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Quantity Takeoff

Presentation · November 2019

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.33355.13607

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Quantity Takeoff
Dr. Ahmed Elyamany

1
 Outline
•Importance of Quantity Takeoff
•Preparation of Quantity Takeoff
•Measurement Units
•Measuring excavation, P.C footings, Beams,
Columns, slabs, and stairs.
•Solved Example

2
 Quantity Takeoff
•Quantity takeoff is an activity performed by
General Contractors, Subcontractors, Cost
Consultants, and Quantity Surveyors as part
of the construction process.

•It involves counting the number of items

associated with a particular construction
project

3
 Quantity Survey at Project Stages
•Concept  no quantity survey
•Design  Engineering estimate
•Bidding / Tendering 
•Pre-bid estimate,
•Preconstruction estimate
•Construction  detailed estimate for incoive

4
 Quantity Takeoff
•Quantity Takeoff is performed by:
•General Contractors,
•Subcontractors,
•Cost Consultants,
•Quantity Surveyors

5
 Quantity Takeoff
•Counting the number of items associated
with a particular construction project

•Determining the associated materials and

labor costs

•Preparing an estimate as part of the bidding

process.

•Applied to the pricing process.

6
 Quantity take-off: Why?
•Owner perspective:
•Initial estimate of the project costs at the
different stages of the project.
•Preparing the BOQ as a requirement of the
contract documents.
•Estimating the work done for issuing the
contractor payments.

7
 Quantity take-off: Why?
•Contractor perspective:
•Pricing different work items.
•Identifying the needed resources (Labor,
Equipment, etc.).
•Project schedule.
•Preparing invoices for work done.
•Subcontractors’ payments.
•Review and control of crews’ production rates.

8
 Quantity Takeoff
•The quantity takeoff process is typically done
manually using a printout, a pen, and a
calculator.

9
 Quantity Takeoff
•New Trend is Building Information Modeling
(BIM)
•Provide a solution that generates a set of
takeoff elements (counts, measurements,
conditions that affect cost) enables
estimators to more quickly and more
accurately perform takeoff for bidding or
pricing.

10
 Quantity Takeoff
•Important to specify the type of ;
•Imported materials
•Suppliers
•Equipment
•Labors
•Work in project

•Important to know project budget

•Important to know activities logic

11
 Quantity Takeoff Criteria
•It must be as accurate as possible

•Should be based on all available engineering

and design data.

•Use of appropriate automation tools is highly

recommended.

•The Quantity Takeoff is an important part of

the cost estimate.
12
 Quantity Takeoff Input Documents
•Input from the client (task description).
•Conditions (general, special, supplementary).
•Drawing and specifications.
•Addenda.
•Agreement form.
•Modifications.

13
 Quantity Development Guidelines

• Coordinate the quantity takeoff process and plan with

the estimator.

• Include a list of materials in quantity takeoffs.

• Utilize a process that easily records the quantity

• Check scales and dimensions on each drawing sheet.

• Highlight drawing areas where quantities have been

determined to ensure all elements is captured but not
double counted.

14
 Quantity Development Guidelines
•Consider items that have no material but still
require cost, e.g., job office overhead, task
setup, training and certifications.

•Add a certain amount of waste, loss, drop off,

or length related to the material purchases
for a bulk order.

•Coordinate with designers if the design

appears in error..
15
 Takeoff Sheet & Bill Of Quantities
•Quantity Takeoff Sheet
‫•مقايسات كميات‬
•Estimated Quantities
‫•مقايسات أعمال تقديرية‬
•Actual Quantities
‫•مقايسات أعمال فعلية‬
•Bill Of Quantities (BOQ)
‫• مقايسات تثمينية‬

16
 Quantity Takeoff Sheet

Dimension Part
Item Item Unit Quantity Total
Length Width Height Subtraction Addition

17
 Bill Of Quantities

Price Notes

Item Item Unit Quantity

Unit Total

18
 Bill of Quantities classification
•The Bill of Quantities is classified into the
following work groups:
•Civil works
•Sanitary works
•Electrical works
•Mechanical works

19
 Bill of Quantities classification
•Civil works:
•Earth works:
• leveling,
• excavation,
• backfilling,
• transportation of excavated soil)
•Foundation works:
• plain concrete
• reinforced concrete
• piling foundations

