Maharaja Education Trust (R), Mysuru

Maharaja Institute of Technology Mysore

Belawadi, Sriranga Pattana Taluk, Mandya – 571 477

Approved by AICTE, New Delhi,

Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi & Recognized by Government of Karnataka

Lecture Notes on
Basic Surveying- 18CV35
(2019-20)

Prepared by
Shankare Gowda
Pradeep B
Manoj B. R

Department of Civil Engineering

 Maharaja Education Trust (R), Mysuru
Maharaja Institute of Technology Mysore
Belawadi, Sriranga Pattana Taluk, Mandya – 571 477

Vision
“To be recognized as a premier technical and management institution promoting extensive
education fostering research, innovation and entrepreneurial attitude"
.
Mission
➢ To empower students with indispensable knowledge through dedicated teaching and
collaborative learning.
➢ To advance extensive research in science, engineering and management disciplines.
➢ To facilitate entrepreneurial skills through effective institute - industry collaboration and
interaction with alumni.
➢ To instill the need to uphold ethics in every aspect.
➢ To mould holistic individuals capable of contributing to the advancement of the society.
 Maharaja Education Trust (R), Mysuru
Maharaja Institute of Technology Mysore
Belawadi, Sriranga Pattana Taluk, Mandya – 571 477

Department Of Civil Engineering

Vision

To be recognized as numero uno in the field of civil engineering education,

research and an imparter of enterprising skills.

Mission

➢ To facilitate technical ingenuity through proficient teaching learning processes

that inspires self learning.
➢ To enhance collaborative growth in research and consultancy and deliver solutions
to meet the societal needs.
➢ To instill students with communicati on and professional skills to foster industry -
academia interaction that propels entrepreneurial attitude.
 Maharaja Education Trust (R), Mysuru
Maharaja Institute of Technology Mysore
Belawadi, Sriranga Pattana Taluk, Mandya – 571 477

Program Outcomes

1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering

fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.
2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics,
natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and
design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.
4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and research
methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of
the information to provide valid conclusions.
5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern
engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering activities
with an understanding of the limitations.
6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess
societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to
the professional engineering practice.
7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering
solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need
for sustainable development.
8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and
norms of the engineering practice.
9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader
in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the
engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write
effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive
clear instructions.
11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and
leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
12. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage
in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.
 Maharaja Education Trust (R), Mysuru
Maharaja Institute of Technology Mysore
Belawadi, Sriranga Pattana Taluk, Mandya – 571 477
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Date:29.07.2019
COURSE OVERVIEW

Subject: Basic Surveying Subject Code:18CV35

Course Overview: The fundamental objective of land surveying is to prepare a plan or map
of an area. The map thus prepared serves as the primary source of information about the
surface of the earth for further engineering works. The data required for making of a map
gets collected through field surveying. The planning and design of all Civil Engineering
projects such as construction of highways, bridges, tunnels, dams etc. are based upon
surveying measurements. Moreover, during execution, project of any magnitude is
constructed along the lines and points established by surveying. Thus, surveying is a basic
requirement for all Civil Engineering projects.

From the control point in association with the base line, a number of intervisible points are
selected such that on joining these points well shaped triangles are required to be formed.
These triangles carry forward points whose geographical positions are calculated from the
measurements (horizontal distance, horizontal angles) taken from the network of triangles.
The calculated parameters undergo further adjustment by satisfying the geometrical
conditions associated with the parameters as well as with figures. This helps in minimization
of errors which may creep in further surveying operation. Inside the big triangles formed by
widely spaced control points, network of smaller triangles get established. This process gets
repeated materializing the basic principle of surveying "to work from whole to part". Thus
the entire area to be surveyed gets covered with network of triangles.

