2021 (R3) !

120 150

a b
C y = x 2 + ax + b
y=-x 2 x -1 x 0
x 0 x 1
(1) ( a , b)
(2) C

(1)
y = x 2 + ax + b
y = -x 2
x
2
f0 x 1 = 2x + ax + b = 0
f0 0 1 = b 0
-1
0 x
x 0
1 }C f0 1 1 = 2+a+b
f0 -1 1 = 2-a+b
0
0

( a , b)

b =-a -2 b = a -2

-2 2

-2

(2)
C y = x 2 + ax + b (x , y ) (a , b )
b = -xa+y-x 2
(a , b ) (a , b ) (x , y )
C
 ab (x , y )

-x
( ) -x ) 0 x(0
a) -x ) 1 x ( -1
a -2 2
y y
b=0 a= -x + -2 -x 2 + x 2 +2x y x 2 -2x
x x
b) 0 ( -x 1 -1 x (0
b = -a-2 -2 a 0
y-x 2 +2
-2 0 + -2x+2 y-x 2 +2 0 + x 2 -2 y x 2 -2x
x- 1
( ) -x 0 x 0
a) -x ( -1 x)1
a -2 2
y y
b=0 a= -x + -2 -x 2 + x 2 -2x y x 2 +2x
x x
b) -1 -x 0 0 x 1
b = a-2 0 a 2
y -x 2 +2
0 2 +0 y-x 2 +2 2x+2 + x 2 -2 y x 2 +2x
x+ 1
C

y = x 2 -2 x y = x 2 +2 x
y

y = x 2 +2 x

y = x 2 -2 x

-1 1

-2
0 2 x
-2 y = x 2 -2

(1)
2
(2)

0a , b 1 a b y = x 2 + ax + b
a b
 (x , y ) a b b = -xa+y-x 2

0a , b 1 (x , y ) 0a , b 1
(x , y ) C
-x

a b c f0 z 1 = az 2 + bz + c i
(1)
a b c f0 0 1 = a f0 1 1 = b f0 i 1 = c a b c
a b c
(2)
f0 0 1 f0 1 1 f0 i 1 1 2 f0 2 1

(1)
f0 0 1 = c = a
f0 1 1 = a b c=a b a=b +a b=b a
f0 i 1 = -a bi c = -a bi a = c + -a bi = c a
1 1
b= (b c 2a) (1 i) a = {(b c) (b c 2a) i }
2 2
(2)
f0 2 1 = 4a 2b c = 2{(b c) (b c 2a) i }+(b c 2a) (1 i)+ a
= 2 (b c)+( b c 2a)+a + {2(b c 2a)-(b c 2a)}i
= (3b-c-a) + (b c 2a)i = x + y i
x = -a+3b-c y= 2a+b c
a 2x-y = 5b-3c
1(a b c(2 -1 ( 5b-3c (7
+ -1 ( 2x-y ( 7 + 2x-7 ( y ( 2x+1
b x-3y = 5a-4c
x x
-3 ( x-3y ( 6 + -2 ( y ( +1
3 3
c x+y = -3a+4b
-2(x+y(5 + -x-2 ( y ( -x+5

f0 2 1
 y
y =2 x +1
y =-x +5
y =2 x -7

y =-x -2
2
1

y=
x
+1 -1 0 3 4 x
3
-2
x
y= -2
3

(2) f0 2 1 = (3b-c-a) + (b c 2a)i = x + y i

f0 2 1 x y a b c 1(a b c(2
(x , y )
a( x , y ) b( x , y ) c(x , y ) 1 ( a( x , y ) b(x , y ) c(x , y ) ( 2
(x , y ) a b c x y
a b c
(x , y )
g1 0 x , y, b, c 1 =0 g2 0 x , y, c, a 1 =0 g2 0 x , y, a, b 1 =0
1(a b c(2 2
1(b c(2 (5%1-3%2) ( 5b-3c ((5%2-3%1)
. -1 ( 5b-3c (7

f0 2 1 = z = x+y i = 0 x , y 1 = az 1 + bz 2 + cz 3
= a 0 -1 , - 2 1 + b 0 3 , 1 1 + c 0 -1 , 1 1
= (-a+3b-c -2a+b+c ) 1 ( a b c ( 2
a=1 or 2 b = 1 or 2 c = 1 or 2 (-a+3b-c -2a+b+c ) 8
8 (a b c ) 0x , y 1
(1 1 1 ) . (1 , 0 ) (2 1 1 ) . (0 , -2 ) (1 2 1 ) . (4 , 1 ) (1 1 2 ) . (0 , 1 )
(2 2 1 ) . (3 , -1) (1 2 2 ) . (3 , 2 ) (2 1 2 ) . (-1 , -1) (2 2 2 ) . (2 , 0)
8