20
 Bill of Quantities classification
•Civil works:
•Skelton reinforce concrete:
• Columns,
• Beans,
• Slabs
• Stairs
•Brick works:
• Internal brick work
• External brick work

21
 Bill of Quantities classification
•Civil works:
•Finishing:
• Water proofing
• Staircases
• Plastering
• Flooring
• Painting
•Metal works:
• Windows
• Doors
• Accessories

22
 Bill of Quantities classification
• Sanitary works:
• Water feeding systems
• Internal and external plumbing works
• Finishes of plumbing works

• Electrical works:
• Electrical cables
• Wiring; Accessories
• Internal connections

• Mechanical works:
• Air conditioning systems
• Elevators 23
 Work order
•Items in takeoff sheets are organized in the
same construction sequence.

•Order of items in the same chapter:

•Items estimated in (m3)
•Items estimated in (m2)
•Items estimated in (m)
•Items estimated in (unit)
•Items estimated in (ton)
•Items estimated in (L.S.)
24
 Measuring Units
•The units of measurements for civil
engineering works are mainly categorized for
their:
•Nature
•Shape
•Size and
•Payments to the contractor.

•There are a number of standard codes and

methods of measurement that are available.
25
 Measuring Units
Cubic meter (m3)
•Used for items such as:
• Excavation
• Backfilling
• Concrete
• Brick walls (≥25 cm thick)

Square meter (m2)

•Used for items such as:
• Brick walls (<25 cm thick)
• Plastering
• Flooring
• Painting
26
 Measuring Units
Linear meter (m)
•Used for items such as:
• Pipe lines
• Canals
• Stair steps
• Windows sills

Number (unit)
•Used for items such as:
• Electric outlets
• Doors and windows
• Sanitary fixtures
• Precast concrete
27
 Measuring Units
Lump sum(L.S.)
•Item is subcontracted when the contractor
does not have enough experience to
construct it or there is an item which has a
small quantities of many work items such as:
•Manholes
•Lifts
•Some electrical and plumbing works

•Weight (Ton):
•Metallic works
•Reinforcement steel 28
 Preparation of Quantity Takeoff
•Check the availability of drawings

•Check the axis and dimensions

•Check building levels and link it to structural

drawings.

•Check doors and windows model numbers

•Check ground water levels

29
 Preparation of Quantity Takeoff
•Check architectural against structural
drawings

•Check foundation design and foundation

levels

•Check construction members dimension and

reinforcement.

•Review the contract conditions and

specifications 30
 Formulas

Square

Rectangle

Parallelogram

Trapezoid

Trapezium
31
 Formulas

Triangles

Regular Polygons

Circle

Parabola

Ellipse

32
Formulas

33
Formulas

34
Formulas

35
Formulas

36
Formulas

37
Formulas

38
Taking off Items

39
 Earth works
Excavation
•Quantities are calculated based on the
dimensions of the foundation in plans from the
owner perspective.

•Contractors should consider the excess of

material excavated to all for safe operations.

•Prices differ based on the soil type, deep of

excavation, ground water level, site location,
shoring system, Equipment used, etc.

•Unit of measurement m3 (volume). 40

 Earth works
Excavation: Example
•Calculate the volume of Excavation for each
of the following cases:

1.80

1.40

1.20

41
 Earth works
Excavation: Example

1.80 1.0

1.40 1.0

0.75 1.20 0.75

42
 Earth works
Excavation: Example

1.80 1.0
1.40 1.0

0.75 1.20 0.75

43
 Earth works
Excavation: Example

20 m

10 m

1.80

1.20
44
 Earth works
Excavation: Example

20 m

1.80

1.20
45
 Earth works
Excavation: Example

46
 Earth works
Excavation: Example
• The length of excavation = 5.4 × 2 + (4.4 – 2) × 2 = 15.6 m
• Depth of excavation = 1.8 m
• Width of excavation = width of plain concrete footing = 1.0 m
• Volume = 15.6 × 1.8 × 1.0 = 18.8 m3

47
 Earth works
Backfilling
• Unit of measurement is m3 (volume)

• Volume of backfilling = excavation – concrete – brick

48
 Earth works
Backfilling: Example
•Consider the previous example, the volume
of backfilling could be calculated as follow:
•Volume of concrete = 15.6 × 1 × 0.4 = 6.24 m3
•Volume of brick = 15.6 × 0.4 × 1.4 = 8.736 m3
•Volume of backfilling = 18.8 – (6.24 + 8.736) =
3.824 m3

49
 Earth works
Site leveling
•Top soil cannot be used for backfilling as it
would, over time, cause damage to the
substructure.

