Cambridge International AS & A Level

* 5 2 5 1 9 9 0 3 8 0 *

PHYSICS 9702/22
Paper 2 AS Level Structured Questions December 2023

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 60.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 20 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (PQ/JG) 303268/2
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Data

acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s–2

speed of light in free space c = 3.00 × 108 m s–1

elementary charge e = 1.60 × 10–19 C

unified atomic mass unit 1u = 1.66 × 10–27 kg

rest mass of proton mp = 1.67 × 10–27 kg

rest mass of electron me = 9.11 × 10–31 kg

Avogadro constant NA = 6.02 × 1023 mol–1

molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1

Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 × 10–23 J K–1

gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10–11 N m2 kg–2

permittivity of free space ε0 = 8.85 × 10–12 F m–1

1 = 8.99 × 109 m F–1)
( 4rf
0

Planck constant h = 6.63 × 10–34 J s

Stefan–Boltzmann constant σ = 5.67 × 10–8 W m–2 K–4

Formulae

= ut + 2 at
1 2
uniformly accelerated motion s
v2 = u 2 + 2as

hydrostatic pressure ∆p = ρg∆h

upthrust F = ρgV

fs v
Doppler effect for sound waves fo = v!v
s

electric current I = Anvq

resistors in series R = R1 + R2 + ...

1 1 1
resistors in parallel = + + ...
R R1 R2

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 BLANK PAGE

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1 A sphere of radius 2.1 mm falls with terminal (constant) velocity through a liquid, as shown in
Fig. 1.1.

sphere,
radius 2.1 mm
weight 7.2 × 10–4 N constant
velocity
downwards

liquid,
density ρ

Fig. 1.1

Three forces act on the moving sphere. The weight of the sphere is 7.2 × 10–4 N and the upthrust
acting on it is 4.8 × 10–4 N. The viscous force FV acting on the sphere is given by

FV = krv

where r is the radius of the sphere, v is its velocity and k is a constant. The value of k in SI units
is 17.

(a) Determine the SI base units of k.

SI base units ...........................................................[2]

(b) Use the value of the upthrust acting on the sphere to calculate the density ρ of the liquid.

ρ = .............................................. kg m–3 [3]

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 (c) (i) On the sphere in Fig. 1.1, draw three arrows to show the directions of the weight W, the
upthrust U and the viscous force FV. Label these arrows W, U and FV respectively. [1]

(ii) Determine the magnitude of the terminal (constant) velocity of the sphere.

velocity = ................................................ m s–1 [2]

[Total: 8]

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2 Water leaves the end of a hose pipe at point P with a horizontal velocity of 6.6 m s–1, as shown in
Fig. 2.1.

hose pipe
P 6.6 m s–1
path of water

Q ground

3.5 m

Fig. 2.1 (not to scale)

Point P is at height h above the ground. The water hits the ground at point Q. The horizontal
distance from P to Q is 3.5 m.

Air resistance is negligible. Assume that the water between P and Q consists of non-interacting
droplets of water and that the only force acting on each droplet is its weight.

(a) Explain, briefly, why the horizontal component of the velocity of a droplet of water remains
constant as it moves from P to Q.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Show that the time taken for a droplet of water to move from P to Q is 0.53 s.

[1]

(c) Calculate height h.

h = ...................................................... m [2]

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 (d) For the movement of a droplet of water from P to Q, state and explain whether the
displacement of the droplet is less than, more than or the same as the distance along its path.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(e) Calculate the magnitude of the displacement of a droplet of water that moves from P to Q.

displacement = ...................................................... m [2]

[Total: 7]

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3 A jet of water hits a vertical wall at right angles, as shown in Fig. 3.1.

horizontal jet
of water, vertical
density 1.0 × 103 kg m–3 wall

water runs
velocity down the wall
cross-sectional area
5.0 m s–1
1.5 × 10–4 m2

Fig. 3.1 (not to scale)

The water hits the vertical wall with a velocity of 5.0 m s–1 in a horizontal direction. The cross-
sectional area of the jet is 1.5 × 10–4 m2. The density of the water is 1.0 × 103 kg m–3.

The water runs down the wall after hitting it.

(a) Show that, over a time of 1.6 s, the mass of water hitting the wall is 1.2 kg.

[2]

(b) Calculate:

(i) the decrease in the horizontal momentum of the mass of water in (a) due to hitting the
wall

decrease in momentum = .................................................... N s [1]

(ii) the magnitude of the horizontal force exerted on the water by the wall.

force = ...................................................... N [1]

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 (c) State and explain the magnitude of the horizontal force exerted on the wall by the water.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) Calculate the pressure exerted on the wall by the water.

pressure = .................................................... Pa [2]

[Total: 7]

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4 A child moves down a long slide, as shown in Fig. 4.1.

X
child
surface of slide

Fig. 4.1 (not to scale)

The child moves from rest at the top end X of the slide. An average resistive force of 76 N opposes
the motion of the child as they move to the lower end Y of the slide. The kinetic energy of the child
at Y is 300 J. The decrease in gravitational potential energy of the child as it moves from X to Y is
3200 J.

