“TravelEase (The Travel Planner App)”

A
Project Report
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of degree of

Bachelor of Technology
in
Information Technology

Submitted to
RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA,
BHOPAL (M.P.)

Guided by Submitted By
Mrs. Namrata Vijayvargiya Rashi Vishwakarma(0832IT211050)
Assistant Professor Roshan Solanki(0832IT211053)
Vivek Sharma(0832IT211067)
Yash Surma(0832IT211068)

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

CHAMELI DEVI GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
INDORE (M.P.) 452020
2024-25
“TravelEase (The Travel Planner App)”

A Minor Project

Software Requirement Specification Report submitted to

Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal

Bachelor of Technology
in
Information Technology
By

Rashi Vishwakarma(0832IT211050)
Roshan Solanki(0832IT211053)
Vivek Sharma(0832IT211067)
Yash Surma(0832IT211068)
Under the guidance of
Mrs. Namrata Vijayvargiya
Assistant Professor

Session: 2024-25
Department of Information Technology
Chameli Devi Group of Institutions, Indore

452 020 (Madhya Pradesh)

 DECLARATION

We certify that the work contained in this report is original and has been done by us under the
guidance of my supervisor(s).
a. The work has not been submitted to any other Institute for any degree or diploma.
b. We have followed the guidelines provided by the Institute in preparing the report.
c. We have conformed to the norms and guidelines given in the Ethical Code of Conduct
of the Institute.
d. Whenever we have used materials (data, theoretical analysis, figures, and text) from
other sources, we have given due credit to them by citing them in the text of the report
and giving their details in the references.

Name and Signature of Project Team Members:

Sr. Enrollment No. Name of students Signature of

No. students
1. 0832IT211050 Rashi Vishwakarma

2. 0832IT211053 Roshan Solanki

3. 0832IT211067 Vivek Sharma

4. 0832IT211068 Yash Surma

I
 CHAMELI DEVI GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS, INDORE

CERTIFICATE
Certified that the Major project report entitle “TravelEase (The Travel Planner App)”
is a Bonafede work done under my guidance Rashi Vishwakarma, Roshan Solanki, Vivek Sharma,
Yash Surma in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of Bachelor of
Technology in Information Technology.

Date: _________________________

(Mrs. Namrata Vijayvargiya)

Guide

__________________________ _________________________

(Prof. Radheshyam Acholiya) (Pro. Salil Bhatnagar)

Head of the Department Project Coordinator

__________________________ _________________________
(Dr. Manish Shrivastava) ( )
(Principal CDGI) (External)

II
 CHAMELI DEVI GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS , INDORE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We have immense pleasure in expressing our sincerest and deepest sense of gratitude towards
our guide Prof. Radheshyam Acholiya for the assistance, valuable guidance and co- operation
in carrying out this Project work. We are developing this project with the help of Faculty
members of our institute and we are extremely grateful to all of them. We also take this
opportunity to thank Head of the Department Prof. Radheshyam Acholiya, and Principal of
Chameli Devi Group of Institutions Dr. Manish Shrivastava, for providing the required
facilities for the project work. We are greatly thankful to our parents, friends and faculty
members for their motivation, guidance and help whenever needed.

Name and Signature of Team Members:

1. Rashi Vishwakarma ……………………………..

2. Roshan Solanki ………………………………….

3. Vivek Sharma……………………………………

4. Yash Surma………………………………………

III
 List of Symbols

Actor can easily

Actor communicate or use the
utility of the user task.

Rectangle Box The rectangle box indicate the

process.

The diamond box is the

Diamond Box
representation of making
decision.

This will indicate the process

End Circle
has been ended.

This will indicate the process

Start circle
has been started.

IV
 List of Figures

1.4 Agile Methodology

3.1 Use case Diagram
3.2 Activity Diagram
3.3 E-R Diagram
3.4 Class Diagram

V
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENTS Page No.