•The usual default depth for topsoil is 15 cm

•Measured in m2 (area) if thickness < 30cm.

•Measured in m3 (volume) if thickness >
30cm.
50
 Earth works
Site leveling: Example 1
•Figure below is a 5 m grid of a survey of levels
taken on a site.

•The site is required to be reduced to a level of

35.62 and in order to calculate the volume of
excavation required the average level of the
site must be determined. 51
 Earth works
Site leveling: Example 1
•This can be easily done by weighting the
levels as follows starting at the top left-hand
corner of the site (35.90) and working from
left to right.

52
 Earth works
Site leveling: Example 1
Level Total Level
35.90 35.90
35.86 × 2
35.89 × 2
71.72
71.78 Number of Points = 40
35.92 × 2
35.90 × 2
71.84
71.80 Average site level =
35.89
35 86 × 2
35.89
71.72
1435.07 / 40 = 35.87
35.84 × 4
35.88 × 4
143.36
143.52
Reduced level = 35.62
35.90 × 4
35.90 × 4
143.60
143.60
Average Excavation
35.86 × 2
35.84
71.72
35.84
depth = 35.87 - 35.62 =
35.85 × 2
35.87 × 2
71.70
71.74
0.25
35.90 × 2 71.80
35.88 × 2 71.76
35.78 35.78
Total 1435.07 53
 Earth works
Soil transportation
•Transported soil = Vol. of exc. – Vol. of
backfilling + additional soil at site
•Add swelling factor based on the soil type:
•5% sandy soil.
•15% clayey soil and
•25% for demolition material. (owner or
contractor)

54
 Concrete works
Plain concrete (PC)
•Measured in m2 (area) if thickness < 20 cm.
•Measured in m3 (volume) if thickness ≥ 20
cm.
•Average thickness should be mentioned
when measurement is done by area.

55
 Concrete works
Reinforced concrete (RC)
•All RC elements measured by volume (m3)
except hollow block slabs and Domes,
cylindrical roofs and shells.
•Hollow block slabs measured by area (m2).
•Domes, cylindrical roofs and shells measured
by area in the horizontal projection (m2).

56
 Concrete works
Plain Concrete Footing
•Quantity of P.C footing = No. of footings for a
specific model * length * width * depth

•Total quantity of P.C footings = summation of

P.C footing models

RC Footing

PC Footing

57
 Concrete works
Ground Beams
•Quantity of ground beam = No. of ground
beams for a specific model * length * width *
depth

•Total quantity of ground beams = summation

of ground beam models
Ground Beam

RC Footing

PC Footing
58
 Concrete works
Columns
•Quantity of columns = No. of columns for a
specific model * length * width * height

•Total quantity of columns = summation of

columns models

Columns

RC Footing

PC Footing
59
 Concrete works
Slabs
•Solid slabs:
•Quantity of slab = length * width * thickness

•Flat slab:
•Quantity of slab = length * width * thickness

•Beams:
•Quantity of beam = length * width * height

60
 Concrete works
Stairs
•Quantity of stairs = (thickness + riser/2 )*
tread * width * No. of stairs

tread

thickness
riser
thickness

61
Solved Example

62
Example
(Unit price Contract)
5.6m

1‫ع‬ 2‫ك‬ 1‫ع‬

7ɸ10/m
15cm

4.8m 7ɸ12/m 1‫ك‬

1‫ك‬

A A
1‫ع‬ 2‫ك‬ 1‫ع‬

63
‫‪Example‬‬
‫)‪(Unit price Contract‬‬
‫‪ 2ɸ16‬علوي ‪ 4ɸ16+‬سفلي عدل و الكانات ‪ 6ɸ8/m‬الغطاء الخرساني‬
‫‪ 2.5‬سم‬