(a) Determine the ratio

kinetic energy of the child at Y when the resistive force is 76 N .
kinetic energy of the child at Y if there is no resistive force

ratio = ...........................................................[1]

(b) Use the answer in (a) to calculate the ratio

speed of the child at Y when the resistive force is 76 N .
speed of the child at Y if there is no resistive force

ratio = ...........................................................[2]

(c) Calculate the length of the slide from X to Y.

length = ...................................................... m [2]

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 (d) At end Y of the slide, the child is brought to rest by a board, as shown in Fig. 4.2.

child board spring

surface of
slide

Fig. 4.2 (not to scale)

A spring connects the board to a fixed point. The spring obeys Hooke’s law and has a spring
constant of 63 N m–1. The child hits the board so that it moves to the right and compresses the
spring. The speed of the child becomes zero when the elastic potential energy of the spring
has increased to its maximum value of 140 J.

(i) Calculate the maximum compression of the spring.

maximum compression = ...................................................... m [2]

(ii) Calculate the percentage efficiency of the transfer of the kinetic energy of the child to the
elastic potential energy of the spring.

percentage efficiency = ..................................................... % [1]

(iii) The maximum compression of the spring is x0. On Fig. 4.3, sketch a graph to show the
variation of the elastic potential energy of the spring with its compression x from x = 0 to
x = x0. Numerical values are not required.

elastic potential energy

0
0 x x0

Fig. 4.3
[2]

[Total: 10]
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 5 (a) Define velocity.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) A rock of mass 7.5 kg is projected vertically upwards from the surface of a planet. The rock
leaves the surface of the planet with a speed of 4.0 m s–1 at time t = 0. The variation with
time t of the velocity v of the rock is shown in Fig. 5.1.

4
v / m s–1
3

0
0 1 2 3 4
t/s
–1

–2

–3

Fig. 5.1

Assume that the planet does not have an atmosphere and that the viscous force acting on the
rock is always zero.

(i) Determine the height of the rock above the surface of the planet at time t = 4.0 s.

height = ..................................................... m [3]

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 (ii) Determine the change in the momentum of the rock from time t = 0 to time t = 4.0 s.

change in momentum = ................................................... N s [2]

(iii) Determine the weight W of the rock on this planet.

W = ..................................................... N [2]

(c) In practice, the planet in (b) does have an atmosphere that causes a viscous force to act on
the moving rock.

State and explain the variation, if any, in the resultant force acting on the rock as it moves
vertically upwards.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 10]

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6 (a) State what is meant by the centre of gravity of an object.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) A non-uniform rod XY is pivoted at point P, as shown in Fig. 6.1.

4.00 m

1.70 m

1.10 m

X Y
wire
P

F 44.0 N sphere

3.0 N

Fig. 6.1 (not to scale)

The rod has length 4.00 m and weight 44.0 N. The centre of gravity of the rod is 1.70 m from
end X of the rod. Point P is 1.10 m from end X.

A sphere hangs by a wire from end Y of the rod. The weight of the sphere is 3.0 N. The weight
of the wire is negligible.

A force F is applied vertically downwards at end X so that the horizontal rod is in equilibrium.

(i) By taking moments about P, calculate F.

F = ..................................................... N [3]

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 (ii)
Calculate the force exerted on the rod by the pivot.

force = ..................................................... N [1]

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 (e) The sphere in (b) is now immersed in a liquid in a container, as shown in Fig. 6.2.

P liquid,
density 1100 kg m–3
F 44.0 N
container

Fig. 6.2

The density of the liquid is 1100 kg m–3. The upthrust acting on the sphere due to the liquid is
2.5 N. The magnitude of F is unchanged so that the horizontal rod is not in equilibrium.

(i) Use Archimedes’ principle to determine the radius r of the sphere.

r = ..................................................... m [3]

(ii) Calculate the magnitude and direction of the resultant moment of the forces on the rod
about P.

magnitude of resultant moment = .........................................................N m

direction of resultant moment ...............................................................

[2]

[Total: 10]

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7 (a)

(i) A force F takes time t to move an object through a displacement x at constant velocity v
in the direction of the force. The work done by the force is W.

Use the definition of power to show that the power P transferred by the force is given by

P = Fv.

[2]

(b) A block is pulled up a slope by a wire attached to a motor, as shown in Fig. 3.1.

wire
motor

block

slope

11°
horizontal

Fig. 3.1 (not to scale)

The useful power output of the motor is 56 W. The block has a weight of 430 N and travels
with constant velocity along the slope at an angle of 11° to the horizontal.

Assume that there are no resistive forces opposing the motion of the block.

(i) Calculate the tension T in the wire.

T = ..................................................... N [2]

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 (ii) Calculate the speed of the block.

speed = ................................................ m s–1 [1]

(iii) The rate of increase of gravitational potential energy of the block is equal to the useful
power output of the motor. One of the reasons for this is that there is no work done
against resistive forces.

By considering the motion of the block, state another reason for this.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) The motor has an efficiency of 80%.

Calculate the time taken for an input energy of 1.2 kJ to be supplied to the motor.

time taken = ...................................................... s [2]

[Total: 8]

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