Title Page
Declaration I
Certificate by the Supervisor II
Acknowledgement III
List of Symbols IV
List of Figures V
List of Tables VI

Abstract VIII
Chapter 1: Introduction 1
1.1 Rationale 1
1.2 Goal 2
1.3 Objective 2
1.4 Methodology 2
1.5 Role 5
1.6 Contribution of Project 5
1.6.1 Market Potential 6
1.6.2 Innovativeness 6
1.6.3 Usefulness 6
1.7 Report Organization 6
Chapter 2: System Features 7
2.1 Functional Requirement Collection 8
2.1.1 Distributed Database or Client Server Model 8
2.2 Non-Functional Requirement 8
2.2.1 Performance Requirement 9
2.2.2 Safety Requirement 9
2.2.3 Security Requirement 9
2.2.4 Software Quality Attributes 9
2.3 External Interface Requirement 10
2.3.1 User Interface 10

VI
 2.3.2 Hardware Interface 10
2.3.3 Software Interface 11
2.3.4 Communication Interface 11
Chapter 3: Analysis & Design 12
3.1 Use-case Diagrams 12
3.2 Activity Diagrams 13
3.3 E-R Diagram 14
3.4 Class Diagrams 15
3.5 Sequence Diagrams 16
3.6 Data Flow Diagram 17
3.7 System Architecture 17
Chapter 4: Construction 18
4.1 Implementation 18
4.1.1 Implementation details 18
4.1.2 Development Environment 19
4.2 Testing 19
4.2.1 White Box Testing 19
4.2.2 Black Box Testing 20
4.2.3 Test Cases 20
Chapter 5: Conclusion 21
Chapter 6: Future Scope 22

References 23
Appendix-A
Appendix-B
Appendix-C

VII
 Abstract
Today’s world is all about technology different fields of work and organizations are shifting
towards the technology and prefer to have an online and automated systems for them to relay
on. Many Governments organization have gained successful response from the online mode
of governance, many Hospitals and Research centers works on total automated and online
systems and one of the most important EDUCATION fields has also seen technology as a
helpful tool to access the education to all individuals with ease.

In this emerging era of technology AI-Geeta holds a contributive part in the education field
particularly in the technological aspects. AI-Geeta will able to help the learners wanting to
take a dive in development world of websites with religious tourism they will not able to
learn only how to design and develop the webpages but also it will help to improve their
skills.

AI-Geeta is an online web-based editor which helps to write code for a webpage in all three
languages at one time.

The tool has a very vivid market potential and can be contributive asset to our education
field.

VIII
 Chapter 1

Introduction
 TravelEase helps users plan trips by providing destination info, travel costs, and
itinerary suggestions.

 The app serves travelers needing an organized, all-in-one travel planning tool.

 It aims to simplify travel planning with expense estimation,

destination highlights, and personalized suggestions.

 This document is for developers, project managers, and

stakeholders.

 TravelEase is a mobile and web app offering travel info,

itineraries, and cultural insights to enhance user travel
experiences.

This chapter gives an overview about the aim, objectives, background and operation
environment of the system.

1.1 Rationale
TravelEase comes along with a purpose to deliver a proper platform to the users to
livea much better and enthusiastic experience to code and learn in their initial stage
of Mobile Application.

There are various basic obstacle which come along the journey of Mobile Application
so to overcome that obstacle TravelEase is introduced with the feature like editor we
can code and have a result on the same screen and in the editor we can code in all
three language simultaneously.

We have developed our project under the category of “Mobile Application” by which
user around the globe can have easy access to TravelEase with a simple web
browser.

1
1.2 Goal
The ultimate goal of TravelEase is to provide a platform to the user which is
“CONVENIENT-EFFECTIVE-PRODUCTIVE” by which they rely the learning
of React Native.

1.3 Objectives
The main aim and objectives of TravelEase are as follows :

 Discover Destinations: Search for your favorite spots and let TravelEase recommend
nearby attractions you might love.

 Plan Your Stay: Choose how many days you'd like to spend at each destination.

 Multi-Places Planner: Add several destinations and watch as the app builds a
comprehensive travel roadmap for your journey.

 Explore Culture & Street Food: Get a taste of the local culture and discover the best
street food hotspots at every destination, so you can immerse yourself fully.

1.4 Methodology
Agile Methodology

The Agile methodology is a practice that encourages continuous development and

testing throughout the software development lifecycle of a project. Unlike the
Waterfall methodology, the Agile methodology allows for parallel development and
testing.

Agile methodologies attempt to produce the proper product through small cross
functional self organizing- teams that produce small pieces of functionality on a
regular basis, allowing for frequent customer input and course correction as needed.
In doing so, Agile tries to address the issues that traditional "waterfall"
methodologies of delivering huge products over extended periods of time encounter,
such as client requirements changing frequently and resulting in the delivery of
incorrect products.

