Permanent Maxillari Canine

By
Dr. Abhishek Solanki

Introduction
 Canines are very long and stable teeth
 There are 4 canines (2 Maxillary & 2 Mandibular) placed

at corner of mouth & hence called ‘corner stones’ of the
dentition
 Single pointed cusp present so also called cuspids
 The canine's role in mastication is mainly tearing, which

is intermediate between incising of anterior teeth &
grinding of the posterior teeth
 Arch position - The permanent maxillary canine replaces
deciduous maxillary canine & is located 3rd from midline
in each maxillary quadrant
 Mesial contact : Maxillary lateral incisor
 Distal contact : Maxillary first premolar

Tooth Numbering Systems
 UNIVERSAL SYSTEM - 6,11
 ZSIGMONDY / PALMER - 33
 FDI SYSTEM - 13, 23

Chronology
 First evidence of calcification : 4-5 months
 Enamel completed : 6-7 yr
 Eruption : 11-12yrs
 Root completed : 13-15yrs
Average Dimension (in mm)
Crown Length 10
Root Length 17
Mesiodistal Diameter at Contact Area 7.5
Mesiodistal Diameter at Cervical Lines 5.5
Labiolingual Diameter at Crest of Curvature 08
Labiolingual Diameter at Cervical Lines 07
Curvature of Cervical Line : Mesial 2.5
Curvature of Cervical Line : Distal 1.5
Labial Aspect
• The crown of maxillary canine is narrower
mesiodistally than that of maxillary central incisor
 It has two slopes (cusp ridges), the mesial slope

being shorter than the distal slope
 The labial surface is smooth and bulky in the

middle because of the labial ridge
 Imbrication lines can often be found in cervical
3rd of the facial surface : “Lines of Pickerell”
 Mesial outline : usually convex & rounded

mesioincisal angle
 Height of contour (mesial margin) : at contact

area (junction of incisal & middle thirds)
 Distal margin : Shorter than the mesial margin &
also has a more rounded incisal angle
 Height of contour : at contact area (middle 3rd)
 Incisal margin - divided into two components by tip

of cusp & are termed the mesioincisal and
distoincisal slopes (or mesial & distal cusp ridges)
 Labial surface is convex in all directions, but curvature is
more pronounced mesiodistally
 General outline of the surface is pentagonal
 Incisal aspect has a large cusp with a pointed cusp tip
Labial ridge
Distal cusp
ridge Cusp Mesial Cusp
Labial aspect Ridge
tip
Lingual Aspect
 Crown and root are narrower lingually
 Cingulum is well developed, large & sometimes

pointed like a cusp
 Cervical line curves asymmetrically toward the

apex with a slight offset to the distal
 A well developed lingual ridge is seen which divides
mesial & distal lingual fossae
 Heavy marginal ridges are associated with well formed

cingulum and fossae
CL : Cervical line
C : Cingulum
MMR : mesial marginal ridge
DMR : distal marginal ridge
LR : lingual ridge
DLF : distolingual fossa
Mesial Aspect
 From the mesial aspect canine looks similar but bulkier
than maxillary central incisor
 Maxillary canine is the widest anterior tooth labiolingually
 The cervical line curvature is towards incisally
 The contact area is near the junction of the incisal and

middle third
Distal Aspect
 Distal surface is very similar to the mesial surface
 The cervical line exhibits less curvature
 The distal surface is generally smaller, with resultant

shorter labial and lingual margins.
 Height of contour is located at a more cervical level.
 The contact are is near the middle third

Incisal Aspect
 The labiolingual dimension is greater than the mesiodistal
dimension
 Maxillary canine is generally convex in both its labial and

lingual outlines
 The cusp tip is labial to the centre of the crown

labiolingually and mesial to the centre mesiodistally
 The labial ridge and the cingulum are very noticeable

from this aspect
Incisal aspect
MLF, mesiolingual fossa;
MCR, mesial cusp ridge;
DCR, distal cusp ridge;
DLF, distolingual fossa;
C, cingulum
Root
 Only one
 Longest and strongest of all the teeth in the mouth
 Mesial & distal surfaces of root have developmental

depressions
 From all aspects, the root tapers gradually to a sharp, or

slightly blunted apex
 Wider labiolingually than mesiodistally
 Lingual and labial surfaces are convex

Mandibular Canine
Labial aspect Lingual aspect
Incisal aspect
Mesial aspect Distal aspect

