litrature
litrature
litrature
as members of a social group and participants in their culture express themselves.The functions of language
include communication, the expression of identity, play, imaginative expression, and emotional release.
Oral Language: The form of language, through which we express our thoughts and feelings verbally to
communicate with others, is called oral language.
Written Language: The form of language, through which we express our thoughts and feelings in writing to
communicate with others, is called written language.
Sign Language: The form of language through which we expresses our thoughts through signals to
communicate with others, is called sign language.
Development of Language in MP
The official language of India and Madhya Pradesh is Hindi which belongs to Indo- European family.Based on
the percentage of people speaking different languages in India, the Indo-European family is India's largest
language family. About 73% Indians speak languages of this family.Madhya Pradesh is a Hindi-speaking
state, where Hindi is the main medium of expression, with Bundeli, Malwi, Bagheli, Nimari and Brijbhasha
etc. as the major spoken dialects in different parts of state.Mixed forms of Hindi and Urdu are used in the
state capital Bhopal, Sirangan, Burhanpur, Kurwa etc and mixed forms of Bundalee and Bagheli are used in
Jabalpur district.
Sanskrit language is used in Mohad village under Kareli tehsil in Narsinghpur district of Madhya Pradesh.
The title of Part XVII of the Indian Constitution is the Official Language under which the instructions for the
development of Hindi language under the Union, States, Supreme and High Courts have been given from
Article 343 to 351.
Due to social and cultural diversity in Madhya Pradesh many types of dialects are spoken. The dialect is a
particular form of a language which is peculiar to a specific region or social group.
Bundeli
Bundeli or Bundelkhandi, is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Bundelkhand region of central India. A
descendant of the Sauraseni Apabhramsha language, Bundeli was classified under Western Hindi by George
Abraham Grierson in his Linguistic Survey of India.
Bundeli is spoken in Chhattarpur, Panna, Damoh, Sagar, Tikamgarh, Datia and Narsinghpur districts of
Madhya Pradesh. In addition, Bundeli is also spoken in border districts of Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh.
Some sub-dialects of Bundeli are Panwri, Laundhati and Khatoula whereas Bhadavari, Koshthi, Nibhatta and
Kundari are mixed forms of Bundeli.Bundeli is a rich dialect in terms of literature, many literary works were
produced in Bundeli Notable figures being Kesab Das of the 16th century, while Padmakar Bhatt and
Prajnes wrote several works during the 19h century.
The poet Mahesh Katare Sugam (Sagar) has compiled the Bundeli Dictionary. He was awarded with Sahitya
Akademi Award in 2017
Malwi
Malvi/Malwi, is a Rajasthani language spoken in the Malwa region. It is a descendant of the Sauraseni
Apabhramsha language. Malwi is originally related to Marwari region, whereas in terms of the word base it
is closely related to Bundeli, Gujaratiand Rajasthani
Dr. Dhirendra Verma referred Malwi as southern Rajasthani dialect, while according to Dr. Krishna Lal Hans
Malwi is Western Hindi in terms of phonetics and form.
Malvi is purely spoken in Indore, Ujjain, Dewas, Ratlam and Dhar, whereas in Hoshangabad, Guna, Neemuch,
Bhopalete Malvi is spoken in some changed form.
Bagheli
Bagheli is an independent dialect belonging to the Eastern Hindi subgroup (as per census of 2001). It is a
descendant of the Ardhamagdhi Apabhramsha language. Bagheli is majorly spoken in Sidhi, Satna, Rewa and
Shahdol districts in Madhya Pradesh.
Tirhari and garoha are the sub-dialects of Bagheli. It is also known as Baghelkhandi, Rimhi and Riwai.Dr. Shri
Niwas Shukla (Sidhi) has compiled Bagheli dictionary. In terms of literature, Bagheli has not received special
attention. yet in addition to Param Dharm Vijay and Vishwanath Prakash the works of Maharaj Vishwanath
Singh's, some folk songs and folk tales have also been crafted in Bagheli.. Bh
Nimadi
Nimari is an independent dialect belonging to the Western Hindi subgroup. It is a descendant of the
Sauraseni Apabhramsha language. Nimari was classified under Western Hindi by George Abraham Grierson
in his Linguistic Survey of India.
Go
Nimadi is spoken in Nimar region in Madhya Pradesh which is extended over Khandwa, Khargone, Barwani
and Dhar districts. Effects of Malwi, Marwari, Gujarati, Marathi are seen on Nimari.
