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 Pumping Lemma for Context-Free Languages
The Pumping Lemma for Context-Free Languages (CFL) is a property that all context-free languages
must satisfy. It is often used to prove that a given language is not context-free.
Example: Prove that L = { ww: mid w ∈ {0, 1}* } is not a context-free language (CFL), using Pumping
Lemma for CFLs.
Example: Prove that L={w ∈ {a,b,c}* : Na(w) = Nb(w) = Nc(w) } is not a context-free
language .

Proof:
Example : Show that L={anbncm∣ n, m ≥ 0,n ≠ m} is not CFL using
Pumping Lemma.

Example: Prove that L={aibjck ∣ i = j or j = k } is not Context Free Language

Closure Properties of Context-Free Languages (CFLs)
Context-Free Languages (CFLs) have certain closure properties that define their behavior under
operations like union, intersection, and complementation. Understanding these properties helps
in determining whether a given language formed through operations on CFLs remains context-
free.