Laboratory-Experiment-No-8

Laboratory Experiment No.
8
Work and Power
INTRODUCTION
Work and power are fundamental concepts in physics that play a

crucial role in understanding how energy is transformed and
transferred within systems. Work is defined as the product of force
and displacement, where a force acts upon an object to cause it to
move a certain distance. In contrast, power is the rate at which work
is done, indicating how quickly energy is being transferred or
transformed. As professionals in any field, it is essential to grasp
these concepts because they underpin many practical applications,
such as calculating the efficiency of machines or determining the
amount of energy needed for certain tasks.
Everyday we are faced with so much work to accomplish-
assignments, research works, doing household chores among
others. But in physics, work is defined as the magnitude of the
displacement multiplies by the component of the force parallel to
the displacement.
Work is a scalar quantity that can have a value of zero, positive
or negative. If a force applied did not result in a displacement in the
direction of the force, we say that no work was done. You can push a
rigid wall but a displacement is most unlikely to occur. Work has a
positive value if the displacement is in the same direction as the
applied force. If you push a box, and the box moves forward, then it
is a positive work. When you climb a stair, the work done has a
negative value.
But a person is limited in the work he can do, not only by the
total energy required for the task but also by how fast this energy
can be transformed.
A person taking a long walk or climbing many flights of stairs
has to stop because so much energy has been lost. On the other
hand, if you run very quickly in climbing the stairs, you will be
exhausted after a short period of time. You may not be able to reach
the top because you are limited by power - which can convert
chemical energy into mechanical energy.
APPARATUS/MATERIALS
To perform the experiment, the following apparatus are needed:
Weighing scales, meter stick, stopwatch
PROCEDURE
A. Horizontal Surface
1. Choose two group mates whose masses are significantly
different from one another.
2. Find their weights using the weighing scale. Express it in
Newtons.
3. Measure a horizontal distance of 8-12 meters. You can adjust
the distance depending on the available space. Consult your
instructor.
4. Measure the time required for each chosen group mate to travel
the horizontal distance by walking normally.
5. Compute the power used.
6. Repeat the same procedure but this time your group mates will
run to travel the horizontal distance.
B. Vertical Distance
1. Measure the height in meters of a flight of stairs in your school,
by measuring the height of 1 step and multiplying it by the
number of steps. The Horizontal distance previously considered in
procedure A should be the basis of the vertical elevation for this
procedure.
2. Measure the time required for the previously chosen
groupmates to climb the stairs by walking normally.
3. Compute the power required to travel the distance.
4. Repeat the same procedure, but this time your group mates will
run in order to reach the top of the stairs.
DATA
A. Horizontal Distance
I. II.
Mass of the body 41 kg 87 kg
Weight of the body 402. 21 N 853.47 N
Distance traveled 8 meters 8 meters
Time to travel the 7.72 seconds 9.01 seconds
distance
Work output in walking 43.952 Joules 93.43 Joules
Work output in running 233.82 Joules 508.21 Joules
Power output in walking 5.69 W 10.37 W
Power output in running 69.8 W 153.54 W
B. Vertical Distance
I. II.
Mass of the body 41 kg 87 kg
Weight of the body 402.21 N 853.47 N
Distance traveled 2.85m 2.85m
Time to travel the 6.34s 2.85s
distance
Work output in walking 8.29 Joules 14.02 Joules
Work output in running 33.35 Joules 76.97 Joules
Power output in walking 1.31 W 1.97 W
Power output in running 10.55 W 24.40 W
COMPUTATION (A)
Weight of the body: [ weight = (mass)(gravity)]
I. W = 41kg x 9.81m/s2 = 402.21 N

II. W = 87kg x 9.81m/s2 = 853.47 N
Work output in walking: [ Work = (Force)(Displacement)]

I. Given:
t=7.72 seconds
vo=0
m=41kg
d=8 meters
a=0.134 m/s2
v=1.036 m/s
Solution:
1ST:
2ND:
3RD:
4TH:
II. Given:
t=7.72 seconds
vo=0
m=87kg
d=8 meters
a=0.134 m/s2
v=1.036 m/s
d=8m
Solution:
1ST:
2ND:
3RD:
4TH:
Work output in running:

I. Given:
t=3.35 seconds
vo=0
m=41kg
d=8 meters
Solution:
1ST:
2ND:
3RD:
4TH:
II. Given:
t=3.31 seconds
vo=0
m=87kg
d=8 meters
Solution:
1ST:
2ND:
3RD:
4TH:
Power output in walking:
Formula:
I. Given:
W=43.952 J
t=7.72s
Sol’n:
II. Given:
W=93.43 J
t=9.01s
Sol’n:
Power output in running:

I. Given:
W=233.82 J
t=3.35s
Sol’n:
II. Given:
W=508.21 J
t=3.31s
Sol’n:
COMPUTATION (B)
Work output in walking: [ Work = (Force)(Displacement)] (STAIRS)