Ko
There is enough creation of literary work in Nimadi dialect. The famous literary figure of this dialect is Sant
Singhaji and Nimari Sahitya ka Itihaas is written by Dr. Sriram Parihar. The famous writters of Nimadi are
Gaurishahkar Sharma, Ramnarayon Upadhyay.
Braj Bhasha
Braj is the principal dialect of Western Hindi. This dialect is prevalent in Gwalior, Bhind and Morena districts
in Madhya Pradesh. It is very rich in terms of literary creation. Surdas, Meerabai and Raskhan are the main
figures of this dialect.
Tribal Languages
Mostly tribes are found in the districts of Mandla, Dindori, Seoni, Chhindwara, Alirajpur, Jhabua,
Hoshangabad, in the south-eastern and western part of the State.
374Tribal Languages
Gondi
Korku
The Bhil languages are a group of Indo-Aryan languages, this language is primarily spoken in tribal regions of
Jhabua and Alirajpur districts.
Gondi
Gondi is spoken by Gond tribe, which is mainly spoken in Shahdol, Umaria, Anuppur, balaghat, Chhindwara,
Mandla, Seoni and Dindori districts.
Korku
Korku is a Munda branch of Austroasiatic language spoken by the Korku tribe of Central India, in the states
of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. In Madhya Pradesh, it is primarily spoken in Hoshangabad and
Chhindwara districts by Korku tribe.
Language
Bundeli
Malwi
Bagheli
Braj bhasha
Nimadi
Bhili
Gondi
• Korku
Region
Jhabua, Alirajpur
Madhya Pradesh has been very rich in literary creations since ancient times.
Madhya Pradesh is the origin of greatest literary masterpieces of the Sanskrit language and has been the
birth place of Kalidas, Bharthari and BhavbhutiBharthari
According to famous folklore and legends, the poet Bharthari was the eldest brother of emperor
Vikramaditya and the king of Ujjain.
His place of worship is located at Chunar in Uttar Pradesh and his tomb is located at Sariska (Alwar) in
Rajasthan. His and Baba Gorakhnath's Yoga practicing place is located near Garhkalika temple at Bharthari
caves in Ujjain districMajor works of Bhrathari
Vakyapadiya
Mimansa Sootravati
Mahabhashya Tripadi
Kalidas
Kalidas was a great poet and play writer of Sanskrit language. He was one of the Navratanas of
Chandragupta Vikramaditya and also known as Shakespeare of IndiaMajor creations of Kalidas and their
Narratives
Creation
Narratives
Creation
Narratives
Raghuvamsa
Vikramorvasiyam
Tells the love story of mortal King Pururavas and celestial nymph Urvashi
Kumarasambhava
Describes the birth and adolescence of the goddess Parvati, and her marriage to Lord Shiva.
Ritusamhara
Describes the six seasons by narrating the ex-periences of two lovers in each of the seasons.
Abhijnana- shakuntalam
Illustrations of the evolutionary nature of the love of Shakuntala, the daughter of Rishi Kanva & King
Dushyant.
Meghaduta
Malavikagnimitram
Kalidas's first composition, Based on Shringar Ras, description of love story of Shunga King Agnimitra and
Malvika.
The humanized description of the beauty of nature, the legend of the Yakshak, in this work, the poet's imagi-
nation is on the climax.Bhavabhuti
Bhavabhuti was an 8 century scholar of India noted for his plays and poetry, written in Sanskrit. His real
name was Srikantha Nilakantha Pad Lacchan Bhavabhuti.
Bhavbhuti was born in Padmapura. Vidarbha, in Gondia district, at Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh
border. He was the court poet of Yashovarman. ruler of Kannauj. He is also known as Milton of India.
Creation
Malatimadhava
Narrative
Mahaviracharita
Uttararamacarita
Banabhatta
Banabhatta was the court poet and writer of Harshvardhana, King of Kannauj. He was a 7th century
Sanskrit prose writer and poet of India.
Bana's principal works include a biography of Harsha, the Harshacharita (Deeds of Harsha), and one of the
world's earliest novels, Kadambari.
Banabhatta died before the completion of Kadambari. Therefore, the task of completing the novel was done
by his son Bhushanbhatta.
Creation
Harshacharita
Kadambari
Other Creations
Narrative
Biography of Harshavardhana
Acharya
Bhushan
King Bhoja
Poet Padmakar
ta
Keshavdas
Acharya Keshavdas
Keshavdas Mishra was born in 1555 probably near to Orchha at Tikamgarh. He was the first poet of Riti
Kaal.
Keshavdas was also known as Phantom of Hard Poetry because of complexity of language.
