Solution

CHAPTERWISE SAMPLE PAPER: ATOMS

Class 12 - Physics
Section A
1.
(b) non stationary
Explanation:
According to the Rutherford model, the electrons inside an atom cannot be stationary. The electrostatic attraction between
electrons and the nucleus gets used up in revolving the electrons around the nucleus.

2.
(d) 0o
Explanation:
0o

3.
(d) 2.1 × 10-34 Js
Explanation:
The electron revolving in the second orbit (n = 2) has an energy equal to -34 eV. Therefore, its angular momentum is
h h
L= 2( ) =
2π π

−34
6.6× 10 Js
=
22/7

= 2.1 × 10-34 Js

4.
(b) 9R
Explanation:
In a hydrogen atom, v n ∝
1

n
and r
n
2
∝ n

Given v n =
1

3
v1
vn 1 1
∴ = = ⇒ n= 3
v1 n 3
r3 2
3
Also r1
=
2
= 9
1

⇒ r3 = 9 r1 =9R

5. (a) 4 → 3
Explanation:
Infrared radiation is emitted when transition occurs from any higher energy level to n = 3, 4 or 5 level.
6.
(b) I
Explanation:
I

7.
4

(d) R = me

2 3
8ϵ h c
0

Explanation:
4
me
R=
2 3
8ϵ h c
0

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 8.
(b) 20

7
λ

Explanation:
For transition 3 → 2
1 1 1 5
= R[ − ] = R
λ 2 2 36
2 3

For transition 4 → 3
1 1 1 7
= R[ − ] = R
′ 2 2 144
λ 3 4
′
λ 5 144 20 ′ 20
∴ = × = ⇒ λ = λ
λ 36 7 7 7

o
9. (a) 1026A
Explanation:
Rydberg formula to generate the Lyman series:
where n = 2,3,4,... and R = 1.097× 107 m-1
1 1 1
= R( − )
λ 2 2
1 n

The wavelengths in Lyman series are all in the UV region i.e. from 121.6 nm to 91.18 nm.
Second line means n = 3, substituting the values of R and n in the above formula, we get the wavelength of the second line as
102.6 nm.
10. (a) -3.4 eV
Explanation:
-3.4eV
∘

11. (a) 4860 A

Explanation:
5R
For the first-line of the Balmer series, 1

λ1
= R[
1

2
−
1

2
] =
16
2 3

For the second-line of the Balmer series,

1 1 1 3R
= R[ − ] =
λ2 2 2 16
2 4
λ2 3R 36 20
∴ = × =
λ1 16 5R 27

∘ ∘

or λ 2
=
20

27
λ1 =
20

27
× 6561 A = 4860 A

12.
(d) n = 6 to n = 2
Explanation:
When an atom makes a transition from higher energy state with quantum number ni to one with lower energy state with
quantum number nf, the difference of energy is emitted in the form of a photon with frequency equal to the difference of
energies of both states. Greater the frequency of photon emitted when the difference between ni and nf increases. Here ni = 6
and nf = 2

13.
(c) -3.02 eV
Explanation:
-3.02 eV

14.
(d) Rutherford’s model
Explanation:
Rutherford concluded that while most of alpha particles experienced a little force, a few of them experienced a strong repulsive
force. This may be possible only if there is extreme dense concentration of positive charge and most of the mass of the atom in
the nucleus of the atom. Hence +ve charge of the atom is not be distributed uniformly through out the sphere.

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15.
(d) r ∝ n2
Explanation:
The radius of nth orbit is given by
2 2
n h
r = 4πε0 .
2 2
4π me

∴ r∝ n2

16. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
17. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
All the wavelength of the Paschen series falls in the Infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
18.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
The maximum number of a photon is given by all the transitions possible = 4C2 = 6
The minimum number of transition =1, that is direct jumps from 44 to 11.