2
 Stages of Agile Methodology

Agile development is not that tough when broken down to its core concepts. While
the number of meetings involved may appear unnecessary, it saves a lot of time by
optimizing development tasks and avoiding the errors that can occur during the
planning stage.

Phase 1: Requirement Gathering

• Stakeholder Interviews: Engage with potential users, stakeholders, and travel experts
to understand their needs and expectations from the app.

• Competitive Analysis: Analyze existing travel apps to identify features that are
essential and areas for improvement.

• Objective Definition: Based on stakeholder feedback, define the core objectives (e.g.,
multi-destination planning, cost estimation, personalized experiences).

• Phase 2: Conceptual Design

• Information Architecture (IA):

• App Structure: Define the flow of the app, the navigation scheme (menu, tabs), and
where each feature will be placed.

• User Flows: Map out user journeys for key tasks, such as "Plan a trip," "View cost
estimates," and "Leave feedback."

• Data Flow Diagrams: Illustrate how data will flow through the system, from the user
inputs to the backend processing and database interactions.

• Phase 3:Visual Design

• Style Guide:
• Define the visual language of the app, including colors, fonts, button styles, iconography,
and overall theme.

• High-Fidelity Mockups:

• Include screens such as homepage, trip planner, cost estimator, feedback system, and
attractions overview.

• Interactive Prototype:

3
 • Create an interactive prototype that mimics the actual user experience.

Phase :4 Technical Design

• Database Design:
• Design the database schema to store user data, trip details, feedback, and cost
estimates.

• API Design:

• Design RESTful APIs that will connect the frontend with the backend for fetching
destination data, processing user input, calculating costs, and handling feedback..

• Performance Optimization:

• Plan for optimal performance by minimizing load times, compressing images, and
using caching for frequently accessed data (e.g., popular destinations, review

that developed during the previous phases, and the Product Owner considers their
suggestions.

The Agile software development lifecycle phases then begin over, either with a
newiteration or by progressing to the next stage and scaling Agile.

Fig 1.1: Agile Methodolog

4
Role
The role of individual members in each phase of software development are listed
below.

Name Role Responsibility

Project Manager & Manages project

Rashi Vishwakarma Backend Developer timelines.

Roshan Solanki Project Manager & Design wireframes and

Backend Developer create a consistent, UI

Vivek Sharma Full-Stack Developer Implement frontend-

backend communication

Yash Surma Content Curator & Research and gather

Testing Lead travel-related content,
conduct testing

1.5 Contribution of the Project

1.6.1 Market potential

• There's a growing demand for personalized travel solutions that help users manage trips
more efficiently while offering cultural insights.

• Millennials and frequent travelers are key target audiences looking for a
comprehensive travel planning experience.

• With the rise of digital solutions, more travelers are relying on apps for convenience,
personalized itineraries, and cost-effective planning, creating a strong demand for
TravelEase.

5
1.6.2 Innovativeness

 From the existing and some similar platform we have tried to put all the services at one
place.

 TravelEase app include a very unique feature of CSS , and user friendly features.

 Visual based CSS questions for practice

1.6.3 Usefulness
 Provides users with an effective and efficient way to identify their destination.

 Prioritizes a well-designed and user-friendly interface.

 Provide estimate cost

 Suggest multiple places near user’s destination.

1.6 Report Organization

This chapter comprises of the main aim, motive and introduction of the project. comprises
of all the necessary details regarding the basic essence of the project.

Purpose: It introduces the topic of the project. It also contains the entry level guide of all
the functionalities in the project and their use.

Rationale: The set of reasons and the logical course of action along with the principles
employed are also mentioned in this section

Abstract: A brief summary of a research done, review and in-depth analysis of a

particular subject and is often used to help the reader quickly the purpose of the project.

Goal: Project goal describes the projects impact: the long-term effects that should (also) be
triggered. This reveals that the intended results at this higher level are in the main not
concrete, nor can they be exclusively attributed to this project

6
 Chapter 2

System features
It includes the process of determining user expectations for a new or modified website. These
features, called requirements are relevant and detailed. Requirements Analysis define what
the software is supposed to do. The software requirements enable users and serve as the basis
for all the future design, coding, and testing that will be done on the project Requirements are
further defined through performance, look and feel, and other criteria.
1. Multi-Destination Planning:

• Allow users to plan trips to multiple destinations seamlessly by creating a custom itinerary.

2. Cost and Time Estimation:

• Provide accurate estimates of travel costs, accommodation, and sightseeing times for each
destination.

