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    Relations and Functions

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    Relations and Functions

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    Relations and Functions

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    elitelife029

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    Relations and Functions

    An ordered pair is represented as (INPUT, OUTPUT)

    The relation shows the relationship between INPUT and OUTPUT. Whereas, a function is a
    relation which derives one OUTPUT for each given INPUT.

    What is a Relation?

    A subset of ordered pairs in a cartesian product is called a relation. Or,

    A relation in math is a set of ordered pairs defining the relation between two sets.

    A relation is a subset of a Cartesian product. Thus, a relation is a rule that “relates” an element
    from one set to another.

    • Let us also look at the definition of Domain and Range of a function.

    Example:

    In the relation, {(-2, 3), {4, 5), (6, -5), (-2, 3)},

    The domain is {-2, 4, 6} and range is {-5, 3, 5}.

    Note: Don’t consider duplicates while writing the domain and range and also write it in
    increasing order.

    Note: All functions are relations, but not all relations are functions
    What is a Function?

    A function is a relation in math such that each element of the domain is


    related to a single element in the codomain. oR
    A function is a relation which describes that there should be only one output for each input (or)
    we can say that a special kind of relation (a set of ordered pairs), which follows a rule i.e., every
    X-value should be associated with only one y-value is called a function.

    A function is a special kind of relation. Let’s consider a relation F from A set A to B

    A relation is a subset of a Cartesian product. Thus, a relation is a rule that “relates” an element
    from one set to another. A function is a special kind of relation. Let’s consider a relation F from
    A set A to B

    Definition: A relation F is said to be a function if each element in set A is associated with exactly
    one element in set B.

    To understand the difference between relations and functions with the help of an example.

    Example

    Set A = Names of all countries that won the cricket world cup

    Set B = List of years in which the world cup played

    The arrow diagram shows (in the figure below) the relation R but not a function.

    This is because elements of set A are associated with more than one element of set B.
    Suppose we define a relation F from set A to B such that it associates the countries with the year
    in which they won the world cup for the first time. Thus, every element in set A will be exactly
    associated with only one element in set B.

    This relation F shown in the below figure is qualified to be a function


    `

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