DV_Lab_Manual_BCS358D.docx[1]

CMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru
Department of Computer Science and Technology

LAB MANUAL, III SEMESTER, 2022 SCHEME
BCS358D - Data Visualization with Python
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Lab Manual
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Data Visualization with Python
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Semester III
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Course Code BCS358D
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Teaching Hours/Week - 2
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CIE Marks 50
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SEE Marks 50
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Credits 01
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Exam Hours 100

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(Applicable for 3rd Sem CSE)

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1 | Page CMRIT, Department of CSE

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Course Objectives (Defined by the university):
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CLO 1. Demonstrate the use of IDLE or PyCharm IDE to create Python Applications
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CLO 2. Using Python programming language to develop programs for solving real-world problems
CLO 3. Implementation of matplotlib for drawing different Plots
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CLO 4. Demonstrate working with Seaborn, and Bokeh.
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CLO 5. Working with Plotly for 3D, Time Series, and Maps.
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Note: A two-hour tutorial is suggested for each laboratory session.
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Pedagogy: For the above experiments the following pedagogy can be considered. Problem-based
learning, Active learning, MOOC, Chalk &Talk
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PART A – List of problems for which students should develop programs and execute in the
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Laboratory.
Course outcomes (Course Skill Set):
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At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
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CO 1. Demonstrate the use of IDLE or PyCharm IDE to create Python Applications

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CO 2. Use Python programming constructs to develop programs for solving real-world problems
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CO 3. Use Matplotlib for drawing different Plots

CO 4. Demonstrate working with Seaborn, Bokeh for visualization.
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CO 5. Use Plotly for drawing Time Series and Maps.

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List of Problems/Experiments
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Experiments
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PART A – List of problems for which students should develop the program and execute it in the
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laboratory
1 a) Write a Python program to find the best of two test average marks out of three test marks accepted
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by the user.
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b) Develop a Python program to check whether a given number is palindrome or not and also count
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the number of occurrences of each digit in the input number.
Datatypes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gCCVsvgR2KU
Operators: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v5MR5JnKcZI
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Flow Control: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PqFKRqpHrjw
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For loop: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ZvaDa8eT5s
While loop: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HZARImviDxg
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Exceptions: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SPDvPK38tw
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2 a) Defined as a function F as Fn = Fn-1 + Fn-2. Write a Python program which accepts a value for N
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(where N >0) as input and pass this value to the function. Display a suitable error message if the
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condition for input value is not followed.

b) Develop a Python program to convert binary to decimal, and octal to hexadecimal using functions.
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Functions:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BVfCWuca9nw
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Arguments:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ijXMGpoMkhQ
Return value: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nuNXiEDnM44
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3 a) Write a Python program that accepts a sentence and finds the number of words, digits, uppercase
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letters and lowercase letters.

b) Write a Python program to find the string similarity between two given strings.
Sample Output: Sample Output:
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Original string: Original string:

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Python Exercises Python Exercises

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Python Exercises Python Exercise

Similarity between two said strings: 1.0 Similarity between two said strings:0.967741935483871
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Strings: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lSItwlnF0eU
String functions: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9a3CxJyTq00
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4 a) Write a Python program to Demonstrate how to Draw a Bar Plot using Matplotlib.
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b) Write a Python program to Demonstrate how to Draw a Scatter Plot using Matplotlib.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RRHQ6Fs1b8w&list=PLjVLYmrlmjGcC0B_FP3bkJ-JIPkV5Gu
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ABCuhWO9II&list=PLjVLYmrlmjGcC0B_FP3bkJ-JIPkV5Gu
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5 a) Write a Python program to Demonstrate how to Draw a Histogram Plot using Matplotlib.
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b) Write a Python program to Demonstrate how to Draw a Pie Chart using Matplotlib.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qk7caotaQUQ&list=PLjVLYmrlmjGcC0B_FP3bkJ-JIPkV5GuZ
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PSji21jUNO0&list=PLjVLYmrlmjGcC0B_FP3bkJ-JIPkV5GuZ
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6 a) Write a Python program to illustrate Linear Plotting using Matplotlib
b) Line Plot Illustration with Matplotlib.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UO98lJQ3QGI&list=PL-osiE80TeTvipOqomVEeZ1HRrcEvtZB
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7 Write a Python program that explains the uses of customizing seaborn plots with Aesthetic functions.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6GUZXDef2U0
8 a) Write a Python program to explain working with a bokeh line graph using Annotations and
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Legends.
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b) Write a Python program for plotting different types of plots using Bokeh.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HDvxYoRadcA
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Write a Python program to draw 3D Plots using Plotly Libraries.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCck7hCanpw&list=PLE50-dh6JzC4onX-qkv9H3HtPbBVA8M
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10 a) Write a Python program to draw Time Series using Plotly Libraries.

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b) Write a Python program for creating Maps using Plotly Libraries.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xnJ2TNrGYik&list=PLE50-dh6JzC4onX-qkv9H3HtPbBVA8M9
4&index=5
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D35m2CdMhVs&list=PLE50-dh6JzC4onX-qkv9H3HtPbBVA8
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Title 1(a): Best Test Average Calculator
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Problem Statement: Write a Python program to find the best of two test average marks out of
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three test’s marks accepted from the user.
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Algorithm:
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1. Define a function calculate_average(scores) which takes a list of scores and returns their
average.
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2. Prompt the user to input the score for test1, test2, and test3.
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3. Calculate the average of test1 and test2 using the calculate_average function and store it
in average1.
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4. Calculate the average of test2 and test3 using the calculate_average function and store it
in average2.
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5. Compare the averages:
6. If average1 is greater than average2, print the message indicating that the best average is
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from tests 1 and 2.
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7. If average1 is less than average2, print the message indicating that the best average is
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from tests 2 and 3.
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8. If both averages are equal, print the message indicating that the averages are equal.
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9. End of algorithm.
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Code:
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m1 = int(input("Enter marks for test1 : "))

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if m1 <= m2 and m1 <= m3:

avgMarks = (m2+m3)/2
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elif m2 <= m1 and m2 <= m3:

