Real Numbers and their properties

Real Numbers and their properties
Real numbers
Real Numbers are simply the combination of rational and irrational
numbers, in the number system. In general, all the arithmetic operations
can be performed on these numbers and they can also be represented in
the number line.
At the same time, the imaginary numbers are the un-real numbers,
which cannot be expressed in the number line and are commonly used to
represent a complex number. Some of the examples of real numbers are
23, -12, 6.99, 5/2, π, and so on. Here we are going to discuss the
definition of real numbers, the properties of real numbers and the
examples of real numbers with complete explanations.
Real Numbers Definition

Real numbers can be defined as the union of both rational and irrational
numbers. They can be both positive or negative and are denoted by the
symbol “R”. All the natural numbers, decimals and fractions come under
this category. See the figure, given below, which shows the
classification of real numerals.
Natural Numbers
Natural numbers are the set of positive integers, from 1 to ∞ , but it doesn’t include fractional
and decimal numbers. They are also known as counting numbers.
Natural Numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,…….,∞
Types of natural numbers:
• Prime Numbers
• Even and Odd numbers
• Composite numbers
• Co-prime numbers
• Perfect numbers
Whole Numbers
Whole numbers are also a set of positive integers, including 0, i.e. from 0 to ∞. They also don’t
include fractional and decimal parts.
Whole Numbers: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,…….,∞
Set of Real Numbers

The set of real numbers consists of different categories, such as natural and whole numbers,
integers, rational and irrational numbers. In the table given below, all the real numbers formulas
(i.e.) the representation of the classification of real numbers are defined with examples.
Real Numbers Chart

The chart for the set of real numerals including all the types is given below
Properties of Real Numbers

The following are the four main properties of real numbers:
• Commutative property
• Associative property
• Distributive property
• Identity property
Consider “m, n and r” are three real numbers. Then the above properties can be described using
m, n, and r as shown below:
Commutative Property
If m and n are the numbers, then the general form will be m + n = n + m for addition and m.n =
n.m for multiplication.
• Addition: m + n = n + m. For example, 5 + 3 = 3 + 5, 2 + 4 = 4 + 2.

• Multiplication: m × n = n × m. For example, 5 × 3 = 3 × 5, 2 × 4 = 4 × 2.
Associative Property
If m, n and r are the numbers. The general form will be m + (n + r) = (m + n) + r for
addition(mn) r = m (nr) for multiplication.
• Addition: The general form will be m + (n + r) = (m + n) + r. An example of additive associative

property is 10 + (3 + 2) = (10 + 3) + 2.
• Multiplication: (mn) r = m (nr). An example of a multiplicative associative property is (2 × 3) 4 = 2
(3 × 4).
Distributive Property
For three numbers m, n, and r, which are real in nature, the distributive property is represented
as:
m (n + r) = mn + mr and (m + n) r = mr + nr.
• Example of distributive property is: 5(2 + 3) = 5 × 2 + 5 × 3. Here, both sides will yield 25.
Identity Property
There are additive and multiplicative identities.
• For addition: m + 0 = m. (0 is the additive identity)

• For multiplication: m × 1 = 1 × m = m. (1 is the multiplicative identity)
Intervals
We have three types of intervals
➢ Open Intervals
➢ Close Intervals
➢ Half Close and half open intervals
For an example, consider the sets of real numbers described below.
Example1:
If A = {1; 2; 3} and B = {2; 4; 6}, then A n B = {2} and
AUB = {1; 2; 3; 4; 6}.
Example2:
If A = [-5; 3) and B = (1, ∞), then we can find A ∩ B and AUB graphically.
Example: Express the following set of numbers using interval notations.

Solved Examples
Example 1:
Find five rational numbers between 1/2 and 3/5.
Solution:
We shall make the denominator same for both the given rational number
(1 × 5)/(2 × 5) = 5/10 and (3 × 2)/(5 × 2) = 6/10
Now, multiply both the numerator and denominator of both the rational number by 6, we have
(5 × 6)/(10 × 6) = 30/60 and (6 × 6)/(10 × 6) = 36/60
Five rational numbers between 1/2 = 30/60 and 3/5 = 36/60 are
31/60, 32/60, 33/60, 34/60, 35/60.
Example 2:
Write the decimal equivalent of the following:
(i) 1/4 (ii) 5/8 (iii) 3/2

Solution:
(i) 1/4 = (1 × 25)/(4 × 25) = 25/100 = 0.25
(ii) 5/8 = (5 × 125)/(8 × 125) = 625/1000 = 0.625
(iii) 3/2 = (3 × 5)/(2 × 5) = 15/10 = 1.5
Example 3:
What should be multiplied to 1.25 to get the answer 1?
Solution: 1.25 = 125/100
Now if we multiply this by 100/125, we get
125/100 × 100/125 = 1
Home Assignment
1. Which is the smallest composite number?
2. Prove that any positive odd integer is of the form 6x + 1, 6x + 3, or 6x + 5.
3. Evaluate 2 + 3 × 6 – 5.
4. What is the product of a non-zero rational number and an irrational number?
5. Can every positive integer be represented as 4x + 2 (where x is an integer)?

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Real Numbers and their properties

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Real Numbers and their properties

Real Numbers Definition

Types of natural numbers:

Whole Numbers: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,…….,∞

Set of Real Numbers

Real Numbers Chart

Properties of Real Numbers

• Addition: m + n = n + m. For example, 5 + 3 = 3 + 5, 2 + 4 = 4 + 2.

• Addition: The general form will be m + (n + r) = (m + n) + r. An example of additive associative

• For addition: m + 0 = m. (0 is the additive identity)

Example: Express the following set of numbers using interval notations.

Find five rational numbers between 1/2 and 3/5.

(1 × 5)/(2 × 5) = 5/10 and (3 × 2)/(5 × 2) = 6/10

(5 × 6)/(10 × 6) = 30/60 and (6 × 6)/(10 × 6) = 36/60

31/60, 32/60, 33/60, 34/60, 35/60.

Write the decimal equivalent of the following:

(i) 1/4 (ii) 5/8 (iii) 3/2

(i) 1/4 = (1 × 25)/(4 × 25) = 25/100 = 0.25

(ii) 5/8 = (5 × 125)/(8 × 125) = 625/1000 = 0.625

(iii) 3/2 = (3 × 5)/(2 × 5) = 15/10 = 1.5

What should be multiplied to 1.25 to get the answer 1?

Solution: 1.25 = 125/100

Now if we multiply this by 100/125, we get

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