0x , y 1
0 x , y 1 = a 0 -1 , - 2 1 + b 0 3 , 1 1 + c 0 -1 , 1 1 1(a b c(2
a b c
 0x 1 , y 1 1 = a 0 -1 , - 2 1 + c 0 -1 , 1 1 1(a c(2

0x 1 , y 1 1 a = 1, 2 c=1,2 4
1%0 -1 , - 2 1 + 1% 0 -1 , 1 1 = (-2 , -1)
1%0 -1 , - 2 1 + 2% 0 -1 , 1 1 = (-3 , 0)
2%0 -1 , - 2 1 + 1% 0 -1 , 1 1 = (-3 , -3)
2%0 -1 , - 2 1 + 2% 0 -1 , 1 1 = (-4 , -2)
0 x , y 1 = 0x 1 , y 1 1 + b 0 3 , 1 1 1(b(2
4 b=1 2 8
(-2 , -1) +1% 0 3 , 1 1 = (1 , 0 ) (-2 , -1) + 2 0 3 , 1 1 = (4 , 1 )
(-3 , 0)+ 1% 0 3 , 1 1 = ( 0 , 1 ) (-3 , -0)+ 2 0 3 , 1 1 = ( 3 , 2 )
(-3 , -3)+ 1%0 3 , 1 1 = ( 0 , -2 ) (-3 , -3)+ 2 0 3 , 1 1 = ( 3 , -1 )
(-4 , -2)+ 1% 0 3 , 1 1 = (-1 , -1 ) (-4 , -2)+ 2 0 3 , 1 1 = (2 , 0 )
0x , y 1
y

0x 1 , y 1 1
2
b 03 , 1 1 . 1
0x , y 1
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 x
-1

-2
-3

x
f0 x 1 = 2
x +3
y = f0 x 1 C A (1 , f0 1 1 ) C l y = g0 x 1
(1) C l A x
1

Q
2
(2) (1) x a 6 f0 x 1 - g0 x 1 7 dx
a

(1)
3- x 2 1 1
f -0x 1 = f -0 1 1 = f0 1 1 =
0 x + 31
2 2 8 4
1 1 1
A (1 , f0 1 1 ) C y-f0 1 1 = y- = (x-1) + l y = g0 x 1 = ( x+1)
4 8 8
x 1
f0 x 1 = g0 x 1 = (x+1) + x 3 +x 2 -5x+3 = (x-1)2 (x+3) = 0
x +32 8

C l A x -3
(2)
1 1

Q Q
2 2 2
a
6 f0 x 1 - g0 x 1 7 dx =
-3
6f 0 x 1 - 2f0 x 1g0 x 1 + g 0 x 1 7dx
x2
Q f 2 0 x 1 dx =
Q 0x + 31
2 2
dx

p p
x = U 3 tan h dx = U 3 (1+tan 2 h )dh x = 1 . h = x = -3 . h = -
6 3
x2 tan 2 h 0 1 + tan 2 h 1 tan 2 h
dx = U dh = U
3 3
Q 0x +31
2 2 3 Q 0tan h + 11
2 2 3 Q 01 + tan h 1
2
dh

= U U 3 1 1 - cos 2 x dx = U 3 h - 1 sin 2h +Const.

