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Relations and Functions

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2 views

Relations and Functions

Uploaded by

elitelife029
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Relations and Functions

An ordered pair is represented as (INPUT, OUTPUT)

The relation shows the relationship between INPUT and OUTPUT. Whereas, a function is a
relation which derives one OUTPUT for each given INPUT.

What is a Relation?

A subset of ordered pairs in a cartesian product is called a relation. Or,

A relation in math is a set of ordered pairs defining the relation between two sets.

A relation is a subset of a Cartesian product. Thus, a relation is a rule that “relates” an element
from one set to another.

• Let us also look at the definition of Domain and Range of a function.

Example:

In the relation, {(-2, 3), {4, 5), (6, -5), (-2, 3)},

The domain is {-2, 4, 6} and range is {-5, 3, 5}.

Note: Don’t consider duplicates while writing the domain and range and also write it in
increasing order.

Note: All functions are relations, but not all relations are functions
What is a Function?

A function is a relation in math such that each element of the domain is


related to a single element in the codomain. oR
A function is a relation which describes that there should be only one output for each input (or)
we can say that a special kind of relation (a set of ordered pairs), which follows a rule i.e., every
X-value should be associated with only one y-value is called a function.

A function is a special kind of relation. Let’s consider a relation F from A set A to B

A relation is a subset of a Cartesian product. Thus, a relation is a rule that “relates” an element
from one set to another. A function is a special kind of relation. Let’s consider a relation F from
A set A to B

Definition: A relation F is said to be a function if each element in set A is associated with exactly
one element in set B.

To understand the difference between relations and functions with the help of an example.

Example

Set A = Names of all countries that won the cricket world cup

Set B = List of years in which the world cup played

The arrow diagram shows (in the figure below) the relation R but not a function.

This is because elements of set A are associated with more than one element of set B.
Suppose we define a relation F from set A to B such that it associates the countries with the year
in which they won the world cup for the first time. Thus, every element in set A will be exactly
associated with only one element in set B.

This relation F shown in the below figure is qualified to be a function


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