Creation
Narrative
• Other Creations
On Nature
Autobiographies
Bhushan
Bhushan was the court poet of Bundeli king, Chhatrasal. He was born at Kanpur in 1613. He was given the
title of Bhushan by King Rudraraj of Chitrakoot.His poetry is considered contemporary of Chhatrapati
Shivaji and King Chattrasal of Bundelkhand. Kavi Bhushan was tittle given to him by Rudra pratap of
Chitrakoot.
Shivaraj Bhushan
Chatrashaal Dashak
Chhandmala
Poet Padmakar
Shivabavani
Bhushan
Hazara
Bhushan Ullas
Poet Padmaakar was born in 1753 AD at Sagar district in Madhya Pradesh. He is considered to be the Riti
kaal's last best representative poet.
In his poems, the pure form of Brajbhasha is found. Padmakar was under the patronage of Janapura, Sugara
King, Pratap Singh of Udaipur and Daulat Rao Scindia of Gwalior.
- He belonged to family of scholars and poets so his family was called Kavishwar.
• Ganga-Lahari
• Prabodh Pachasa
Raag Rasayan
Jaysingh Virudawali
Prabodh Chandrodaya
Pratap Virudawali
ing Bhoja
King Bhoj, the great ruler of the Parmar dynasty, was a scholar poet, philosopher and astrologer.
Bhoja was renowned as a scholar-king, and several books are attributed to himof King Bhoja
Sarasvati-Kanthabharana
Charucharya
Sringara-Manjari-Katha
Tattva-Prakasha
Champu-Ramayana
Makhanlal Chaturvedi
P. Makhanlal Chaturvedi, a well-known poet, writer and journalist of Hindi language, was born on 4 April,
1889 in Babai (Hoshangabad) and died on 30 January, 1968 in Bhopal.
He is remembered for his participation in India's freedom struggle for independence and his contribution to
Chhayavaad- the Neo-romanticism movement of Hindi literature. He was the editor of Pratha and Karmveer
newspapers.
Makhanlal Chaturvedi ji was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1955 for his poem Him Tarangini and
the Government of India awarded him Padma Bhushan in 1963.
In the honor of Makhanlal Chaturvedi, the Makhanlal Chaturvedi award was instituted by Madhya Pradesh
Sahitya Akademy in 1991 and in 1991, the Makhanlal Chaturvedi National Journalism University (Bhopal)
was established.Famous Creations of Makhanlal Chaturvedi
Him Kiritini
Him Tarangini
Samarpan
Mata
Maran Jwar
Dhoomravalay
Uth Nahan
Pushp Ki Abhilasha
Chromatic works
• Krishnajuna War
Sahitya Ke Devta
• Samay Ke Panv
Yug Charan
Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh was born on November 13, 1917 in Shivpuri district of Madhya Pradesh.
He was the principal poet of Hindi literature and writer. He is considered as a bridge between progressive
poetry and modern poetry.
• Poetry
Story
Novel
Critical work
378He started out as an important poet, being published in the first three volumes of Tar Saptak- series of
anthologies (1943), which marked a transition in Hindi literature, from the prevalent Chhayavaad
movement, this led to the initiation of Prayogvaad Experimentalism in Hindi poetry.
Subhadra Kumari Chauhan was born on 16 August, 1904 at Nihalpur village in Allahabad District, Uttar
Pradesh.
After her marriage with Thakur Lakshman Singh Chauhan of Khandwa in 1919, she moved to Jabalpur.
Inspired by the Indian Independence Movement, she wrote poetry on nationalism, among which Jhansi Ki
Raniand Jalianwala Bagh, Basant being the most prominent.
• Mukul (1930)
Unmadini (1934)
• Matra-Mandir Mei
Rakhi
Pandit Balkrishna Sharma Naveen was born on December 8, 1897 at Bhayana village in Shajapur.
He was appointed as a member of the Official Language Commission in 1955. He had made significant
contribution in making Hindi language as the official language of India.
Madhya Pradesh: A Comprehensive StudyFamous works of Pt Balkrishna
Urmila
Sharma Naveen
Rashmirekha
Pranaparna
• Apalak Kwasi
Haris
Kumkum
Bhawani Prasad Mishra (29 March 1913. 20 February 1983) was a Hindi poet and author. He was born on
29 March, 1913 at Tigaria village in Hoshangabad district.
He was the editor of Kalpana magazine and worked as a leading poet in second Tar Saptak
He was awarded with Sahitya Academy Award in 1972 for his creation Buni Huyi Rassi and was also
awarded with Shikhar Samman in 1983 by Madhya Pradesh government.
