Iron Steel Processing

GOLDEN GATE COLLEGES
P. Prieto St., Batangas City
IRON & STEEL PROCESSING
PREPARED TO:
Engr. Belle Sacurom
PREPARED BY:
NAME CONTRIBUTION SIGNATURE
Panganiban, Rommel M. Research, PPT,

Reporting
Perol, Hannah S. Research, PPT,
Reporting
Ruperez, Alliyah V. Research, PPT,
Reporting
SEPTEMBER 2024
IRON AND STEEL PROCESSING
Iron
 A strong, hard magnetic silvery-grey metal, the chemical element of
atomic number 26, much used as a material for construction and
manufacturing, especially in the form of steel.
 Iron is one of the most widespread elements on the Earth. It makes
up approximately 4 percent of the Earth’s crust. Much of this iron is
found in such small concentrations in other rocks.
 The ores used in making iron and steel are iron oxides, which are
compounds of iron and oxygen.
Properties of Iron
 Iron is a silvery-white or grayish metal.
 It is ductile
 It is malleable
 It is one of only three naturally occurring magnetic elements
 Iron has a very high tensile strength
 Iron is also very workable
 The melting point of pure iron is 1,536°C (2,797°F)
 Its boiling point is about 3,000°C (5,400°F).
 Iron is a very active metal
 It readily combines with oxygen in moist air
 The product of this reaction, iron oxide (Fe 2.03), is known as rust
Types of Iron
 PIG IRON – Basic raw iron is called pig iron because it’s produced in
the form of chunky molded blocks known as pigs. Pig iron is made by
heating an iron ore (rich in iron oxide) in a blast furnace.

 CAST IRON – Cast iron is simply liquid iron that has been cast:
poured into a mold and allowed to cool and harden to form a finished
structural shape, such as a pipe, a gear, or a big girder for an iron
bridge.

 WROUGHT IRON – Wrought iron is a very different material made by
mixing liquid iron with some slag. The result is an iron alloy with a
much lower carbon content. Wrought iron is softer than cast iron and
much less tough
Uses of Iron
 Iron is the most commonly used for manufacturing components of
automobiles. Machineries, tools, and building structures
 Construction: Used in steel for buildings, bridges, and
infrastructure.
 Shipbuilding: Iron is key for ships and submarines.
 Energy: Used in turbines, pipelines, and electrical equipment.
 Railways: Tracks and train parts
 Appliances: Found in refrigerators, stoves, and washing machines.
 Chemical Industry: Used as a catalyst and for chemical production.
 Mining: Used in equipment and metal alloys like steel.
Iron Processing
 Mining: Iron ore is extracted and crushed.
 Concentration: Ore is separated from impurities using magnetic
separation or flotation.
 Reduction (Smelting): In a blast furnace, iron ore is heated with coke
and limestone, reducing it to molten iron.
 Pig Iron: The molten iron is collected, containing impurities like
carbon.
 Refining: Pig iron is refined in a Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) or
Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) to produce steel.
 Casting: The purified iron or steel is shaped into bars, sheets, or
other forms for use.
Steel
 A hard, strong grey or bluish-grey alloy of iron with carbon and
usually other elements, used as a structural and fabricating material.
 By far the most widely used material for building the world’s
infrastructure and industries, it is used to fabricate everything from
sewing needles to oil tankers.
Properties of Steel
 High strength: Resistant to tension.
 Durability: Long-lasting and impact-resistant.
 Ductility: Can be stretched into wires.
 Malleability: Easily shaped without cracking.
 Corrosion resistance: Stainless steel resists rust.
 Hardness: Resistant to wear and scratching.
 Toughness: Absorbs shocks without breaking.
 Conductivity: Moderate thermal and electrical properties.
 Magnetism: Most steels are magnetic.
 Recyclability: Fully recyclable without quality loss
Types of Steel
 Carbon Steel
Contains primarily iron and carbon.
Classified into low, medium, and high carbon steel based on carbon
content.
Uses: Construction materials, automotive parts, and pipes.
 Alloy Steel
Contains additional elements like chromium, nickel, or manganese to
enhance properties.
Uses: Gears, pipelines, and parts needing strength and toughness.
 Tool Steel
Contains elements like tungsten, molybdenum, and vanadium for
hardness and heat resistance.
Uses: Cutting tools, dies, and molds.
 Stainless Steel
Contains chromium (at least 10.5%) for corrosion resistance.
Uses: Kitchenware, medical instruments, and construction in
corrosive environments.
Uses of Steel
 Construction: Buildings, bridges, and infrastructure.
 Automotive: Car bodies, engines, and parts.
 Shipbuilding & Aerospace: Ship hulls and aircraft components.
 Machinery: Industrial tools and equipment.
 Energy: Pipelines, turbines, and power plants.
 Appliances: Refrigerators, stoves, and washers.
 Railways: Tracks and train components.
 Packaging: Food and beverage cans.
Steel Processing
 Iron Production: Iron ore is smelted in a blast furnace to produce
molten iron (pig iron).
 Steelmaking: Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF): Refines molten iron by
blowing oxygen to reduce carbon. Electric Arc Furnace (EAF): Melts
scrap steel using electric arcs.
 Casting: Molten steel is poured into molds to create slabs, blooms, or
billets.
 Hot Rolling: Heated steel is rolled into shapes (sheets, bars, etc.).
 Cold Rolling: Processes steel at room temperature for precise
dimensions.
 Heat Treatment: Enhances properties like hardness and strength
through methods like annealing and quenching.

Iron Steel Processing

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GOLDEN GATE COLLEGES

P. Prieto St., Batangas City

IRON & STEEL PROCESSING

Panganiban, Rommel M. Research, PPT,

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