Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

11
Zest for Progress
Z eal of Partnership
GENERAL BIOLOGY 1
Quarter 2 – Module 3:
Aerobic and Anaerobic
Respiration

Name of Learner: ---------------------------------------------

Grade & Section: ---------------------------------------------

Name of School: ---------------------------------------------

 Module Aerobic and Anaerobic
3 Respiration

What I Need to Know

In module 2, you have learned about the patterns of electron flow through light reactions
events. You also learned about the significant events of the Calvin cycle. In this module, you will
learn how to differentiate aerobic from anaerobic respiration. Glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, and Electron
Transport Chain (ETC) will also be discussed as the sequence of cellular respiration.
After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Differentiate aerobic from anaerobic respiration, and (STEM_BIO11/12-IIa-j-6)

2. Explain the major features and sequence the chemical events of cellular
respiration (STEM_BIO11/12-IIa-j-7).

Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that takes place in the cells
of an organisms to convert chemical energy from oxygen molecules or nutrients into ATP and
released waste product. There are two types of respiration: the aerobic respiration and anaerobic
respiration. While aerobic respiration is a process that requires oxygen, on the other hand, anaerobic
respiration, oxygen is not required. Aerobic and anaerobic respiration differ in terms of the amount
of energy that is produced. Anaerobic respiration produces less energy when compared with the
process of aerobic respiration.
We all need energy to function and we get this energy from the foods we eat. The most
efficient way for cells to harvest energy stored in food is through cellular respiration, a catabolic
pathway for the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP a high energy molecule, is
expended by working cells. Cellular respiration occurs in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. It
has three main stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and electron transport

What’s In
In module 2, you have learned about light dependent reaction and light-independent
reaction. Recall on what you have learned by answering the following activities. Let’s see
how far you have remembered.

Activity 1. Remember Me! Score: ___/ 5

Directions: Choose the correct answer of the following sentences and write your answer in
the space provided.
____1. Where does light reactions occur?
A. Stroma B. Grana C. Chlorophyll D. Chloroplast
____2. Where does dark reaction occur?
A. Stroma B. Grana C. Chlorophyll D. Chloroplast
____3. Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are
utilized in the Calvin cycle?
A. Water and glucose C. ADP and NADPH
B. Glucose and ATP D. ATP and NADPH
 ___4. What are the products of the light reactions that are subsequently used by the calvin
cycle?
A. Water and carbon dioxide C. ATP and NADPH
B. Carbon dioxide and RuBP D. water and carbon
___5. Which of the following statements best represents the relationship s between the light
reactions and Calvin cycle?
A. The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the Calvin cycle and the Calvin cycle
returns ADP ,and NADP o the light reaction
B. The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the carbon fixation step of the Calvin
cycle, and the cycle provides water and electrons to the light reactions.
C. The light reactions supply the Calvin cycle with ___ to produce sugars, and the
Calvin cycle supplies the light reactions with sugar to produce ATP
D. The light reactions provide the Calvin cycle with oxygen for electron flow, and the
Calvin cycle provides the light reactions with sugar to split.

What’s New
Now that you have remembered about the two stages of photosynthesis which are
the light reaction and dark reaction which also known as Calvin Cycle. Perform the activity
below.

Score: ___/ 10
ACTIVITY 2: Show me the Difference!
Directions: Fill in the table below with the correct answer in the column provided. Write
the letter only.

Aerobic Anaerobic
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.

A. Maximum yield of 36 to 38 ATP molecules per glucose

B. Rapid breakdown of glucose
C. Cause burning sensation in the muscle during strenuous exercise (in fermentation)
D. Brain cells in the human body can only live aerobically. They die if molecular oxygen is
absent
E. Outputs are carbon dioxide, water and ATP
F. Electrons in NADH are transferred to electron transport chain
G. O2 is the final electron acceptor of the electron transport system
H. Single metabolic pathway (in fermentation
I. Pyruvate proceeds to acetyl formation in the mitochondrion
J. Cause burning sensation in the muscle during strenuous exercise (in fermentation)
 ACTIVITY 3: Score: ___/ 10