‫قطاع الكمرات ك‪,1‬ك‪0.3m x 0.5m 2‬‬

‫قطاع العمود ع‪0.3m x 0.3m 1‬‬

‫ارتفاع العمود ع‪3.0m 1‬‬

‫منسوب اﻷرض الطبيعية‬

‫قطاع السمﻼت ‪0.3m x 0.5m‬‬

‫‪1.05 m‬‬
‫القواعد المسلحة ‪1m x 1m x 0.4m‬‬

‫القواعد العادية ‪1.6m x 1.6m x 0.15m‬‬

‫‪Section A-A‬‬
‫‪64‬‬
 Example
(Unit price Contract)
•It is required to make an engineering
estimate to the quantities of the following
items:
•Excavation (as isolated footing)
•Plain Concrete Footings
•Reinforced Concrete Ground Beams
•Filling
•Columns concrete
•Slab and beams Concrete
•Slab and beams Reinforcement
65
 Example
(Unit price Contract)

1.6 m

4.8 m 1.05 m

1.6 m

.15 m 5.6 m .15 m

5.3
1.6 m
0.8 m 3.7 m 66
 Example
(Unit price Contract)
No. Item Unit Number Length Width Depth Total
1 Excavation m3 4 1.6 1.6 1.05 10.752
2 3.7 0.3 0.5 1.11
2 2.9 0.3 0.5 0.87

67
 Example
(Unit price Contract)
No. Item Unit Number Length Width Depth Total
2 PC Concrete m2 4 1.6 1.6 10.24

0.15 m
1.6 m
1.6 m

68
 Example
(Unit price Contract)
No. Item Unit Number Length Width Depth Total
3 RC Concrete m3 4 1 1 0.4 1.6

0.4 m
1.0 m
1.0 m

69
 Example
(Unit price Contract)
No. Item Unit Number Length Width Depth Total
4 Ground Beams m3 2 5.3 0.3 0.5 1.59
2 4.5 0.3 0.5 1.35

0.5 m ‫السمﻼت‬

4.5 m
4.8 m
0.3 m 0.3 m
5.6 m
0.15 m
0.15 m

5.3

70
 Example
(Unit price Contract)
No. Item Unit Number Length Width Depth Subtotal Total
1 Excavation m3 12.732

2 PC Concrete m3 1.536
3 RC Concrete m3 1.60
4 Ground Beams m3 2.94
Total Concrete m3 6.07
5 Filling m3 6.66

71
 Example
(Unit price Contract)
No. Item Unit Number Length Width Depth Total
2 PC Slab on Grade m2 1 5.0 4.2 21

5.0 m

4.8 m
4.2 m

5.6 m

72
 Example
(Unit price Contract)
No. Item Unit Number Length Width Depth Total
6 Columns Concrete m3 4 0.3 0.3 3 1.08

3.0 m
3.0 m

‫اﻻعمدة‬

3.0 m

73
 Example
(Unit price Contract)
No. Item Unit Number Length Width Depth Total
7 Slab & Beams m3 2 5.3 0.3 0.5 1.59
2 4.5 0.3 0.5 1.35
1 5 4.2 0.15 3.15

0.15 m
5.0 m
0.5 m

4.5 m
4.8 m
4.2 m 15
cm

0.3 m

5.6 m 0.15 m
0.15 m

5.3 74
 Example
(Unit price Contract)
Take-off Summary Table
No. Item Unit Number Length Width Depth Total
1 Excavation m3 12.732
2 PC Concrete footing m2 10.24
3 RC Concrete footing m3 1.60
4 Ground Beams m3 2.94
5 PC Slab-on-grade m2 21.00
6 Filling m3 6.66
7 Columns Concrete m3 1.08
8 Slab & Beams m3 6.09

75
 Example
(Unit price Contract)
Bill of Quantities
No. Item Unit Quantity Unit price Total price Notes
1 Excavation m3 13.0
2 Filling m3 7.0
3 PC Concrete footing m2 10.0
4 RC Concrete footing m3 5.0
and Ground Beams
5 Columns Concrete m3 1.0
6 PC Slab-on-grade m2 21.0
7 Slab & Beams m3 6.0