3
Q sin h dh = Q 8 9
2
3 3 2 0 1 6 2

p
x2
dx = U = U
8 -U + -U
9 = U p-
1 3 1 6
3 p 3 p 3 3 1
Q -3
0 x 2
+ 31
2 6 <
h - sin 2h
2 = p
-3
6 6 4 3 4 12 4

1 x0 x + 1 1
2f0 x 1 g0 x 1 =
4 x2 +3
x0 x + 1 1 x 3 x 3
Q x 2 +3
dx =
Q8 1+
x +3
- 22
x +3
dx=x+ 2
x +3
dx- 2
x +3
dx
9 Q Q
x 1
Q x + 3 dx = 2 log x +3 +Const.
2
2

3 1
x = U 3 tan h
Q x + 3 dx = 3Q x + 3 dx = U 3 Q dh = h+Const.
2 2

p
1
-U
1 3
< =
1 1 1 x0x+1 1 1 6

Q -3
2f0 x 1g0 x 1dx =
4 Q -3
2
x +3
dx =
4
x + log x 2 + 3
2 -3 4
h
45 -p
3

1+log 2 + 3-log2 - log3 - U -U

1 1 3p log3 3p
=
4 8 2 8
= 1-
8 8 9
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Q g 20 x 1dx =
Q 4 5
2 3
64 0 x + 1 1 dx = 64 3 0 x + 1 1 =
12
-3 -3 -3

1 1
U3 1 log3 U3 p 1
Q Q
2 2
6 f0 x 1 - g0 x 1 7 dx = 6 f0 x 1 - g0 x 1 7 dx = 12 p - 4 -1+ 8 + 8 + 12
a -3

= U p+
5 3 log3 7
-
24 8 6

(1)
(2)
x

x = asin h x = atan h

(1) K L A B KA = LB K 4 L
4 A 4 B 4
(2) a b a b A = 4a+1 C 4b+1 B = a C b
KA = LB K L
(3) a b (2) a- b 2 4a+1 C 4b+1 4 a Cb
4
(4) 2021C 37 4

(1)
KA = LB KA 6 LB (mod 4)
K L K 4 L 4
K 6 L (mod 4) ' 0 , 2 LKA 6 KLB (mod 4) + LKA 6 LKB (mod 4)
KA 6 KB (mod 4) + A 6 B (mod 4)

(2)
4a + 1 1 0 4a 1 0 4 a - 1 1 0 4a - 2 1 0 4a - 4 b + 1 1
4a+1 C 4b+1 = 0
0 4b + 1 104b 10 4b - 1 104b - 2 1% % 2 % 1
4
4a 40 a - 1 1 40 a - 2 1 4 a - b + 2 1 40 a - b + 1 1
4a+1 C 4b+1 = % % % % 0 %
4b 40 b - 1 1 40 b - 2 1 4%2 4%1
4a + 1 4a - 1 4a - 2 4a - 3 4a - 5 4a - 6 4a - 4b + 2 4a - 4b + 1
% % % % % % % % %
4b + 1 4b - 1 4b - 2 4b - 3 4b - 5 4b - 6 2 1
4a + 1 4a - 1 2a - 1 4a - 3 4a - 5 2a - 3 2a - 2b + 1 4a - 4b + 1
=a C b% % % % % % % % %
4b + 1 4b - 1 2b - 1 4b - 3 4b - 5 2b - 3 1 1

L = 0 4a +1 1 0 4a -1 1 0 2a -1 1 0 4a -3 1 0 4a -5 1 0 2a -3 1 % %0 4a -4 b +3 1 0 2a -2 b +1 1 0 4a -4 b +1 1
K = 0 4b + 1 1 0 4b - 1 1 0 2b - 1 1 0 4b - 3 1 0 4b - 5 1 0 2b - 3 1 % %3%1%1
L
K L 4a+1 C 4b+1 = a C b%
K
KA = LB K L
(3)
m 4a-m 6 4b-m (mod 4 )
a- b 2
a- b 6 0 (mod 2) + 2 (a- b ) 6 0 (mod 4 ) + 2a 6 2b (mod 4 )
n 2a-n 6 2b-n (mod 4 )
(2) L K (4a-m) (4b-m) (2a-n) (2b-n)
L 6 K (mod 4 )
(1) A 6 B (mod 4 )
4a+1 C 4b+1 4 a Cb 4
(4)
2021 = 4%505+1 37 = 4%9 +1 (3) 2021C 376505 C 9 (mod 4 )
505 = 4%126+1 9 = 4%2+1 (3) 505 C 9 6 126 C 2 (mod 4 )
126 125 1
126 C 2 = = %126%125 = (4%15+3)% (4%31+1) 6 3%1 = 3
2! 2
3