3. Discover Key Attractions:

• Highlight must-visit spots, local culture, and hidden gems at every destination.

4. Cultural & Famous Food Insights:

• Offer users detailed guides on the local culture, traditions, and the best street food at each
destination.

5. Personalized Travel Experience:

Suggest optimal travel and sightseeing times, helping users make the most of their trip.

6. User Feedback System:

• Collect feedback from users about their travel experiences, improving future suggestions for
other travelers.

7. Roadmap Feature:

• Generate a complete travel roadmap, organizing the trip from start to finish with well-
planned routes, attractions, and travel information.

8. User-Friendly Design

• Ensure the app is intuitive, easy to use, and accessible on mobile and desktop platforms

:
7
2.1 Functional Requirement Collection
1. Multi-Place Planning:
1. The app must allow users to select and plan trips to multiple destinations in one
itinerary.
2. Users should be able to modify or remove destinations from the trip plan.

2. Cost and Time Estimation:

1. The app should calculate and display travel costs, including accommodation,
transportation, and other expenses.
2. Provide real-time estimates for travel durations between destinations.

3. Discover Key Attractions:

1. The app should offer information on key attractions for each destination, including
sightseeing spots, landmarks, and local experiences.
2. Filter attractions based on categories like adventure, culture, or relaxation

2.2 Non-Functional Requirement

1. Performance:
1. The app should load within 2 seconds on average across all devices and networks.
2. Handle up to 10,000 concurrent users without degradation in performance.
2. Scalability:

1. The app should be scalable to accommodate increasing numbers of users and

destinations without impacting functionality.
2. The database must support growing data, including user profiles, feedback, and
travel plans.
3. Security:
1. All user data, including personal information and travel plans, must be encrypted
and stored securely.
2. Implement authentication (e.g., JWT, OAuth) to protect user accounts.
3. Ensure secure payment methods for any financial transactions.
4. Reliability:
1. The app should have 99.9% uptime, ensuring availability even during peak times.

8
 2. Automated backups must be scheduled regularly to prevent data loss.

2.2.1 Performance Requirement

Performance requirements can be defined as how well the system performs certain functions
under specific conditions. Like many other attributes the performance requirement is a key
element in designing the system. The performance requirements should be clearly mentioned
so that it does not affect the performance of the system and does not create any issue for the
end user. This will provide some criteria on basis of which you can analyze your project for
the effective outcome

2.2.2 Safety Requirement

The safety requirements are specified so as to low down the risk. The safety requirements are
those requirements that are defined for the purpose of risk reduction. The safety requirements
are provided by means of safety functions give at the designing time.

 Safety of a system like SRS is of paramount importance for the acceptance

of this kind of assistive technology and also is one of the main
requirements, furthermore stipulated by related directives and standards. 

2.2.3 Security Requirement

Security requirement include the preferred strategy for resolving forgotten passwords,
expiring inactive sessions, etc. Traditionally security issues are first considered during the
Design phase of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
 The TravelEase system is designed with fully authenticated system.

 One time password and encrypted password protection is enabled.

2.2.4 Software Quality attributes

Software Quality Attributes are the features that facilitate the measurement of performance of
a software product and include attributes such as availability, interoperability, correctness,
System Features 10 reliability, learnability, robustness, maintainability, readability,
extensibility, testability, efficiency, and portability. High scores of Software Quality
Attributes enables the software architects to guarantee that a software application will
perform the task as per the specifications provided by the client.
 TravelEase is an mobile application accessible platform by which any one can use it
and available to the whole world.
9
  Whole project is made up using MERN stack which include MongoDB, ExpressJS,
ReactJS, NodeJS.

2.3 External Interface Requirement

The external interface requirement ensures that the system will interact properly with
the external environment.

2.3.1 User Interface

The user interface describes the characteristics of each interface for user. The proper
constraints on the layout, the font style, font size and some of the shortcut keys are the way to
deal with the user interface.

 Editor allow user to write code and run the code at same time in HTML, CSS,
and JS simultaneously.

 Practice mode allow user to practice the task and check the accuracy 

 Gallery section will contain the projects made by different user which can be
seen globally

 Battel Mode provide the same window as the practice mode but here two users
can compete with each other.

 Log in and Sign up section allow user to enter the landing page and to create
an account 

2.3.2 Hardware Interface

It describes the characteristics of interface between the software and the hardware
components.

 Processor with more than or equivalent speed of 533MHz and least two cores maybe
of single or multiple thread.