76
 Example
(Lump Sum Contract)
• It is required to make a contractor estimate to the
quantities of the following items:
• Excavation (excavated as raft, soil swelling factor =1.2,
earth slop 1:1.5 and are increased by 1 m from all sides,
excavated soil is to be transported outside site)
• Plain Concrete Footings
• Reinforced Concrete Footings
• Ground Beams concrete
• Filling (shrinkage factor =0.85, new fill soil to be brought
from outside site)
• Columns concrete
• Slab and beams Concrete
• Slab and beams Reinforcement
77
 Example
(Lump Sum Contract)
12.05

1.575 8.9 1.575

1.5 1.05

1
4.8
8.9
8.1
11.25

1.575 8.1 1.575

0.15 5.6 m 0.15
1.5 1.05
1.0 0.8 5.3 0.8 1.0
1
8.9
8.1
78
 Example
(Lump Sum Contract)
12.05
Base 2 =12.05 x 11.25 = 135.5625
1.575 8.9 1.575

1.5 1.05
Base 1=8.9x8.1= 72.09
1
8.9
11.25
Excavation Vol. = 1.05 *(135.563+72.09)/2 = 109
Transported Soil Volume = 109 x 1.2 = 130.8 m3 1.575 8.1 1.575

# Item Unit Number Length Width Depth Total

1 Excavation m3 1 109 1.5 1.05

1
8.1
79
 Example
(Lump Sum Contract)
No. Item Unit Number Length Width Depth Total
2 PC Concrete foundation m3 4 1.6 1.6 0.15 1.536

Quantity of concrete needed = 1.536 x 1.05 = 1.6 m3

0.15 m
1.6 m
1.6 m

80
 Example
(Lump Sum Contract)
No. Item Unit Number Length Width Depth Total
3 RC Concrete m3 4 1 1 0.4 1.6

Quantity of concrete needed = 1. 6 x 1.05 = 1.68 m3

0.4 m
1.0 m
1.0 m

81
 Example
(Lump Sum Contract)
No. Item Unit Number Length Width Depth Total
4 Ground Beams m3 2 5.3 0.3 0.5 1.59
2 4.5 0.3 0.5 1.35

Quantity of concrete needed = 2.94 x 1.05 = 3.1 m3

0.5 m ‫السمﻼت‬

0.3 m

82
 Example
No. Item Unit Number Length Width Depth Subtotal Total
1 Excavation m3 109

2 PC Concrete m3 1.536
3 RC Concrete m3 1.60
4 Ground Beams m3 2.94
Total Concrete m3 6.06
5 Filling m3 102.9

83
 Example
(Lump Sum Contract)
No. Item Unit Number Length Width Depth Total
2 PC Slab on Grade m3 1 5.0 4.2 0.15 3.15

Quantity of concrete needed = 3.15 x 1.05 = 3.3 m3

5.0 m

4.8 m
4.2 m

5.6 m

84
 Example
(Lump Sum Contract)
No. Item Unit Number Length Width Depth Total
6 Columns Concrete m3 4 0.3 0.3 3 1.08

3.0 m
3.0 m

‫اﻻعمدة‬

3.0 m

85
 Example
(Lump Sum Contract)
No. Item Unit Number Length Width Depth Total
7 Slab & Beams m3 2 5.3 0.3 0.5 1.59
2 4.5 0.3 0.5 1.35
1 5 4.2 0.15 3.15

0.15 m
5.0 m
0.5 m

4.5 m
4.8 m
4.2 m 15
cm

0.3 m

5.6 m 0.15 m
0.15 m

5.3 86
 Example
(Lump Sum Contract)

Take-off Summary Table

No. Item Unit Number Length Width Depth Total
1 Excavation m3 109
2 PC Concrete footing m3 1.536
3 RC Concrete footing m3 1.60
4 Ground Beams m3 2.94
5 PC Slab-on-grade m3 3.15
6 Filling m3 102.9
7 Columns Concrete m3 1.08
8 Slab & Beams m3 6.09

87
 Example
(Lump Sum Contract)

Reinforcement Takeoff

‫ سم‬2.5 ‫ الغطاء الخرساني‬6ɸ8/m ‫ سفلي عدل و الكانات‬4ɸ16+ ‫ علوي‬2ɸ16

0.3m x 0.5m 2‫ك‬,1‫قطاع الكمرات ك‬
2.5cm 2.5cm
25cm
7ɸ10/m

50cm 7ɸ12/m
4.8m

5.6m
30cm
88
 Example
(Lump Sum Contract)

