2023년도 9월 고2 모의고사

변형문제

2023 9월 고2 모의고사 변형문제

3. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 두 개 고르세
요.–22번 지문–3)
[어법 추론] It’s remarkable that positive fantasies help us
relax to ①such an extent that it shows up in
1. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 세 개 고르세 physiological tests. If you want to unwind, you can
요.–20번 지문–1) take some deep breaths, get a massage, or go for
Managers frequently try to play psychologist, to a walk ― but you can also try simply closing
“figure out” why an employee has acted in a your eyes and fantasizing about some future
certain way. ①To empathize with employees in outcome ②what you might enjoy. But what about
order to understand their point of view can be when your objective is to make your wish a
very helpful. However, when dealing with a reality? The last thing you want to be is relaxed.
problem area, in particular, remember that it is You want to be energized enough to get off the
not the person who is bad, but the actions ② couch and lose those pounds ③or find that job
exhibits on the job. Avoid making suggestions to or study for that test, and you want to be
employees about personal traits they should motivated enough to stay engaged even when the
change; instead suggest more acceptable ways of inevitable obstacles or challenges arise. The
performing. For example, instead of focusing on a principle of “Dream it. Wish it. Do it.” does not
person’s “unreliability,” a manager might focus on hold ④truely, and now we know why: in dreaming
the fact ③which the employee “has been late to it, you undercut the energy you need to do it.
work seven times this month.” It is difficult for You put yourself in a temporary state of ⑤
employees to change who they are; it is usually complete happiness, calmness ― and inactivity.
much ④easy for them to change how they act.

4. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 세 개 고르세
요.–23번 지문–4)
If cooking is as central to human identity, biology,
2. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 세 개 고르세 and culture as the biological anthropologist
요.–21번 지문–2) Richard Wrangham suggests, it stands to reason
I suspect fungi are a little more forward ①why the decline of cooking in our time would
“thinking” than their larger partners. Among trees, have serious consequences for modern life, and so
each species fights other species. Let’s assume the it has. Are they all bad? Not at all. The
beeches native to Central Europe could emerge ① outsourcing of ②much of the work of cooking to
victoriously in most forests there. Would this really corporations has relieved women of what has
be an advantage? What would happen if a new traditionally been their exclusive responsibility for
pathogen came along ②what infected most of the feeding the family, making it easier ③with them
beeches and killed them? In that case, wouldn’t it to work outside the home and have careers. It
be more advantageous if there were a certain has headed off many of the domestic conflicts
number of other species around ― oaks, maples, that such a large shift in gender roles and family
or firs ― that would continue to grow and dynamics was bound to spark. It has relieved
provide the shade needed ③to a new generation other pressures in the household, including longer
of young beeches to sprout and grow up? workdays and overscheduled children, and saved
Diversity provides security for ancient forests. us time ④when we can now invest in other
Because fungi are also very dependent on ④stable pursuits. It has also allowed us to diversify our
conditions, they support other species underground diets substantially, making it possible even for
and protect them from complete collapse to people with no cooking skills and little money to
ensure that one species of tree doesn’t manage enjoy a whole different cuisine. All that ⑤is
⑤to dominate. required is a microwave.

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 2023년도 9월 고2 모의고사
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5. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 세 개 고르세 7. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 세 개 고르세

요.–29번 지문–5) 요.–31번 지문–7)
There is little doubt ①that we are driven by the Rebels may think they’re rebels, but clever
sell­by date. Once an item is past that date it marketers influence them just like the rest of us.
goes into the waste stream, further increasing its ①To say, “Everyone is doing it” may turn some
carbon footprint. Remember those items have people off from an idea. These people will look
already travelled hundreds of miles ②to reach the for alternatives, which (if cleverly planned) can be
shelves and once they go into waste they start a exactly what a marketer or persuader wants you
new carbon mile journey. But we all make our to believe ②them. If I want you to consider an
own judgement about sell­by dates; those brought idea, and know you strongly reject popular
up ③while the Second World War are often opinion in favor of maintaining your independence
scornful of the terrible waste they believe such and uniqueness, I ③would present the majority
caution encourages. The manufacturer of the food option first, which you would reject in favor of my
has a view when making or growing something actual preference. We are often tricked when we
that by the time the product reaches ④to the try to maintain a position of defiance. People use
shelves it has already been travelling for so many this reversal to make us “④independent“ choose
days and possibly many miles. The manufacturer an option which suits their purposes. Some brands
then decides that a product can reasonably be have taken full effect of our defiance towards the
consumed within say 90 days and 90 days minus mainstream and positioned themselves as rebels;
so many days for travelling gives the sell­by date. which ⑤have created even stronger brand loyalty.
But ⑤if it becomes toxic is something each
individual can decide.

6. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 세 개 고르세 8. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 세 개 고르세

요.–30번 지문–6) 요.–32번 지문–8)
Caffeine is removed from your system by an A typical soap opera creates an abstract world,
enzyme within your liver, ①that gradually ①which a highly complex web of relationships
degrades it over time. Based in large part on connects fictional characters that exist first only in
genetics, some people have a more efficient the minds of the program’s creators and are then
version of the enzyme that degrades caffeine, recreated in the minds of the viewer. If you were
allowing the liver ②to rapidly clear it from the ②thinking about how much human psychology,
bloodstream. These rare individuals can drink an law, and even everyday physics the viewer must
espresso with dinner and fall fast asleep at know in order to follow and speculate about the
midnight without a problem. Others, however, plot, you would discover it is considerable — at
have a slower­acting version of the enzyme. ③This least as much as the knowledge ③required to
takes far longer for their system to eliminate the follow and speculate about a piece of modern
same amount of caffeine. As a result, they are mathematics, and in most cases, much more. Yet
very sensitive to caffeine’s effects. One cup of tea viewers follow soap operas with ease. How are
or coffee in the morning will last much of the they able to cope with such abstraction? Because,
day, and should they have a second cup, even of course, the abstraction is ④built on an
early in the afternoon, they will find ④themselves extremely familiar framework. The characters in a
difficult to fall asleep in the evening. Aging also soap opera and the relationships between them
alters the speed of caffeine clearance: the older are very much like the real people and
we are, the longer it takes our brain and body ⑤ relationships we experience ⑤them every day. The
to remove caffeine. abstraction of a soap opera is only a step
removed from the real world.

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9. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 세 개 고르세 11. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 두 개 고르세

요.–34번 지문–9) 요.–36번 지문–11)
Much of human thought is designed to screen out If you drive down a busy street, you will find
information and to sort the rest into a manageable many competing businesses, often right next to
condition. The inflow of data from our senses one ①another. For example, in most places a
could create an overwhelming chaos, especially ① consumer in search of a quick meal has many
providing the enormous amount of information choices, and more fast­food restaurants appear all
available in culture and society. Out of all the the time. These competing firms advertise ②
sensory impressions and possible information, it is heavily. The temptation is to see advertising as
vital ②to find a small amount that is most driving up the price of a product without any
relevant to our individual needs and to organize benefit to the consumer. However, this misconception
that into a usable stock of knowledge. Expectancies doesn’t account for why firms advertise. In markets
accomplish some of this work, ③help to screen ③which competitors sell slightly differentiated
out information that is irrelevant to what is products, advertising enables firms to inform their
expected, and focusing our attention on clear customers about new products and services. Yes,
contradictions. The processes of learning and costs ④rise, but consumers also gain information
memory ④are marked by a steady elimination of to help make purchasing decisions. Consumers
information. People notice only a part of the also benefit from added variety, and we all get a
world around them. Then, only a fraction of what product ⑤what’s pretty close to our vision of a
they notice gets processed and stored into perfect good — and no other market structure
memory. And only part of what gets committed delivers that outcome.
to memory can ⑤retrieve.

10. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 바른 것을 한 개 고르세 12. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 세 개 고르세

요.–35번 지문–10) 요.–37번 지문–12)
The irony of early democracy in Europe is that it Architects might say a machine can never design
thrived and prospered precisely because European an innovative or impressive building because a
rulers for a very long time ①was remarkably computer cannot be “creative.” Yet ①considering
weak. For more than a millennium after the fall of the Elbphilharmonie, a new concert hall in
Rome, European rulers lacked the ability to assess Hamburg, which contains a remarkably beautiful
what their people were ②produced and to levy auditorium composed of ten thousand interlocking
substantial taxes based on this. The most striking acoustic panels. It is the sort of space that makes
way to illustrate European weakness is to show one instinctively ②think that only a human being
how ③few revenue they collected. Europeans — and a human with a remarkably refined creative
would eventually develop strong systems of sensibility, at that — could design something so
revenue collection, but it took them an awfully aesthetically impressive. Yet the auditorium was, in
long time ④to do so. In medieval times, and for fact, designed algorithmically, ③used a technique
part of the early modern era, Chinese emperors known as “parametric design.” The architects gave
and Muslim caliphs were able to extract ⑤very the system a set of criteria, and it generated a set
more of economic production than any European of possible designs for the architects to choose
ruler with the exception of small city­states. from. Similar software ④has used to design
lightweight bicycle frames and sturdier chairs,
among much else. Are these systems behaving
“creatively”? No, they are using lots of processing
power to blindly generate varied possible designs,
⑤working in a very different way from a human
being.

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13. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 세 개 고르세 15. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 두 개 고르세

요.–38번 지문–13) 요.–40번 지문–15)
The brain is a high­energy consumer of glucose, In 2006, researchers conducted a study on the
which is its fuel. Although the brain accounts for motivations for helping ①after the September
merely 3 percent of a person’s body weight, it 11th terrorist attacks against the United States. In
consumes 20 percent of the ①available fuel. Your the study, they found that individuals who gave
brain can’t store fuel, however, so it has to “pay money, blood, goods, or ②other forms of
as it goes.” Since your brain is incredibly adaptive, assistance because of other­focused motives
it economizes its fuel resources. Thus, ②while a (giving to reduce another’s discomfort) were
period of high stress, it shifts away from the almost four times more likely to still be giving
analysis of the nuances of a situation to a support one year later than those ③who original
singular and fixed focus on the stressful situation motivation was to reduce personal distress. This
at hand. You don’t sit back and speculate about effect likely stems from differences in emotional
the meaning of life when you are stressed. arousal. The events of September 11th emotionally
Instead, you devote all your energy to ③try to affected people throughout the United States.
figure out what action to take. Sometimes, Those who ④gave to reduce their own distress
however, this shift from the higher­thinking parts reduced their emotional arousal with their initial
of the brain to the automatic and reflexive parts gift, discharging that emotional distress. However,
of the brain can lead you ④doing something too those who gave to reduce others’ distress did not
quickly, without thinking. stop ⑤to empathize with victims who continued
to struggle long after the attacks.

14. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 세 개 고르세 16. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 세 개 고르세

요.–39번 지문–14) 요.–41~42번 지문–16)
Much research ①has carried out on the causes Since older people ①had accumulated more
of engagement, an issue that is important from knowledge, the social norm was that to be over
both a theoretical and practical standpoint: fifty was to be wise. This social perception of age
identifying the drivers of work engagement may began to shift with the advent of new
enable us to manipulate or influence it. The technologies such as the printing press. Over time,
causes of engagement ②fall into two major camps: as more books were printed, literacy ②increased,
situational and personal. The most influential and the oral traditions of knowledge transfer
situational causes are job resources, feedback and began to fade. With the fading of oral traditions,
leadership, and the latter, of course, ③being the wisdom of the old became less important and
responsible for job resources and feedback. as a consequence being over fifty was no longer
Indeed, leaders influence engagement by giving seen as signifying wisdom. We are living in a
their employees honest and constructive feedback period when the gap between chronological and
on their performance, and by providing them with biological age ③are changing fast and where
the necessary resources that enable them to social norms are struggling to adapt. In a video
perform their job well. It is, however, noteworthy ④ produced by the AARP (formerly the American
that although engagement drives job performance, job Association of Retired Persons), young people
performance also drives engagement. In other words, were ④asking to do various activities ‘just like an
when employees are able to do their jobs well — old person’. When older people joined them in
to the point that they match or exceed their own the video, the gap between the stereotype and
expectations and ambitions — they will engage the older people’s actual behaviour was striking. It
more, be proud of their achievements, and find is clear that in today’s world our social norms
work more ⑤meaningfully. need ⑤to update quickly.

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[글의 흐름 파악] (A) (B)

① Thus That is
17. 주어진 문장을 가장 적절한 곳에 위치시키세요. ② Thus For example
–30번 지문–17) ③ Likewise That is
④ However For example
<One cup of tea or coffee in the morning will ⑤ However Besides
last much of the day, and should they have a
second cup, even early in the afternoon, they will
find it difficult to fall asleep in the evening.>

The “jolt” of caffeine does wear off. Caffeine is

removed from your system by an enzyme within
your liver, which gradually degrades it over time.
(①) Based in large part on genetics, some people
have a more efficient version of the enzyme that 19. 주어진 문장 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적
degrades caffeine, allowing the liver to rapidly 절한 것을 고르세요.–21번 지문–19)
clear it from the bloodstream. (②) These rare
individuals can drink an espresso with dinner and I suspect fungi are a little more forward “thinking”
fall fast asleep at midnight without a problem. (③) than their larger partners.
Others, however, have a slower­acting version of
the enzyme; it takes far longer for their system to (A) Diversity provides security for ancient forests.
eliminate the same amount of caffeine. (④) As a Because fungi are also very dependent on stable
result, they are very sensitive to caffeine’s effects. conditions, they support other species underground
(⑤) Aging also alters the speed of caffeine and protect them from complete collapse to
clearance: the older we are, the longer it takes ensure that one species of tree doesn’t manage to
our brain and body to remove caffeine, and thus dominate.
the more sensitive we become in later life to
caffeine’s sleep­disrupting influence. (B) In that case, wouldn’t it be more advantageous
if there were a certain number of other species
around ― oaks, maples, or firs ― that would
continue to grow and provide the shade needed
for a new generation of young beeches to sprout
18. 밑줄 친 (A), (B) 각각에 적절한 낱말을 위치시키세 and grow up?
요.–20번 지문–18)
Managers frequently try to play psychologist, to (C) Among trees, each species fights other species.
“figure out” why an employee has acted in a Let’s assume the beeches native to Central Europe
certain way. Empathizing with employees in order could emerge victorious in most forests there.
to understand their point of view can be very Would this really be an advantage? What would
helpful. (A), when dealing with a problem area, in happen if a new pathogen came along that
particular, remember that it is not the person who infected most of the beeches and killed them?
is bad, but the actions exhibited on the job. Avoid
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)
making suggestions to employees about personal
④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)
traits they should change; instead suggest more
acceptable ways of performing. (B), instead of
focusing on a person’s “unreliability,” a manager
might focus on the fact that the employee “has
been late to work seven times this month.” It is
difficult for employees to change who they are; it
is usually much easier for them to change how
they act.

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20. 주어진 문장 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적 good in the world? (④) They contribute 50
절한 것을 고르세요.–22번 지문–20) percent of their profits to the construction of
toilets around the world, and we’re genuinely
It’s remarkable that positive fantasies help us happy to spend our money on this special toilet
relax to such an extent that it shows up in paper each month. (⑤) Remember that the
physiological tests. corporate world is built on consumers, so as a
consumer you have the power to vote with your
(A) The principle of “Dream it. Wish it. Do it.” wallet and encourage companies to embrace
does not hold true, and now we know why: in healthier and more sustainable practices with every
dreaming it, you undercut the energy you need to purchase you choose to make.
do it. You put yourself in a temporary state of
complete happiness, calmness ― and inactivity.

(B) If you want to unwind, you can take some 22. 주어진 문장 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적
deep breaths, get a massage, or go for a walk ― 절한 것을 고르세요.–29번 지문–22)
but you can also try simply closing your eyes and
fantasizing about some future outcome that you There is little doubt that we are driven by the
might enjoy. But what about when your objective sell­by date.
is to make your wish a reality?
(A) But we all make our own judgement about
(C) The last thing you want to be is relaxed. You sell­by dates; those brought up during the Second
want to be energized enough to get off the World War are often scornful of the terrible waste
couch and lose those pounds or find that job or they believe such caution encourages. The
study for that test, and you want to be motivated manufacturer of the food has a view when making
enough to stay engaged even when the inevitable or growing something that by the time the
obstacles or challenges arise. product reaches the shelves it has already been
travelling for so many days and possibly many
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A) miles.
④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)
(B) The manufacturer then decides that a product
can reasonably be consumed within say 90 days
and 90 days minus so many days for travelling
21. 주어진 문장을 가장 적절한 곳에 위치시키세요. gives the sell­by date. But whether it becomes
–24번 지문–21) toxic is something each individual can decide. It
would seem to make sense not to buy large
<For instance, my family has found a company packs of perishable goods but non­perishable
producing recycled, plastic­packaging­free toilet items may become cost­effective.
paper with a social conscience.>
(C) Once an item is past that date it goes into
As you may already know, what and how you the waste stream, further increasing its carbon
buy can be political. To whom do you want to footprint. Remember those items have already
give your money? Which companies and travelled hundreds of miles to reach the shelves
corporations do you value and respect? (①) Be and once they go into waste they start a new
mindful about every purchase by carefully carbon mile journey.
researching the corporations that are taking our
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)
money to decide if they deserve our support. (②)
④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)
Do they have a record of polluting the
environment, or do they have fair­trade practices
and an end­of­life plan for the products they
make? (③) Are they committed to bringing about

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23. 주어진 문장 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적 the ability to detect sounds at ever higher
절한 것을 고르세요.–30번 지문–23) frequencies, and, as they have, the frequencies of
bats’ vocalizations have risen, too. (③) Some moth
The “jolt” of caffeine does wear off. Caffeine is species have also evolved scales on their wings
removed from your system by an enzyme within and a fur­like coat on their bodies. (④) The B­2
your liver, which gradually degrades it over time. bomber and other “stealth” aircraft have fuselages
Based in large part on genetics, some people made of materials that do something similar with
have a more efficient version of the enzyme that radar beams. (⑤)
degrades caffeine, allowing the liver to rapidly
clear it from the bloodstream.

(A) As a result, they are very sensitive to caffeine’s 25. 밑줄 친 (A), (B) 각각에 적절한 낱말을 위치시키세
effects. One cup of tea or coffee in the morning 요.–36번 지문–25)
will last much of the day, and should they have a If you drive down a busy street, you will find
second cup, even early in the afternoon, they will many competing businesses, often right next to
find it difficult to fall asleep in the evening. one another. (A), in most places a consumer in
search of a quick meal has many choices, and
(B) These rare individuals can drink an espresso more fast­food restaurants appear all the time.
with dinner and fall fast asleep at midnight These competing firms advertise heavily. The
without a problem. Others, however, have a temptation is to see advertising as driving up the
slower­acting version of the enzyme. It takes far price of a product without any benefit to the
longer for their system to eliminate the same consumer. (B), this misconception doesn’t account
amount of caffeine. for why firms advertise. In markets where
competitors sell slightly differentiated products,
(C) Aging also alters the speed of caffeine advertising enables firms to inform their customers
clearance: the older we are, the longer it takes about new products and services. Yes, costs rise,
our brain and body to remove caffeine, and thus but consumers also gain information to help make
the more sensitive we become in later life to purchasing decisions. Consumers also benefit from
caffeine’s sleep­disrupting influence. added variety, and we all get a product that’s
pretty close to our vision of a perfect good —
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A) and no other market structure delivers that
④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A) outcome.

