School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
Nust
ME-339 Control Engineering Lab
Lab Report 10 LVDT ON/OFF controller
SUBMITTED BY: Name: Malik Muhammad Farhan CMS ID: 389829 Section:ME-13A
Session: Fall 2023
Semester: 5th Objectives: • To become familiar with the working of a closed loop system • To understand the effect of hysteresis. • To understand the water level control module
Apparatus: • Level Control Trainer • Digital Multimeter • Leads • Level Control Module • Stopwatch
Procedure: 1. Connect the wires to the panel according to the circuit diagram given below (see Figure I). 2. Turn on the system and turn on the multimeter for voltage measurement. 3. The water level must be 5cm when the voltage is zero. Increase the voltage by rotating the knob until the water level reaches 13cm. 4. Set the hysteresis to zero and record the set points and time taken. 5. Repeat the procedure for 12.5%, 25% values of hysteresis.
Figure I: Schematic Diagram Figure 2 connections
Observations and Calculations: Hysteresis 0% 15% 25%
Set Point 8cm 8cm 8cm
Lower Limit Set Point - 7.3cm 6.52cm
Upraising Time - 3.39s 4.79s
Upper Limit Set Point - 9.1cm 9.7cm
Lowering Time - 7.61s 10.34s
Table I: Measurements
Discussion: In this lab, we learned the effect of hysteresis on the ON-OFF controller of the Water Level control system was observed. Hysteresis can be used to filter signals so that the output reacts less rapidly than it otherwise would. In the case of the level control system, hysteresis is added to prevent rapid switching of the water pump which can cause failure. The upper and lower setpoints as well as the upper and lower time were recorded at different hysteresis values.
Conclusion: A direct correlation was found between hysteresis of the system and response time of the system. With 0% Hysteresis, the system would react almost immediately. As hysteresis in the system increased to 15%, the upper and lower time were 3.39s and 7.61s respectively. For hysteresis of 30% the upper and lower times were 4.76s and 10.34s respectively.
Safety Precautions: • Be careful about the connections you make. They should be according to the system diagram which is shown below. • Do not let the system run unsupervised. • Turn off the trainer when making changes in the apparatus or circuits. • Handle equipment with care.