Reinforcement Takeoff
Unit No. of Length Total Unit Total
(kg) bars length Weight Weight
16 upper (beams) 4 4.8 19.2 1.63 31.296
4 5.6 22.4 1.63 36.512
16 lower (beams) 8 4.8 38.4 1.63 62.592
8 5.6 44.8 1.63 73.024
10 long (Slab) 34 5.6 190.4 0.63 119.952
12 short (Slab) 40 4.8 192 0.92 176.640
8 stirrup (beams) 60 1.55 93 0.41 38.130
51 1.55 79.05 0.41 32.411
Total Steel 570.557

89
Taking off Finishing Items

90
 Brick works
•Measured in m2 (by area) if thickness <25 cm.

•Measured in m3 (by volume) if thickness ≥25cm.

•Deduct all openings with area >0.5 m2.

•Include openings with area <0.5 m2.

•Deduct half the area (volume) of arches.

•Deduct all Concrete elements.

•Separate item for each brick type 91

 Finishing works
Plastering
•Internal Plaster:
• Engineering measurement by area (m2).

• All openings with area ≥ 1 m2 are deducted.

• Openings with area < 1 m2 are not deducted.

• Openings sides are not added.

• Inclined slabs are calculated based on their

horizontal projection.
92
 Finishing works
Plastering
•External plaster:
• Engineering measurement by area (m2).

• Openings with areas ≥ 1 m2 are deducted.

• Openings with areas < 1 m2 are not deducted.

• Openings sides are not added.

• Cantilever slabs < 1 m projection not added.

• Add half the area of cantilever slabs ≥ 1 m.

93
 Finishing works
Wall covering
• Engineering measurement by area (m2).
• Ceramic
• Granite
• Wood
• Brick
• Stone

• Wall trim measured in linear m

• Circular columns measured in linear m

94
 Finishing works
Stair steps covering
• Engineering measurement by linear m.

• May be measured by unit of steps.

95
 Finishing works
Flooring
•Engineering measurement by area (m2).
• Floor Trim ( ‫ ≥ )وزرة‬20cm measured in (m2)
• Floor Trim ( ‫ < )وزرة‬20cm measured in (m)

•Types are:
• Tiles
• Ceramic
• Granite
• Wood

96
 Finishing works
Painting
•Engineering measurement by area (m2).

•All openings are deducted.

•Openings sides are added.

•Wood painting measured by unit.

97
 Finishing works
Water Proofing
•Engineering measurement by area (m2).
• Footings Isolation
• Column neck Isolation
• Ground beam Isolation
• Bathroom Isolation
• Roof slab Isolation

98
 Finishing works
Example
5.6m

D1
A A
4.8m

D2
1.8 m

1.1 m

W1 W2
99
 Finishing works
Example
0.15 m 3.5 m - Top slab Beam 0.3m x 0.5m
- Column 0.3m x 0.3m
0.15 m - External Brick wall = 25 cm thick
- Internal brick wall = 12.5 cm thick
- Top roof wall = 12.5 cm thick
Brick wall 0.25 m thick - W1: Window 1.2x1.2, sill height = 1.2 m
- W2: Window 0.5x0.5, sill height = 2.0 m
- D1: Door 1.0x2.2 m
- D2: Door 0.8x2.2 m
3.00 m - Slab-on-grade thick = 0.15 m
- Room Internal plastering = 2 cm thick
- Bathroom Internal finishing is ceramic tiles
- External plastering = 2 cm thick
0.25 m - Flooring is ceramic tile thick = 1 cm
0.00 m - Mortar and Sand layers below ceramic = 2
and 7 cm thick respectively.
- Moisture isolation above Slab-on-grade.
- Moisture isolation above roof slab
- Mortar and Sand layers below roof tiles = 2
and 7 cm thick respectively.
1.05 m - Roof tiles = 2 cm thick

Section A-A
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 Finishing works
Example
It is required to estimate the quantities of
the following work items:
•Internal brick work
•External brick work
•Plastering
•Isolation
•Ceramic wall
•Ceramic flooring
•Painting
•Doors and window
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