Geetfarosh
Gandhi panchshati
• Khusboo ke Shilalekh
Trikal Sandhya
Andheri Kavita
Mansarovar Din
Dr Bashir Badr
Fa
Famous urdu poet Dr. Bashir Badra was born on 15th February, 1945 in Ayodhya (Uttar Pradesh). Later, he
relocated to Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh).
Sh
He was awarded with Sahitya Academy Award in 1994 for his poetry collection Aas, he was also awarded
with Padma Shri in 1999.
Famous works of Dr Bashir Badr
Konch
Roshni Ke Gharaunde
Harishankar Parsai, a famous writer and satirist of Hindi language, was born on 22 August, 1924 at Jamni
village in Hoshangabad.
He edited a literary monthly magazines. Vasudha and Prahari. He was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award
in 1982 for satire Collection Viklaang Shraddha Ka Daur.
Essays
Tab ki Baat Aur Thi, Bhoot Ke Paanv Peeche, Beimani Ki Parat, Pagdandiyo Ka Zamana, Kaag Bhagoda
Novels
Stories
Hanste Hai Rote Hai, Jaise Unke Din Firey, Bholaram Ka Jeev
Sharad Joshi
Sharad Joshi was, a Hindi poet, writer, satirist and a dialogue and scriptwriter in Hindi films and television,
born on 21 May, 1931 at Ujjain. He wrote satirical articles for Nai Dunia during 1951-56.
He was awarded with Padma Shri in 1990, Sharad Joshi award was constituted in 1992 in his memory, this
award is given for satirical writing.
Essays
Parikrama, Fir Kisi Bahane, Jeep Par Sawar Illiya, Raah Kinare Baith, Doosri Satah
Dramas
Novels
• Stories
Tilism
379Mulla Ramuzi
Mulla Ramuzi, creator of Gulabi Urdu and famous urdu poet, was born on 21 May, 1896 at Bhopal.
Magalat-e-Gulabi
Khwateen
Urdu
Angura
Intikhawb-i-Gulabi Urdu
Shaadi
Aurat zaat
Gulabi Shayri
Zindagi
Kamta Prasad Guru was an expert on grammar of Hindi language. He was born in Sagar in 1875. He was the
editor of Balsakha and Saraswati magazines.
Hindustani Shishtachaar
Satyaprem
Bhasmasur Wadh
• Padhya Pushpavali
Kavi Pradeep
Kavi Pradeep, famous Hindi poet and songwriter who wrote many patriotic songs, was born at Barnagar
near Ujjain on 6 February, 1915.
He was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award for his anthology, Main Vakt ke Hun Samne as well as the Vyas
Samman in 1993. He is noted for his translation of the popular English song We Shall Overcome into Hindi-
Hum honge kamyab.
Dhup Ke Dhan
Chandrakant Devtale
Chandrakant Devtale, the famous poet and writer of Hindi language, was born on 7th November, 1936 at
Joul Kheda in Betul district.
• Patthar Ki Bench
Naresh Mehta
Naresh Mehta, a famous Hindi writer, was born on 16 February, 1922 at Shajapur. There are over 50
published works in his name, ranging from poetry to plays.
He received several literary awards, most notably the Sahitya Academy Award in Hindi in 1988 for his
poetry collection Aranya and the Jnanpith Award in 1992.
Chaitya
Prasadparv
Balkavi Bairagi
Balkavi Bairagi was born on 10 February, 1931 at Rampur village in Mandsaur district. He died on May 13,
2018 at his hometown Manasa.
Prabhudayal Shrivastava
Prabhudayal Shrivastava, famous poet and satirist of Hindi language, was born on 4 August, 1944 at
Dharampura in Damoh district of Madhya Pradesh.
He was felicitated with Bharti Ratna by Rashtri Rajbhasha Peeth, Prayagraj and was also awarded with
Bharti Bhushan.
Hari Krishna Devsare, a famous Hindi writer known for his work in the field of children's literature, was born
on 3 March, 1940 at Nagod in Satna district. He had authoured more than 250 books and was the editor of
Parag Bal Patrika.
Daku Ka Beta
Swan Yatra
Pratham Deepstambh
• Do Took
Aranya
Purush
Shrikrishna Saral, famous Hindi poet, was born on 1 January, 1919 at Ashoknagar district. Madhya Pradesh
Sahitya Academy has established Shrikrishna Award in the field of poetry in his memory.
Krantikari Kosh
Mahabali
Itihas-Purush Subhash
• Jaihind
He was the editor of Rashtradharma. Paanchjanya and Veer Arjun magazines. He was awarded with Padma
Vibhushan in 1992 and with Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award, in 2015.
