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rDNA

Biology

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13 views

rDNA

Biology

Uploaded by

papiladka100
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2 Marks

1. A plasmid DNA and a linear DNA (both are of the same size) have one site for a restriction
endonuclease. When cut and separated on agarose gel electrophoresis, plasmid shows
one DNA band, while the linear DNA shows two fragments. Explain.

2. In the year 1963, two enzymes responsible for restricting the growth of bacteriophage in
E.coli were isolated. How did the enzymes act to restrict the growth of the bacteriophage?

3. Why do prokaryotes (bacteria) have restriction enzymes but not eukaryotes?

4. (a) Why is a restriction enzyme so called?

(b) Give any two examples of restriction enzymes.

5. 5'-GAATT C-3'

3'-C TTAA G-5'

(a) Name the restriction enzyme that recognises the given specific sequence of bases.
What are such sequence of bases referred to as?

(b) What are the arrows in the given figure indicating? Write the result obtained thereafter.
[CBSE 2024]

6. (a) State the principle involved in the separation of DNA fragments using gel
electrophoresis.

(b) How are DNA fragments visualised once they are separated by gel electrophoresis?
[Delhi 2023]

7. "DNA cannot pass through cell membrane of bacteria." Why? How is a bacterial cell
made competent to take up foreign DNA?

8. A recombinant DNA molecule was created by ligating a gene to a plasmid vector. By


mistake, an exonuclease was added to the tube containing the recombinant DNA. How
does this affect the next step in the experiment, i.e. bacterial transformation?

9. Write how can alien DNA be introduced into:

(a) an animal cell

(b) a plant cell


10. Give TWO reasons why it is important to introduce the gene/s of interest in a vector and
then into the host cell or insert it directly into the host chromosomal genome.

11. (a) Why is the enzyme cellulase needed for isolating genetic material from plant cells
and not from animal cells?

(b) Write the names of the enzymes that are used for isolation of DNA from bacterial and
fungal cells, respectively for recombinant DNA technology.

12. How is DNA isolated in purified form from a bacterial cell?

13. While carrying out a PCR, 'denaturation' step was missed. What will be its effect on the
process.

14. How is a continuous culture system maintained in bioreactors and why?

3 Marks

1. a) Why was a bacterium used in the first instance of the construction of an artificial
recombinant DNA molecule?

(b) Explain giving reasons, why an alien piece of DNA needs to be integrated to a specific
sequence of host DNA for its cloning.

2. Write by taking a suitable example, the convention followed for naming the restriction
enzymes.

3. Describe a palindrome with the help of an example.

4. Insulin is commonly prepared in bio-processing units for patients suffering from insulin-
dependent diabetes. Explain THREE steps that would be a part of the downstream
processing for insulin.

5. Write the steps you would suggest to be undertaken to obtain a foreign gene product.

6. A cell free method of amplifying DNA first developed in the mid 1980's revolutionized the
field of biotechnology. Name the method and explain the basic steps of the technique
involved.

7. Describe the roles of (a) high temperature, (b) primers and (c) bacterium, Thermus
aquaticus in carrying the process of Polymerase Chain Reaction.

8. (a) Why is Taq polymerase used instead of ordinary DNA polymerase in polymerase chain
reaction (PCR)? Name the source organism of Taq polymerase.

(b) What is PCR used for?


9.State whether each of these statements given below is/are true or false. Justify your
answer.

(a) Plasmids with a single restriction site are preferred over those with multiple sites for the
same enzyme during the cloning process.

(b) The tumour-inducing (Ti) plasmid can be extracted from Agrobacterium tumifaciens
cells and used as it is for cloning a foreign gene.

10. Name any two natural cloning vectors. Give reasons that make them act as cloning
vectors. Write the two characteristics, the engineered vectors are made to possess.

11. (a) State the role of selectable marker in DNA technology.

(b) Name one such selectable marker, which is considered to be useful for E.coli.

(c) Give one reason, why it is considered to be a useful marker.

12. What are 'cloning sites' in a cloning vector? Explain their role. Name any two restriction
sites in pBR322.

13. In an E. coli cloning vector pBR322, state the role of the following genes:

(a) ori gene

(b) Antibiotic-resistance gene

(c) rop gene

14. How does ẞ-galactosidase coding sequence act as a selectable marker? Why is it a
preferred selectable marker to antibiotic-resistance genes? Explain.

(a) Write the mechanism that enables Agrobacterium tumefaciens to develop tumors in
their host dicot plants.

(b) State how Agrobacterium tumefaciens and retroviruses have been modified as useful
cloning vectors.

15. Name any three techniques used for introducing an alien DNA into a host cell and
mention how.

5 marks

1. Explain how an antibiotic-resistance gene in a cloning vector (plasmid pBR322) help in


selecting the recombinants from the non- recombinants.

2. Answer the following questions with respect to recombinant DNA technology:


(a) Why is plasmid considered to be an important tool in rDNA technology? From where
can plasmids be isolated? (Any two sources)

(b) Explain the role of 'ori' and selectable marker in a cloning vector.

(c) "rDNA technology cannot proceed without restriction endonuclease." Justify.

3. Bioreactors are the containment vehicles of any biotechnology-based production


process. For large scale production and for economic reasons the final success of
biotechnological process depends on the efficiency of the bioreactor.

Answer the following questions w.r.t. the given paragraph:

(a) List the operational guidelines that must be adhered to so as to achieve optimisation of
the bioreactor system. Enlist any four.

(b) Mention the phase of the growth we refer to in the statement "Optimisation of growth
and metabolic activity of the cells".

(c) Is the biological product formed in the bioreactor suitable for the intended use
immediate? Give reason in support of your answer.

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