Directions: Fill in the table with the correct answers using the word bank below.
Glycolysis Krebs Cycle ETC
1. Occur
2. Starting Material
3. End Material

CYTOPLASM MITOCHONDRIA GLUCOSE

ATP PYRUVATE HIGH ENERGY ELECTRON CARRIER

What Is It

Aerobic respiration takes place in almost all living things. Some organisms can respire in
absence of air. There are a number of fermentations pathways that different cells used; yeast cells
produced ethyl alcohol by fermentation. Certain cells of our body, namely muscles cells, used lactic
acid fermentation. Depending on the organism, some of the other products of fermentation includes
acetic acid, formic acid, acetone and isopropyl alcohol.

In plain language, anaerobic means where there is no air and thus anaerobic respiration is a
term used for the respiration that occurs without the use of oxygen. In this process, the molecules
carry oxidation, when oxygen is absent. This results in the production of energy or ATP. This type
of respiration is also equivalent to fermentation when energy production path (Glycolytic pathway)
is functioning in one cell. There are two processes of this type of respiration alcoholic fermentation,
where the Glucose is broken down and produces Energy (ATP), Ethanol and Carbon Dioxide;
Lactate fermentation where Glucose breaks down into Energy and Lactic Acid (e.g. soreness of
muscles after exercise).

AEROBIC RESPIRATION ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

How alike?
Both undergo glycolysis in the cytoplasm of the cell
Both undergo substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmosis
in producing ATP molecules
Both split the 6-carbon glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, the three-carbon molecule
Both involve a series of enzyme-controlled reactions that take place in the cytoplasm
Both use NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), a redox coenzyme that accepts two electrons
plus a hydrogen (H+) that becomes NADH
Both performed by eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

AEROBIC RESPIRATION ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

How different?
Maximum yield of 36 to 38 ATP maximum yield of 2 ATP molecules per glucose for obligate
molecules per glucose anaerobes
 Complete breakdown of glucose to Partial degradation of glucose without the use of oxygen
carbon dioxide and water with the (obligate anaerobes)
use of oxygen
Multiple metabolic pathways Single metabolic pathway (in fermentation
Pyruvate proceeds to acetyl Pyruvate is broken down to ethanol and carbon dioxide or
formation in the mitochondrion lactate (in fermentation)
The presence of enough oxygen in Cause burning sensation in the muscle during strenuous
the cell makes the cell perform its exercise (in fermentation)
job smoothly without burning
sensation
More efficient in harvesting energy Less efficient in harvesting energy from glucose with 2%
from glucose with estimated 39% energy efficiency (for obligate anaerobes)
energy efficiency (36-38 ATP) in
eukaryotic organisms but much
higher ATP production (38 to 40
ATP) in prokaryotic organisms
Outputs are carbon dioxide, water Outputs are lactate, alcohol and carbon dioxide (in
and ATP fermentation); but reduced inorganic compound in
anaerobic respiration
Products produce are for Produce numerous products with economic and industrial
biochemical cycling and for the importance through fermentation
cellular processes that require
energy
Slow glucose breakdown Rapid breakdown of glucose
Electrons in NADH are transferred Electrons in NADH are transferred to electron transport
to electron transport chain chain; but in fermentation electrons in NADH are
transferred to organic molecule
fermentation electrons in NADH are Mechanism of ATP synthesis is by substrate-level and
transferred to organic molecule oxidative phosphorylation/chemiosmosis; but in
Mechanism of ATP synthesis is by fermentation substrate-level phosphorylation only during
substrate-level and oxidative glycolysis
phosphorylation/chemiosmosis
O2 is the final electron acceptor of In anaerobic respiration, inorganic substances like NO3-
the electron transport system or SO42- are the final acceptor of the electron transport
system; but in fermentation, there is no electron acceptor
because it has no electron transport system
Brain cells in the human body can Some organisms like yeasts (eukaryotic), many bacteria
only live aerobically. They die if (prokaryotic) and the human muscle cells (eukaryotic) can
molecular oxygen is absent make enough ATP to survive in facultative anaerobes (can
live in the absence or presence of oxygen). But under
anaerobic conditions lactic acid fermentation occurs. A
facultative anaerobe needs to consume the nutrient at a
much faster rate when doing the fermentation or anaerobic
process.