19. (a)

Explanation:

20.
(b) III
Explanation:
I is showing absorption photon. From the rest of three, III having maximum energy from the equation,
1 1
ΔE ∝ ( − )
2 2
n n
1 2

Section B
21. Here, ground state energy, E = -13.6 eV
2

Kinetic energy, E k =
4πε0
1
⋅
e

2r

and Potential energy, E p = −

4πε0
1 e

r
[∵ Ep = −2Ek ]

Total energy, E = Ek + Ep
2 2
1 e 1 e
= ⋅ − ⋅
4πε0 2r 4πε0 r

2
1 1 e
E = − ( ⋅ )
2 4πε0 r

2
1 1 e
−13.6 = − ( ⋅ )
2 4πε0 r

2
1 e
∴ = 27.2
4πε0 r

2
1 e 27.2
∴ Ek = = eV = 13.6eV
4πε0 2r 2

2
1 e
Ep = − ⋅ = −27.2 eV
4πε0 r

22. Here K = 5 MeV = 5 × 1.6 × 10-13 J, θ = 90°, Z = 79

Impact parameter

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 2 θ
kZ e cot
2
b =
K
9 −19 2 ∘
9× 10 ×79× (1.6× 10 ) cot 45
=
−13
5×1.6×10

= 2.27 × 10-14 m
23. By observing question, we can infer following results
i. Layman series is obtained when an electron jumps from the first orbit to any outer orbit.
So, first spectrum represent Lyman series because, in this spectrum, the electron jumps from n = 1 to n = 2.
ii. Balmer series is obtained when an electron jumps from the second orbit to any outer orbit.
So, second spectrum represent Balmer series because, in this spectrum, the electron jumps from n = 2 to n = 3.
iii. Paschen series is obtained when an electron jumps from the third orbit to any outer orbit.
So, third spectrum represent paschen series because, in this spectrum, the electron jumps from n = 3 to n = 4.
24. The Rydberg formula is
4

hc/λn =
me

2 2
(
1

2
−
1

2
) where R is the Rydberg constant.
8εo h n n
f i

The wavelengths of the first four lines in the Lyman series correspond to transitions from ni = 2, 3, 4, 5 to nf = 1. We know that

= 13.6 eV = 21.76 × 10–19 J

4
me

2 2
8εo h

Therefore,
hc
λn =
−19 1 1
21.76× 10 ( − )
1 2
n
i
−34 8 2 2
6.625× 10 ×3× 10 × n 0.9134n
i i −7
= m= × 10 m
−19 2 2
21.76× 10 ×(n −1) (n −1)
i i
∘

= 913.4n 2
i
/ (n
2
i
− 1) A
∘

Substituting ni = 2, 3, 4, 5, we get λ 21 = 1218 A

∘ ∘ ∘

λ 31 = 1028A , λ 41 = 974.3 A ,and λ 51 = 951.4 A .

25. According to de-Broglie hypothesis, wavelength associated with an electron revolving in nth orbit is λ = h

p
=
h

mvn

A circular orbit can be a stationary energy state only if it contains integral number of λ
nh
∴ 2πrn = nλr n = 1,2,3,..... or 2πr n =
mvn

nh
∴ rn =
2πmvn

Section C
26. a. Now, v = c

n
α ,
2

where α = 2πKe

ch
= 0.0073
8
3×10 6
v1 = × 0.0073 = 2.19 × 10 m/s
1
8
3×10 6
v2 = × 0.0073 = 1.095 × 10 m/s
3
8
3×10 5
v3 = × 0.0073 = 7.3 × 10 m/s
3

b. Orbital period, T =
2πr

As r 1 = 0.53 × 10
−10
m
−10
2π×0.53×10 −16
T1 = = 1.52 × 10 s
6
2.19×10

As r2 = 4 r1 and υ 2 =
1

2
υ1

−16 −15
T2 = 8 T1 = 8 × 1.52 × 10 s = 1.216 × 10 s

As r3 = 9r1 and υ 3 =
1

3
υ1

−16 −15
∴ T3 = 27 T1 = 27 × 1.52 × 10 s = 4.1 × 10 s

27. i. An atom has a number of stable orbits in which an electron can reside without the emission of radiant energy. Each orbit
corresponds, to a certain energy level. Bohr’s postulate, for stable orbits, states "The electron, in an atom, revolves around the
h
nucleus only in those orbits for which its angular h momentum is an integral multiple of 2π
(h = Planck's constant),''
[Also accept mvr = n ⋅ h

