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    EARTHS-SYSTEM

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    miamiamia
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    EARTHS-SYSTEM

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    Science

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    2 views18 pages

    EARTHS-SYSTEM

    Uploaded by

    miamiamia
    Science

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    EARTH’S SYSTEM

    THE PLANET EARTH


    SYSTEM
    A set of interconnected components that are interacting to form a unified whole.

    2
    EXAMPLE of a system-
    ECOSYSTEM
    (Organisms are interrelated and
    interacting)

    The Earth system is essentially a


    CLOSED SYSTEM. A closed
    system is a system in which there
    is only an exchange of heat or
    energy and no exchange of matter.
    The Earth receives energy from
    the sun and returns some of this
    energy to space.
    3
    SPHERES

    4
    BIOTIC Relates to living things like bacteria,
    birds, mammals, insects, and plants

    Vs.
    Abiotic describes substances that
    ABIOTIC are made from non-living things
    materials.

    5
    ATMOSPHERE

    The Earth’s atmosphere is the


    gaseous layer that envelopes
    the world. This layer mostly
    contains nitrogen (78%), oxygen
    (21%), and argon (0.9%).

    In addition, trace gases (carbon


    dioxide, nitrous oxides, methane,
    and ozone) account for another
    tenth of a percent. 6
    LAYER OF THE ATMOSPHERE
    TROPOSPHERE
    ✓ Lowest layer of the atmosphere
    (closest to Earth)
    ✓ You live here
    ✓ Tropo means turning or changing
    (there is more change in this layer
    than any other)
    ✓ Weather occurs here
    ✓ Shallowest layer (thinnest)
    ✓ Contains almost all the mass of
    the atmosphere
    ✓ It is 16 km thick at equator and
    less than 9 km thick at poles
    ✓ As altitude increases, temperature
    decreases
    7
    ✓ clouds of ice
    LAYER OF THE ATMOSPHERE
    STRATOSPHERE
    ✓ Second layer of the atmosphere
    ✓ Reaches from troposphere to
    about 50 km above surface of
    Earth
    ✓ Strato means layer or spread out
    ✓ Ozone layer is here (remember it
    protects living things from
    ultraviolet radiation from Sun)
    ✓ Jets often fly here because it is
    calm
    ✓ As altitude increases, temperature
    increases (because ozone layer
    absorbs heat)
    8
    LAYER OF THE ATMOSPHERE
    MESOSPHERE
    ✓ Third layer
    ✓ Meso means middle
    ✓ Reaches from 50 km to 80 km
    above Earth’s surface
    ✓ Protects Earth’s surface from
    being hit by meteoroids (chunks of
    stone and metal from space – but
    some still get through)
    ✓ A shooting star is a trail of hot,
    glowing gases a meteoroid leaves
    behind in the mesosphere
    ✓ As altitude increases, temperature
    decreases.
    ✓ This is the coldest layer of the
    9
    atmosphere
    LAYER OF THE ATMOSPHERE
    THERMOSPHERE
    ✓ Outermost layer of our
    atmosphere
    ✓ Reaches from 80 km above
    Earth’s surface into outer
    space. There is no definite
    upper limit
    ✓ Thermo means heat
    ✓ Thickest layer
    ✓ As altitude increases,
    temperature increases
    ✓ Has two other layers.
    10
    LAYER OF THE ATMOSPHERE
    IONOSPHERE
    ✓ Lower layer of the Thermosphere
    ✓ Reaches from about 80 km to 400
    km above Earth’s surface
    ✓ Energy from the sun causes gas
    molecules here to become
    electrically charged particles
    ✓ Radio waves bounce off ions back to
    Earth (makes signals travel much
    farther at night)
    ✓ Auroras happen near the poles
    because of the ionosphere – these
    are brilliant streaks of light in night
    skies. 11
    LAYER OF THE ATMOSPHERE
    EXOSPHERE

    ✓Exo means outer


    ✓Is the outer portion of the
    thermosphere
    ✓Reaches from about 400
    km outward for thousands
    of kilometers
    ✓Space shuttles and
    satellites orbit Earth here
    12
    TROPOSHERE
    HYDROSPHERE
    STRATOSPHERE

    MESOSPHERE
    All of the water on earth is
    known collectively as Earth’s
    hydrosphere. This is water found THERMOSPHERE
    in the air, the soil, in glaciers,
    the oceans, rivers, lakes, and IONOSPHERE
    streams of the world. Water is
    found in all three states on EXOSPHERE
    earth which are gas, liquid, and
    solid.
    13
    LITHOSPHERE
    The Lithosphere contains
    the elements of the Earth
    crust and part of the upper
    mantle. This is hard and
    rigid outer layer of the
    earth. This term is taken
    from the Greek word lithos
    meaning “rocky”. This part of
    the earth includes soil.
    14
    HYDROSPHERE
    All of the water on earth is known
    collectively as the Earth’s hydrosphere.
    This is water found in the air, the soil, in
    glaciers, the oceans, rivers, lakes, and
    streams of the world. Water is found in all
    three states of matter.
    SOLID, GAS AND LIQUID – As gas, water I
    found as water vapor in the atmosphere,
    In liquid form water found in streams,
    river, lakes, ponds, and oceans along with
    mist in the air and as dew on the surface
    of the ground. Water is found in solid form
    15
    as ice and snow.
    BIOSPHERE
    The biosphere covers all living
    organisms on earth. There is an
    estimated 20 million to 100 million
    different species in the world
    organized into 100 phyla that make
    up the five kingdoms of lifeforms.
    These organisms can be found in
    almost all parts of the geosphere.
    There are organisms in the air, soil,
    and water on earth.
    16
    ADD A FOOTER 17

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