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elif m3 <= m1 and m2 <= m2:
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print("Average of best two test marks out of three test’s marks is", avgMarks);
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Results:
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Enter marks for test1: 45

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Average of best two test marks out of three test’s marks is 46.5
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Learning Outcomes:
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Students will acquire proficiency in calculating and comparing averages of test scores, gaining a
practical understanding of data analysis techniques.
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Title 1(b): Palindrome Number Checking
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Problem Statement: Develop a Python program to check whether a given number is palindrome
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or not and also count the number of occurrences of each digit in the input number.
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Algorithm:
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1. Define a function is_palindrome(num):
2. This function checks if a given number num is a palindrome.
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3. It does this by converting the number to a string, and then comparing it with its reverse.
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4. Define a function count_occurrences(num):
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1) This function counts the occurrences of each digit in a given number num.
2) It initializes a list called digit_count with 10 elements, all set to 0 (to count
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occurrences of digits 0-9).
5. Inside count_occurrences:
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6. Convert the input number num to a string to iterate through its digits.
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7. For each digit in the string representation of num:
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3) Convert the digit back to an integer and use it as an index to update the
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corresponding element in digit_count.
4) After processing all digits, return the digit_count list which now contains the
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counts of each digit.

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8. In the main program:

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9. Prompt the user to enter a number using the input() function.

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10. Convert the user's input to an integer.

11. Check if the entered number is a palindrome using the is_palindrome function:
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12. If it is a palindrome, print a message indicating so.

13. If it is not a palindrome, print a message indicating that it's not.
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14. Call the count_occurrences function with the entered number to get the list of digit
occurrences.
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15. Iterate through the digit_count list:

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5) For each index (representing a digit), if the count is greater than 0:

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6) Print a message indicating how many times that digit occurs.

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Code:
val = int(input("Enter a value : "))
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str_val = str(val)
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if str_val == str_val[::-1]:
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print("Palindrome")
else:

print("Not Palindrome")
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for i in range(10):
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if str_val.count(str(i)) > 0:
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print(str(i),"appears", str_val.count(str(i)), "times");
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Result:
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Enter a value: 1234234
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Not Palindrome
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1 appears 1 times
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2 appears 2 times
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3 appears 2 times
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4 appears 2 times
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Enter a value: 12321
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Palindrome
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1 appears 2 times
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2 appears 2 times
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3 appears 1 times
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Learning Outcomes:
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Students will demonstrate a deep understanding of fundamental concepts and principles within
the specified subject area. Students will apply critical thinking and problem-solving skills to
analyze, evaluate, and solve complex problems related to the subject matter.
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Title 2(a): Fibonacci Sequence Generator with Error Handling
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Problem Statement: Defined as a function F as Fn = Fn-1 + Fn-2. Write a Python program that
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accepts a value for N (where N >0) as input and passes this value to the function. Display a
suitable error message if the condition for input value is not followed.
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Algorithm:
1. Define a recursive function F(n) to calculate the Fibonacci sequence.
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2. If n is less than or equal to 0, raise a ValueError with the message "Input value should be
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greater than 0."
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3. If n is 1, return 0.
4. If n is 2, return 1.
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5. Otherwise, recursively call F(n-1) + F(n-2).
6. Implement a try block:
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7. Inside the try block:
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a. Prompt the user to enter a value for N (where N > 0) using the input() function.
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b. Convert the input to an integer and store it in the variable N.
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8. Call the function F(N) with the user-provided value N.
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9. If successful, store the result in the variable result.

10. Print the Fibonacci value for F(N).
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11. Implement an except block to handle a ValueError:

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a. If a ValueError is raised (if N is less than or equal to 0), catch the exception and
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print the error message.

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Code:
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def fn(n):
if n == 1:
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return 0
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elif n == 2:
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return 1
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else:
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return fn(n-1) + fn(n-2)

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num = int(input("Enter a number : "))

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if num > 0:
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print("fn(", num, ") = ",fn(num) , sep ="")
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else:
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print("Error in input")
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Result:
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Enter a number : 5
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fn(5) = 3
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Enter a number : -5
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Error in input
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Learning Outcome:
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Students will demonstrate proficiency in applying advanced problem-solving techniques within
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the specified subject area. Students will critically analyze complex concepts and communicate
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their understanding effectively through written and oral presentations.
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Title 2(b):Binary-to-Decimal and Octal-to-Hexadecimal Converter
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Problem Statement: Develop a Python program to convert binary to decimal, and octal to
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hexadecimal using functions.
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Algorithm:
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1. Define a function binary_to_decimal(binary):
a. Initialize a variable decimal to 0.
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b. Iterate through each digit in the binary string.
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c. For each digit, multiply decimal by 2 and add the integer value of the digit.
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d. Return the resulting decimal value.
2. Define a function octal_to_hexadecimal(octal):
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a. Convert the octal input to a decimal integer using int(octal, 8).
b. Convert the decimal integer to a hexadecimal string, remove the '0x' prefix, and
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convert to uppercase using hex(decimal)[2:].upper().
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c. Return the resulting hexadecimal string.
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3. Get user input for the conversion type using input().
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4. Convert the user's input to uppercase.
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5. Use an if-elif-else structure to perform the desired conversion:

a. If conversion_type is 'B':
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i. Prompt the user to enter a binary number using input().

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ii. Call the binary_to_decimal function and store the result in decimal_result.
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iii. Print the decimal equivalent.

b. If conversion_type is 'O':
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i. Prompt the user to enter an octal number using input().

ii. Call the octal_to_hexadecimal function and store the result in
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hexadecimal_result.
iii. Print the hexadecimal equivalent.
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6. If the input is neither 'B' nor 'O', print an error message.