(A) (B)
① For example However
24. 주어진 문장을 가장 적절한 곳에 위치시키세요. ② Furthermore As a result
③ On the other hand However
–33번 지문–24)
④ For example As a result
⑤ On the other hand In other words
<Both act as “acoustic camouflage,” by absorbing
sound waves in the frequencies emitted by bats,
thereby preventing those sound waves from
bouncing back.>

As always happens with natural selection, bats

and their prey have been engaged in a
life­or­death sensory arms race for millions of
years. (①) It’s believed that hearing in moths
arose specifically in response to the threat of
being eaten by bats. (Not all insects can hear.)
(②) Over millions of years, moths have evolved

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26. 주어진 문장 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적 20 percent of the available fuel. Your brain can’t
절한 것을 고르세요.–37번 지문–26) store fuel, however, so it has to “pay as it goes.”
Since your brain is incredibly adaptive, it economizes
Architects might say a machine can never design its fuel resources.
an innovative or impressive building because a
computer cannot be “creative.” (C) Thus, during a period of high stress, it shifts
away from the analysis of the nuances of a
(A) Similar software has been used to design situation to a singular and fixed focus on the
lightweight bicycle frames and sturdier chairs, stressful situation at hand. You don’t sit back and
among much else. Are these systems behaving speculate about the meaning of life when you are
“creatively”? No, they are using lots of processing stressed.
power to blindly generate varied possible designs,
working in a very different way from a human ① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)
being. ④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

(B) Yet the auditorium was, in fact, designed algorithmically,

using a technique known as “parametric design.”
The architects gave the system a set of criteria, 28. 주어진 문장 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적
and it generated a set of possible designs for the 절한 것을 고르세요.–39번 지문–28)
architects to choose from.
Much research has been carried out on the
(C) Yet consider the Elbphilharmonie, a new concert causes of engagement, an issue that is important
hall in Hamburg, which contains a remarkably from both a theoretical and practical standpoint.
beautiful auditorium composed of ten thousand
interlocking acoustic panels. It is the sort of space (A) Indeed, leaders influence engagement by
that makes one instinctively think that only a giving their employees honest and constructive
human being — and a human with a remarkably feedback on their performance, and by providing
refined creative sensibility, at that — could design them with the necessary resources that enable
something so aesthetically impressive. them to perform their job well. It is, however,
noteworthy that although engagement drives job
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A) performance, job performance also drives engagement.
④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)
(B) In other words, when employees are able to
do their jobs well — to the point that they match
or exceed their own expectations and ambitions
27. 주어진 문장 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적 — they will engage more, be proud of their
절한 것을 고르세요.–38번 지문–27) achievements, and find work more meaningful.
This is especially evident when people are
The brain is a high­energy consumer of glucose, employed in jobs that align with their values.
which is its fuel.
(C) Identifying the drivers of work engagement
(A) Instead, you devote all your energy to trying may enable us to manipulate or influence it. The
to figure out what action to take. Sometimes, causes of engagement fall into two major camps:
however, this shift from the higher­thinking parts situational and personal. The most influential
of the brain to the automatic and reflexive parts situational causes are job resources, feedback and
of the brain can lead you to do something too leadership, the latter, of course, being responsible
quickly, without thinking. for job resources and feedback.

① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)

(B) Although the brain accounts for merely 3
④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)
percent of a person’s body weight, it consumes

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29. 주어진 문장 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적 [대의 파악(빈칸, 제목 등)]

절한 것을 고르세요.–41~42번 지문–29)
30. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 표현을 고르세요.
In England in the 1680s, it was unusual to live to –32번 지문–30)
the age of fifty. This was a period when A typical soap opera creates an abstract world, in
knowledge was not spread widely, there were few which a highly complex web of relationships
books and most people could not read. As a connects fictional characters that exist first only in
consequence, knowledge passed down through the the minds of the program’s creators and are then
oral traditions of stories and shared experiences. recreated in the minds of the viewer. If you were
And since older people had accumulated more to think about how much human psychology, law,
knowledge, the social norm was that to be over and even everyday physics the viewer must know
fifty was to be wise. This social perception of age in order to follow and speculate about the plot,
began to shift with the advent of new you would discover it is considerable — at least
technologies such as the printing press. as much as the knowledge required to follow and
speculate about a piece of modern mathematics,
(A) When older people joined them in the video, and in most cases, much more. Yet viewers follow
the gap between the stereotype and the older soap operas with ease. How are they able to cope
people’s actual behaviour was striking. It is clear with such abstraction? Because, of course, the
that in today’s world our social norms need to be abstraction is built on an extremely familiar
updated quickly. framework. The characters in a soap opera and
the relationships between them are very much like
(B) We are living in a period when the gap the real people and relationships we experience
between chronological and biological age is every day. The abstraction of a soap opera is only
changing fast and where social norms are a step removed from the real world. The mental
struggling to adapt. In a video produced by the “training” required to follow a soap opera is
AARP (formerly the American Association of provided by our everyday lives.
Retired Persons), young people were asked to do
various activities ‘just like an old person’. ①Soap Operas: A Familiar Abstraction
②Why Soap Operas Have to Be Complex
(C) Over time, as more books were printed, ③The Mental Training Provided by Modern Mathematics
literacy increased, and the oral traditions of ④Viewer Knowledge and Engagement in Soap Opera
knowledge transfer began to fade. With the fading Plotlines
of oral traditions, the wisdom of the old became ⑤The Role of Unusual Experiences in Understanding
less important and as a consequence being over Soap Operas
fifty was no longer seen as signifying wisdom.

① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)

④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

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31. 다음 글의 빈칸에 가장 적절한 표현을 고르세요. Diversity provides security for ancient forests.
–20번 지문–31) Because fungi are also very dependent on stable
Managers frequently try to play psychologist, to conditions, they support other species
“figure out” why an employee has acted in a underground and protect them from complete
certain way. Empathizing with employees in order collapse .
to understand their point of view can be very
helpful. However, when dealing with a problem ①to ensure a diverse and sustainable forest ecosystem
area, in particular, remember that . ②to secure the long-term health of the forest
Avoid making suggestions to employees about community
personal traits they should change; instead ③to maintain the structural integrity of the forest
suggest more acceptable ways of performing. For environment
example, instead of focusing on a person’s ④to promote the unchallenged supremacy of a
“unreliability,” a manager might focus on the fact single tree species
that the employee “has been late to work seven ⑤to guarantee that a single tree species doesn't
times this month.” It is difficult for employees to establish total dominance
change who they are; it is usually much easier for
them to change how they act.

①becoming overly empathetic with employees usually 33. 다음 글의 빈칸에 가장 적절한 표현을 고르세요.
doesn't hinder their job performance –22번 지문–33)
②the real root of the problem is the individual's It’s remarkable that positive fantasies help us
inherent character flaws, not just their actions in relax to such an extent that it shows up in
the workplace physiological tests. If you want to unwind, you can
③the issue lies not with the individual's character take some deep breaths, get a massage, or go for
but with the behaviors they display in their work a walk ― but you can also try simply closing
performance your eyes and fantasizing about some future
④excessive attempts at empathizing with employees outcome that you might enjoy. But what about
may inadvertently create added pressure and when your objective is to make your wish a
discomfort for them reality? The last thing you want to be is relaxed.
⑤the underlying challenge isn't confined to You want to be energized enough to get off the
workplace actions alone; it encompasses a wide couch and lose those pounds or find that job or
spectrum of interconnected facets study for that test, and you want to be motivated
enough to stay engaged even when the inevitable
obstacles or challenges arise. The principle of
“Dream it. Wish it. Do it.” does not hold true, and
32. 다음 글의 빈칸에 가장 적절한 표현을 고르세요. now we know why: in dreaming it, you .
–21번 지문–32) You put yourself in a temporary state of complete
I suspect fungi are a little more forward happiness, calmness ― and inactivity.
“thinking” than their larger partners. Among trees,
①foster passivity instead of motivation
each species fights other species. Let’s assume the
②inadvertently impede your teamwork skills
beeches native to Central Europe could emerge
③deplete the motivation required for action
victorious in most forests there. Would this really
④encourage procrastination instead of action
be an advantage? What would happen if a new
⑤bolster the determination needed to achieve it
pathogen came along that infected most of the
beeches and killed them? In that case, wouldn’t it
be more advantageous if there were a certain
number of other species around ― oaks, maples,
or firs ― that would continue to grow and
provide the shade needed for a new generation
of young beeches to sprout and grow up?

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34. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 표현을 고르세요. information. People notice only a part of the
–31번 지문–34) world around them. Then, only a fraction of what
Rebels may think they’re rebels, but clever they notice gets processed and stored into
marketers influence them just like the rest of us. memory. And only part of what gets committed
Saying, “Everyone is doing it” may turn some to memory can be retrieved.
people off from an idea. These people will look
for alternatives, which (if cleverly planned) can be ①The Overwhelming Inflow of Sensory Data
exactly what a marketer or persuader wants you ②Filtering and Organizing Information for Memory
to believe. If I want you to consider an idea, and ③The Role of Expectancies in Information Processing
know you strongly reject popular opinion in favor ④Sensory Impressions and Human Thought Processes
of maintaining your independence and uniqueness, ⑤The Human Thought Process: Managing Information
I would present the majority option first, which Overload
you would reject in favor of my actual preference.
We are often tricked when we try to maintain a
position of defiance. People use this reversal to
make us “independently“ choose an option which
suits their purposes. Some brands have taken full
effect of our defiance towards the mainstream and 36. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 표현을 고르세요.
positioned themselves as rebels; which has created –36번 지문–36)
even stronger brand loyalty. If you drive down a busy street, you will find
many competing businesses, often right next to
①The Influence of Popular Opinion on Decision-Making one another. For example, in most places a
②The Marketing Strategy of Positioning Brands as consumer in search of a quick meal has many
Supporters choices, and more fast­food restaurants appear all
③The Role of Rebellion in Brand Loyalty and Consumer the time. These competing firms advertise heavily.
Behavior The temptation is to see advertising as driving up
④The Psychology of Defiance: How Marketers Influence the price of a product without any benefit to the
Dependence consumer. However, this misconception doesn’t
⑤The Power of Clever Marketing: Influencing Rebels account for why firms advertise. In markets where
and the Mainstream competitors sell slightly differentiated products,
advertising enables firms to inform their customers
about new products and services. Yes, costs rise,
but consumers also gain information to help make
purchasing decisions. Consumers also benefit from
35. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 표현을 고르세요.
added variety, and we all get a product that’s
–34번 지문–35)
pretty close to our vision of a perfect good —
Much of human thought is designed to screen out
and no other market structure delivers that
information and to sort the rest into a manageable
outcome.
condition. The inflow of data from our senses
could create an overwhelming chaos, especially ①The Misconception of Advertising Costs
given the enormous amount of information ②The Impact of Advertising on Consumer Choice
available in culture and society. Out of all the ③The Benefits of Advertising in Competitive Markets
sensory impressions and possible information, it is ④The Role of Competition and Advertising in Markets
vital to find a small amount that is most relevant ⑤The Variety and Quality of Products in Modern
to our individual needs and to organize that into Markets
a usable stock of knowledge. Expectancies
accomplish some of this work, helping to screen
out information that is irrelevant to what is
expected, and focusing our attention on clear
contradictions. The processes of learning and
memory are marked by a steady elimination of

