Java Basics
1. Java Features:
- Platform Independence: Write once, run anywhere (WORA) using the Java Virtual Machine
(JVM).
- Object-Oriented: Based on objects and classes.
- Robust: Strong memory management and error-checking.
- Multithreading: Allows concurrent execution of code.
- Secure: Includes built-in security features.
2. Basic Syntax:
- Case Sensitivity: Java is case-sensitive.
- File Naming: The class name and file name should match.
- Entry Point: The `main` method is the starting point of execution.
Example:
public class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello, World!");
3. Data Types:
Java supports primitive and non-primitive data types.
| Data Type | Size | Example |
|-------------|-----------|---------------|
| byte | 1 byte | byte b = 10; |
| short | 2 bytes | short s = 100;|
| int | 4 bytes | int i = 1000; |
| long | 8 bytes | long l = 100000L;|
| float | 4 bytes | float f = 10.5f;|
| double | 8 bytes | double d = 20.5;|
| char | 2 bytes | char c = 'A'; |
| boolean | 1 bit | boolean b = true;|
4. Control Statements:
- Conditional:
if (condition) {
// code
} else if (condition) {
// code
} else {
// code
- Loops:
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(i);
while (i < 5) {
System.out.println(i);
i++;
}
do {
System.out.println(i);
i++;
} while (i < 5);
5. Classes and Objects:
class Animal {
String name;
void eat() {
System.out.println(name + " is eating.");
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Animal dog = new Animal();
dog.name = "Buddy";
dog.eat();
6. Methods:
public int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}
- Static Method:
public static void display() {
System.out.println("Static Method");
7. Arrays:
int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
for (int num : numbers) {
System.out.println(num);
8. Exception Handling:
try {
int result = 10 / 0;
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("Cannot divide by zero.");
} finally {
System.out.println("This will always execute.");