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Code:
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def bin_to_dec():
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bin=int(input("Enter a binary number : "))

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dec=0
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i=0
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while bin!=0:
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dec+=(bin%10)*(2**i)

i+=1
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bin//=10
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print("Decimal Equivalent is : ",dec)
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def oct_to_hex():
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oct=int(input("Enter an octal number : "))
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dec=0
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i=0
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while oct!=0:
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dec+=(oct%10)*(8**i)
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i+=1
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oct//=10
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hex =""
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while dec!=0:
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rem=dec%16
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if rem<10:
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hex+=str(rem)
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else:
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hex+= chr(ord('A')+rem-10)
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dec//=16
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hex=hex[::-1]
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print("Hexadecimal Equivalent is : ", hex)

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print("BINARY TO DECIMAL CONVERSION")

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bin_to_dec()
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print("\n\nOCTAL TO HEXADECIMAL CONVERSION")

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oct_to_hex()
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Result:
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Learning Outcome:
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Students will demonstrate proficiency in converting between different number systems, including
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binary-to-decimal and octal-to-hexadecimal, using Python programming. Students will apply
critical thinking and problem-solving skills to design and implement efficient conversion
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functions, enhancing their computational proficiency.
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Title 3(a): Sentence Analyzer: Words, Digits, Uppercase, and Lowercase Counter
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Problem Statement: Write a Python program that accepts a sentence and find the number of
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words, digits, uppercase letters and lowercase letters.
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Algorithm:
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1. Define a function named analyze_sentence that takes a sentence as input.
2. Create variables to store counts for words, digits, uppercase letters, and lowercase letters.
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Initialize all counters to 0.
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3. Use the split() method to split the sentence into a list of words. Store it in a variable like
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words.
4. Calculate the number of words by finding the length of the words list.
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5. Iterate through each character in the sentence.
6. Check for Digits, Uppercase, and Lowercase Letters:
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a. For each character:
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i. Check if it is a digit using isdigit(). If true, increment the digit counter.
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ii. Check if it is an uppercase letter using isupper(). If true, increment the
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uppercase counter.
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iii. Check if it is a lowercase letter using islower(). If true, increment the

lowercase counter.
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7. Return the counts for words, digits, uppercase letters, and lowercase letters.
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8. Prompt the user to enter a sentence using input().

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9. Call the analyze_sentence function with the user-provided sentence as an argument. Store
the results in variables.
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10. Print the results to the console, indicating the number of words, digits, uppercase letters,
and lowercase letters in the sentence.
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11. The program execution is complete.

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Code:
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sentence = input("Enter a sentence: ")

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words = digits = upper = lower = 0

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# Splitting the sentence using split() method , by default split is by spaces

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# Return value - list of strings

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split_sentence = sentence.split()
print("The result of split() on input sentence is : \n"+str(split_sentence)+"\n")

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words = len(split_sentence )
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for c in sentence:
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if c.isdigit():
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digits = digits + 1
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elif c.isupper():
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upper = upper + 1
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elif c.islower():
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lower = lower + 1
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print ("No of Words: ", words)
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print ("No of Digits: ", digits)
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print ("No of Uppercase letters: ", upper)
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print ("No of Lowercase letters: ", lower)
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Result:
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Enter a sentence: Rama went to Devaraja market to pick 2 kgs of vegetable

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The result of split() on input sentence is :

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['Rama', 'went', 'to', 'Devaraja', 'market', 'to', 'pick', '2', 'kgs', 'of', 'vegetable']
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No of Words: 11
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No of Digits: 1
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No of Uppercase letters: 2
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No of Lowercase letters: 42
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Learning Outcome:
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Develop proficiency in using Python to analyze and manipulate textual data, demonstrating skills
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in string manipulation and iteration. Apply critical thinking to design and implement a program
that counts words, digits, uppercase letters, and lowercase letters, enhancing their ability to
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process and analyze textual information.

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Title 3(b): String Similarity Checker
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Problem Statement: Write a Python program to find the string similarity between two given
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strings
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Algorithm:
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1. Define a function (e.g., string_similarity) that takes two strings as input.
2. Choose a similarity metric (e.g., Levenshtein distance, Jaccard similarity, etc.) based on
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the specific requirements.
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3. Inside the function, use the chosen similarity metric to calculate the similarity score
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between the two strings.
4. Return the computed similarity score.
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5. Prompt the user to enter the two strings.
6. Call the function string_similarity with the user-provided strings as arguments.
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7. Print or display the similarity score between the two strings.
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8. The program execution is complete. io
Code:
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str1 = input("Enter String 1 \n")

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str2 = input("Enter String 2 \n")

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if len(str2) < len(str1):

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short = len(str2)
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long = len(str1)
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else:
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short = len(str1)
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long = len(str2)
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matchCnt = 0
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for i in range(short):
if str1[i] == str2[i]:
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matchCnt += 1
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print("Similarity between two said strings:")

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print(matchCnt/long)

Result:
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Enter String 1
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Python Exercises
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Enter String 2
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Python Exercises
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Similarity between two said strings:
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1.0
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Enter String 1
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Python Exercises
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Enter String 2
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Python Exercise
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Similarity between two said strings: 0.9375
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Learning Outcome:
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Apply a chosen string similarity metric (e.g., Levenshtein distance, Jaccard similarity) to
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quantitatively measure the similarity between two given strings. Develop proficiency in using
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Python to implement and utilize string similarity algorithms, enhancing their ability to analyze
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and compare textual data effectively.