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37. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 표현을 고르세요. 38. 다음 글의 빈칸에 가장 적절한 표현을 고르세요.
–38번 지문–37) –32번 지문–38)
The brain is a high­energy consumer of glucose, A typical soap opera creates an abstract world, in
which is its fuel. Although the brain accounts for which a highly complex web of relationships
merely 3 percent of a person’s body weight, it connects fictional characters that exist first only in
consumes 20 percent of the available fuel. Your the minds of the program’s creators and are then
brain can’t store fuel, however, so it has to “pay recreated in the minds of the viewer. If you were
as it goes.” Since your brain is incredibly adaptive, to think about how much human psychology, law,
it economizes its fuel resources. Thus, during a and even everyday physics the viewer must know
period of high stress, it shifts away from the in order to follow and speculate about the plot,
analysis of the nuances of a situation to a you would discover it is considerable — at least
singular and fixed focus on the stressful situation as much as the knowledge required to follow and
at hand. You don’t sit back and speculate about speculate about a piece of modern mathematics,
the meaning of life when you are stressed. and in most cases, much more. Yet viewers follow
Instead, you devote all your energy to trying to soap operas with ease. How are they able to cope
figure out what action to take. Sometimes, with such abstraction? Because, of course, the
however, this shift from the higher­thinking parts abstraction is built on an extremely familiar
of the brain to the automatic and reflexive parts framework. The characters in a soap opera and
of the brain can lead you to do something too the relationships between them are very much like
quickly, without thinking. the real people and relationships we experience
every day. The abstraction of a soap opera is only
①Stress and its Impact on Cognitive Function a step removed from the real world. The mental
②The Energetic Demands of the Human Brain “training” required to follow a soap opera is
③Fueling the Brain: Glucose Consumption in Stressful provided by .
Situations
④The Brain's Energy Management and Adaptation ①our daily existence
in Challenging Situations ②suspension of disbelief
⑤The Balance Between Reflex and Reflection in ③our familiarity with psychology
Annoying Moments ④empathy and understanding characters
⑤understanding dramatic storytelling

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[어휘 추론]

39. 밑줄 친 부분 중 문맥상 적절하지 않은 어휘를 41. 밑줄 친 부분 중 문맥상 적절하지 않은 어휘를

고르세요.–21번 지문–39) 고르세요.–30번 지문–41)
I suspect fungi are a little more forward The “jolt” of caffeine does ①diminish. Caffeine is
“thinking” than their larger partners. Among trees, removed from your system by an enzyme within
each species fights other species. Let’s assume the your liver, which gradually degrades it over time.
beeches native to Central Europe could emerge ① Based in large part on genetics, some people
triumphant in most forests there. Would this really have a more efficient version of the enzyme that
be an advantage? What would happen if a new degrades caffeine, allowing the liver to ②swiftly
pathogen came along that infected most of the clear it from the bloodstream. These rare
beeches and killed them? In that case, wouldn’t it individuals can drink an espresso with dinner and
be ②better if there were a certain number of fall fast asleep at midnight ③with little problem.
other species around ― oaks, maples, or firs ― Others, however, have a slower­acting version of
that would continue to grow and provide the the enzyme. It takes far longer for their system to
shade needed for a new generation of young eliminate the same amount of caffeine. As a
beeches to sprout and grow up? ③Homogeneity result, they are very sensitive to caffeine’s effects.
provides security for ancient forests. Because fungi One cup of tea or coffee in the morning will last
are also very dependent on ④stable conditions, ④much of the day, and should they have a
they support other species underground and second cup, even early in the afternoon, they will
protect them from complete collapse to ensure find it difficult to fall asleep in the evening. Aging
that one species of tree doesn’t manage to ⑤ also alters the speed of caffeine clearance: the
prevail. older we are, the ⑤shorter it takes our brain and
body to remove caffeine, and thus the more
sensitive we become in later life to caffeine’s
sleep­disrupting influence.

40. 밑줄 친 부분 중 문맥상 적절하지 않은 어휘를

고르세요.–23번 지문–40)
If cooking is as central to human identity, biology, 42. 밑줄 친 부분 중 문맥상 적절하지 않은 어휘를
and culture as the biological anthropologist 세 개 고르세요.–31번 지문–42)
Richard Wrangham suggests, it stands to ① Rebels may think they’re rebels, but clever
rationale that the decline of cooking in our time marketers influence them just like the rest of us.
would have serious consequences for modern life, Saying, “Everyone is doing it” may turn some
and so it has. Are they all bad? Not at all. The ② people off from an idea. These people will look
delegating of much of the work of cooking to for ①substitutes, which (if cleverly planned) can
corporations has relieved women of what has be exactly what a marketer or persuader wants
traditionally been their exclusive responsibility for you to believe. If I want you to consider an idea,
feeding the family, making it easier for them to and know you strongly ②embrace popular opinion
work outside the home and have careers. It has in favor of maintaining your independence and
③exacerbated many of the domestic conflicts that uniqueness, I would present the majority option
such a large shift in gender roles and family first, which you would reject in favor of my actual
dynamics was bound to spark. It has relieved preference. We are often tricked when we try to
other pressures in the household, including longer maintain a position of ③compliance. People use
workdays and overscheduled children, and ④ this reversal to make us “④independently“ choose
preserved us time that we can now invest in other an option which suits their purposes. Some brands
pursuits. It has also allowed us to diversify our have taken full effect of our defiance towards the
diets substantially, making it possible even for mainstream and positioned themselves as rebels;
people with no cooking skills and ⑤little money which has created even ⑤weaker brand loyalty.
to enjoy a whole different cuisine.

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43. 밑줄 친 부분 중 문맥상 적절하지 않은 어휘를 45. 밑줄 친 부분 중 문맥상 적절하지 않은 어휘를

고르세요.–32번 지문–43) 고르세요.–35번 지문–45)
A typical soap opera creates an abstract world, in The ①contradiction of early democracy in Europe
which a highly ①complicated web of relationships is that it thrived and prospered precisely because
connects fictional characters that exist first only in European rulers for a very long time were
the minds of the program’s creators and are then remarkably weak. For more than a millennium
②recreated in the minds of the viewer. If you after the fall of Rome, European rulers ②
were to think about how much human possessed the ability to assess what their people
psychology, law, and even everyday physics the were producing and to levy substantial taxes
viewer must know in order to follow and based on this. The most striking way to illustrate
speculate about the plot, you would discover it is European weakness is to show how ③little revenue
③substantial — at least as much as the they collected. Europeans would eventually develop
knowledge required to follow and speculate about strong systems of revenue collection, but it took
a piece of modern mathematics, and in most them an awfully long time to do so. In medieval
cases, much more. Yet viewers follow soap operas times, and for part of the early modern era,
with ease. How are they able to cope with such Chinese emperors and Muslim caliphs ④could
abstraction? Because, of course, the abstraction is extract much more of economic production than
built on an extremely ④strange framework. The any European ruler with the exception of small
characters in a soap opera and the relationships city­states.
between them are very much like the real people
and relationships we experience every day. The
abstraction of a soap opera is ⑤merely a level
removed from the real world.

44. 밑줄 친 부분 중 문맥상 적절하지 않은 어휘를 46. 밑줄 친 부분 중 문맥상 적절하지 않은 어휘를

고르세요.–34번 지문–44) 고르세요.–38번 지문–46)
Much of human thought is designed to ①filter out The brain is a high­energy consumer of glucose,
information and to sort the rest into a manageable which is its fuel. Although the brain ①constitutes
condition. The inflow of data from our senses merely 3 percent of a person’s body weight, it
could create an overwhelming chaos, especially consumes 20 percent of the available fuel. Your
given the enormous amount of information ② brain can’t store fuel, however, so it has to “pay
available in culture and society. Out of all the as it goes.” Since your brain is incredibly adaptive,
sensory impressions and possible information, it is it ②squanders its fuel resources. Thus, during a
vital to find a small amount that is most relevant period of high stress, it shifts away from the
to our individual needs and to organize that into analysis of the nuances of a situation to a
a usable stock of knowledge. ③Expectancies singular and fixed focus on the ③current stressful
accomplish some of this work, helping to screen situation. You don’t sit back and speculate about
out information that is irrelevant to what is the meaning of life when you are stressed.
expected, and focusing our attention on clear Instead, you devote all your energy to trying to
contradictions. The processes of learning and figure out what action to take. Sometimes,
memory are marked by a steady ④accumulation however, this ④shift from the higher­thinking
of information. People notice only a part of the parts of the brain to the automatic and reflexive
world around them. Then, only a fraction of what parts of the brain can lead you to do something
they notice gets processed and stored into too quickly, with ⑤little thinking.
memory. And only part of what gets committed
to memory can be ⑤recalled.

