioning) on behalf of a
client requiring the identification of the client’s objectives in terms
of utility, function, quality, time and cost, and the establishment of
relationships between resources, integrating monitoring and
controlling the contributors to the project and their output, and
evaluating and selecting alternatives in pursuit of the client’s
satisfaction with the project outcome.
»Walker (2002)
What is project management?
•Project management is the art of directing and
coordinating human and material resources through
the life of a project by using modern management
techniques to achieve predetermined objectives of
scope, cost, time, and quality and participation
satisfaction.
»American Project Management Institute
Elements of Construction Projects….
•The PMBOK classifies the elements of a project management to
include the following
–Project Integration Management
–Project Scope Management
–Project Time Management
–Project Cost Management
–Project Quality Management
–Project Procurement Management
–Project Communications Management
–Project Risk Management
–Project Human Resource Management
The Role of the Project Manager (Richman, 2002)
•The project manager has overall responsibility for planning,
organizing, integrating, controlling, leading, decision-making,
communicating, and building a supportive climate for the project.
•In addition to technical skills (plan and execute a project,
estimate costs and prepare workable schedules and adequate
budget plans) a Project manager also needs to have “people skills”
Skills in project management
•A project manager needs to have the following basic skills to be
successful
–Project Management Skills
–Technical Skills
–Knowledge of the Organization
–People skills
–Integration Skills
Participants in a project setting
•Almost all projects have participants or “stakeholders” who have
a “stake” in the project activities. it is therefore important to
clearly identify
–The client: the owner of the project
–The Contractor/Constructor/Builder who constructs the project
–The Consultant/Designer/Architect/Engineer who designs the Works
–The Financers
–The Suppliers Etc
The Project Life Cycle
The project life cycle of a construction project may be
viewed as a process through which a project is
implemented from beginning to completion
Project life cycle
•Alternatively a project may go through the following stages
–Inception, feasibility, strategy,
–Pre-construction,
–Construction,
–Engineering services commissioning, completion,
–Handover and occupation,
–Post-completion review/project close-out.
Project Management: Inception Stage
Inception: Stage that results from business decisions
by the client which suggest a new construction or
development project may be required.
The Feasibility Stage
-Feasibility study focuses on the analysis of the viability of the
identified project so that a decision can be made whether to go
ahead with the investment/implementation.
•A feasibility study is part of the process of project identification,
preparation and selection and involves the process of appraising
projects or group of projects and then choosing to implement
some of them
•This is an extremely important stage in project management
Economic Analysis
•Economic analysis analyzes the Economic Costs and benefits of
Projects. A project is considered worthwhile if the net costs are
lower than the net benefits….
•Other parameters for considering the economic worth of projects
include
–Discounted payback period
–Net present worth/Net presents Value
–Net Future Worth
–Annual worth
–Rate of Return; etc
Environmental Analysis
•A project may cause environmental impacts in many ways,
therefore it is necessary to identify and analyze the effects of the
project on the environment. This process includes the
–Identification of positive/Negative impacts
–Required Mitigation measures
–Designing environmental management plan and allocating funds
•Ethiopia has relevant regulations in addressing Environment
Impact assessment and management plan
Preconstruction Stage
•At the completion of the Strategy Stage, everything is in place for
the Preconstruction Stage.
–This is when the design decisions are made. This stage includes statutory
approvals and consents, and bringing manufacturers, contractors and their
supply chains into the project team.
–It is therefore important that this stage is carefully managed using the
control systems established during the Strategy Stage to provide everyone
involved with relevant, timely and accurate feedback about their decisions.
Completion of this stage provides all the information needed for
construction to begin.
Construction Stage
•The Construction Stage is when the actual building or
other facility that the client needs is produced. In modern
practice this is a rapid and efficient assembly process
delivering high-quality facilities.
•It makes considerable demands on the control systems,
especially those concerned with time and quality.
233
Responsibility of the Engineer
•As the Resident Project Representative for a design firm or the
owner, the resident engineer or inspector is responsible for seeing
that the work being inspected is constructed in accordance with
the requirements of the plans and specifications.
–This, however, does not confer the right to unnecessarily or willfully

disrupt the operations of the contractor. In the performance of assigned
duties, the Resident Project Representative, also referred to as the
“inspector.”
Duties of the Resident Engineer
Additionally as the Owner’s Representative the Resident Engineer’s duties
include
–Visit site at appropriate stages of construction to familiarize himself generally
with the progress and quality of the Work and to determine whether Work is
proceeding in accordance with Contract Documents and advise the Owner on
Work Progress
–Guard the Owner against Defects and Deficiencies in the Work of the Contractor
–Reviews Contractor’s Claims and Approves Amount to be paid to the Contractor
–Note: the Engineer/Architect is not responsible for Methods of Construction or
Site Safety
Duties of the Resident Engineer
•Specifically the duties of the resident Engineer include to:
–Coordinate and provide general direction of work and
progress.
–Review contractor’s CPM schedules regularly.
–Maintain log of change orders.
–Maintain log of contractor submittals.
Construction Planning
Introduction to Construction Planning
Time and Cost Planning
“Failing to plan is planning to fail”

By J. Hinze, Construction Planning and Scheduling
Planning In Construction
•The APM Body of Knowledge (APM BoK) defines project
managementas
–‘the process by which projects are defined, planned, monitored, controlled
and delivered so that agreed benefits are realized.’
•The APM BoKdefines planningas
–‘the process of identifying the means, resources and actions necessary to
accomplish an objective.’
•Good project planning is critical to project success.
Planning In Construction
•Project planning involves a series of steps that determine how to
achieve a particular project goal or set of related goals. Planning is
also “Makingdecisionswiththeobjectiveofinfluencingthefuture”
which include determining
–Whattaskswillbeperformed?
–Howtaskswillbeperformed?
–whowillperformthetasks?
“I keep six honest serving men (they taught me all I
knew); their names are What and Why and When
and How and Where and Who.” ---Rudyard Kipling

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Addis Ababa Science and Technology University AASTU

CENG 6101 -PROJECT MANAGEMENT

“Sector of national economy engaged in preparation

–This, however, does not confer the right to unnecessarily or willfully

“Failing to plan is planning to fail”

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