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Title 4(a): Matplotlib Bar Plot Demonstration
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Problem Statement: Write a Python program to Demonstrate how to Draw a Bar Plot using
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Matplotlib.
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Algorithm:
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1. Import the necessary module from Matplotlib to create plots.
2. Define the data you want to plot (e.g., categories and values).
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3. Use plt.bar() to create a bar plot.
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4. Provide the categories and corresponding values as arguments.
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5. Optionally, specify the colors for the bars.
6. Use plt.title() to set a title for the plot.
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7. Use plt.xlabel() and plt.ylabel() to label the x and y axes, respectively.
8. Use plt.show() to display the plot.
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Dataset: Cars.csv is used.
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Code:
# Import the necessary modules

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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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import pandas as pd
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# Initialize the lists for X and Y
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data = pd.read_csv("Car_Barplot.csv")
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df = pd.DataFrame(data)
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X = list(df.iloc[:, 0])
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Y = list(df.iloc[:, 1])
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# Plot the data using bar() method
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plt.bar(X, Y, color='g')
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plt.title("Used Car Sales")
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plt.xlabel("Car")
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plt.ylabel("Number Sold")
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# Show the plot

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plt.show()
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Result:
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Learning Outcome:
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Demonstrate proficiency in using Matplotlib, a popular Python library, to create visualizations
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such as bar plots. Apply knowledge of data visualization techniques to represent categorical data
effectively, enhancing their ability to communicate insights from datasets.
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Title 4(b): Matplotlib Scatter Plot Demonstration
Problem Statement: Write a Python program to Demonstrate how to Draw a Scatter Plot using
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Matplotlib.
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Algorithm:
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1. Import the necessary module from Matplotlib to create plots.
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2. Define the x and y coordinates for the data points.
3. Use plt.scatter() to create a scatter plot.
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4. Provide the x and y coordinates as arguments.
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5. Optionally, specify the color and label for the points.
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8. If applicable, use plt.legend() to add a legend to the plot.

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9. Use plt.show() to display the scatter plot.

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Code:
# import the necessary libraries
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import pandas as pd
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import numpy as np
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# Importing data.
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cars_data = pd.read_csv("Toyota.csv")
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# Create scatter plot using two variables, Age and Price.

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plt.scatter(cars_data['Age'],cars_data['Price'],c='blue')
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# To set the title

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plt.title('Scatter plot of Price vs Age of the Cars')

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# To set the x and y axis labels.

plt.xlabel('Age (months)')

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plt.ylabel('Price (Euros)')
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# To show the scatter plot
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plt.show()
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Result:
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Learning Outcome:
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Apply their knowledge of Matplotlib to create effective visualizations, specifically scatter plots,
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for representing and analyzing data. Gain proficiency in conveying relationships between
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variables through graphical representations, enhancing their data visualization skills.

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Title 5(a): Matplotlib Histogram Plot Demonstration
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ProblemStatement: Write a Python program to Demonstrate how to Draw a Histogram Plot
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using Matplotlib.
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Algorithm:
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1. Import matplotlib. pyplot as plt for plotting.
2. Optionally, import numpy as np for generating example data.
on
3. Generate or obtain the dataset that you want to visualize with a histogram.
th
4. Use plt.hist() to create a histogram.
Py
5. Provide the data as the first argument.
6. Specify the number of bins using the bins parameter. This determines the number of
ith
intervals.
7. Optionally, specify the color and edge color for the bars.
w
n
io
10. Use plt.show() to display the histogram plot.
at
iz
Code:
al

su
Vi
import numpy as np
# Generate random data for the histogram
a
at
data = np.random.randn(50) # Example data

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# Create a histogram plot

D
plt.hist(data, bins=5, color='green', edgecolor='black')

58
# Add title and labels

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plt.title('Histogram Plot Example')

BC
plt.xlabel('Values')
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plt.ylabel('Frequency')
R
# Display the plot

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plt.show()
C
Result:

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ua
an
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b
La
on
th
Py
ith
w
n
io
at
iz
al
Learning Outcome:
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Demonstrate proficiency in using Matplotlib to create effective visualizations, specifically

Vi
histogram plots, for analyzing and representing data distributions. Apply knowledge of
histogram parameters (e.g., number of bins) to appropriately visualize different types of datasets,
a
at
enhancing their data visualization skills.

-D
D
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IT
R
M
C

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Title 5(b): Matplotlib Pie Chart Demonstration
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Problem Statement: Write a Python program to Demonstrate how to Draw a Pie Chart using
M
Matplotlib.
b
Algorithm:
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1. Import matplotlib.pyplot as plt for plotting.
2. Define the categories (labels), sizes (proportions), and colors for the pie chart.
on
3. Use plt.pie() to create a pie chart.
th
4. Provide sizes as input for the proportions of each category.
Py
5. Specify labels for the category labels.
6. Use autopct to display percentages on the chart.
ith
7. Use startangle to set the initial angle of the pie chart.
8. Use plt.axis('equal') to ensure that the pie chart is drawn as a circle.
w
9. Use plt.title() to set a title for the pie chart.
n
10. Use plt.show() to display the pie chart. io
at
Code:
iz
al

su
# Data
Vi
categories = ['Category A', 'Category B', 'Category C', 'Category D']

a
sizes = [30, 20, 25, 25]

at
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colors = ['blue', 'green', 'red', 'purple']

# Create a pie chart
D
plt.pie(sizes, labels=categories, colors=colors, autopct='%1.1f%%', startangle=140)

58
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# Equal aspect ratio ensures that pie is drawn as a circle.

BC
plt.axis('equal')
# Add title
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plt.title('Pie Chart Example')

R
# Display the plot

M
C
plt.show()

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ua
an
M
b
La
on
th
Py
ith
w
n
io
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Learning Outcome:
iz
Demonstrate proficiency in using Matplotlib to create effective visualizations, specifically pie

al
charts, for representing categorical data in a clear and concise manner. Apply knowledge of pie
su
chart parameters (e.g., labels, colors, percentages) to effectively convey proportions and
Vi
distributions, enhancing their data visualization skills.

a
at
-D
D
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BC
IT
R
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C

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ua
Title 6(a): Matplotlib Linear Plot Illustration
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Problem Statement: Write a Python program to illustrate Linear Plotting using Matplotlib.
M
Algorithm:
b
1. Import matplotlib.pyplot as plt for plotting.
La
2. Define the x and y coordinates for the linear plot.
3. Use plt.plot() to create a linear plot.
on
4. Provide the x and y coordinates as arguments.
th
Py
7. Use plt.show() to display the linear plot.
ith
w
Code:
n
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt io
def linear_plot():
at
iz
# Sample data
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x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
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y = [3, 7, 9, 11, 14]

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# Plotting the data

a
at
plt.plot(x, y, label='Linear Function: y = 2x')

