WEEK 4

Consumerism
is a social and economic order that encourages the acquisition of goods and services in
ever-increasing amounts. With the industrial revolution, but particularly in the 20th century, mass
production led to overproduction the supply of goods would grow beyond consumer demand,
and so manufacturers turned to planned obsolescence and advertising to manipulate consumer
spending.

Key Trend
Financial Literacy:Integrating lessons on budgeting, saving, and understanding consumer
rights.
Sustainable Consumerism: Emphasis on eco-friendly choices, ethical consumption, and
reducing waste.
Digital Consumerism: Teaching about online shopping, digital marketing, and online fraud
protection.

Hospitality Management
Hospitality management involves overseeing the administrative tasks of a hotel or resort. Your
goal as a hospitality manager is to ensure your hotel is warm, welcoming, and makes guests
feel like they're at home.

Key Trends
Soft Skills Focus: Communication, customer service, and cultural awareness are key
components.
Practical Experience: Schools are incorporating more project-based learning like organizing
events or mock hotel setups.
Technology in Hospitality: Exposure to management software and digital guest interaction
tools.

Intrapersonal Skills
Simply put, interpersonal skills are people skills. They're the skills we use when communicating
and collaborating with others. More and more often, employers base their hiring decisions on
whether they feel a candidate exemplifies strong interpersonal skills.

Key Trends
Self-Awareness: Activities designed to help students understand their strengths and
weaknesses.
Emotional Intelligence: Training students to manage emotions, empathize with others, and
build resilience.
Mindfulness: Growing use of mindfulness techniques to foster self-regulation and focus.

Personality Development
Relatively enduring pattern of the thoughts,
feelings, and behaviors that distinguish
individuals from each other.
Key Trends
Holistic Development: A focus on
grooming, communication, leadership, and
confidence-building.
Personal Branding: Encouraging students
to build their own unique identity in
professional and social settings.
Positive Psychology: Teaching techniques
for self-confidence and growth mindset.

Decision Making
The process of making choices by
identifying decision, gathering information,

Key Trends
Problem-Solving Skills: Lessons on critical thinking and weighing pros and cons before
making decisions.
Collaborative Decision Making:
Encouraging group decision-making tasks to mimic real-world scenarios.
Ethical Decision Making: Focusing on moral choices in consumerism and hospitality contexts

WEEK 1

INDUSTRIAL ARTS
is a field of education and practice that focuses on teaching skills and knowledge related to
various forms of manufacturing, engineering, and design. It often includes subjects like
woodworking, metalworking, drafting, electronics, and mechanical drawing.

The goal is to provide students

with practical skills that can be
applied in trades and industries,
preparing them for careers in
fields such as engineering,
construction, and industrial
design.

Industrial arts, such as

woodworking or metalworking,
can contribute to personal
development by fostering
creativity, problem-solving skills,
and manual dexterity.
In society/community, they
promote innovation,
craftsmanship, and the
production of functional objects.
They also provide employment
opportunities and contribute to
economic growth.

Industrial arts benefit families by teaching

skills that can lead to steady employment
and financial security. It also allows family
members to undertake home repairs and
improvements themselves, saving on costs.
Additionally, it fosters hands-on problem-
solving and creativity, which can be
valuable in everyday family life and passed
down through generations.

8CHAPTER 2

Lesson 4

Approaches, Methods and Techniques in Teaching EPP

At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:

Identify and use appropriate method/approach/technique in teaching specific knowledge and

skill in teaching ICT, Agriculture, Home Economics, and Industrial Arts

What's In

Meaning of Approach, Methods and Techniques

➤ Approach is a set of assumptions that define beliefs and theories about the nature of the
learner and the process of learning.

➤ Method is an overall for systematic presentation of a lesson based upon a selected approach
(Brown, 1994). Some authors call it design.

➤ Techniques are the specific activities manifested in the classroom that are consistent with a
method and therefore in harmony with an approach as well (Brown, 1994). Technique is referred
to also as a task or activity.

APPROACHES, METHODS AND TECHNIQUES IN TEACHING EPP

1. Demonstration Method

The demonstration method is a direct method of instruction. It is referred as the "show and tell"
method. The teacher simply shows to the students how a thing is done and explains as he/she
demonstrates. For an effective demonstration, it is necessary that the teacher mentions the do's
and don'ts of the process for emphasis and clarity. It is important that as a teacher demonstrates
a process, he/she cautions students on steps of a skill where students are often mistaken, or
which are most often missed.

What's New

What is

TWO TYPES OF DEMONSTRATION

A. Demonstration of a Product

B. Demonstration of a Process

.The steps are:

a. Teacher demonstrates. - "Watch me and listen to me".

b. Student demonstrates with scaffolding from teacher. - "Let's do it together".

c. When student can do the process by himself/herself, student demonstrates the skill or
process. - "Do it as I watch".

d. Teacher gives more opportunity for practice for skill mastery.

e. Teacher assesses to determine skill mastery by all students

It goes without saying that at all times, while students practice the newly learned skill, teacher
must be visibly supervising students while they practice for mastery.

2. Hands on Learning

Hands-on learning, more formally known as experiential education, reflects a teaching

philosophy that promotes learning by doing. The strategy allows children to practice guided
tactile learning in which they absorb knowledge not only by listening, but by experiencing.