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47. 밑줄 친 부분 중 문맥상 적절하지 않은 어휘를 49. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 세 개 고르세

고르세요.–40번 지문–47) 요.–21번 지문–49)
In 2006, researchers conducted a study on the I suspect fungi are a little more forward “thinking”
motivations for helping after the September 11th than ①their larger partners. Among trees, each
terrorist attacks against the United States. In the species fights other species. Let’s assume the
study, they found that individuals who gave beeches native to Central Europe could emerge
money, blood, goods, or other forms of assistance victorious in most forests there. Would this really
because of ①other­focused motives (giving to be an advantage? What ②will happen if a new
reduce another’s discomfort) were almost four pathogen came along that infected most of the
times more likely to still be giving support one beeches and killed them? In that case, wouldn’t it
year later than those whose original motivation be more advantageous if there were a certain
was to reduce ②self-related distress. This effect number of other species around ― oaks, maples,
likely stems from ③differences in emotional or firs ― ③what would continue to grow and
arousal. The events of September 11th emotionally provide the shade needed for a new generation
affected people throughout the United States. of young beeches to sprout and grow up?
Those who gave to reduce their own distress Diversity provides security ④for ancient forests.
reduced their emotional arousal with their initial Because fungi are also very dependent on stable
gift, ④retaining that emotional distress. However, conditions, they support other species underground
those who gave to reduce others’ distress did not and protect ⑤themselves from complete collapse
stop empathizing with victims who ⑤continued to to ensure that one species of tree doesn’t manage
struggle long after the attacks. to dominate.

[어법 추론2]
50. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 세 개 고르세
요.–22번 지문–50)
48. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 세 개 고르세
It’s remarkable that positive fantasies help us
요.–20번 지문–48)
relax to such an extent ①which it shows up in
Managers frequently try to play psychologist, to
physiological tests. If you want to unwind, you can
“figure out” why an employee has acted in a
take some deep breaths, get a massage, or go for
certain way. ①That can be very helpful to
a walk ― but you can also try simply ②closing
empathize with employees in order to understand
your eyes and fantasizing about some future
their point of view. However, when ②dealing with
outcome that you might enjoy. But what about
a problem area, in particular, remember that it is
when your objective is to make your wish a
not the person who is bad, but the actions
reality? The last thing you want to be is ③relaxed.
exhibited on the job. Avoid ③to make suggestions
You want to be energized enough to get off the
to employees about personal traits they should
couch and lose those pounds or find that job or
change; instead suggest more acceptable ways of
study for that test, and you want to be motivated
performing. For example, ④instead of focusing on
enough ④staying engaged even when the
a person’s “unreliability,” a manager might focus
inevitable obstacles or challenges arise. The
on the fact that the employee “has been late to
principle of “Dream it. Wish it. Do it.” does not
work seven times this month.” It is difficult ⑤with
hold true, and now we know why: in dreaming it,
employees to change who they are; it is usually
you undercut the energy ⑤what you need to do
much easier for them to change how they act.
it.

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51. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 세 개 고르세 53. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 세 개 고르세

요.–23번 지문–51) 요.–29번 지문–53)
If cooking is as central to human identity, biology, Once an item is past that date it goes into the
and culture ①as the biological anthropologist waste stream, further increasing its carbon footprint.
Richard Wrangham suggests, it stands to reason Remember those items ①have travelled hundreds
that the decline of cooking in our time would of miles to reach the shelves and once they go
have serious consequences for modern life, and so into waste they start a new carbon mile journey.
it has. Are they all bad? Not at all. The But we all make our own judgement about sell­by
outsourcing of much of the work of cooking to dates; those ②bring up during the Second World
corporations ②have relieved women of what has War are often scornful of the terrible waste they
traditionally been their exclusive responsibility for believe such caution encourages. The manufacturer
feeding the family, making it easier for them to of the food has a view when making or growing
work outside the home and ③have careers. It has something ③which by the time the product
headed off many of the domestic conflicts that reaches the shelves it has already been travelling
such a large shift in gender roles and family for so many days and possibly many miles. The
dynamics ④were bound to spark. It has relieved manufacturer then decides that a product can
other pressures in the household, including longer reasonably be consumed within say 90 days and
workdays and overscheduled children, and saved 90 days minus so many days for travelling ④give
us time that we can now invest in other pursuits. the sell­by date. But whether it becomes toxic is
It has also allowed us to diversify our diets something each individual can decide. It would
substantially, making it ⑤possibly even for people seem to make sense not to buy large packs of
with no cooking skills and little money to enjoy a perishable goods but non­perishable items may ⑤
whole different cuisine. become cost­effective.

52. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 세 개 고르세 54. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 세 개 고르세

요.–24번 지문–52) 요.–30번 지문–54)
To whom do you want to give your money? The “jolt” of caffeine does ①diminish. Caffeine is
Which companies and corporations do you value removed from your system by an enzyme within
and respect? ①Being mindful about every your liver, which gradually degrades it over time.
purchase by carefully researching the corporations Based in large part on genetics, some people
that are taking our money to decide if they have a more efficient version of the enzyme that
deserve our support. Do they have a record of degrades caffeine, ②allowing the liver to rapidly
polluting the environment, ②or do they have clear it from the bloodstream. These rare
fair­trade practices and an end­of­life plan for the individuals can drink an espresso with dinner and
products they make? Are they committed to ③ fall fast asleep at midnight without a problem. ③
bring about good in the world? For instance, my The others, however, have a slower­acting version
family has found a company producing recycled, of the enzyme. It takes far longer for their system
plastic­packaging­free toilet paper with a social to eliminate the same amount of caffeine. As a
conscience. They contribute 50 percent of their result, they are very sensitive to caffeine’s effects.
profits to the construction of toilets around the One cup of tea or coffee in the morning will last
world, and we’re genuinely happy to spend our much of the day, and if ④should they have a
money on this special toilet paper each month. ④ second cup, even early in the afternoon, they will
Remember that the corporate world is built on find it difficult to fall asleep in the evening. Aging
consumers, so as a consumer you have the power also alters the speed of caffeine clearance: the
to vote with your wallet and encourage companies older we are, the longer it takes our brain and
to embrace healthier and more sustainable body to remove caffeine, and thus the more ⑤
practices with every purchase you choose to make sensitively we become in later life to caffeine’s
⑤it. sleep­disrupting influence.

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55. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 세 개 고르세 57. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 두 개 고르세

요.–31번 지문–55) 요.–33번 지문–57)
Rebels may think they’re rebels, but clever As always happens with natural selection, bats
marketers influence ①them just like the rest of us. and their prey ①have been engaged in a
Saying, “Everyone is doing it” may turn some life­or­death sensory arms race for millions of
people off from an idea. These people will look years. It’s believed that hearing in moths arose
for alternatives, which (if cleverly planned) can be specifically in response to the threat of ②eating
exactly ②that a marketer or persuader wants you by bats. (Not all insects can hear.) Over millions
to believe. If I want you to consider an idea, and of years, moths have evolved the ability to detect
③to know you strongly reject popular opinion in sounds at ever higher frequencies, and, as they
favor of maintaining your independence and have, the frequencies of bats’ vocalizations have
uniqueness, I would present the majority option ③risen, too. Some moth species have also evolved
first, which you would reject in favor of my actual scales on their wings and a fur­like coat on their
preference. We are often tricked when we try ④to bodies; both act as “acoustic camouflage,” by
maintain a position of defiance. People use this absorbing sound waves in the frequencies emitted
reversal to make us “independently“ choose an by bats, thereby ④prevent those sound waves
option which suits their purposes. Some brands from bouncing back. The B­2 bomber and other
have taken full effect of our defiance towards the “stealth” aircraft have fuselages made of materials
mainstream and positioned ⑤them as rebels; that do something similar ⑤with radar beams.
which has created even stronger brand loyalty.

56. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 두 개 고르세 58. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 세 개 고르세

요.–32번 지문–56) 요.–34번 지문–58)
A typical soap opera creates an abstract world, in Much of human thought is designed to screen out
which a highly complex web of relationships information and to sort the rest into a manageable
connects fictional characters that exist first only in condition. The inflow of data from our senses
the minds of the program’s creators and ①is then could create an ①overwhelmed chaos, especially
recreated in the minds of the viewer. If you were given the enormous amount of information
to think about how much human psychology, law, available in culture and society. Out of all the
and even everyday physics the viewer must know sensory impressions and possible information, ②
in order to follow and speculate about the plot, which is vital to find a small amount that is most
you would discover it is considerable — at least relevant to our individual needs and to organize
as ②many as the knowledge required to follow that into a usable stock of knowledge. Expectancies
and speculate about a piece of modern accomplish some of this work, helping to screen
mathematics, and in most cases, much more. Yet out information that is irrelevant to what is ③
viewers follow soap operas with ③ease. How are expecting, and focusing our attention on clear
they able to cope with such abstraction? Because, contradictions. The processes of learning and
of course, the abstraction is built on an extremely memory are marked by a steady elimination of
familiar framework. The characters in a soap opera information. People notice only a part of the
and the relationships between them ④are very world around ④them. Then, only a fraction of
much like the real people and relationships we what they notice gets processed and stored into
experience every day. The abstraction of a soap memory. And only part of ⑤what gets committed
opera is only a step removed from the real world. to memory can be retrieved.
The mental “training” required ⑤to follow a soap
opera is provided by our everyday lives.

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59. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 세 개 고르세 61. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 세 개 고르세

요.–39번 지문–59) 요.–41~42번 지문–61)
Identifying the drivers of work engagement may In England in the 1680s, knowledge ①has passed
enable us ①manipulate or influence it. The causes down through the oral traditions of stories and
of engagement fall into two major camps: situational shared experiences. And since older people had
and personal. The most influential situational accumulated more knowledge, the social norm was
causes are job resources, feedback and leadership, that to be over fifty was to be wise. This social
the latter, of course, being responsible for job perception of age began ②shifting with the
resources and feedback. Indeed, leaders influence advent of new technologies such as the printing
engagement by ②giving their employees honest press. Over time, as more books were printed,
and constructive feedback on their performance, literacy increased, and the oral traditions of
and by providing them with the necessary knowledge transfer began to fade. With the fading
resources that enable them to perform their job of oral traditions, the wisdom of the old became
well. ③This is, however, noteworthy that although less important and as a consequence ③to be over
engagement drives job performance, job performance fifty was no longer seen as signifying wisdom. We
also drives engagement. In other words, when are living in a period when the gap between
employees are able to do their jobs well — to chronological and biological age is changing fast
the point ④that they match or exceed their own and ④which social norms are struggling to adapt.
expectations and ambitions — they will engage In a video produced by the AARP (formerly the
more, be proud of their achievements, and find American Association of Retired Persons), young
work more meaningful. This is especially evident people were asked to do various activities ‘just
when people are ⑤employing in jobs that align like an old person’. When older people joined
with their values. them in the video, the gap between the
stereotype and the older people’s actual behaviour
⑤were striking.

60. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 두 개 고르세 62. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것을 세 개 고르세

요.–40번 지문–60) 요.–23번 지문–62)
In 2006, researchers conducted a study on the If cooking is as central to human identity, biology,
motivations for ①helping after the September and culture as the biological anthropologist Richard
11th terrorist attacks against the United States. In Wrangham suggests, ①it stands to reason that
the study, they found that individuals who gave the decline of cooking in our time would have
money, blood, goods, or other forms of assistance serious consequences for modern life, and so it
②because other­focused motives (giving to reduce has. Are they all bad? Not at all. The outsourcing
another’s discomfort) were almost four times more of much of the work of cooking to corporations
likely to still be giving support one year later than has relieved women of ②whom has traditionally
those whose original motivation was to reduce been their exclusive responsibility for feeding the
personal distress. This effect ③likely stems from family, making it easier for them to work outside
differences in emotional arousal. The events of the home and have careers. It has headed off
September 11th emotionally affected people many of the domestic conflicts ③that such a large
throughout the United States. Those who gave to shift in gender roles and family dynamics was
reduce their own distress reduced their emotional bound to spark. It has relieved other pressures in
arousal with their initial gift, ④discharged that the household, including longer workdays and
emotional distress. However, those who gave to overscheduled children, and ④saving us time that
reduce others’ distress did not stop empathizing we can now invest in other pursuits. It has also
with victims who continued ⑤to struggle long allowed us to diversify our diets substantially,
after the attacks. making it possible even for people with no
cooking skills and little money ⑤enjoying a whole
different cuisine.

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[내용 일치 & 무관한 문장]

63. 다음 글에서 흐름과 관계없는 문장을 고르세요. 65. 다음 글에서 흐름과 관계없는 문장을 고르세요.
–20번 지문–63) –33번 지문–65)
Managers frequently try to play psychologist, to As always happens with natural selection, bats
“figure out” why an employee has acted in a and their prey have been engaged in a
certain way. Empathizing with employees in order life­or­death sensory arms race for millions of
to understand their point of view can be very years. ① It’s believed that hearing in moths arose
helpful. ① However, when dealing with a problem specifically in response to the threat of being
area, in particular, remember that it is not the eaten by bats. (Not all insects can hear.) ②
person who is bad, but the actions exhibited on Different bat species employ varying frequencies
the job. ② Avoid making suggestions to employees for echolocation, adapting to their hunting
about personal traits they should change; instead environments. ③ Over millions of years, moths
suggest more acceptable ways of performing. ③ have evolved the ability to detect sounds at ever
For example, instead of focusing on a person’s higher frequencies, and, as they have, the
“unreliability,” a manager might focus on the fact frequencies of bats’ vocalizations have risen, too.
that the employee “has been late to work seven ④ Some moth species have also evolved scales
times this month.” ④ Employee feedback and on their wings and a fur­like coat on their bodies;
involvement in the change process can lead to both act as “acoustic camouflage,” by absorbing
more successful and sustainable transformations. sound waves in the frequencies emitted by bats,
⑤ It is difficult for employees to change who thereby preventing those sound waves from
they are; it is usually much easier for them to bouncing back. ⑤ The B­2 bomber and other
change how they act. “stealth” aircraft have fuselages made of materials
that do something similar with radar beams.

64. 다음 글에서 흐름과 관계없는 문장을 고르세요.

–24번 지문–64)
Be mindful about every purchase by carefully
researching the corporations that are taking our
money to decide if they deserve our support. Do
they have a record of polluting the environment,
or do they have fair­trade practices and an
end­of­life plan for the products they make? ①
Are they committed to bringing about good in
the world? ② For instance, my family has found a
company producing recycled, plastic­packaging­free
toilet paper with a social conscience. ③ They
contribute 50 percent of their profits to the
construction of toilets around the world, and we’re
genuinely happy to spend our money on this
special toilet paper each month. ④ Improving
toilet and sanitation facilities in poor countries can
significantly reduce the spread of diseases. ⑤
Remember that the corporate world is built on
consumers, so as a consumer you have the power
to vote with your wallet and encourage companies
to embrace healthier and more sustainable
practices with every purchase you choose to make.

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66. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르세요. 67. 다음 글에서 흐름과 관계없는 문장을 고르세요.
–35번 지문–66) –36번 지문–67)
The irony of early democracy in Europe is that it If you drive down a busy street, you will find
thrived and prospered precisely because European many competing businesses, often right next to
rulers for a very long time were remarkably weak. one another. For example, in most places a
For more than a millennium after the fall of consumer in search of a quick meal has many
Rome, European rulers lacked the ability to assess choices, and more fast­food restaurants appear all
what their people were producing and to levy the time. These competing firms advertise heavily.
substantial taxes based on this. The most striking The temptation is to see advertising as driving up
way to illustrate European weakness is to show the price of a product without any benefit to the
how little revenue they collected. Europeans would consumer. ① However, this misconception doesn’t
eventually develop strong systems of revenue account for why firms advertise. ② In markets where
collection, but it took them an awfully long time competitors sell slightly differentiated products,
to do so. In medieval times, and for part of the advertising enables firms to inform their customers
early modern era, Chinese emperors and Muslim about new products and services. ③ The success
caliphs were able to extract much more of of a product often depends on the creativity and
economic production than any European ruler with impact of its advertisement campaign. ④ Yes,
the exception of small city­states. costs rise, but consumers also gain information to
help make purchasing decisions. ⑤ Consumers
①유럽 초기의 민주주의는 통치자들이 매우 오랫동안 also benefit from added variety, and we all get a
현저하게 약했기 때문에 그것이 번성하고 번영했다. product that’s pretty close to our vision of a
②로마의 멸망 후 천년 넘게, 유럽의 통치자들은 백성 perfect good — and no other market structure
들이 생산하고 있었던 것을 평가할 능력이 부족했다. delivers that outcome.
③유럽의 약함을 설명하는 가장 눈에 띄는 방법은 그
들이 거둔 세입이 얼마나 적은지를 보여 주는 것이다.
68. 다음 글에서 흐름과 관계없는 문장을 고르세요.
④유럽인들은 결국 강력한 세입 징수 시스템을 개발
–37번 지문–68)
했지만, 그렇게 하는 데는 엄청나게 오랜 시간이 걸
Architects might say a machine can never design
렸다.
an innovative or impressive building because a
⑤어떤 유럽 통치자들도 중국의 황제나 이슬람 문명
computer cannot be “creative.” Yet consider the
의 칼리프보다 경제적 생산물에서 더 많은 것을 얻
Elbphilharmonie, a new concert hall in Hamburg,
어낼 수 없었다.
which contains a remarkably beautiful auditorium
composed of ten thousand interlocking acoustic
panels. It is the sort of space that makes one
instinctively think that only a human being — and
a human with a remarkably refined creative
sensibility, at that — could design something so
aesthetically impressive. Yet the auditorium was, in
fact, designed algorithmically, using a technique
known as “parametric design.” ① The architects
gave the system a set of criteria, and it generated
a set of possible designs for the architects to
choose from. ② The system architect plays a crucial
role in designing the overall structure and framework
of complex software applications. ③ Similar
software has been used to design lightweight
bicycle frames and sturdier chairs, among much
else. ④ Are these systems behaving “creatively”?
⑤ No, they are using lots of processing power to
blindly generate varied possible designs, working
in a very different way from a human being.

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69. 다음 글에서 흐름과 관계없는 문장을 고르세요. (C) For example, instead of focusing on a person’s
–39번 지문–69) “unreliability,” a manager might focus on the fact
Much research has been carried out on the that the employee “has been late to work seven
causes of engagement, an issue that is important times this month.” It is difficult for employees to
from both a theoretical and practical standpoint: change who they are; it is usually much easier for
identifying the drivers of work engagement may them to change how they act.
enable us to manipulate or influence it. The
causes of engagement fall into two major camps: ① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)
situational and personal. ① The most influential ④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)
situational causes are job resources, feedback and
leadership, the latter, of course, being responsible
for job resources and feedback. ② Indeed, leaders
influence engagement by giving their employees
honest and constructive feedback on their performance,
and by providing them with the necessary
resources that enable them to perform their job 71. 주어진 문장을 가장 적절한 곳에 위치시키세요.
well. ③ It is, however, noteworthy that although –21번 지문–71)
engagement drives job performance, job performance
also drives engagement. ④ Employee engagement is a <What would happen if a new pathogen came
key factor in enhancing productivity and job along that infected most of the beeches and
satisfaction within a company. ⑤ In other words, killed them?>
when employees are able to do their jobs well —
to the point that they match or exceed their own I suspect fungi are a little more forward
expectations and ambitions — they will engage “thinking” than their larger partners. Among trees,
more, be proud of their achievements, and find each species fights other species. (①) Let’s assume
work more meaningful. the beeches native to Central Europe could
emerge victorious in most forests there. (②)
Would this really be an advantage? (③) In that
case, wouldn’t it be more advantageous if there
were a certain number of other species around ―
oaks, maples, or firs ― that would continue to
grow and provide the shade needed for a new
[글의 흐름 파악2]
generation of young beeches to sprout and grow
up? (④) Diversity provides security for ancient
70. 주어진 문장 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적
forests. (⑤) Because fungi are also very dependent
절한 것을 고르세요.–20번 지문–70)
on stable conditions, they support other species
underground and protect them from complete
Managers frequently try to play psychologist, to
collapse to ensure that one species of tree
“figure out” why an employee has acted in a
doesn’t manage to dominate.
certain way.

(A) Avoid making suggestions to employees about

personal traits they should change; instead
suggest more acceptable ways of performing.