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# Adding labels and title

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plt.xlabel('X-axis')
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plt.ylabel('Y-axis')
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plt.title('Linear Plot Example')

BC
plt.legend()
plt.show()
IT
# Call the function to generate the plot

R
M
linear_plot()
C

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ua
Result:
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M
b
La
on
th
Py
ith
w
n
io
at
iz
al
Learning Outcome:
su
Vi
Demonstrate proficiency in utilizing Matplotlib to create effective linear plots, enabling visual
representation of relationships between variables. Apply knowledge of plot customization and
a
labeling to effectively communicate data trends and insights through graphical representation.
at
-D
D
58
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BC
IT
R
M
C

l
ua
Title 6(b): Line Plot Illustration with Matplotlib
an
Problem Statement: Write a Python program to illustrate liner plotting with line formatting
M
using Matplotlib.
b
Algorithm:
La
1. Define lists x and y containing the data points.
2. Use plt.plot(x, y, marker='o', linestyle='-', color='b', label='Line Plot'):
on
3. x and y: Data points for the plot.
th
4. marker='o': Circular markers.
Py
5. linestyle='-': Solid line style.
6. color='b': Blue color for the line.
ith
7. label='Line Plot':
8. Use plt.xlabel('X-axis') and plt.ylabel('Y-axis') to label the x and y axes.
w
9. Use plt.title('Linear Plot with Line Formatting') to set the title of the plot.
n
10. Use plt.legend() to include a legend based on the label provided in plt.plot().
io
11. Use plt.show() to display the plot.
at
iz
Code:
al

su
Vi
def formatted_linear_plot():
# Sample data
a
at
x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
-D
y = [3, 7, 9, 11, 14, 18]

D
plt.plot(x, y, marker='o', linestyle='-', color='b', label='Linear Function: y = 2x')

58
# Adding labels and title

S3
plt.xlabel('X-axis')
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plt.ylabel('Y-axis')
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plt.title('Formatted Linear Plot Example')

R
plt.legend()
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plt.grid(True) # Add a grid for better readability

C
plt.show()
# Call the function to generate the formatted linear plot

formatted_linear_plot()
l
ua
Result:
an
M
b
La
on
th
Py
ith
w
n
io
at
iz
al
su
Learning Outcome:
Vi
Gain proficiency in creating customized linear plots using Matplotlib, understanding key
parameters like markers, line styles, and colors for effective data visualization. Develop the
a
at
ability to label axes, add titles, and include legends, enhancing the clarity and interpretability of
generated plots for analytical purposes.
-D
D
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BC
IT
R
M
C

l
ua
Title 7: Customizing Scatter Plots with Seaborn Aesthetic Functions
an
Problem Statement: Write a Python program which explains uses of customizing seaborn plots
M
with Aesthetic functions.
b
Algorithm:
La
1. Import seaborn as sns for creating the scatter plot using Seaborn.
2. Import matplotlib.pyplot as plt for additional customization.
on
3. Load a sample dataset (in this case, "tips") using sns.load_dataset("tips").
th
4. Use sns.scatterplot(x="total_bill", y="tip", data=tips) to generate a scatter plot with
Py
total_bill on the x-axis and tip on the y-axis.
5. Use sns.set_style("whitegrid") to set the style of the plot (options include "darkgrid",
ith
"whitegrid", "dark", "white", and "ticks").
6. Customize Plot Labels and Title:
w
7. Set the title with plt.title("Scatter Plot with Seaborn").
n
8. Label the x-axis with plt.xlabel("Total Bill ($)").
io
9. Label the y-axis with plt.ylabel("Tip ($)").
at
10. Use plt.show() to display the scatter plot.
iz
Code:
al
import seaborn as sns

su
Vi

# Load sample data
a
at
tips = sns.load_dataset("tips")
-D
# Create a scatter plot with Seaborn

D
sns.scatterplot(x="total_bill", y="tip", data=tips)

58
# Customize the plot using aesthetic functions

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sns.set_style("whitegrid") # Set the style to whitegrid

BC
plt.title("Scatter Plot with Seaborn")

IT
plt.xlabel("Total Bill ($)")

R
plt.ylabel("Tip ($)")
M
# Show the plot

C
plt.show()

Result:
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ua
an
M
b
La
on
th
Py
ith
w
n
io
at
iz
al
su
Learning Outcome:
Vi
Gain proficiency in creating visually appealing scatter plots using Seaborn and understand how
to enhance them further with aesthetic functions. Develop the ability to apply customization
a
at
techniques such as setting styles, labels, and titles to effectively communicate information
through data visualization.
-D
D
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BC
IT
R
M
C

l
ua
Title 8(a): Enhancing Line Graphs with Annotations and Legends using Bokeh
an
Problem Statement: Write a Python program to explain working with bokeh line graph using
M
Annotations and Legends.
b
Algorithm:
La
1. Import figure, show, and output_file from bokeh.plotting for creating and displaying
plots.
on
2. Import Label from bokeh.models for adding annotations.
th
3. Define lists x and y containing the data points.
Py
4. Create a new plot p with a specified title, x-axis label, y-axis label, and dimensions.
5. Add a line to the plot using p.line() with specified attributes like color, width, and legend
ith
label.
6. Create an annotation with Label() and add it to the plot using p.add_layout().
w
7. Optionally, specify an output file with output_file() (optional).
n
8. Use show(p) to display the Bokeh plot with the added annotations and legend.
io
Code:
at
iz
from bokeh.plotting import figure, show, output_file

al
from bokeh.models import Label

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# Define data
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x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
a
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y = [2, 3, 5, 7, 11]
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# Create a new plot

D
p = figure(title="Bokeh Line Graph with Annotations and Legends", x_axis_label='X-axis',

y_axis_label='Y-axis', width=600, height=400)
58
S3
# Add a line to the plot

BC
p.line(x, y, line_color="blue", line_width=2, legend_label="Line Plot")

# Add an annotation
IT
annotation = Label(x=3, y=7, text="Important Point", text_color="red")

R
p.add_layout(annotation)
M
C
# Add a legend
p.legend.location = "top_left"

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ua
# Specify an output file (optional)
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output_file("bokeh_line_graph.html")
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# Show the plot
b
show(p)
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Result:
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Py
ith
w
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al
su
Vi
a
at
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Learning Outcome:
D
58
Acquire proficiency in creating dynamic line graphs using Bokeh, and understand how to
enhance visualizations with annotations and legends for effective data communication. Develop
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the ability to add informative annotations and legends to plots, enabling clearer representation
BC
and interpretation of data trends and significant points.

