44 Permanent Mandibular 1st Premolar

Mandibular First Premolar
Dr. Snehashish Ghosh

Assistant Professor
Department of Oral Pathology
General features of Mandibular
premolars
 Mandibular:
 May have 2 or 3 cusps.
 Buccolingual and mesiodistal diameter almost equal.
 Crown lingually inclined.
 First Premolar
• Buccal cusp is long and sharp and is the only occluding cusp
• Occlusal surface slopes sharply lingually in a cervical direction
• Mesiobuccal cusp ridge is shorter than distobuccal cusp ridge
• Outline form of the occlusal aspect resembles the outline form of
incisal aspect of canine
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
 It is the 4th tooth from the midline in each
mandibular quadrant.
 It replaces the deciduous first molar
UNIVERSAL NUMBER:
 Mandibular right first premolar-#28
 Mandibular left first premolar-#21
FDI SYSTEM:
 Mandibular left premolar – 34
 Mandibular right first premolar – 44
PALMER-NOTATION SYSTEM:
 Mandibular right first premolar= 4
 Mandibular left first premolar= 4

DEVELOPMENT TABLE:
 Initiation of calcification-1 3/4 -

2 years
 Completion of enamel- 5-6 years
 Eruption -10-11 years
 Completion of root- 12-13 years
BUCCAL ASPECT
 Pentagonal in outline (bilaterally symmetrical)
 Middle buccal lobe forms a well-formed cusp
 Buccal surface is convex both occlusogingivally and
mesiodistally
 Buccal cusp tip is more pointed and buccal ridge is
prominent
 Mesial margin is straight or slightly concave from the
contact area to the cervical line. Contact area is at the
junction of middle and occlusal third.
 Distal outline is slightly concave above the cervical
line to the point where it is confluent with the
curvature describing the distal contact area
 Cervical line presents an even, slightly convex curve
towards the apex
 Mesial cusp ridge is shorter than the distal cusp ridge
 The tip of the buccal cusp is pointed and in most cases located a
little mesial to the center of the crown buccally.
 The root is 3-4 mm shorter than that of the mandibular canine,
although the buccal portion of the root bears a close resemblance
with mandibular canine
Lingual Aspect Of Mandibular
1 Premolar
st
1. Crown Shape:
Mandibular first
premolar crown tapers
(converges) to the lingual
(narrower on lingual
side that buccal)
Lingual Aspect
2. Cusp Size and Shape:
 Mandibular 1st
premolar lingual cusp is
small and pointed
M D The cervical portion of
the crown is narrow and
convex
 Most of the occlusal
surface can be seen from
Lingual Aspect
3. Marginal Ridges:
Occlusal surface slopes greatly
towards lingual in the cervical
direction
M D
Only tooth in the mouth
where the mesial marginal
ridge is more apical than the
distal marginal ridge
Lingual Aspect
4. Mesiolingual Groove:
 Frequently seen on
Mandibular 1st
premolar only(demarcation b/w
MB lobe and lingual lobe)
The crown and root taper
lingually, so most of the
proximal surfaces are visible
from this aspect
ROOT- Much narrower, a
narrow ridge smooth and
convex, throughout the
length of the root
MESIAL ASPECT
 Roughly rhomboidal in shape

 Buccal outline is generally convex, with
height of contour in the gingival third.
Tip of the buccal cusp is nearly centered
over the root.
 Lingual margin is less convex and much
shorter than the buccal outline. Crest of
curvature is in the middle-third of
crown.
 As crown is inclined lingually.

Mesial Aspect
2. Mesiolingual Groove:
 Often present on Mandibular 1st

premolar between the mesial
marginal ridge and the mesial slope
of the lingual cusp
 Not present on Mandibular 2nd

premolars
Proximal Aspect
3. Height of Contour:
 Mandibular 1st premolar
Buccal = cervical 1/3

Lingual = middle
1/3
Proximal Aspect
4. Cervical Lines: Mesi

al
 Both premolars have
greater curve on the
mesial than the
distal
Distal
DISTAL ASPECT
 There is a distal marginal groove
 Wider bucco-lingually than mesial side.
 Distal marginal ridge is higher above

the cervical line and does not have
extreme lingual slope of the mesial
marginal ridge.
Occlusal Aspect Of Mandibular
First Premolar
1. Outline:
– Have much variation in

occlusal morphology
– Outline is not
symmetrical
(more bulky on the distal)
M D
First Premolar
1. Outline:
– Often appears as if the mesial

side has been pushed inward
(mesiolingual corner)
M D
First Premolar
1. Outline:
– Tip of the buccal cusp

is near the center from
occlusal view
Buccal ridge is prominent
– Cusp ridges are nearly straight
M D
First Premolar
1. Outline:
– Crown is somewhat
diamond shaped
converging lingually
– Shape of crown is
asymmetrical M D
First Premolar
1. Outline:
– Mesial and distal

marginal ridges may
converge lingually
First Premolar
2. Ridges, Fossae, Grooves:
– Due to size of cusp, the

buccal triangular ridge
is long
– Joins the shorter
lingual triangular
ridge
– Often may meet smoothly and form a uninterrupted
transverse ridge
First Premolar
– The transverse ridge

may be crossed by
a shallow central
groove
extending from
mesial to distal fossa
First Premolar
– The grooves of the first premolar are fewer in

number, but may be deeper than those of the
second premolar (just like the maxillary)
First Premolar
– Possess a mesial
and distal fossa
D
– Both are circular,
not triangular and present
On the either side of the ridge
– Both possess pits
– Distal fossa is usually larger and/or deeper
ROOT
 Single, fairly straight, and it tapers from the cervical line to a

relatively sharp apex.
 Wider bucco-lingually than mesio-distally. Buccal & lingual

surfaces are convex while the mesial & distal surfaces are
slightly convex to flat and converge towards the lingual.
 Developmental depression is present on distal surface and

groove on mesial surface.
VARIATIONS & ANOMALIES
 Crown exhibits wide variation in form:
a. Absence of ML developmental groove.
b. 2 parallel ML developmental grooves.
c. Size of lingual cusp can be completely absent or

be nearly as large as buccal cusp.
 Root may display a bifurcation, thus creating buccal

& lingual root branches.
MANDIBULAR 1
ST
PREMOLAR

44 Permanent Mandibular 1st Premolar

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Mandibular First Premolar

Dr. Snehashish Ghosh

 Mandibular left first premolar= 4

 Initiation of calcification-1 3/4 -

2. Cusp Size and Shape:

 Roughly rhomboidal in shape

 As crown is inclined lingually.

 Often present on Mandibular 1st

 Not present on Mandibular 2nd

 Mandibular 1st premolar

Buccal = cervical 1/3

4. Cervical Lines: Mesi

 There is a distal marginal groove

 Wider bucco-lingually than mesial side.

 Distal marginal ridge is higher above

– Have much variation in

– Often appears as if the mesial

– Tip of the buccal cusp

– Mesial and distal

– Due to size of cusp, the

– The transverse ridge

2. Ridges, Fossae, Grooves:

– The grooves of the first premolar are fewer in

 Single, fairly straight, and it tapers from the cervical line to a

 Wider bucco-lingually than mesio-distally. Buccal & lingual

 Developmental depression is present on distal surface and

a. Absence of ML developmental groove.

b. 2 parallel ML developmental grooves.

c. Size of lingual cusp can be completely absent or

 Root may display a bifurcation, thus creating buccal

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