The process of anaerobic respiration yields relatively less energy as compared to aerobic
respiration. The process of anaerobic respiration for production of energy can occur in either of the
following: A.) alcoholic fermentation wherein glucose is broken down to ATP, ethanol and carbon
dioxide, B.) lactic acid fermentation wherein glucose is broken down to ATP and lactic acid.
 Types of Anaerobic Respiration
Alcoholic Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation
Starts with Glycolysis Starts with Glycolysis
Occurs in Yeast, plants and one-celled Occurs in animal muscle cells and some one-
organism celled organisms
Produces 2 ATP and ethyl alcohol Produces 2 ATP and lactic acid
Produces soreness when it builds In your
muscles
Alcoholic Fermentation
enzymes
Glucose carbon dioxide + alcohol + energy
Lactic Acid Fermentation
enzymes
Glucose lactic acid + energy

Sequence of Cellular Respiration

Glycolysis
Glycolysis begins with the six-carbon ring-shaped structure of a single glucose molecule and
ends with two molecules of a three-carbon sugar called pyruvate. Glycolysis consists of two distinct
phases. The first part of the glycolysis pathway traps the glucose molecule in the cell and uses
energy to modify it so that the six-carbon molecules. The second part of glycolysis extracts energy
for the molecules and stores it in the form of ATP and NADH, the reduced form of NAD+.
The breakdown of the six-carbon glucose into two molecules of the three-carbon pyruvate
occurs in ten steps, the first five of which constitute the preparatory phase (Fig. 1). Note that two
molecules of ATP are invested before the cleavage of glucose into two three-carbon pieces; later
there will be a good return on this investment.

Step 1. The first step in glycolysis is catalyzed by hexokinase, an enzyme with broad
specificity that catalyzes the phosphorylation of six-carbon sugar. Hexokinase phosphorylates
glucose uses ATP as the source of the phosphate, and produces glucose-6-phosphate, a more
reactive form of glucose.
Step 2. The enzyme isomerase converts glucose 6-phosphate into one of its isomers, fructose-6-
phosphate. An isomerase catalyzes the conversion of molecule into one of its isomer.
Step 3. The third step is the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate, catalyzes by the enzyme
phosphofructokinase. A second ATP molecule donates a high energy phosphate to fructos-6-
phosphate, producing fructose-1,6-biphosphate.
Step 4. The newly added high-energy phosphates further destabilize fructose-1,6-biphosphate. This
step employs an enzyme, aldolase, to cleave 1,6-biphosphate into three-carbon isomer:
dihydroxyacetone-phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
Step 5. An isomerase transforms the dihydroxyacetone-phosphate into its isomer, glycerlaldehyde-
3-phosphate. Thus, the pathway will continue with two molecules of a single isomer. At this point in
the pathway, there is a net investment of energy from two ATP molecules breakdown of one glucose
molecule.
 Image taken from
General Biology
TG.
Pay Off
Stage

Figure 1. Stages of Glycolysis

So far, glycolysis has cost the cell two ATP molecules produced two small, three-carbon
sugar molecules. Both of these molecules will proceed through the second half of the pathway, and
sufficient energy will be extracted to pay back the two ATP molecules used as an initial investment
and produce a profit for the cell of two additional ATP molecules and two even higher-energy NADH
molecules. The energy gain comes in the payoff phase of glycolysis.