IT
R
M
C

l
ua
Title 8(b): Bokeh Showcase: Exploring Diverse Plot Types
an
Problem Statement: Write a Python program for plotting different types of plots using Bokeh.
M
Algorithm:
b
1. Import Libraries:
La
2. Import necessary functions and modules from the Bokeh library.
3. Import NumPy for numerical operations.
on
4. Set Output Configuration:
th
5. Use output_file to specify the output file for the plots.
Py
6. Line Plot:
7. Create a new figure (p1) for the line plot.
ith
8. Set title, x-axis label, and y-axis label for the plot.
9. Create a line plot with x-values [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] and y-values [6, 7, 2, 4, 8] in blue.
w
10. Display the plot using show(p1).
n
11. Scatter Plot: io
12. Create a new figure (p2) for the scatter plot.
at
iz
14. Create a scatter plot using flowers['petal_length'] as x-values and flowers['petal_width']

as y-values.
al
15. Set the size of the circles to 10, color to green, and alpha (transparency) to 0.5.
su

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17. Bar Plot:

18. Define categories (['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E']) and corresponding values ([4, 7, 1, 8, 5]).
a
at
19. Create a new figure (p3) for the bar plot with specified x-range (categories).
-D
21. Create a vertical bar chart using vbar with specified x-values, top values (heights), width,
and color.
D
22. Hide the toolbar for this plot.

58

S3
24. Histogram:
25. Create a new figure (p4) for the histogram.
BC
27. Use NumPy to compute the histogram (hist) and bin edges (edges) for the 'petal_length'
IT
data with 20 bins.

28. Create a histogram using quad with specified top (histogram heights), bottom (always 0),
R
left (bin edges), right (bin edges), and colors.

M

C
30. Output Files:

31. Each plot is saved in a separate HTML file with the specified names (line_plot.html,
scatter_plot.html, bar_plot.html, histogram.html).

l
ua
32. Execution:
33. The code executes sequentially, generating and displaying each plot one after the other.
an
Code:
M
from bokeh.plotting import figure, show, output_file
b
La
from bokeh.io import output_notebook
from bokeh.sampledata.iris import flowers
on
import numpy as np
th
Py
# Line Plot
output_file("line_plot.html")
ith
p1 = figure(title="Line Plot", x_axis_label='X-axis', y_axis_label='Y-axis')
w
p1.line([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [6, 7, 2, 4, 8], line_color="blue")
n
show(p1)
io
at
# Scatter Plot
iz
al
output_file("scatter_plot.html")
su
p2 = figure(title="Scatter Plot", x_axis_label='X-axis', y_axis_label='Y-axis')

Vi
p2.circle(flowers['petal_length'], flowers['petal_width'], size=10, color="green", alpha=0.5)

a
at
show(p2)
-D
# Bar Plot
categories = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E']
D
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values = [4, 7, 1, 8, 5]
S3
output_file("bar_plot.html")
BC
p3 = figure(x_range=categories, title="Simple Bar Chart",

x_axis_label='Categories', y_axis_label='Values',
IT
toolbar_location=None, tools="")
R
M
p3.vbar(x=categories, top=values, width=0.5, color="blue")

C
show(p3)
# Histogram

l
ua
output_file("histogram.html")
an
p4 = figure(title="Histogram", x_axis_label='Values', y_axis_label='Frequency')
M
hist, edges = np.histogram(flowers['petal_length'], bins=20)
b
p4.quad(top=hist, bottom=0, left=edges[:-1], right=edges[1:], fill_color="orange",
La
line_color="black")
on
show(p4)
th
Py
Result:
ith
w
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io
at
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al
su
Vi
a
at
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D
58
S3
BC
IT
R
M
C

l
ua
an
M
b
La
on
th
Py
ith
w
n
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at
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al
su
Vi
a
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D
58
S3
BC
IT
R
M
C

l
ua
an
M
b
La
on
th
Py
ith
w
Learning Outcome:
n
io
at
Gain proficiency in generating various types of plots including line plots, scatter plots, bar
iz
charts, and histograms using the Bokeh library. Develop the ability to represent data effectively
al
through hands-on experience in designing and displaying different types of visualizations for
su
improved data understanding and communication.

Vi
a
at
-D
D
58
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BC
IT
R
M
C

l
ua
Title 9: Sinusoidal 3D Surface Exploration
an
Problem Statement: Write a Python program to draw 3D Plots using Plotly Libraries.
M
Algorithm:
b
1. Import necessary modules from the Plotly library (plotly.graph_objects).
La
2. Import NumPy for numerical operations.
3. Generate a set of x and y values using np.linspace to create a grid.
on
4. Use np.meshgrid to create a 2D grid of x and y values.
th
5. Calculate z-values based on a function of x and y (in this case, np.sin(np.sqrt(x**2 +
Py
y**2))).
6. Create 3D Surface Plot:
ith
7. Use go.Figure to initialize a new plot.
8. Add a 3D surface plot using go.Surface with the computed z-values, x-values, and
w
y-values.
n
9. Update the layout of the plot with a title and axis labels.
io
10. Set the title to "Sinusoidal 3D Surface Exploration".
at
11. Specify labels for the x, y, and z axes.
iz
12. Use fig.show() to display the 3D surface plot.