2π
(n = 1, 2, 3, .....) ........(1)
As per de-Broglie’s hypothesis, λ = h

p
=
h

mv
........(2)
For a stable orbit, we must have a circumference of the orbit = nλ (n = 1, 2, 3, ....)
∴ 2πr = nλ

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 from 1 and 2 equation we get ; L= mvr = nh

2π

Thus de-Broglie showed that formation of stationary pattern for integral 'n' gives rise to the stability of the atom.
This is nothing but the Bohr's postulate.
−E0 E0
ii. Energy in the n = 4 level = 2
= −
16
4

Energy required to take the electron from the ground state, to the
E0
n = 4 level = (− 16
) − (− E0 )

−1+16 15 15
=
16
E0 =
16
E0 = 16
× 13.6 × 1.6 × 10
−19
J

Let the frequency of the photon be v, we have

15 −19
hν = × 13.6 × 1.6 × 10
16
−19

ν =
15×13.6×1.6×10

−34
Hz
16×6.63×10

= 3.1 × 1015 Hz (Also accept 3 × 1015 Hz)

28. a. The quantised electron orbits and energy state are due to wave nature of the electron and only resonant standing waves can
persist. Ace. De Broglie Apotheosis.
2πr = nλ
nh
=
mv

nh
mvr = ( )
2π

b. Lyman series
transition from n = 4 to n = 1 will have shortest wavelength.
OR

as 1

λ
= R(
1

2
−
1

2
)
n n
1 2

1 1 1 15R
= R( − ) =
λmin 2 2 16
1 4

16 16
λmin = =
15R 7
15×1.09×10

= 0.978 × 10-7 m
= 97.8 nm
29. a. Orbital Period of an electron in the hydrogen atom
... (eqn 1)
2πrn
T =
vn

From Bohr's postulates

nh
mv n rn =
2π
2
2
n h ε0
We have r n =
2
πme

and velocity of the electron in nth orbital

2
e
Vn =
2ε0 nh

On substituting the values of rn and vn in equation (1) we have

2 2
4n h ε0
T =
4
me

b. Rydberg's formula for wavelengths of the spectral lines

1 1 1
= R( − )
λ 2 2
n1 n2

Hα belongs to the Balmer series.

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30. The trajectory, traced by the α -particles in the Coulomb field of target nucleus, has the form shown below.

The size of the nucleus was estimated by observing the distance (d) of closest approach, of the α -particles. This distance is given
by:
(Z e)(2e)
1

4πε0
⋅
d
=K
where K = kinetic energy of the α -particles when they are far away from the target nuclei.
OR
According to Bohr's postulates, in a hydrogen atom, a single electron revolves around a nucleus of charge +e. For an electron
moving with a uniform speed in a circular orbit of a given radius, the centripetal force is provided by Coulomb force of attraction
between the electron and the nucleus. The gravitational attraction may be neglected as the mass of electron and proton is very
small. So,
mv2/r = ke2/r2 ( where, k = 1/4πε ) 0

or mv2 = ke2/r.............(i)
where, m = mass of electron, r = radius of electronic orbit, v = velocity of electron
Again, by Bohr's second postulates
mvr = nh/2π
where, n = 1, 2, 3, ... or v = nh/2π mr
Putting the value of v in Eq. (i)
2
2 2 2

m(
nh

2πmr
) =
ke

r
⇒ r =
n h

2 2
....(ii)
4π km e

Kinetic energy of electron ,

2 2 2
1 2 ke mv ke
EK = mv = (∵ = )
2 2r r 2
r

Using Eq(ii), we get

2 2 2 2 2 4
ke 4π km e 2π k me
EK = =
2 2 2 2 2
n h n h

Potential energy of electron,

k(e)×(e) 2
ke
EP = − = −
r r

Using Eq(ii), we get

2 2 2 2 4
2 4π km e 4π k me
EP = −ke × = −
2 2 2 2
n h n h

Hence, total energy of the electron in the nth orbit

2 2 4 2 2 4
4π k me 2π k me
E = EP + EK = − +
2 2 2 2
n h n h
2 2 4
2π k me
= −
2 2
n h

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