 Free memory upto 2 gigabytes (Max 15 tabs).

 Disc space min. 1 gigabyte.(for web browser)

 Computer based peripheral machin

10
2.3.3 Software Interface
It describes the services needed by the external software components and the nature of the
intercomponent communications. It helps to identify the data that will be shared across the
software components.

 Integrated Development Environment (VS code)

 NodeJS runtime environment (higher than v12.0 LTS)

 MongoDB v6.0(Compass)

 NPM modules(React , JS , Express)

 Browsers with JavaScript engine (V8, SpiderMonkey , Chakra ,etc)

2.3.4 Communication Requirement

It helps to state the requirements for the various communication functions that the product
will use which includes various protocols and electronic forms. The interface helps to specify
various interface related issues so as to make the communication effective.
 TravelEase is a mobile application so there is no particular
way of communication but user can contact us via email

11
 Chapter 3

Analysis and Design

Software analysis and design includes all activities, which help the transformation of
requirement specification into implementation. Requirement specifications specify all
functional and non-functional expectations from the software. These requirement
specifications come in the shape of human readable and understandable documents, to which
a computer has nothing to do.
Software analysis and design is the intermediate stage, which helps human-readable
requirements to be transformed into actual code.

3.1 Use Case Diagram

In the Unified Modeling Language (UML), a use case diagram can summarize the details of
your system's users (also known as actors) and their interactions with the system. To build
one, you'll use a set of specialized symbols and connectors. An effective use case diagram
can help your team discuss and represent:

 Scenarios in which your system or application interacts with people, organizations, or

external systems

 Goals that your system or application helps those entities (known as actors) achieve

 The scope of your system

Purpose of Use Case Diagram

 Representing the goals of system-user interactions

 Defining and organizing functional requirements in a system

 Specifying the context and requirements of a system

 Modeling the basic flow of events in a use case

12
 3.1 Use case diagram

3.2 Activity Diagram

Activity Diagrams describe how activities are coordinated to provide a service which can
be at different levels of abstraction. Typically, an event needs to be achieved by some
operations, particularly where the operation is intended to achieve a number of different
things that require coordination, or how the events in a single use case relate to one another,
in particular, use cases where activities may overlap and require coordination. It is also
suitable for modeling how a collection of use cases coordinate to represent business
workflows

Purpose of activity diagram:

 Identify candidate use cases, through the examination of business workflows

 Identify pre- and post-conditions (the context) for use cases
 Model workflows between/within use cases

13
  Model complex workflows in operations on objects
 Model in detail complex activities in a high level activity Diagram

3.2 Activity Diagram

3.2 E-R Diagram

An Entity Relationship (ER) Diagram is a type of flowchart that illustrates how “entities”
such as people, objects or concepts relate to each other within a system. ER Diagrams are
most often used to design or debug relational databases in the fields of software engineering,
business information systems, education and research. Also known as ERDs or ER Models,
they use a defined set of symbols such as rectangles, diamonds, ovals and connecting lines to
depict the interconnectedness of entities, relationships and their attributes. They mirror
grammatical structure, with entities as nouns and relationships as verbs.

14
Purpose of ER diagram

 Database design: ER diagrams are used to model and design relational databases, in terms
of logic and business rules (in a logical data model) and in terms of the specific technology
to be implemented (in a physical data model.) In software engineering, an ER diagram is
often an initial step in determining requirements for an information systems project.

 Database troubleshooting: ER diagrams are used to analyze existing databases to find and
resolve problems in logic or deployment. Drawing the diagram should reveal where it’s
going wrong.

 Business information systems: The diagrams are used to design or analyse relational
databases used in business processes. Any business process that uses fielded data involving
entities, actions and interplay can potentially benefit from a relational database.

 Business process re-engineering (BPR): ER diagrams help in analysing databases used in

business process re-engineering and in modelling a new database setup.

 Education: Databases are today’s method of storing relational information for educational
purposes and later retrieval, so ER Diagrams can be valuable in planning those data
structures.

 Research: Since so much research focuses on structured data, ER diagrams can play a key
role in setting up useful databases to analyse the data

3.3 ER diagram
15
3.4 Class Diagram
Class diagram is a static diagram. It represents the static view of an application. Class diagram is
not only used for visualizing, describing, and documenting different aspects of a system but also for
constructing executable code of the software application.