Step 6. The sixth step in glycolysis oxidizes the sugar (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate), extracting high
energy electrons, which are picked up by the electron carrier NAD+, producing NADH. The sugar is
then phosphorylated by the addition of a second phosphate group, producing 1,3-
biphosphoglycerate.
Step 7. In this seventh step, catalyzed by phosphoglycerate kinase, 1,3-biphosphoglycerate
donates a high energy phosphate to ADP, forming one molecule of ATP. A carbonyl group on the
1,3-biphosphoglycerate is oxidized to a carbonyl group, and 3-phosphoglycerate is formed.
Step 8. The remaining phosphate group in 3-phosphoglycerate moves from the third carbon to the
second carbon, producing 2-phosphoglycerate (an isomer of 3-phosphoglycerate). The enzyme
catalyzing this step is a mutase (isomerase).
Step 9. Enolase catalyzes the ninth step. This enzyme causes 2-phosphoglycerate to lose water
from its structure; this is a dehydration reaction, resulting int the formation of a double bond and
produces phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP).
Step 10. The last step in glycolysis is catalyzed by the enzyme pyruvate kinase (the enzyme in this
case is named for the reverse reaction of pyruvate’s conversion into PEP) and results in the
production of a second ATP molecule by substrate phosphorylation and the compound pyruvic acid
(or its salt form, pyruvate).

Citric Acid Cycle or Krebs Cycle

If oxygen is available, aerobic respiration will go forward. In eukaryotic cells, the pyruvate
molecules produced at the end of glycolysis are transported into mitochondria, which are the next
site for cellular respiration. There, pyruvate will be transformed into an acetyl group that will be
picked up and activated by a carrier compound called coenzyme A (CoA). CoA is made from vitamin
B5, pantothenic acid. Acetyl CoA can be used in a variety of ways by the cell, but its major function
is to deliver the acetyl group derived from pyruvate to the next stage of the pathway in glucose
catabolism.
 Like the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, the citric acid cycle or Krebs cycle takes place
in the matrix of mitochondria. Almost all of the enzymes of the citric acid cycle are soluble, with the
single exception of the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase, which is embedded in the inner
membrane of the mitochondrion. Unlike glycolysis, the citric acid cycle is a close loop. The last part
of the pathway regenerates the compound used in the first step. The eight steps of the cycle are a
series of redox, dehydration, and decarboxylation reactions that produce two carbon dioxide
molecules, one GTP/ATP and reduce forms of NADH and FADH2.

Image taken from

Lehninger’s
Principle of
Biochemistry

Figure 2. The Citric Acid Cycle or Kreb’s Cycle

Step 1. Prior to the start of the first step, a transitional phase occurs during which pyruvic acid is
converted to acetyl CoA. Then, the first step of the cycle begins. This is the condensations step,
combining the two-carbon acetyl group with a four-carbon oxoacetate molecule to form a six-carbon
molecule of citrate. CoA is bound to a sulfhydryl group (-SH) and diffuses away to eventually
combine with another acetyl group. This step is irreversible because it is highly exergonic. The rate
of this reaction is controlled by negative feedback and the amount of the ATP available. If ATP levels
increase, the rate of this reaction decreases. If ATP is in short supply, the rate increases.
Step 2. The citrate loses one water molecule and gains another as citrate is converted into its
isomer, isocitrate.
Step 3. The isocitrate is oxidized, producing a five-carbon molecule, a-ketoglutarate, together with
a molecule of CO2 and two electrons, which reduce NAD+ to NADH. This is the step is also regulated
by negative feedback from ATP and NADH, and a positive effect of ADP.
Step 3 and 4. These steps are both oxidation and decarboxylation steps, which release electrons
that reduce NAD+ to NADH and release carboxyl group that forms CO2 molecules. A-ketoglutarate
is the products of step three, and a succinyl CoA. The enzymes that catalyzes step four is regulated
by feedback inhibition of ATP, succinyl CoA, and NADH.
In step 5, a phosphate group is substituted for coenzyme A, and a high-energy bond is formed. This
energy is used in substrate-level phosphorylation to form either guanosine triphosphate (GTP) or
ATP. There are two forms of the enzymes, called isoenzyme, for this step, depending upon the type
of animal tissue in which they are found.
Step 6. this is a dehydration process converts succinate into fumarate. Two hydrogen atoms are
transferred to FAD, producing FADH2. The energy contains in the electrons in these atoms are
insufficient to reduce NAD+ but adequate to reduce FAD. Unlike NADH, this carrier remains attached
to the enzyme and transfers to the electrons of the electron transport chain directly. This process is
made possible by the localization of the enzyme catalyzing this step inside the inner membrane of
the mitochondrion.
Step 7. Water is added to fumarate during this step and malate is produced.
Step 8. The last step in the citric cycle regenerates oxaloacetate by oxidizing malate. Another
molecule of NADH is produced in the process.

