Chapter 8 Risk Assessment (3) (1)

BPS1513 ITO
CHAPTER 8:
INTRODUCTION OF RISK ASSESSMENT
DR. MOHD NAJIB YACOB

LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this chapter, students should be able to:

• Explain the aims and objectives of risk assessment
• Explain the principles and practice of risk assessment
Defination
• Is the process of identifying, analyzing and

evaluating potentials hazards and risks that could
negatively impact an organization , project or
individual.
• Key part of risk management, helping to priorities
which risks should be addressed and how to
mitigate effectively.
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Objectives
Risk assessment methods are used to decide on priorities and to set

objectives for eliminating hazards and reducing risks. Wherever
possible, risks are eliminated through selection and design of
facilities, equipment and processes. If risks cannot be eliminated,
they are minimized by the use of physical controls or, as a last
resort, through systems of work and personal protective equipment.
Applications
The risk assessment shall be ‘suitable and sufficient’ and cover both the affected of
employer’s stake holders (employee, non-employee, visitor); every self-employed person
shall make a ‘ suitable and sufficient ’ assessment of the risks to which they or those
affected by the identified hazards and come out with relevant control measures according
to the hierarchy of control measures, any risk assessment report shall be safely store and
reviewed every 3 years (HIRARC GUIDELINES,2008) by the organization but if certain
situations happened, the review process COMPULSORY to be done by organization.
TYPES OF RISK ASSESSMENT
• attempts to measure the risk by relating the

probability of the risk occurring to the
possible severity of the outcome and then
QUANTITATIVE giving the risk a numerical value
• used in situations where a malfunction could
be very serious
• based purely on personal judgement and is

normally defined as high, medium or low
QUALITATIVE • normally used to determine the time frame in
which further action is to be taken
HAZARD AND RISK
It is very important to distinguish between a hazard and a

!! risk – the two terms are often confused and activities
often called high risk are in fact hazards with high
impact/severity(S) and probability/likelihood(L). There
should only be high residual risk (R) where there is poor
health and safety management and inadequate control
measures. (R) = L x S
NEAR MISS AND ACCIDENT
NEAR MISS AND ACCIDENT
RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS
1. Hazard identification
• Crucial first step of risk assessment.
• Record all significant hazards, which could result in serious harm to
people, should be identified
• Identify relevant section of the workplace/ work activities/ work
processes
• A review of accident, incident and ill-health records, safety inspection,
survey and audit reports, job or task analysis reports
• It is important that unsafe conditions are not confused with hazards,
during hazard identification and should be rectified as soon as possible
after observation.
• Examples of unsafe conditions include missing machine guards,
faulty warning systems and oil spillage on the workplace floor
..hazard identification checklist…
Persons at risk
• Employees and contractors who work full time at the

workplace are the targeted groups at risk
• Other groups who spend time in or around the
workplace
• These include young workers, trainees, new and
expectant mothers, cleaners,visitors, contractor and
maintenance workers and members of the public
2. Evaluation of risk level
• During most risk assessment it will be noted that some of the

risks posed by the hazard have already been addressed or
controlled
• Determine the rating for likelihood of occurrence and severity
of hazard
• R= L x S
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Example of risk assessment
3. Risk control measures
• In established workplaces, some control of risk will be in place

already-effectiveness of these controls needs to be assessed so
that an estimate of the residual risk may be made. The closer
control to the source of the hazard is the better.
• Involve short and long term controls
• Many hazards have had specific Acts, Regulations or other
recognized standards developed to reduce associated risks.
For example of such hazards are fire, electricity, lead and
asbestos.
Hierarchy of risk control
Prioritization of risk control
• The prioritization of the implementation of risk control

measures will depend on the risk rating (high, medium
and low)
• It may be convenient to deal with a low-level risk at the
same time as a high-level risk or before a medium-level
risk
Special cases
• Young persons
• Vulnerability-lack of experience and awareness of risks in the workplace, a
tendency to be subject to peer pressure and a willingness to work hard.
• Expectant and nursing mothers
• Pregnant workers should not be exposed to chemicals, such as pesticides
and lead, or to biological hazards,
• ionizing radiation, and shop work when long periods of standing are
required during shelf filling or stock-taking operations
• Workers with a disability
• Workers with a disability are covered by special risk assessments so that
appropriate controls are in place to protect them
• Lone workers
• small workshops, remote areas of a large site, social workers, sales
personnel
4. Record of risk assessment findings
• It is very useful to keep a written record of the risk assessment

even if there are less than five employees
• Only the significant hazards and conclusions to need be
recorded
• Should include details of the groups of people affected by the
hazards and the existing control measures and their
effectiveness
• The conclusions should identify any new controls required and
a review date
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BPS1513 ITO

DR. MOHD NAJIB YACOB

At the end of this chapter, students should be able to:

• Is the process of identifying, analyzing and

Risk assessment methods are used to decide on priorities and to set

• attempts to measure the risk by relating the

• based purely on personal judgement and is

It is very important to distinguish between a hazard and a

• Employees and contractors who work full time at the

• During most risk assessment it will be noted that some of the

• In established workplaces, some control of risk will be in place

• The prioritization of the implementation of risk control

• It is very useful to keep a written record of the risk assessment

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