The detail surveying is then carried out within the smallest triangle. During surveying,
measurements (distance, direction, angles, height etc.) for important objects/ points are
taken. The measurements are then used for necessary calculations and adjustments resulting
in identification and finding positions (with respect to standard reference) of salient objects.
Then objects are graphically represented in a rectangular coordinate system for depicting
planimetric position. Terrain height is depicted by using contours at regular interval. The
identification of objects are depicted using conventional symbols and colours.
Course Objectives:

This course will enable students to

1. Understand the basic principles of Surveying
2. Learn Linear and Angular measurements to arrive at solutions to basic surveying
problems.
3. Employ conventional surveying data capturing techniques and process the data for
computations.
4. Analyze the obtained spatial data to compute areas and volumes and draw contours to
represent 3D data on plane figures.

Modules Teaching Hours

Module 1
Introduction:
Definition of surveying, Objectives and importance of surveying.
Classification of surveys. Principles of surveying. Units of
measurements, Surveying measurements and errors, types of errors,
precision and accuracy. Classification of maps, map scale,
conventional symbols, topographic maps, map layout, Survey of India
Map numbering systems.
10 Hours
Measurement of Horizontal Distances:
Measuring tape and types. Measurement using tapes, Taping on level
ground and sloping ground. Errors and corrections in tape
measurements, ranging of lines, direct and indirect methods of
ranging, Electronic distance measurement, basic principle. Booking of
tape survey work, Field book, entries, Conventional symbols,
Obstacles in tape survey, Numerical problems.
Module 2
Measurement of Directions and Angles:
Compass survey:
Basic definitions; meridians, bearings, magnetic and True bearings.
Prismatic and surveyor’s compasses, temporary adjustments,
declination. Quadrantal bearings, whole circle bearings, local
attraction and related problems. 10 Hours

Traversing:
Traverse Survey and Computations: Latitudes and departures,
rectangular coordinates, Traverse adjustments, Bowditch rule and
transit rule, Numerical Problems.
Module 3
Leveling:
Basic terms and definitions, Methods of leveling, Dumpy level, auto
level, digital and laser levels. Curvature and refraction corrections. 10 Hours
Booking and reduction of levels. Differential leveling, profile
leveling, fly leveling, check leveling, reciprocal leveling.
Module 4
Plane Table Surveying:

Plane table and accessories, Advantages and limitations of plane table

survey, Orientation and methods of orientation, Methods of plotting – 10 Hours
Radiation, Intersection, Traversing, Resection method, Two point and
three point problems, Solution to two point problem by graphical
method, Solution to three point problem Bessel’s graphical method,
Errors in plane table survey.

Module 5
Areas and Volumes:
Measurement of area – by dividing the area into geometrical figures,
area from offsets, mid ordinate rule, trapezoidal and Simpson’s one
third rule, area from co-ordinates, introduction to planimeter, digital 10 Hours
planimeter. Measurement of volumes-trapezoidal and prismoidal
formula.
Contouring
Contours, Methods of contouring, Interpolation of contours, contour
gradient, characteristics of contours and uses.

Course Outcomes:

CO1: Comprehend and apply the fundamental principles of Geodetics.

CO2: Apply principles of geodetics to measure linear and angular dimensions in horizontal
and vertical planes to arrive at solutions to basic surveying problems.
CO3: Analyze the survey problems by using geodetic data.
CO4: Evaluate the geodetic data in computation of areas of irregular boundaries, volume of
embankment and capacity of reservoir.

Mr. Pradeep B Mr. Manoj B. R Mr. Shankaregowda

Faculty Course Coordinator

Approval of the course overview by

Mr. Avinash Gornale Mr. Chandrashekar M Dr. C. Ramakrishengowda

Facilitator NBA coordinator HOD

 Maharaja Education Trust (R), Mysuru
Maharaja Institute of Technology Mysore
Belawadi, Sriranga Pattana Taluk, Mandya – 571 477

Department Of Civil Engineering

Index

Subject: Basic Surveying Subject Code:18CV35

SL. No. Contents File Name Page No.
Introduction and Measurement of Horizontal
1 MODULE_1 1-31
Distances
2 Measurement of Directions and Angles MODULE_2 1-14
MODULE_3(LEVELLING) ;
3 Levelling 1-14;1-16
MODULE_3_problems
4 Plane Table Surveying MODULE_4 1-13
5 Areas, Volumes and Contouring MODULE_5 1-23