(1)

a6c (mod m) b6d (mod m) . ab6cd (mod m)

K (mod 4) = r L (mod 4) = s K L r s 1 3
k l 0 K = 4k + r L = 4l + s
A (mod 4) = p B (mod 4) = q A = 4m + p B = 4n + q
m n 0 p q 0 1 2 3
m=0 p=0 n=0 q=0
KA = (4k + r)(4m + p) = 4 (4km + kp + mr) + pr
LB = (4l + s)(4n + q) = 4 (4ln + lq + ns) + qs
KA = LB pr 6 qs (mod 4) r = s ( ' 0) p 6 q (mod 4) +p=q
K 4 L 4 A 4 B
4
(2)
4a+1 C 4b+1 a Cb
(3)
(2) L K
a6c (mod m) b6d (mod m) . ab6cd (mod m)
 a 0(h(p h f0 h 1 2 A (-a , -3 )
P (h+sin h , cos h ) AP 2
(1) 0 h p f -0 h 1 = 0 h
(2) a
p
0(h(p h f0 h 1 0 h
2

(1)
f0 h 1 = ( h+sin h +a ) 2 + ( cos h +3 ) 2
= sin2 h +2 ( a+h)sin h +(a+h)2 +cos 2 h +6cos h +9
= ( a+h)2 +2 (a+h)sin h +6cos h +10
f -0 h 1 = 2 (a+h) +2 sin h +2 (a+h)cos h -6sin h = 2 ( a+h)(1+cos h )- 4sin h
f --0 h 1 = 2 {1-cos h -(a+h)sin h } f ---0 h 1 = 2 {sin h -sin h -(a+h)cos h } = -2 (a+h)cos h
0 h p a 0 a+h 0 f --0 h 1

p
h 0 2 p
f ---0 h 1 - 0 +
f -- 0 h1 0 <0 4

p
f --0 h 1 c p c f --0 c 1 = 0
2
f -0 h 1 0 h0 c p h0 f - 0h 0 1 = 0
0 h p f -0 h 1 = 0 h

h 0 c p
f -- 0 h1 0 - 0 +
f -0 h 1 4a <0 0

(2)
f0 h 1 h = h0
2sin h 0
f -0h 0 1 = 2 (a+h0 )(1+cos h 0 )- 4sin h 0 = 0 + a = - h0
cos h 0 + 1
da 2 + 2cos h0 1 - cos h 0
h0 a = -1=
dh 0 0 cos h 0 +11
2 1 + cos h 0

p
a h0 a 0 h0
2
p p
0 h0 0 a 2-
2 2
 h 0 h0 p
f -0 h 1 4a + 0 -
f0 h1 0

p
h0 0 2
da/dh 0 0 + 1
p
a 0 2-
2

(1)
f -0 h 1 = 2 (a+h) +2 sin h +2 (a+h)cos h -6sin h = 2 (a+h)cos h - 4sin h +2 ( a+h)
2sin h
= 2 (cos h + 1) 0 a + h1 -
>
cos h + 1 ?
2sin h
0 h p (cos h + 1) 0 f -0 h 1 = 0 C a+h =
cos h + 1
2sin h
g0 h 1 = a+h h0 h 1 = s0 h 1 = g0 h 1 -h0 h 1
cos h + 1
2sin h
s0 0 1 = a 0 lim s0 h 1 = lim 6 g0 h 1 - h0 h 1 7 = a + p - lim
h .p h .p h .p cos h + 1
2sin h
lim =* lim s0 h 1 = -*
h .p cos h + 1 h .p

2cos h 0 cos h + 1 1 + 2sin 2 h 2 + 2cos h cos h - 1

s -0 h 1 = 6 g0 h1 - h0 h 1 7 - = 1- =1- = 0
0 cos h + 1 1
2
0 cos h + 1 1
2 cos h +1
s0 h 1 = g0 h 1 -h0 h 1 s0 0 1 = a 0 lim s0 h 1 = -*
h .p