Electron Transport Chain

The electron transport chain is the last component of aerobic respiration and is the only part
of glucose metabolism that uses atmospheric oxygen. Oxygen continuously diffuses into plants, in
animals, it enters the body through the respiratory system. Electron transport is a series of redox
reaction that resembles a relay race or bucket brigade in that electrons are passed rapidly from one
component to the next, to the endpoint of the chain where the electrons reduce molecular oxygen,
producing water. The electron transport chain is present in multiple copies in the inner mitochondrial
membrane of eukaryotes and the plasma membrane of prokaryotes.

Image taken from

https://images.ap
p.goo.gl/1obFTZ2
WpHCec35t9

Figure 4. The Electron Transport Chain

Complex I
To start, two electrons are carried to the first complex aboard NADH. This complex called
NADH dehydrogenase complex, labeled I, is composed of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and an iron-
sulfur (Fe-S)-containing protein. The enzyme in complex I is NADH dehydrogenase ad is very large
protein containing 45 polypeptide chains. Complex I accepts electrons from NADH, passing them
to ubiquinone via FMN and Fe-S centers. It can pump four hydrogen ions across the membrane
from the matrix into the intermembrane space, and it is in this way that the hydrogen ion gradient is
established and maintained between the two compartments separated by the inner mitochondrial
membrane.
Q and Complex II
Complex II directly receives electrons from FADH2, which does not pass through complex I.
The compound connecting the first and second complexes to the third is ubiquinone (Q). Q receives
the electrons derived from NADH from complex I and the electrons derived from FADH2, from
complex II, including succinate dehydrogenase. The number of ATP molecules ultimately obtained
is directly proportional to the number of protons pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Complex III
The third complex is composed of cytochrome b, another Fe-S protein, Rieske center (2Fe-
2S center), and cytochrome c proteins; this complex also called cytochrome oxidoreductase
(cytochrome b-c complex). This complex receives electrons from ubiquinone (Q), passing them on
to cytochrome c which carries electron to complex IV (cytochrome oxidase complex). Complex III
pumps proton through the membrane and passes its electrons to cytochrome c for transport to the
fourth complex of proteins and enzymes.
Complex IV
The fourth complex is composed of cytochrome proteins c, d, and a. This complex contains
heme groups and three copper ions. The cytochromes hold an oxygen molecule very tightly between
the iron and copper ions until oxygen is completely reduced. The reduced oxygen then picks up two
hydrogen ions from the surrounding medium to make water. The removal of hydrogen ions from the
mitochondrial matrix contributes to the ion gradient used in the process of chemiosmosis.

Chemiosmosis
In chemiosmosis, the free energy from the series of redox reactions just described, is to used
pump hydrogen ions (protons) across the membrane. The uneven distribution of H+ ions across the
inner mitochondrial membrane establishes both concentration and electrical gradients (thus, an
electrochemical gradient), owing to the hydrogen ions’ positive charge and their aggregation on one
side of the membrane. If the membrane were open to the diffusion by the hydrogen ions, the ions
would tend to diffuse back across into the intermembrane, driven by their electrochemical gradient.
Chemiosmosis is used to generate 90% of the ATP made during aerobic glucose catabolism;
it is also the method used in the light reactions of photosynthesis to harnessed the energy of sunlight
in the process of phosphorylation. The production of ATP using the process of chemiosmosis in
mitochondria is called oxidative phosphorylation. The overall result of these reactions is the
production of ATP from the energy of the electrons removed from hydrogen atoms. These atoms
were originally part of glucose molecule. At the end of the pathway, the electrons are used to
reduced an oxygen molecule to oxygen ions. The extra electrons on the oxygen attract hydrogen
ions (protons) from the surrounding medium, and water is formed.