Generally speaking, hands-on learning is learning through experience. Students handle

the materials, equipment, and instruments in real time and manipulate it. It is obtaining the skills,
knowledge, and competencies that are necessary. Working in hands-on way is presumed to
extend a more thrilling and realistic experience of the content.

One of the benefits of hands-on learning environment is that students will get a feel for
materials and equipment that is commonly used in the workplace after the course. This is
particularly good if the student is working with equipment and tools. One of the main reasons for
accidents in the workplace comes from equipment and tools misuse; knowing how to properly
handle equipment increases safety.
 By definition, hands-on learning requires students to engage in the education process
using multiple senses including sight, hearing and touch known as multisensory learning; the
hands-on teaching strategy engages the senses in a way that promotes learning
comprehension on multiple levels. This practice allows students to understand information and
use it.

3. Cooperative Learning

Cooperative Learning, sometimes called small-group learning, is an instructional strategy

in which small groups of students work together on a common task. The task can be as simple
as solving a multi-step math problem together, or as complex as developing a design for a new
kind of school. In some cases, each group member is individually accountable for part of the
task; in other cases, group members work together without formal role assignments.

According to David Johnson and Roger Johnson (1999), there are five basic elements
that allow successful small-group learning:

Positive interdependence

Face-to-face interaction

Individual and group accountability

Group behaviors

Group processing

Cooperative learning changes students' and teachers' roles in classrooms. The ownership of
teaching and learning is shared by groups of students and is no longer the sole responsibility of
the teacher. The authority of setting goals, assessing learning, and facilitating learning is shared
by all. Some challenges of using cooperative learning include releasing the control of learning,
managing noise levels, resolving conflicts, and assessing student learning. Carefully structured
activities can help students learn the skills to work together successfully, and structured
discussion and reflection on group process can help avoid some problems.

4. Project Method/Project-Based Method

This is a strategy where learners acquire knowledge through planning and execution of
practical projects

Types of Project-Based Method

Individual Project

Group Project

Simplex Project

Complex Project

According to Kilpatrick-Kaun (2014) Project can be classified into:

 a. Constructive Project

b. Aesthetic Project

c. Problematic Project

d. Drill Project

Steps in preparing a learning activity under the Project-based learning technique

Creating Situation

Selecting the Project

Planning

Evaluation

Reporting

5. Instructional Module

Modular Teaching is one of the most widespread and recognizes learning techniques. An
Instructional Module is a self-contained and self-sufficient unit of instruction for the learner to
achieve a set of objectives.

Characteristics:

Independent

Self-contained

Self-instructional

Clearly defined objectives

Concerned with individual differences

Systematically organized learning opportunities

Utilization of variety of media

Active participation of learner

Components of Module:

1. Title - the title of the module should be clear

2. Introduction - background of module

3. Overview-the overview introduces the learner to the theme of the module, its purpose,
organization and uses
4. Instruction to the Users to provide clear instruction to the learner as to how he should
proceed, and what he needs to do after each step

5. Pre-test-a pre-test is given at the beginning

6. Objectives - the instructional objectives of the module should be clearly stated

7. Learning Activities - enable the learner to develop behavior in predetermined direction

8. Formative Tests - are given at the end of each learning unit/learning activity

9. Summative Evaluation - is done with the help of a post test

Advantages:

Learning becomes very effective.

It establishes a system of assessment other than marks or guides.

Modules can be administered to single use, small group or large group.

It is more appropriate to mature students.

Disadvantages:

Modules are economical in their use.

Appropriate only for matured students.

Time Consuming

Demands smart classrooms

6. Utilization of Resource Persons and Community Materials

Resource persons are experts who contribute information and opinions to participants in
a learning situation. They frequently are used to conduct educational activities but may also be
helpful to a committee at the program planning stage.

Using the local community and environment as resource

One important resource at your fingertips is that of the local community and
environment. In your local community you have people who have expertise in a wide range. In
your local environment you also have access to a range of natural resources.

Using local environmental resources

The local environment can support your teaching. In your local environment you also
have access to a range of natural resources. The outside environment can be seen as a place
to collect resources but it can also be used as an extension of your classroom.
7. Field Trips, Home Visits and Community Works

Field trips

• are recognized as important moments in learning

• a shared social experience that provides the opportunity for students to

encounter and explore novel things in an authentic setting

• it is important to recognize that learning outcomes from field trips can range from
cognitive to affective outcomes

Among the many potential outcomes, research has shown that field trips:

• expose students to new experiences and can increase interest and engagement
in science regardless of prior interest in a topic (Kisiel, 2005; Bonderup Dohn,
2011)

• result in affective gains such as more positive feelings toward a topic

(Csikszentmihalyi & Hermanson, 1995; Nadelson & Jordan, 2012).

• are experiences that can be recalled and useful long after a visit (Salmi, 2003;
Falk & Dierking. 1997; Wolins, Jensen, & Ulzheimer, 1992)

Home Visits involve teachers going to students' homes to engage with families and understand
students' learning environments and needs.

Benefits;

Personal Connection

Contextual Understanding

Parental Involvement

Community work involves engaging students in projects and activities that benefit the local
community, such as clean-up drives, community gardens, or local workshops.

Benefits:

Social Responsibility

Skill Application

Community Connections