Class diagram describes the attributes and operations of a class and also the constraints imposed on
the system. The class diagrams are widely used in the modeling of objectoriented systems because
they are the only UML diagrams, which can be mapped directly with object-oriented languages.

Class diagram shows a collection of classes, interfaces, associations, collaborations, and

constraints. It is also known as a structural diagram.

Purpose of class diagram

 Illustrate data models for information systems, no matter how simple or complex.

 Better understand the general overview of the schematics of an application.

 Visually express any specific needs of a system and disseminate that information
throughout the business.

 Create detailed charts that highlight any specific code needed to be programmed and
implemented to the described structure.

 Provide an implementation-independent description of types used in a system that are

later passed between its components.

3.4 Class Diagram

16
3.5 Sequence Diagrams
This diagram illustrates the interactions between various components or objects in a sequential
manner. In your case, it will depict the flow of interactions when a user interacts with the AI-Chat
feature.

3.5 Sequence Diagram

17
 Chapter 4
Construction
4.1 Implementation
This chapter describes the implementation of Craft Connect, including technical details,
database

structure, and testing methods to ensure the platform’s reliability and efficiency.

4.1.1 Implementation Details

The implementation of Craft Connect requires the integration of multiple modules and
services.

Key aspects include:

• Frontend Development: The frontend is built using technologies such as HTML, CSS,

and JavaScript frameworks (e.g., React or Angular) for a responsive and user-friendly

interface. It includes components for user registration, profile management, project

posting, bidding, messaging, and notifications.

• Backend Development: The backend uses a robust framework like Spring Boot or

Node.js to handle business logic, data processing, and API integrations. The backend

manages authentication, project posting and bidding processes, real-time communication,

and payments.

• AI and Machine Learning: Machine learning models are integrated to power the AIbased
vetting system and advanced search functionality. These models assess freelancers’

skills based on their profiles and previous work history.

• Security and Encryption: All sensitive data is encrypted to maintain user privacy and

security, with measures like secure login and role-based access control (RBAC).

• Payment Gateway Integration: Secure APIs from payment processors are integrated to

handle transactions between clients and freelancers.

• Deployment: The platform is hosted on a cloud service (such as AWS or Azure) to ensure

scalability, with load balancing and monitoring to handle traffic and performance.

4.1.2 Database Tables

18
The database is designed to store and manage data efficiently. The following are some key

database tables:

• User Table: Stores user information, including user ID, name, email, password

(encrypted), role (freelancer/client), and verification status.

• Profile Table: Contains details for freelancers and clients, such as skill sets, bio,

experience, ratings, and certifications.

• Project Table: Holds project information, including project ID, title, description, budget,

client ID, and status (open, in progress, completed).

• Bid Table: Records bids placed by freelancers, with columns for bid ID, freelancer ID,

project ID, bid amount, and proposal.

• Message Table: Stores messages exchanged between users, with fields for message ID,

sender ID, receiver ID, message content, timestamp, and read status.

• Payment Table: Contains transaction details, including payment ID, project ID, client

ID, freelancer ID, amount, and status (pending, completed).

• Review Table: Manages client feedback on freelancers and vice versa, with fields for

review ID, reviewer ID, reviewed ID, project ID, rating, and comments.

4.2 Testing
4.2.1 White Box Testing
White-box testing, also known as structural testing or code-based testing, focuses on

testing the internal logic and structure of the application. It requires access to the

source code and typically involves techniques such as code coverage analysis, path

testing, and statement coverage.

Unit Testing: Write unit tests using frameworks like JUnit to test individual

components of the application, such as methods, classes, and functions. Verify that each

unit of code behaves as expected and handles different scenarios appropriately.

Integration Testing: Test the integration of various modules or components within the

application to ensure that they work together correctly. This involves testing

communication between different parts of the system, such as database interactions, API
19
calls, and external services.

4.2.2 Black Box Testing

Black-box testing focuses on testing the functionality of the application without

knowledge of its internal implementation. Testers interact with the application's user

interface and APIs to validate its behaviour against specified requirements.

Functional Testing: Create test cases based on the functional requirements of the

application. Test various features and user interactions to ensure they work as expected.

This includes testing user registration, image recognition, leaderboards, and social

features.

Usability Testing: Evaluate the user interface and user experience of the application.

Ensure that it is intuitive, easy to navigate, and accessible to users. Identify any

usability issues or design flaws that may impact user satisfaction.

