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    Question1

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    0 views3 pages

    Question1

    Uploaded by

    waqas ali
    Solution

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Solution

    Given Data:
     Sample mean ( x ) = 48 miles per hour

     Population mean ( μ0 ) = 45 miles per hour

     Sample size (n) = 25


     Sample standard deviation (s) = 5.4 miles per hour
     Significance level (α) = 0.10
     Assume the population is normally distributed.
    Hypotheses:

     Null hypothesis ( H 0): The mean speed is 45 miles per hour (μ=45).

     Alternative hypothesis ( H 1): The mean speed is greater than 45 miles per hour (μ>45).

    Steps for Solution:


    Step 1: State the hypotheses

     Null hypothesis: H 0 : μ=45

     Alternative hypothesis: H 1 : μ >45

    Step 2: Choose the significance level (α\alphaα)


    We are given α=0.10.
    Step 3: Calculate the test statistic
    The t-test statistic is calculated using the formula:
    x−μ0
    t=
    s
    √n
    where:
     x = 48

     μ0 = 45

     s = 5.4
     n = 25
    48−45 3
    t= = =2.7778
    5.4 1.08
    √ 25

    Step 4: Find the critical value for rejection region (Rejection Area Method)
    Since this is a one-tailed test with α=0.10, we will find the critical t-value from the t-distribution
    table with n−1=24 degrees of freedom (df = 24).
    t critical=1.711

    This means that if the t-statistic is greater than 1.711, we reject the null hypothesis.
    Step 5: Calculate the p-value (P-Value Method)
    The p-value represents the probability of observing a value at least as extreme as the test
    statistic under the null hypothesis.
    p−value=P (t>2.7778)≈ 0.0055
    Step 6: Make the decision
     The t-statistic (2.7778) is greater than the critical value (1.711), so we reject the null
    hypothesis.
     The p-value (0.0055) is less than α=0.10, so we reject the null hypothesis.
    Step 7: Conclusion
    Based on the comparison of the t-test statistic with the critical value or the p-value with α, we
    will decide whether to reject the null hypothesis.
    Conclusion:
    There is enough evidence to support the country’s claim that the mean speed of vehicles is
    greater than 45 miles per hour at the 0.10 significance level.
    R Code:
    # Given values
    sample_mean <- 48
    pop_mean <- 45
    sample_sd <- 5.4
    n <- 25
    alpha <- 0.10

    # Step 3: Calculate the t-statistic


    t_stat <- (sample_mean - pop_mean) / (sample_sd / sqrt(n))
    t_stat

    # Step 4: Find the critical t-value (one-tailed, df = 24)


    t_critical <- qt(1 - alpha, df = n - 1)
    t_critical

    # Step 5: Calculate the p-value


    p_value <- 1 - pt(t_stat, df = n - 1)
    p_value

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