I. Given:
m=41kg
d=2.85 m
t=6.34 s
vo=0
Solution:
1ST:
2ND:
3RD:
4TH:
II. Given:
m=87kg
d=2.85 m
t=7.10 s
vo=0
Solution:
1ST:
2ND:
3RD:
4TH:
Work output in running (STAIRS)

I. Given:
t=3.16 seconds
vo=0
m=41kg
d=2.85 m
Solution:
1ST:
2ND:
3RD:
4TH:
II. Given:
t=3.03 seconds
vo=0
m=87kg
d=2.85 m
Solution:
1ST:
2ND:
3RD:
4TH:
Power output in walking (STAIRS)
I. Given:
W=8.29 J
t=6.34s
Sol’n:
II. Given:
W=14.02 J
t=7.10s
Sol’n:
Power output in running (STAIRS)

I. Given:
W=33.35 J
t=3.16s
Sol’n:
II. Given:
W=76.97 J
t=3.03s
Sol’n:
QUESTIONS
1. What is the relationship between work and power?
 Work and power are closely related concepts in physics.
Work is the transfer of energy when a force is applied to an
object causing displacement, while Power is the rate at which
work is done, or the rate at which energy is transferred or
converted. So, while work measures the amount of energy
transferred, power measures how quickly that energy is
transferred.
2. Does the weight of a person affect his power to be able to

perform the two tasks in the experiment?
 Yes, the weight of a person can affect their power when
performing tasks that involve lifting or moving objects. The
weight is the force due to gravity acting on the person's mass
(given by W=m•g, where m is mass and g is acceleration due
to gravity). In tasks involving movement or lifting, a heavier
person has more weight to lift or move, which requires more
force to overcome gravity, potentially affecting the power
required to perform the task. The power depends on how
quickly the person can do the work, which might be affected
by their weight (as heavier individuals may be slower or
require more energy to move the same distance).
3. A pump is to lift 8.5kg of water per minute through a height of 4.0

m. What output in Watts and in HP should the motor have?
 To calculate the power required for this task, we use the formula
for work:
where:
 m = 8.5kg (mass of water),

 g = 9.81m/s2 (acceleration due to gravity),
 h = 4.0m (height the water is lifted).
The work done in lifting the water in one minute (60 seconds) is:
Work = 8.5kg × 9.81 m/s2 × 4.0m = 333.24 Joules.
Since this work is done in 60 seconds, the power is:
To convert to horsepower (HP), use the conversion factor 1HP = 746

W:
So, the motor needs an output of 5.56 Watts or about 0.00746

HP.
4. How much work can a 2.0 HP motor do in 1.0 hr?
 First, convert horsepower to watts:
2.0HP = 2.0 × 746W = 1492W.
Now, calculate the work done in 1 hour (3600 seconds):
Work = Power × Time = 1492W × 3600s = 5,371,200Joules.
So, the motor can do 5,371,200 Joules of work in 1 hour.
5. How high will a 0.30 kg object go if it was thrown vertically by

someone who does 100 J of work on it? Neglect air resistance.
The work done on the object is converted into its potential energy at
the highest point of its motion. The potential energy at height his
given by:
Since the work done on the object equals the potential energy, we
have:
100J=0.30kg×9.81m/s2×h.
Solving for h:
So, the object will rise to a height of 33.96 meters.
RAW DATA
APPENDIX

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Laboratory Experiment No.

Work and power are fundamental concepts in physics that play a

To perform the experiment, the following apparatus are needed:

Weighing scales, meter stick, stopwatch

Weight of the body: [ weight = (mass)(gravity)]

I. W = 41kg x 9.81m/s2 = 402.21 N

Work output in walking: [ Work = (Force)(Displacement)]

Work output in running:

Power output in walking:

Power output in running:

Work output in walking: [ Work = (Force)(Displacement)] (STAIRS)

Work output in running (STAIRS)

Power output in walking (STAIRS)

Power output in running (STAIRS)

2. Does the weight of a person affect his power to be able to

3. A pump is to lift 8.5kg of water per minute through a height of 4.0

 m = 8.5kg (mass of water),

Work = 8.5kg × 9.81 m/s2 × 4.0m = 333.24 Joules.

Since this work is done in 60 seconds, the power is:

To convert to horsepower (HP), use the conversion factor 1HP = 746

So, the motor needs an output of 5.56 Watts or about 0.00746

4. How much work can a 2.0 HP motor do in 1.0 hr?

 First, convert horsepower to watts:

2.0HP = 2.0 × 746W = 1492W.

Now, calculate the work done in 1 hour (3600 seconds):

Work = Power × Time = 1492W × 3600s = 5,371,200Joules.

So, the motor can do 5,371,200 Joules of work in 1 hour.

5. How high will a 0.30 kg object go if it was thrown vertically by

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