Image taken from

https://images.ap
p.goo.gl/Q7kx9V
RJiQ69jPAj9

Figure 5. ATP Synthase

 What’s More

Given the knowledge you’ve learned in this lesson. Answer the following activities to
see what you have learned in this module.
Activity 4. Identify the Picture Score: ___/ 9
Directions: Identify the picture below whether Aerobic or Anaerobic. Write your answer on the
space provided for each number.

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

7. 8. 9.

Score: ___/ 20
Activity 5: Let us Recharge!
Directions: Look at the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

Image taken from

Grade 9 book
 Guide Questions: (5pts each)
1. Which of the terms found in the diagram is considered a process?
A. Glycolysis B. Krebs Cycle C. ETC D. Chemiosmosis
2. In which part of the cell does this process occurs?
A. mitochondria B. Cytoplasm C. Nucleus D. Chloroplast
3. What is the raw materials?
A. Glucose B. ATP C. NADPH D. FADH
4. What is the product?
A. pyruvate B. ATP C. glucose D. energy

What I Have Learned

ACTIVITY 6: Venn Diagram

Directions: Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration by accomplishing the Venn diagram
below. Write the letters only.
.

A. Pyruvate proceeds to acetyl formation in the G. Cause burning sensation in the muscles
mitochondrion during strenuous exercise
B. Rapid breakdown of glucose H. Both undergo glycolysis in the cytoplasm of
the cell.
C. Outputs are lactate, alcohol and carbon I. Products produce are for biochemical cycling
dioxide. and for the cellular processes that require
energy.
D. Both performed by eukaryotic and J. Multiple metabolic pathways
prokaryotic cells.
E. Outputs are carbon dioxide, water and ATP K. Produce numerous products for economic
and industrial importance through fermentation
F. Single metabolic pathway (in fermentation) L. Both split the 6-carbon glucose into two
molecules of pyruvate, the three-carbon
molecule.
 What I Can Do

Fermentation is a metabolic process that convert sugar to acids, gasses, and or alcohol. It
occurs in yeast, bacteria, and other microorganism as well as oxygen starved muscle cells.
Activity 7. Gas Production.
Directions: Perform the activity below to understand further the lesson on fermentation
Objective: To be able to produce carbon dioxide.
Materials:
• 4 plastic/gas bottles • 4 balloons
• Sugar • Cup
• Yeast • 1 tablespoon

Procedure:
1. Label the 4 bottles from 1 to 4.
2. Add 1 tablespoon of yeast in each bottles
3. Add no sugar in bottle 1, add ½ tablespoon of sugar in bottle 2, 1 tablespoon in
bottle 3, and 1 ½ tablespoon in bottle 4
4. Add 1 cup of warm water in each bottle
5. With all the ingredients in each bottle gently shake the mixtures.
6. Cover the bottles using the balloon and observe for few hours.

Guide Questions: Encircle only the letters (5pts each) Score: ___/ 15
1. Which of the 4 bottles produced large amount of gas?
A. Bottle 1, because it has no sugar.
B. Bottle 2, because it has the least amount of sugar.
C. Bottle 3, because it has moderate amount of sugar.
D. Bottle 4, because it has the highest amount of sugar.
2. How do you know that this bottle produces large amount of gas?
A. Because of the shape of the balloon.
B. Because of the shape of the container.
C. Because of the yeast.
D. Because of the sugar.
3. What is your implication in doing the activity?
A. The production of gas depends on the amount of yeast?
B. The production of gas depends on the amount of sugar?
C. The production of gas depends on the size of the bottles.
D. The production of gas depends on the size of the balloon.