His birthday is celebrated as Good Governance Day all over the country. Recently, he passed away on
August 16, 2018.
Mratyu Ya Hatya
Amar Balidan
Anil Madhav Dave, former Rajya Sabha Member, environmentalist and famous Hindi writer, was born at
Barnagar in Ujjain on 6 July, 1956.
381
Meri 51 Kavitaye
Dwarka Prasad Mishra, former Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh and Hindi poet, was born on 5 August,
1901 at Unnao district in Madhya Pradesh.
He was the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh from 30 September, 1963 to 29 July, 1967.
Krishnayan (Poetry)
Madhavrao Sapre
Madhavrao Sapre, famous story writer of Hindi language, was born in 1971 at patharia village in Damoh.
His famous story Ek Tokari Bhar Mitti is considered as the first hindi story from MP.
He published monthly magazine Chhattishgarh Mitra and Lokmanya Tilak's Marathi language Kesari Patra
in Hindi.
Mahabharat Mimansa.
Hindi Dasbodh
Amritlal Vegad
Amritlal Vegad, a noted Gujarati and Hindi language writer and painter, was born on 3 October, 1928 at
Jabalpur. He was awarded with Sahitya Academy Award in 2004. He passed away on 6 July, 2018.
382
Amritsya Narmada
Sant Singaji
Sant Singaji, famous folk writer from Madhya Pradesh, was born in 1571 AD at Khajuri village in Barwani
district, but his place of work was Piplia village in Khandwa district,
Singaji was contemporary to Kabir and used to sing like Kabir. His disciple Khemdas composed Parchuri
based on his life character.
Sakhiya
Barahmasi
Pandrah Tithi
Doshbodh
Narad
Sharad
Jagnik
Jagnik was the court poet of the Kalinjar King Parimal Dev. Acharya Ramchandra Shukla has considered his
birth as 1230 AD. His main works are: Alhakhand and Parimal Raso.
Alhakhand is the world's largest folk story. In this story, the bravery of Alha and Udal has been presented in
song form using the Bundeli dialect Banfari.
Isuri
Isuri, famous folk literature, was born in 1831 at Mendhaki village in Mauranipur (Uttar Pradesh).He
developed the Far style of folk singing. He is also known as Jaidev of Bundelkhand.
Isuri Ki Faage
Isuri Prakash
Isuri Satsai
Literary Organisations in MP
It was established in 1954 as Madhya Bharat Sahitya Parishad. In 1957, it was reorganized and renamed as
Madhya Pradesh Sahitya Parishad, Its headquarters is located in Bhopal. The main function of this council is
to upgrade, elevate and promote Hindi literature.
In the year 1969, the Madhya Pradesh Hindi Granth Academy was established with the aim of publishing
university textbooks and reference texts.
It provides rewards and financial assistance to the authors contributing in Hindi literature. This academy
publishes a magazine named Sakshatkar.
Academy
Estd
1954
1969
1976
Kalidas Academy
1977
1983
1984
1985
1987
2003
Urdu Academy Madhya Pradesh
Urdu Academy was established at Bhopal in 1976 with the aim of conservation and promotion of Urdu
literature.
Madhya Pradesh Sindhi Sahitya Academy was established in 1983 at Bhopal with aim of promoting Sindhi
language and literature. This academy publishes a magazine Sindhi Pratinidhi.
Allama Iqbal Adabi Markaz was established in 1984 for the development of education and literature in Urdu
language.
Madhya Pradesh Sanskrit academy was established in 1985 with the aim of promoting Sanskrit language
and literature. Its headquarters is located at Bhopal,
Madhya Pradesh Tulsi Academy w established in 1987 with the aim of resear in and conservation of Tulsi
literature. headquarters is located at Bhopal. academy publishes a research journal na Samadhan.
Bharat Bhavan
Bharat Bhavan is a multi-arts comple museum in Bhopal established February, 1982. The architect of
Bhavan was Charles Correa.
It houses an art gallery, a fine art we an open-air amphitheatre, a studio an auditorium, a museum of triba
art, libraries of Indian poetry, music as well as folk music.Bharat Bhawan has the following 6 divisions:
Rangmandal-Exibition
Wagarth-Center of Indian Poetry
Ravindra Bhawan is located at Bhopal. It is the center of a variety of cultural, educationaland literary
activities. A theater and an auditorium located here.
Famous Books and Authors from MPFamous Books and Authors from MP
Book
Author
Devkumar Mishra