2sin h
s0 h 1 = g0 h 1 -h0 h 1 = ( a+h ) - 0 h p s0 h 1 =0
cos h + 1
h
(2)
2sin h
f -0 h 1 = 2 (cos h + 1) 0 a + h1 -
>
cos h + 1 ? = 2 (cos h + 1)s0h 1
h= c s0 c 1 = 0 f0 h 1 h=c
f0 h 1
2sin c 2sin c da 2 + 2cos c 1 - cos c
a+c = a= -c = -1=
cos c + 1 cos c + 1 dc 0 cos c + 1 1
2 1 + cos c
p p
a 0 c 0 a 2-
2 2
 h 0 c p
s0 h 1 a + 0 - -*
f -0 h 1 4a + - 0
f0 h1 0
0

p
c 0 2
da/dc 0 + 1
0 p
a 2-
2

0 h p f -0 h 1 = 0
h
2sin h
lim =*
h .p cos h + 1
p-h = d 0
2sin h 2sin 0 p - d 1 2sin d
lim = lim = lim
h .p cos h + 1 d.0 cos 0p - d 1 + 1 d.0 1 - cos d

d d d d
sin d = 2sin cos cos d = 1-2sin2 + 1-cos d = 2sin2
2 2 2 2
d d d
4sin cos 2cos
2sin d 2 2 2
lim = lim = lim =*
d.0 1 - cos d d .0 d d.0 d
2 sin2 sin
2 2

b c p q r
x + bx + c = (x 2 +px+q ) (x 2 -px+r)
4

x
(1) p ' 0 q r p b
(2) p ' 0 b c a
3
b = ( a 2 + 1 ) (a + 2 ) c = - a+
8 4 9 ( a2 + 1 )

t f0 t 1 g0 t1
2 2 4 2
{ p - ( a + 1 ) } {p + f0 a 1 p + g0 a 1 } = 0

(3) a x 4
3
x 4 +(a 2 + 1 ) (a + 2 )x- a +
8 9 (a
2
+1)
4
2 a
(1)
(x 2 +px+q ) (x 2 -px+r ) = x 4 + ( r + q -p 2 )x 2 + ( pr -pq )x+qr = x 4 + bx + c
r + q -p 2 = 0 + r + q = p 2
b
pr -pq = b + r - q =
p
1 2 b 1 2 b
r=
2 8
p +
p 9 q=
2 8
p -
p 9
(2)
b2
8 9
1
(1) c = qr = p 4- 2 p 6 - 4cp 2 -b 2 = 0
4 p
3
b = ( a 2 + 1 ) (a + 2 ) c = - a +
8 9 (a
2
+1)
4
3
p6 + 4 a +
8 4 9 ( a 2 + 1 )p 2 - ( a 2 + 1 )2 (a + 2 )2 = 0

{p 2 - ( a 2 + 1 ) } {p 4 + ( a 2 + 1 )p 2 + ( a 2 + 1 ) (a + 2 )2 } = 0
{p 2 - ( a 2 + 1 ) } {p 4 + f0 a 1 p 2 + g0 a 1 } = 0 t f0 t 1 g0 t1
2 2 2
f0 t1 = t + 1 g0 t1 = (t + 1 ) (t + 2 )
(3)
( )p=0
x 4 + bx + c = (x 2 +px+q ) (x 2 -px+r) = ( x 2 +q ) (x 2 +r) = x 4 + (q +r )x 2 +qr
b = q +r = 0 c = qr
b = (a 2 + 1 ) (a + 2 ) = 0 + a = -2
3 25
qr = -q 2 = - a +
8 4 9 (a 2 + 1 ) =
4
q r

a = -2 2
( )p'0
x 4 + bx + c = (x 2 +px+q ) ( x 2 -px+r)
1 2 b 1 2 b
>
= x 2 + px +
2 8
p -
p 9? > x 2 - px +
2 8
p +
p 9?
2
b 2 Cp
(2) {p 2 - ( a 2 + 1 ) } {p 4 + 0a 2 + 11 p 2 + 0a 2 + 11 0a + 2 1 2 } = 0
p'0 {p 4 + 0a 2 + 11 p 2 + 0a 2 + 11 0a + 2 1 2 } 0
p2 - ( a 2 + 1 ) = 0
m
p p= m n m n
n
m 2 m 2
p2 =
8 9
n
= a 2 + 1 (a 2 + 1)
8 9 n
m n
 m
8 9
2
n=1 m 2 = p 2 = (a 2 + 1 ) + (p+a)(p-a)=1
n
+ (p+a, p-a) = (1 , 1 ) (-1 , -1 ) a=0