(B) Empathizing with employees in order to

understand their point of view can be very
helpful. However, when dealing with a problem
area, in particular, remember that it is not the
person who is bad, but the actions exhibited on
the job.

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72. 주어진 문장을 가장 적절한 곳에 위치시키세요. caution encourages. (③) The manufacturer then
–24번 지문–72) decides that a product can reasonably be
consumed within say 90 days and 90 days minus
<They contribute 50 percent of their profits to the so many days for travelling gives the sell­by date.
construction of toilets around the world, and we’re (④) But whether it becomes toxic is something
genuinely happy to spend our money on this each individual can decide. (⑤) It would seem to
special toilet paper each month.> make sense not to buy large packs of perishable
goods but non­perishable items may become
As you may already know, what and how you cost­effective.
buy can be political. To whom do you want to
give your money? Which companies and
corporations do you value and respect? (①) Be
mindful about every purchase by carefully
researching the corporations that are taking our
money to decide if they deserve our support. (②)
Do they have a record of polluting the 74. 밑줄 친 (A), (B) 각각에 적절한 낱말을 위치시키세
environment, or do they have fair­trade practices 요.–30번 지문–74)
and an end­of­life plan for the products they The “jolt” of caffeine does wear off. Caffeine is
make? (③) Are they committed to bringing about removed from your system by an enzyme within
good in the world? (④) For instance, my family your liver, which gradually degrades it over time.
has found a company producing recycled, Based in large part on genetics, some people
plastic­packaging­free toilet paper with a social have a more efficient version of the enzyme that
conscience. (⑤) Remember that the corporate degrades caffeine, allowing the liver to rapidly
world is built on consumers, so as a consumer clear it from the bloodstream. These rare
you have the power to vote with your wallet and individuals can drink an espresso with dinner and
encourage companies to embrace healthier and fall fast asleep at midnight without a problem.
more sustainable practices with every purchase Others, (A), have a slower­acting version of the
you choose to make. enzyme. It takes far longer for their system to
eliminate the same amount of caffeine. As a
result, they are very sensitive to caffeine’s effects.
One cup of tea or coffee in the morning will last
73. 주어진 문장을 가장 적절한 곳에 위치시키세요. much of the day, and should they have a second
–29번 지문–73) cup, even early in the afternoon, they will find it
difficult to fall asleep in the evening. Aging also
<The manufacturer of the food has a view when alters the speed of caffeine clearance: the older
making or growing something that by the time we are, the longer it takes our brain and body to
the product reaches the shelves it has already remove caffeine, and (B) the more sensitive we
been travelling for so many days and possibly become in later life to caffeine’s sleep­disrupting
many miles.> influence.

There is little doubt that we are driven by the (A) (B)

sell­by date. Once an item is past that date it ① similarly indeed
goes into the waste stream, further increasing its ② however thus
carbon footprint. (①) Remember those items have ③ similarly thus
already travelled hundreds of miles to reach the ④ however nonetheless
⑤ for example nonetheless
shelves and once they go into waste they start a
new carbon mile journey. (②) But we all make our
own judgement about sell­by dates; those brought
up during the Second World War are often
scornful of the terrible waste they believe such

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75. 주어진 문장을 가장 적절한 곳에 위치시키세요. 76. 주어진 문장을 가장 적절한 곳에 위치시키세요.
–32번 지문–75) –33번 지문–76)

<Because, of course, the abstraction is built on an <Some moth species have also evolved scales on
extremely familiar framework.> their wings and a fur­like coat on their bodies.>

A typical soap opera creates an abstract world, in As always happens with natural selection, bats
which a highly complex web of relationships and their prey have been engaged in a
connects fictional characters that exist first only in life­or­death sensory arms race for millions of
the minds of the program’s creators and are then years. (①) It’s believed that hearing in moths
recreated in the minds of the viewer. If you were arose specifically in response to the threat of
to think about how much human psychology, law, being eaten by bats. (Not all insects can hear.)
and even everyday physics the viewer must know (②) Over millions of years, moths have evolved
in order to follow and speculate about the plot, the ability to detect sounds at ever higher
you would discover it is considerable — at least frequencies, and, as they have, the frequencies of
as much as the knowledge required to follow and bats’ vocalizations have risen, too. (③) Both act as
speculate about a piece of modern mathematics, “acoustic camouflage,” by absorbing sound waves
and in most cases, much more. (①) Yet viewers in the frequencies emitted by bats, thereby
follow soap operas with ease. (②) How are they preventing those sound waves from bouncing
able to cope with such abstraction? (③) The back. (④) The B­2 bomber and other “stealth”
characters in a soap opera and the relationships aircraft have fuselages made of materials that do
between them are very much like the real people something similar with radar beams. (⑤)
and relationships we experience every day. (④)
The abstraction of a soap opera is only a step
removed from the real world. (⑤) The mental
“training” required to follow a soap opera is
provided by our everyday lives. 77. 주어진 문장을 가장 적절한 곳에 위치시키세요.
–36번 지문–77)

<However, this misconception doesn’t account for

why firms advertise.>

If you drive down a busy street, you will find

many competing businesses, often right next to
one another. (①) For example, in most places a
consumer in search of a quick meal has many
choices, and more fast­food restaurants appear all
the time. These competing firms advertise heavily.
(②) The temptation is to see advertising as
driving up the price of a product without any
benefit to the consumer. (③) In markets where
competitors sell slightly differentiated products,
advertising enables firms to inform their customers
about new products and services. (④) Yes, costs
rise, but consumers also gain information to help
make purchasing decisions. (⑤) Consumers also
benefit from added variety, and we all get a
product that’s pretty close to our vision of a
perfect good — and no other market structure
delivers that outcome.

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78. 밑줄 친 (A), (B) 각각에 적절한 낱말을 위치시키세 However, those who gave to reduce others’
요.–38번 지문–78) distress did not stop empathizing with victims who
The brain is a high­energy consumer of glucose, continued to struggle long after the attacks. (⑤)
which is its fuel. Although the brain accounts for
merely 3 percent of a person’s body weight, it
consumes 20 percent of the available fuel. Your
brain can’t store fuel, however, so it has to “pay 80. 주어진 문장 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적
as it goes.” Since your brain is incredibly adaptive, 절한 것을 고르세요.–41~42번 지문–80)
it economizes its fuel resources. (A), during a
period of high stress, it shifts away from the In England in the 1680s, it was unusual to live to
analysis of the nuances of a situation to a the age of fifty.
singular and fixed focus on the stressful situation
at hand. You don’t sit back and speculate about (A) Over time, as more books were printed,
the meaning of life when you are stressed. literacy increased, and the oral traditions of
Instead, you devote all your energy to trying to knowledge transfer began to fade. With the fading
figure out what action to take. Sometimes, (B), of oral traditions, the wisdom of the old became
this shift from the higher­thinking parts of the less important and as a consequence being over
brain to the automatic and reflexive parts of the fifty was no longer seen as signifying wisdom. We
brain can lead you to do something too quickly, are living in a period when the gap between
without thinking. chronological and biological age is changing fast
and where social norms are struggling to adapt.
(A) (B)
① Yet therefore (B) This was a period when knowledge was not
② Yet however spread widely, there were few books and most
③ In short for instance people could not read. As a consequence, knowledge
④ Thus for instance passed down through the oral traditions of stories
⑤ Thus however
and shared experiences. And since older people
had accumulated more knowledge, the social
norm was that to be over fifty was to be wise.
This social perception of age began to shift with
79. 주어진 문장을 가장 적절한 곳에 위치시키세요. the advent of new technologies such as the
–40번 지문–79) printing press.

<Those who gave to reduce their own distress (C) In a video produced by the AARP (formerly
reduced their emotional arousal with their initial the American Association of Retired Persons),
gift, discharging that emotional distress.> young people were asked to do various activities
‘just like an old person’. When older people
In 2006, researchers conducted a study on the joined them in the video, the gap between the
motivations for helping after the September 11th stereotype and the older people’s actual behaviour
terrorist attacks against the United States. (①) In was striking. It is clear that in today’s world our
the study, they found that individuals who gave social norms need to be updated quickly.
money, blood, goods, or other forms of assistance
because of other­focused motives (giving to ① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)
reduce another’s discomfort) were almost four ④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)
times more likely to still be giving support one
year later than those whose original motivation
was to reduce personal distress. (②) This effect
likely stems from differences in emotional arousal.
(③) The events of September 11th emotionally
affected people throughout the United States. (④)

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[서술형]

81. (주관식 서술형)아래 어휘들을 주어진 해석에 맞 83. (주관식 서술형)아래 어휘들을 주어진 해석에 맞
춰 적절하게 배열하세요.–20번 지문–81) 춰 적절하게 배열하세요.–23번 지문–83)

직원들은 자신이 어떤 사람인지를 바꾸기는 어렵다; 요리하는 일의 많은 부문을 기업에 맡기는 것은 전

일반적으로 자신이 행동하는 방식을 바꾸기가 훨씬 통적으로 여성들에게(their) 한정된 가족들을 먹여야
쉽다. 하는 책임이었던 것에서 여성들을 벗어나게 했고, 그
들이 집 밖에서 일하고 직업을 갖는 것을 더 쉽게
to / them / is / they / for / to / who / change / 했다.
employees / it / difficult / change / is / much /
act. / are; / It / for / usually / how / easier / traditionally / for / making / to / corporations /
they exclusive / of / has / outside / family, / the / of /
it / their / easier / for / relieved / been / feeding
/ the / work / The / responsibility / the / cooking
/ home / has / to / and / of / work / what /
them / careers. / have / much / women /
outsourcing / of

82. (주관식 서술형)아래 어휘들을 주어진 해석에 맞

춰 적절하게 배열하세요.–22번 지문–82)

여러분은 소파에서 일어나 체중을 감량하거나 그 직

업을 찾거나 시험공부를 할 수 있을 만큼 충분히 활
력을 얻기를 원해야 한다.

energized / be / the / test. / that / You / job /

off / find / get / to / or / or / study / lose /
pounds / couch / those / that / enough / want /
and / to / for