13. Ensure that the Plotly library is installed (pip install plotly).
al
14. Run the program, and it will generate and display the 3D surface plot.
su
Vi
Code:
import plotly.graph_objects as go
a
at
import numpy as np
-D
# Define the data

D
x = np.linspace(-5, 5, 100)
58
y = np.linspace(-5, 5, 100)
S3
x, y = np.meshgrid(x, y)
BC
z = np.sin(np.sqrt(x**2 + y**2))
IT
# Create the 3D surface plot

R
fig = go.Figure(data=[go.Surface(z=z, x=x, y=y)])

M
# Set the layout of the plot

C
fig.update_layout(
title='3D Surface Plot',

l
ua
scene=dict(
an
xaxis_title='X-axis',
M
yaxis_title='Y-axis',
b
zaxis_title='Z-axis'
La
)
on
)
th
# Display the plot
Py
fig.show()
ith
Result:
w
n
io
at
iz
al
su
Vi
a
at
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D
58
S3
BC
Learning Outcome:
Gain the ability to create and customize 3D plots, enabling effective representation and
IT
exploration of multidimensional data using the Plotly library. Develop a comprehension of how
R
data points can be mapped and visualized in three-dimensional space, enhancing the capacity to
M
convey complex relationships visually.

C

l
ua
Title 10 (a): visual exploration of Time Series Data
an
Problem Statement: Write a Python program to draw Time Series using Plotly Libraries.
M
Algorithm:
b
1. Import Necessary Libraries
La
2. plotly.graph_objects as go for creating plots.
3. datetime from the datetime module for handling dates.
on
4. Create a list dates containing datetime objects representing the dates.
th
5. Create a list values containing corresponding numerical values.
Py
6. Create a Trace
7. Create a Scatter trace:
ith
8. Use the go.Scatter function to create a trace.
9. Set the x attribute to dates and y attribute to values.
w
10. Set mode to 'lines+markers' for both lines and markers on the plot.
n
11. Create Layout io
12. Define the layout for the plot:
at
13. Create a layout using go.Layout.
iz
14. Set the title of the plot using title.

15. Set titles for the x-axis and y-axis using xaxis_title and yaxis_title.
al
16. Create a Figure

su
17. Combine the trace and layout into a Figure object:

Vi
18. Use go.Figure with the trace and layout as arguments.

19. Display the Plot
a
at
20. Show the plot on the screen:

21. Use fig.show() to display the plot.
-D
22. Run the Program

23. Execute the Python program to generate and display the Time Series plot.
D
58
Code:
S3
import plotly.express as px
BC
import pandas as pd
# Load the dataset (replace 'your_dataset.csv' with the actual file path)
IT
data = pd.read_csv("Rainfall_data.csv")
R
M
# Combine Year, Month, and Day columns to create a datetime column

C
data['Date'] = pd.to_datetime(data[['Year', 'Month', 'Day']])

# Create time series plot

fig = px.line(data, x='Date', y=[ 'Temperature'],
l
ua
title='Time Series Plot', labels={'value': 'Values'}, line_shape='linear')
an
fig.show()
M
Result:
b
La
on
th
Py
ith
w
n
io
at
iz
al
su
Vi
Learning Outcome:
a
Gain proficiency in visualizing temporal data through Time Series plots, enabling the analysis of
at
trends, patterns, and anomalies in time-dependent datasets. Develop the skills to customize and
-D
present Time Series plots effectively, enhancing the ability to communicate insights derived from
time-based data to stakeholders and decision-makers.
D
58
S3
BC
IT
R
M
C

l
ua
an
Title 10 (b): Map Exploration using Plotly
M
Problem Statement: Write a Python program for creating Maps using Plotly Libraries.
b
Algorithm:
La
1. Import Necessary Libraries:
on
2. Import plotly.graph_objects as go for creating plots.
3. Use go.Choropleth to create a map visualization.
th
4. Set locations to ['IND'] to indicate India.
Py
5. Set z with data representing the population density of Indian states.
6. Provide hovertext to display additional information when hovering over the map.
ith
7. Define Layout for the Map:
w
8. Create a layout using go.Layout.
9. Optionally, customize the appearance, e.g., showing coastlines.
10. Create Figure:
n
io
11. Combine the trace and layout into a Figure object using go.Figure.
at
12. Display the Map:
iz
13. Use fig.show() to render and display the map.

al
14. Adjust the color scale, annotations, or other visual elements as needed.
su
15. Run the Program:

Vi
16. Execute the Python program to generate and display the India map.
Code:
a
at
import plotly.express as px
-D
# Sample data for demonstration

D
data = {
58
'City': ['New York', 'San Francisco', 'Los Angeles', 'Chicago', 'Houston'],

S3
'Lat': [40.7128, 37.7749, 34.0522, 41.8781, 29.7604],

BC
'Lon': [-74.0060, -122.4194, -118.2437, -87.6298, -95.3698],

IT
'Population': [8175133, 870887, 3971883, 2716000, 2328000]

R
}
M
# Create a map
C
fig = px.scatter_geo(data, lat='Lat', lon='Lon', text='City', size='Population',

projection='natural earth', title='Population of Cities')

l
ua
fig.update_traces(textposition='top center')
an
fig show()
M
Result:
b
La
on
th
Py
ith
w
n
io
at
iz
al
su
Vi
Learning Outcome:
a
at
Gain proficiency in visualizing geographic data through interactive maps, enabling the effective
-D
communication of spatial information and trends. Develop skills in customizing maps with
specific geographical data, enhancing the ability to present location-based insights for various
D
analytical and reporting purposes.

58
S3
BC
IT
R
M
C

l
Content beyond syllabus:
ua
an
Title: Apply Visualization concept using Holoviews on Country Population Dataset
M
Problem Description:
b
You are provided with a dataset containing information about the population of various
La
countries. Your task is to create informative visualizations using Holoviews, a powerful data
visualization library in Python. The goal is to present key insights and trends in an interactive
on
and visually appealing manner.
th
Algorithm:
Py
Step 1: Install Required Packages
ith
Step 3: Load the Dataset
w
Step 4: Data Preprocessing
n
Step 5: Create a Scatter Plot io
Step 6: Display the Scatter Plot
at
iz
Code:
al
!pip install holoviews

su
!pip install hvplot

Vi
import holoviews as hv
a
at
from holoviews import opts

-D
import pandas as pd
D
df=pd.read_csv("Countries Population_1.csv") #Reading Csv file

58
df
S3
df['Population -2023']=df['Population -2023'].apply(lambda x: x.replace(",", ""))

BC
scatter = df.hvplot.scatter(x='World Share', y='Country (or dependency)', color='blue', size=5,

width=800, height=500) # Applying the hvplot library
IT
scatter
R
M
C

Results:
l
ua
an
M
b
La
on
th
Py
ith
w
n
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at
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al
su
Vi
a
at
Learning Outcomes:
-D
Learners will gain experience in data preprocessing techniques, such as cleaning and converting
data types, to enhance the effectiveness of visualizations, thereby improving their ability to
D
convey insights from the dataset.