3 3 1 3
8
x 4 +(a 2 + 1 ) (a + 2 )x- a +
4 9 ( a 2 + 1 )= x 4 +2 x-
4 8
= x 2+x-
2 98
x 2-x+
2 9
2

(1) (2) (3) p=0 p'0

(3) 2 Cp p a
(2) p 6 a

2 (1) (2)

2
2

(2) (3)
 80 100

a C y = ax 3 - 2x 1
C 6 a

(1)
C y = ax 3 - 2x
1 x 2 +y 2 = 1
1-x 2 = (ax 3 - 2x)2
1 x 1 y
6 C 6
t = x2
f0 t1 = a 2 t 3-4at 2+5t-1 = 0
x 6 t 3
t 3
f0 0 1 = -1 0
t 3 C f0 t1 t
1 5
f -0 t 1 = 3a 2 t 2-8at+5 = 0 t t=
a 3a

1 5
t 0 a 3a
f -0 t 1 + 0 - 0 +
f0 t1 -1

f0 t1 3
1 3 1 2

8 9 8 9 8 9 8 9 0
1 1
f = a2 -4a +5 -1 +a 2
a a a a
5 5 3 2

8 9 8 9 8 9 8 a 9-1
5 2 5 50
f =a -4a +5 0 +a
3 a 3 a 3 a 3 27
50
a 2
27

6 6 3 3
 N 5 1 2N N 1
S S

S 2 1
S N-2 1

2 k k l
{ l, l +1, , l + k -1 } { 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10 } 3
{ 1, 2, 3 } { 7, 8, 9 } { 8, 9, 10 }
(1) 1
(2) 2

(1)
(1, 2) (3, 4) (5, 6) , (2N-1, 2N)
2 (a) * 2 1

(b) 1 4

2 1
1 (N-1)
2
(N-1)+1 = N

2N
N
1 2 3 4 5 6 !!!! N -1 !!!! !!!! 2N-1
* * * * * * * *
(a)

2N
N
1 2 3 4 5 6 !!!! N -1 !!!! !!!! 2N-1

(b) * * * * * * * *

(2)

( ) N 1
( ) N-1
1
{k k+1 k+2 ... N+k-2 } N-1
k=1 2 1 j
 {1 2 ... N-2 N-1 j } N+1 ( j ( 2N N
3 ( k ( N+2
{1 k k+1 ... N+k-2 } k 1 . N
N+N = 2N
( ) N-2
N-2 1
{1 2 ... N-3 N-2 i j} i j N(i j ( 2N
N+ 1 1N
N+1 i j 2 N+1 C2 = 0
2
1 N-2 {k k+1 ... N+k-4 N+k-3 }
3 ( k ( N+3 2
k=3 {1 3 4 ... N-1 N j } N+2 ( j ( 2N j N-1
4 ( k ( N+2
{1 j k k+1 k+2 ... N+k-3 } 2 ( j ( k-2
{1 k k+1 k+2 ... N+k-3 j } N+k-1( j ( 2N
j N-1 1 N-1 C 1 = N-1
3 ( k ( N+2
k N 1 (N-1)%N= N 2-N
k = N+3 {1 j N+3 N+4 ... 2N } 2 ( j ( N+1
j N 1 N C1 = N
N-2
2
0 N+ 1 1N +N 2-N+N = N + 3N
2 2
( ) ( ) ( )
N + 3N 2 3N 2 + 5 N+ 2 3N+ 2 10 N+ 1 1
1+2N+ = = 0
2 2 2

(1) (k k+1) k+1

(2) N N-2 1
N N-1 N-2
 a b
C y = x 2 + ax + b
y=-x 2 x -1 x 0
x 0 x 1
(1) ( a , b)
(2) C

(1) K L A B KA = LB K 4 L
4 A 4 B 4
(2) a b a b A = 4a+1 C 4b+1 B = a C b
KA = LB K L
(3) a b (2) a- b 2 4a+1 C 4b+1 4 a Cb
4
(4) 2021C 37 4

3 6 x 2 3
3

(1)

230610