Assessment

Directions. Choose the letter of your choice and write it on the space provided for.
___1. Which of the following organelles present in the cell is associated with cellular respiration?
A. Chloroplast B. mitochondrion C. endoplasmic reticulum D. nucleus
___2. During aerobic respiration, which of the following directly donates electrons to the electron
transport chain at the lowest energy level?
A. NAD+ B. NADH C. ATP D. FADH2
___3. How many ATP molecules are used up during glycolysis?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
___4. The primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to
A. yield energy in the form of ATP as it passed down the respiratory chain
B. Act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen, forming water
C. combine with carbon, forming CO2
D. combine with lactate, forming pyruvate
___5. Which metabolic pathway is common to both cellular respiration and fermentation?
A. the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
B. the citric acid cycle
C. oxidative phosphorylation
D. glycolysis
___6. It is the first step in cellular respiration that begins releasing energy stored in glucose.
A. Glycolysis B. Krebs Cycle C. ETC D. Chemiosmosis
___7. If oxygen is NOT present, glycolysis is followed by _____________________
A. Krebs cycle B. ETC C. Calvin cycle D. Fermentation
___8. What is the products of glycolysis?
A. Carbon dioxide B. FAD and NAD C. Pyruvic acid D. Lactate
___9. What are the products of Electron Transport Chain?
A. Glucose and oxygen
B. ATP and water
C. Lactic acid
D. Oxygen and ATP
___10. What types of respiration does not require oxygen?
A. Aerobic B. Anaerobic C. Glycolysis D. Krebs cycle
___11. Lactic acid fermentation occurs in your muscles after a workout because your cells are
struggling to get
A. Glucose B. Sunlight C. Oxygen D. Water
___12. which of the following is a reactant of Krebs cycle?
A. Oxygen B. Carbon dioxide C. Glucose D. Pyruvate
___13. When an organism is in a low oxygen situation, such as running sprints, cellular respiration
ceases and the organisms must use a different metabolic pathway for creating energy without
oxygen. What do we call this process?
A. Acidification B. Hydrolysis C. Fermentation D. Citric acid cycle
___14. What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
A. Aerobic respiration needs oxygen to occur, while anaerobic does not
B. Anaerobic respiration needs oxygen to occur, while aerobic does not
C. Aerobic respiration needs carbon dioxide to occur, while anaerobic does not
D. Aerobic respiration creates oxygen, while anaerobic does not
___15. Which of the following types of fermentation can occur during anaerobic respiration?
A. Glycolysis and fermentation
B. Alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation
C. Lactic acid and ethanol
D. Aerobic and anaerobic
 Additional Activities

Score: ___/ 9
Activity 8. Arrange the Stages of cellular Respiration
Directions: Arrange the stages of cellular respiration using the terms listed below the table.

Starting Materials
_______________ _____________ _________________

Stages:
__________________ __________________ _________________

End product:
________________ __________________ _________________

Pyruvate glucose high electron carrier ATP

Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron Transport Chain
References:
Grade 9 Science Textbook
SEDIP Biology book
UBD Books Series of 2010
General Biology TG for Senior High School.