58
S3
BC
IT
R
M
C

l
ua
an
Title: Data visualization with list comprehension
M
Problem Description: Create a data visualization representing a list comprehension technique
b
for generating prime numbers. Display the sequence of prime numbers within a specified range,
La
showcasing the efficiency and elegance of this approach in generating prime numbers.
Algorithm:
on
1. Define a function generate_primes(start, end) to generate prime numbers within the
th
specified range.
Py
2. Initialize an empty list primes to store the generated prime numbers.
3. Iterate over each number in the range from start to end - 1.
ith
4. Check if the number is greater than 1.
w
5. If true, iterate over divisors from 2 to the square root of the number (inclusive).
n
6. Check if the number is divisible by any divisor.
io
7. If divisible, break the loop.
at
8. If not divisible by any divisor, add it to the primes list.
iz
9. Return the list of prime numbers.

al
10. Define a function visualize_primes(primes) to create a plot of the generated prime

su
numbers.
11. Use Matplotlib to plot the prime numbers with the x-axis representing the index and
Vi
y-axis representing the value of prime numbers.

a
12. Add labels to the x-axis ("Prime number index") and y-axis ("Prime number value").
at
13. Set the title of the plot to "Plot of prime numbers".

-D
14. Display the plot using plt.show().

Code:
D

58
S3
def is_prime(n):
BC
if n <= 1:
return False
IT
if n == 2:
R
return True
M
C
if n % 2 == 0:
return False

for i in range(3, int(n**0.5) + 1, 2):
l
ua
if n % i == 0:
an
return False
M
return True
b
def prime_numbers_in_range(start, end):
La
return [i for i in range(start, end+1) if is_prime(i)]
on
th
# Define the range
Py
start = 1
ith
end = 100
w
# Generate prime numbers using list comprehension
n
io
prime_numbers = prime_numbers_in_range(start, end)
at
print(prime_numbers)
iz
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
al
su
plt.plot(prime_numbers, linewidth=2)
Vi
plt.title('Prime Numbers in Range [{}, {}]'.format(start, end))

a
plt.xlabel('Index values')
at
plt.ylabel('Prime Numbers')
-D
plt.show()
D
58
S3
BC
IT
R
M
C

Result:
l
ua
an
M
b
La
on
th
Py
ith
w
n
io
at
iz
al
su
Learning Outcomes:
Vi
Students will gain a comprehensive understanding of fundamental prime number generation

algorithms and their implementation in Python. They will develop proficiency in data
a
at
visualization using Matplotlib, enabling them to represent prime numbers graphically for
-D
analysis and interpretation.

D
58
S3
BC
IT
R
M
C

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CMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru

Department of Computer Science and Technology

Exam Hours 100

(Applicable for 3rd Sem CSE)

1 | Page CMRIT, Department of CSE

CO 1. Demonstrate the use of IDLE or PyCharm IDE to create Python Applications

CO 3. Use Matplotlib for drawing different Plots

CO 5. Use Plotly for drawing Time Series and Maps.

2 | Page CMRIT, Department of CSE

condition for input value is not followed.

letters and lowercase letters.

Original string: Original string:

Python Exercises Python Exercises

Python Exercises Python Exercise

3 | Page CMRIT, Department of CSE

10 a) Write a Python program to draw Time Series using Plotly Libraries.

b) Write a Python program for creating Maps using Plotly Libraries.

4 | Page CMRIT, Department of CSE

m1 = int(input("Enter marks for test1 : "))

m2 = int(input("Enter marks for test2 : "))

m3 = int(input("Enter marks for test3 : "))

if m1 <= m2 and m1 <= m3:

elif m2 <= m1 and m2 <= m3:

Enter marks for test1: 45

Enter marks for test2: 39

5 | Page CMRIT, Department of CSE

6 | Page CMRIT, Department of CSE

counts of each digit.

8. In the main program:

9. Prompt the user to enter a number using the input() function.

10. Convert the user's input to an integer.

12. If it is a palindrome, print a message indicating so.

15. Iterate through the digit_count list:

5) For each index (representing a digit), if the count is greater than 0:

6) Print a message indicating how many times that digit occurs.

7 | Page CMRIT, Department of CSE

8 | Page CMRIT, Department of CSE

9. If successful, store the result in the variable result.

11. Implement an except block to handle a ValueError:

print the error message.

return fn(n-1) + fn(n-2)

num = int(input("Enter a number : "))

9 | Page CMRIT, Department of CSE

10 | Page CMRIT, Department of CSE

5. Use an if-elif-else structure to perform the desired conversion:

i. Prompt the user to enter a binary number using input().

iii. Print the decimal equivalent.

i. Prompt the user to enter an octal number using input().

6. If the input is neither 'B' nor 'O', print an error message.

bin=int(input("Enter a binary number : "))

11 | Page CMRIT, Department of CSE

print("Hexadecimal Equivalent is : ", hex)

print("BINARY TO DECIMAL CONVERSION")

print("\n\nOCTAL TO HEXADECIMAL CONVERSION")

12 | Page CMRIT, Department of CSE

13 | Page CMRIT, Department of CSE

iii. Check if it is a lowercase letter using islower(). If true, increment the

8. Prompt the user to enter a sentence using input().

11. The program execution is complete.

sentence = input("Enter a sentence: ")