Tooth Numbering Systems
 UNIVERSAL SYSTEM - 22,27
 ZSIGMONDY / PALMER - 33
 FDI SYSTEM - 33, 43
Chronology
 First evidence of calcification : 4-5 months
 Enamel completed : 6-7 yr
 Eruption : 9-10yrs
 Root completed : 12-14yrs
Average Dimensions in millimeters
Crown Length Root Mesiodistal Mesiodistal Labiolingual Labiolingual Curvature of Cervical
Length Diameter at Diameter at Diameter at Diameter at Line
Contact Area Cervical Line Crest of Curvature Cervical Line M D
11.0 16.0 7.0 5.5 7.5 7.0 2.5 1.0

Labial aspect
 Mandibular canines are similar to maxillary canines

except that they are slightly narrower mesiodistally
 Mesial outline of the crown is straight and inline with the

mesial outline of the root
 The mesial cusp ridge is smaller than the distal cusp

ridge
 Mesial outline : straight & obtuse mesioincisal angle
 Distal outline : convex & rounded distoincisal angle
 Incisal aspect : not sharp as max canine

Lingual aspect
 Mesial, distal, and incisal outlines - These margins mimic
those of the labial aspect
 Cingulum is less prominent and marginal ridges are less

distinct
Mesial and Distal aspects
 These aspects are very similar and the cervical line
curves more on the mesial aspect
 The contact area on mesial aspect is in the incisal third

and a little higher on the distal third
Incisal aspect
 Like maxillary canine the labiolingual dimension is more
than the mesiodistal dimension
 The cusp tip appears inclined in a lingual direction
Root
 The root is shorter by 1 or 2 mm than max. canine
 The developmental depression is more pronounced on

the lower canine
References
 CONCISE DENTAL ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY :
JAMES L FULLER
 DENTAL ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY & OCCLUSION:

WHEELER’S
 TEXTBOOK OF DENTAL ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY &

OCCLUSION: RASHMI GS (PHULARI)
 INTERNET

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By

Dr. Abhishek Solanki

 There are 4 canines (2 Maxillary & 2 Mandibular) placed

 Single pointed cusp present so also called cuspids

 The canine's role in mastication is mainly tearing, which

 Mesial contact : Maxillary lateral incisor

 Distal contact : Maxillary first premolar

 FDI SYSTEM - 13, 23

 It has two slopes (cusp ridges), the mesial slope

 The labial surface is smooth and bulky in the

 Mesial outline : usually convex & rounded

 Height of contour (mesial margin) : at contact

 Height of contour : at contact area (middle 3rd)

 Incisal margin - divided into two components by tip

 General outline of the surface is pentagonal

 Incisal aspect has a large cusp with a pointed cusp tip

 Cingulum is well developed, large & sometimes

 Cervical line curves asymmetrically toward the

 Heavy marginal ridges are associated with well formed

 Maxillary canine is the widest anterior tooth labiolingually

 The cervical line curvature is towards incisally

 The contact area is near the junction of the incisal and

 The cervical line exhibits less curvature

 The distal surface is generally smaller, with resultant

 Height of contour is located at a more cervical level.

 The contact are is near the middle third

 Maxillary canine is generally convex in both its labial and

 The cusp tip is labial to the centre of the crown

 The labial ridge and the cingulum are very noticeable

MCR, mesial cusp ridge;

DCR, distal cusp ridge;

DLF, distolingual fossa;

 Longest and strongest of all the teeth in the mouth

 Mesial & distal surfaces of root have developmental

 From all aspects, the root tapers gradually to a sharp, or

 Wider labiolingually than mesiodistally

 Lingual and labial surfaces are convex

Labial aspect Lingual aspect

Mesial aspect Distal aspect

11.0 16.0 7.0 5.5 7.5 7.0 2.5 1.0

 Mandibular canines are similar to maxillary canines

 Mesial outline of the crown is straight and inline with the

 The mesial cusp ridge is smaller than the distal cusp

 Distal outline : convex & rounded distoincisal angle

 Incisal aspect : not sharp as max canine

 Cingulum is less prominent and marginal ridges are less

 The contact area on mesial aspect is in the incisal third

 The cusp tip appears inclined in a lingual direction

 The developmental depression is more pronounced on

 DENTAL ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY & OCCLUSION:

 TEXTBOOK OF DENTAL ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY &

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