SABARAGAMUWA UNIVERSITY OF SRI LANKA

FACULTY OF GEOMATICS
DEPARTMENT OF SURVEYING AND GEODESY
Course Unit : FC 11216
Subject : Analytic Geometry & Linear Algebra

Tutorial No. 01 Year I, Semester I, 2024

1. a) Find the A + B and A − B,

   
3 4 6 1 1 5
(i) A = ,B=
8 9 2 2 0 3

   
3 −1
(ii) A = 8 , B =  0 
9 3

   
2 3 5 5 −9 6
(iii) A = 5 4 2 , B = 2 3 −5
2 5 9 4 −9 7

 
  1 2 3
3 4 −1 2 3 4 5 
b) (i) If A = ,B=
1 −2 8, compute AB

6 2 8 5
6 7 9

 
1 1 2  
1 −1 0
(ii) If A =  0 2 6 ,B=
 , find BA.
2 2 9
−1 6 7

   
1 1 −1 1
(iii) If A = ,B= , find AB and BA
2 2 1 −1

   
3 −1 2 3 0 2
(iv) If A = 2 6 8 , B = 1 −1 0 , find AB and BA if they exist.
0 1 0 0 0 8

   
  1 1 2 1 1 1 5
3 4 −1
c) If A = , B =  2 3 5, C = 2 0 0 6
2 6 6
−1 0 2 3 −1 −1 8
Show that (AB)C = A(BC).
      
1 3 5 2 4 3 7 6 −4
2. a) If A = ,B= ,C= , evaluate 2A + 3B − 5C.
2 −4 9 3 9 8 3 1 −2

     
1 2 −3 −2 a b
b) If A = 3 4, B =  1 −5, C =  c d , such that A + B − D = 0. Find D.
5 6 3 9 e f

c) Solve the following equations for X and Y :

   
3 −3 0 4 1 5
2X − Y = , 2Y + X =
3 3 2 −1 4 −4

 
3 2 1
3. a) If A = 1 0 2, find A2 − 3A + 5I.
0 1 1

 
3 2 2
b) If A = 1 4 −1, show that A3 − 12A2 + 47A − 60I = O where O is a null matrix.
0 2 5

   
x+y y−z t−x z−t
4. a) Find the values of x, y, z and t for which the matrices and
5−t 7+x x−y x+z+t
be equal.

 
2 7 4
b) Compute all the sub-matrices of the matrix 6 3 9.
4 −1 3

 
1 2 −3 7
5. a) Find the additive inverse of the matrix A = 2 −5 6 −9
3 4 5 −4

b) If ω is a complex cube root of unity, show that

1 ω ω2 ω ω2 1
     2 
ω 1 ω
 ω ω 2 1  + ω 2 1 ω  +  1 ω ω 
ω2 1 ω 1 ω ω2 ω ω2 1
is a null matrix.
      
2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4
6. a) Let 1 1 −3 , 3 0 5  and 5 −1 0 , find A + B − C.
1 0 4 6 9 −1 2 3 1

   
1 2 −1 −2
b) If A = 3 4 , B =  0 4  , Find the matrix X such that A + B − X = O.
5 6 3 1

 
1 −2 2
7. a) Let A = −1 3 1 , find the matrix B obtained by
2 −1 0

(i) subtracting R1 + 2R2 from R3 .

(ii) interchanging C1 and C3 ,

where, Ri and Ci represent it h column respectively of A.

   
2 3 1 1 2 −1
b) Given A = ,B= , find 2A − 2B.
0 −1 5 0 −1 3

    
2 −1 3 x 1
8. a) If 1
 2 −4   y = −3, Find the values of x, y and z.
 
−1 3 −2 z 6

b) Find the product of the matrices,

 
  1 2
2 3 4
(i) and  3 −4
−1 2 −5
−5 6

   
1 3 2 3 1 2
(ii) 0 2 1 and 4 2 3
0 5 3 4 −1 1

c) Prove that AB is a null matrix when A and B are matrices given below:
   2 
0 c −b a ab ac
A = −c 0 a  and B = ab b2 bc 
b −a 0 ac bc c2
  
1 2 0
9. a) Given A = −1 0 1 is a square matrix,
0 0 1

(i) Find A2

(ii) Show that A3 = A2 .A = A.A2 and A5 = A2 .A3 = A3 .A2 .

 
4 2
b) If A = find (A − 2I)(A − 3I), when I is an identity matrix of order 2.
−1 1

     
0 1 −1 2 2 −1
c) Let P = ,Q= and R = .
2 3 4 3 6 5

(i) Find P (Q + R)

(ii) Hence prove P (Q + R) = P Q + P R.

 
 1 4 5
1 2 3
d) (i) If A = , B = 2 −3 1 , find AB and BA whenever possible.
1 −3 4
4 −1 2

   
a1 b1 c1 1 0 0
(ii) If A = a2 b2 c2  , B = λ 1 1 , find AB and BA.
a3 b3 c3 0 0 1

   
1 2 3 0 2 1
(iii) If A =  2 3 4 , B = 1 3 4 , compute AB and BA and show that
−1 1 2 0 −2 −3
AB ̸= BA

10. Prove that the product of the matrices

cos2 θ cos2 ϕ
   
cosθsinθ cosϕsinϕ
 , 
cosθsinθ sin2 θ cosϕsinϕ sin2 ϕ
π
is a zero matrix when θ , ϕ differ by an odd multiple of .
2
11. If A and B are square matrices of order n, show that

a) (A + B)2 = A2 + AB + BA + B 2

b) (A − B)2 = A2 − AB − AB + B 2

c) (A − B)(A + B) = A2 + AB − BA − B 2

d) (A + B)3 = A3 + BA2 + ABA + B 2 A + A2 B + BAB + AB 2 + B 3

What do these formulae become when A and B are commutative?

 
cosα sinα
12. If Aα =   then,
−sinα cosα
 
cosnα sinnα
a) Anα =   , where n is a positive integer.
−sinnα cosnα

b) Aα .Aβ = Aα+β = Aβ Aα

 
1 1 1
13. a) Write the transpose of A = 1 2 3.
1 3 4

   
i 0 0 i
b) If A = ,B= . prove that (AB)′ = B ′ A′ .
0 −i −i 0

c) Verify the result (AB)′ = B ′ A′ by taking square matrices of order 3.

14. a) (i) If A is symmetric matrix, prove that kA is also a symmetric matrix.

(ii) If A, B are symmetric, prove that (A + B) is also symmetric.

(iii) Prove that all positive integral powers of a symmetric matrix are symmetric ma-
trices.
(iv) If A and B are symmetric, show that AB is symmetric iff AB = BA.

(v) If A is a square matrix, prove that AA′ and A′ A are both symmetric.

b) (i) If A, B are skew-symmetric, prove that (A + B) is also skew-symmetric.

(ii) if A and B are symmetric, prove that AB − BA is skew-symmetric.

 c) If A is a square matrix, prove that
(i) A + A′ is symmetric

(ii) A − A′ is skew-symmetric.

15. Find the inverses of the following matrices.

 
2 −1 1 −1
 5 −3 1 1
a) A =  
2 3 −1 0 
−3 −1 0 1
 
1 2 1
b) B = 3 2 3

1 1 2
 
3 −2 0 1
0 2 2 1
c) C = 
1 −2 −3 −2


0 1 2 1
 
1 2 0 0
0 3 0 0
d) D = 0 0 2 1


0 0 0 3

 
3−x 2 2
16. If the matrix A =  2 4−x 1  is singular, find the value of x.
−2 −4 −1 − x

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