Development Team Region IX Hymn

MI ULTIMO ADIOS
Writers: Aires B. Jatico
Rico R. Jatico
Jeanrizel V. Dagumo Adios, Patria Adorada, region del sol querida, Deja que el sol ardiento las lluvas evapore
Perla del Mar del Oriente, nuestro perdido Eden! Y al cielo tornen puras con mi clamor en pos,
Charess V. Palangan Deja que un sér amigo mi fin temprano llore
A darte voy alegre la triste mustia vida,
Y fuera más fresca, más florida, Y en las serenas tardes cuando por mi alguien ore
Editors: Margie Lou C. Jacob Tambien por tí la diera, la diera por tu bien. Ora Tambien, Oh Patria, por mi descanso á Dios!
Laarni A. Adonis
En campos del batalla, luchando con delirio Ora por todos cuantos murieron sin ventura,
Kathleen Joy B. Padilla Por cuantos padecieron tormentos sin igual,
Otros te dan sus vidas sin dudas, sin pesar;
Joly C. Baradero El sitio nada importa, ciprés, laurel ó lirio, Por nuestras pobres madres que gimen su amargura;
Cadalso ó campo abierto, combate ó cruel martirio, Por huérfanos y viudas, por presos en tortura
Reviewer: Sandy R. Albarico Lo mismo es si lo piden la patria y el hogar. Y ora por tí que veas tu redencion final.
Illustrator: Y cuando ya mi tumba de todos olvidada
Yo muero cuando veo que el cielo se colora
Layout Artist: No tenga cruz ni Piedra 3
que marquen su lugar,
ACTIVIT Y al fin anuncia el día trás lóbrego capuz;
ACTIVITY 2 ACTIVITY
Deja que la are el hombre, la esparza con la azada,
Si grana necesitas para teñir tu aurora,
Management Team:Y1 Photosynthesis
Vierte la sangre Cellular
mía, derrámala en buen hora Y mis1. A antes que vuelvan á la nada,
cenizas
Y dórela un reflejo de su naciente luz. El polvo de tu alfombra que vayan á formar.
Majarani M.1.
Jacinto,
A CESO VI Respiration 2. C
SDS
2. C 3. B
• Chlorophyll • Mitochondria
Mis sueños cuando apenas muchacho adolescente,
Mis sueños cuando joven ya IIeno de vigor,
Entonces nada importa me pongas en olvido,
Tu atmósfera, tu espacio, tus valles cruzaré,
Visminda3.Q. B
Valde, Ed.D • Chloroplast
Feuron el verte un día,•joya
Animal
del mar de cells
oriente Vibrante y limpia nota seré para tu oido,
4.
ASDSF Secos los negros ojos, alta la tersa frente,
• Plant cell • Produces Aroma, luz, colores, rumor, canto, gemido
Constante repitiendo la esencia de mi fé.
Sin ceño, sin arrugas, sin manchas de rubor.
5. E • Produces O2 CO2
Raymond M.6.Salvador,
D Ed.D Ensueño de mi vida, mi ardiente vivo anhelo, Mi Patria idolatrada, dolor de mis dolores,
ASDS • 6CO2+ • Glucose
Salud te grita el alma que +
pronto va á partir! Querida Filipinas, oye el postrer adios.
Salud! ah que es hermosooxygen
caer por darte vuelo, Ahi te dejo todo, mis padres, mis amores.
Morir por darte vida, morir bajo tu cielo, Voy donde no hay esclavos, verdugos ni opresores.
Juliet M. Magallanes, Ed.D GuideY enQuestion:
tu encantada tierra la eternidad dormir. Donde la fé no mata, donde el que reyna es Dios
CID Chief
Si sobre mi sepulcro vieres brotar un dia Adios, padres y hermanos, trozos del alma mía,
Entre la espesa yerba sencilla, humilde flor, Amigos de la infancia en el perdido hogar,
Florencio ACTIVITY
R. Caballero, DTE ACTIVITY ACTIVITY 7 del fatigoso día;
5 Acércala a tus labios y besa al alma mía, 6 Dad gracias que descanso
EPS - LRMDS 1. Tla tumba fría 6. Adios,1. T extrangera, mi amiga,
dulce 6. mi alegria,
1. adding 6.Y sienta
absorb yo en mi frente bajo
De tu ternura el soplo, deTtu hálito el calor. Adios,Tqueridos séres morir es descansar.
2. reversible 7.
Sandy R. Albarico 2. T 7.
chlorophyll
EPS - Science Deja á la luna verme con 2.luz T
tranquila y suave; 7.
3. five 8.Deja que el alba envíe suTresplandor fugaz,
water T
4. phosphoanhydride 9.Deja gemir al viento con 3. F
su murmullo grave, 8. 3. F 8.
Y si desciende y posa sobre mi cruz un ave
Deja que el ave entone su cantino de paz.

ACTIVITY 8 Assessment
1. T 6. 1. C 6. A 11. C
T 2. B 7. B 12. A
2. T 7. 3. C 8. B 13. A
T 4. D 9. C 14. A
3. F 8. 5. A 10. A 15.