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84. (주관식 서술형)아래 어휘들을 주어진 해석에 맞 86. (주관식 서술형)아래 어휘들을 주어진 해석에 맞
춰 적절하게 배열하세요.–23번 지문–84) 춰 적절하게 배열하세요.–30번 지문–86)

그것은 또한 우리에게 식단을 상당히 다양화하도록 만약 그들이 두 번째 잔을 마신다면, 심지어 이른 오

해 주었고, 심지어 요리 기술이 없고 돈이 거의 없는 후에라도, 그들은 저녁에 잠드는 것이 어렵다는 것을
사람들까지도 완전히 색다른 요리를 즐길 수 있게 알 것이다.
해 주었다.
they / will / afternoon, / the / even / fall / have
a / little / cuisine. / whole / with / to / / asleep / a / early / in / in / the / find / it /
substantially, / also / making / It / diets / our / they / second / evening. / should / difficult / cup,
different / and / enjoy / allowed / skills / diversify / to
/ even / possible / it / has / us / to / cooking /
money / no / people / for

85. (주관식 서술형)아래 어휘들을 주어진 해석에 맞

춰 적절하게 배열하세요.–29번 지문–85)

식품 제조업자는 무엇인가를 만들거나 재배할 때 제

품이 선반에 도달할 때에는 그것은 이미 매우 오랫
동안 그리고 아마도 상당한 거리를 이동해 왔다는
관점을 가지고 있다.

so / growing / the / reaches / the / has / when /

many / shelves / been / making / has / travelling
/ food / by / the / it / time / something / miles.
/ of / possibly / a / many / already / The / and /
the / product / for / days / that / manufacturer /
view / or

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87. (주관식 서술형)아래 어휘들을 주어진 해석에 맞 89. (주관식 서술형)아래 어휘들을 주어진 해석에 맞
춰 적절하게 배열하세요.–31번 지문–87) 춰 적절하게 배열하세요.–40번 지문–89)

이 사람들은 대안을 찾을 것이고, 그것은 정확히 마 다른 사람들의 고통을 줄이기 위해 베푼 사람들은

케터나 설득자가 여러분이 믿기를 원하는 것일 수 공격 이후 오랫동안 계속해서 고군분투하는 피해자
있다. 들에게 공감하기를 멈추지 않았다.

or / persuader / exactly / look / you / which / to / continued / attacks. / after / with / victims /
wants / to / what / for / These / can / marketer to / others’ / struggle / not / gave / long / did /
/ be / alternatives, / a / believe. / will / people who / Those / empathizing / reduce / stop /
distress / the / who

88. (주관식 서술형)아래 어휘들을 주어진 해석에 맞

춰 적절하게 배열하세요.–34번 지문–88)

모든 감각적 인상과 가능한 정보 중에서, 우리의 개

인적인 필요와 가장 관련이 있는 소량을 찾고 그것
을 사용 가능한 지식 체로 구성하는 것이 중요하다.

Out of all the sensory impressions and possible

information, small / of / is / is / a / usable / a /
and / stock / it / our / organize / that / vital /
knowledge. / individual / to / amount / most /
find / into / needs / that / to / to / relevant

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2023 9월 고2 모의고사 변형문제 정답 26) ⑤

27) ③
1) ②③④ / ②exhibits → exhibited, ③which → that(동
격의 명사절 접속사), ④easy → easier 28) ④
2) ①②③ / ①victoriously → victorious, ②what → that 29) ⑤
[=which], ③to → for
30) ①
3) ②④ / ②what → that[=which], ④truly → true
31) ③원문의 it is not the person who is bad, but the
4) ①③④ / ①why → that(명사절 접속사), ③with → for, actions exhibited on the job을 비슷한 의미를 지니는
④when → that[=which] 표현으로 바꿔 변형함.
5) ③④⑤ / ③while → during, ④to 불필요, ⑤if → whether 32) ⑤원문의 to ensure that one species of tree
doesn’t manage to dominate를 비슷한 의미를 지니는
6) ①③④ / ①that → which, ③This → It, ④themselves
표현으로 바꿔 변형함.
→ it(가목적어)
33) ③원문의 you undercut the energy you need to do
7) ②④⑤ / ②them 불필요, ④independent → independently,
it을 비슷한 의미를 지니는 표현으로 바꿔 변형함.
⑤have → has
34) ⑤
8) ①②⑤ / ①which → in which, ②thinking → to
think, ⑤them 불필요 35) ⑤
9) ①③⑤ / ①providing → provided(원문의 given을 비 36) ③
슷한 의미를 지니는 표현으로 바꿔 변형함), ③help →
helping, ⑤retrieve → be retrieved 37) ④

10) ④ / ①was → were, ②produced → producing, ③ 38) ①원문의 our everyday lives를 비슷한 의미를 지니는
few → little, ⑤very → much[=far, even, still, a lot] 표현으로 바꿔 변형함.

11) ③⑤ / ③which → where, ⑤what → that 39) ③Homogeneity(동종성) → Diversity(다양성)[=Variety]

12) ①③④ / ①considering → consider, ③used → using, 40) ③exacerbated(가중시키다) → headed off(막다)[=prevented]
④has used → has been used
41) ⑤shorter → longer
13) ②③④ / ②while → during, ③try → trying, ④doing
→ to do 42) ②③⑤ / ②embrace(받아들이다) → reject(거부하
다)[=deny], ③compliance(준수) → defiance(반항), ⑤
14) ①③⑤ / ①has carried → has been carried, ③ weaker → stronger
being → is(원문: the latter, of course, being = 변
형: and the latter, of course, is), ⑤meaningfully 43) ④strange(생소한) → familiar(친숙한)
→ meaningful
44) ④accumulation(축적) → elimination(제거)[=removal,
15) ③⑤ / ③who → whose, ⑤to empathize → empathizing discarding]

16) ③④⑤ / ③are → is, ④asking → asked, ⑤to 45) ②possessed(소유하다) → lacked(부족하다)
update → to be updated[=updating]
46) ②squanders(낭비하다) → economizes(경제적으로 사
17) ⑤ 용하다)

18) ④ 47) ④retaining(보유하다) → discharging(버리다, 해소하다)

[=releasing, relieving]
19) ⑤
48) ①③⑤ / ①That → It(가주어), ③to make → making,
20) ③ ⑤with → for

21) ④ 49) ②③⑤ / ②will → would, ③what → that[=which],

⑤themselves → them
22) ④
50) ①④⑤ / ①which → that, ④staying → to stay, ⑤
23) ② what → that[=which]
24) ④ 51) ②④⑤ / ②have → has, ④were → was, ⑤possibly
→ possible
25) ①

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52) ①③⑤ / ①Being → Be, ③bring → bringing, ⑤it 74) ②

불필요
75) ③
53) ②③④ / ②bring → brought, ③which → that(a
view와 동격을 이루는 동격의 명사절 접속사), ④give → 76) ③
gives
77) ③
54) ③④⑤ / ③The others → Others, ④should they →
78) ⑤
they should(원문의 should they를 가정법 도치되기 이
전의 형태인 if they should로 변형함), ⑤sensitively 79) ④
→ sensitive
80) ②
55) ②③⑤ / ②that → what, ③to know → know(If I
want의 want와 병렬 구조), ⑤them → themselves 81) It is difficult for employees to change who they
are; it is usually much easier for them to change
56) ①② / ①is → are, ②many → much how they act.

57) ②④ / ②eating → being eaten, ④prevent → preventing 82) You want to be energized enough to get off the
couch and lose those pounds or find that job or
58) ①②③ / ①overwhelmed → overwhelming, ②which
study for that test.
→ it(가주어), ③expecting → expected
83) The outsourcing of much of the work of cooking
59) ①③⑤ / ①manipulate → to manipulate, ③This →
to corporations has relieved women of what has
It, ⑤employing → employed
traditionally been their exclusive responsibility for
60) ②④ / ②because → because of, ④discharged → feeding the family, making it easier for them to
discharging work outside the home and have careers.

61) ①④⑤ / ①has passed → passed, ④which → where, 84) It has also allowed us to diversify our diets
⑤were → was substantially, making it possible even for people
with no cooking skills and little money to enjoy a
62) ②④⑤ / ②whom → what, ④saving → saved, ⑤ whole different cuisine.
enjoying → to enjoy
85) The manufacturer of the food has a view when
63) ④ 직원들의 피드백과 변화 과정에 대한 참여는 더 성 making or growing something that by the time the
공적이고 지속 가능한 변화로 이어질 수 있다. product reaches the shelves it has already been
travelling for so many days and possibly many
64) ④ 빈곤 국가에서 화장실과 위생 시설을 개선하는 것은 miles.
질병 전파를 크게 줄일 수 있다.
86) Should they have a second cup, even early in
65) ② 다양한 박쥐 종들은 그들의 사냥 환경에 적응하여 the afternoon, they will find it difficult to fall
반향 위치 측정을 위해 다양한 주파수를 활용한다. asleep in the evening.
66) ⑤ 중국의 황제들과 이슬람 문명의 칼리프들은 작은 도 87) These people will look for alternatives, which can
시 국가들을 제외한 어떤 유럽 통치자들보다 경제적 생 be exactly what a marketer or persuader wants
산물에서 훨씬 더 많은 것을 얻어낼 수 있었다. you to believe.
67) ③ 제품의 성공은 종종 그 제품의 광고 캠페인의 창의 88) it is vital to find a small amount that is most
성과 영향력에 따라 달라진다. relevant to our individual needs and to organize
that into a usable stock of knowledge.
68) ② 시스템 아키텍트는 복잡한 소프트웨어 응용 프로그
램의 전체 구조와 프레임워크를 설계하는 데 중요한 역 89) Those who gave to reduce others’ distress did
할을 한다. not stop empathizing with victims who continued
to struggle long after the attacks.
69) ④ 직원 참여는 회사 내에서 생산성과 직장 만족도를
향상시키는 중요한 요소이다.

70) ②

71) ③

72) ⑤

73) ③

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