Compatibility Testing: Test the application on different devices, browsers, and operating

systems to ensure compatibility and consistency across platforms. Verify that the app.

works seamlessly on mobile devices, tablets, and desktop computers.

4.2.3 Test Cases

Module testing, also known as component testing or program testing, focuses on testing

individual modules or units of code in isolation. It ensures that each module behaves

correctly and meets its specified requirements.

Image Recognition Module Testing: Test the image recognition functionality of the

application thoroughly. Verify that it can accurately identify recyclable items from
useruploaded images under different lighting conditions, angles, and backgrounds.

Database Module Testing: Test the database operations performed by the application, such

as user profile management, leaderboards, and environmental impact tracking. Ensure that

data is stored and retrieved correctly, and that database interactions are handled securely.

API Module Testing: Test the RESTful APIs exposed by the application using tools like

Postman or REST Assured. Verify that APIs accept valid inputs, return the expected

outputs, and handle error conditions gracefully

20
 Chapter 5: Conclusion
The conclusion of the Waste Sorting and Recycling App project would involve several key
aspects:

Achievements and Successes: Highlight the accomplishments and successes of the project,
such as the development of a functional and innovative waste sorting and recycling
application. Discuss how the app achieved its objectives of promoting environmentally
friendly behavior, educating users about recycling practices, and fostering community
engagement.

Challenges and Lessons Learned: Reflect on the challenges encountered during the project
and the lessons learned from overcoming them. This could include technical challenges, such
as integrating image recognition technology, as well as project management challenges, such
as coordinating development tasks and timelines.

User Feedback and Impact: Discuss the feedback received from users and stakeholders
during testing and deployment phases. Highlight any positive feedback received regarding
the app's usability, effectiveness, and impact on recycling habits. Additionally, share any
insights gained from user data and analytics regarding app usage and engagement.

Future Enhancements and Opportunities: Outline potential future enhancements and

opportunities for the app. This could include adding new features or functionalities based on
user feedback, expanding the app's reach to new markets or demographics, or forming
partnerships with additional organizations or businesses in the sustainability sector.

Acknowledgments and Appreciation: Extend gratitude to team members, collaborators,

stakeholders, and supporters who contributed to the success of the project. Acknowledge
their efforts, dedication, and expertise in bringing the app to fruition.

Conclusion Statement: Conclude the project summary with a final statement that
encapsulates the significance of the Waste Sorting and Recycling App. Emphasize its role
in promoting environmental awareness, encouraging sustainable practices, and contributing
to a greener future for society.

21
 Chapter 6: Future Scope
Advanced Image Recognition: Continuously improve the app's image recognition
capabilities by integrating more advanced machine learning algorithms and techniques. This
could involve training the model on a larger dataset of recyclable items and refining its
accuracy and speed.

Personalization and Customization: Implement features that allow users to personalize

their experience and customize the app to their preferences. This could include setting
recycling goals, receiving tailored recommendations based on recycling habits, or earning
rewards for specific achievements.

Augmented Reality (AR) Integration: Explore the integration of AR technology to enhance

the user experience and make waste sorting and recycling more interactive and engaging. For
example, users could use AR to visualize virtual recycling bins in their environment and
practice sorting different items.

Community Engagement and Collaboration: Foster a stronger sense of community and

collaboration among app users by introducing features that facilitate communication,
cooperation, and collective action. This could include organizing virtual clean-up events,
hosting eco-friendly challenges, or connecting users with local sustainability initiatives.

Expansion to New Markets and Regions: Expand the reach of the app to new markets and
regions, both domestically and internationally, to promote waste sorting and recycling on a
global scale. This may involve localizing the app for different languages and tailoring it to
suit the unique recycling infrastructure and practices of each region.

22
 References
Websites:
• “How Freelance Platforms Are Changing the Job Market.” (2023). Freelancer
Insights. Retrieved
from https://www.freelancerinsights.com/changes-in-freelance-market.
• "The Role of AI in Freelance Platforms." (2022). AI Today. Retrieved from
https://www.aitoday.com/ai-in-freelance-platforms.
Tech Documentation:
• Spring Boot Documentation. (2023). Spring Framework. Retrieved from
https://spring.io/projects/spring-boot.
• ReactJS Documentation. (2023). ReactJS. Retrieved from
https://reactjs.org/docs/gettingstarted.html.
Security References:
• O'Reilly, T. (2020). Secure Your Freelance Platform. O'Reilly Media.
• Bogan, J., & Lee, M. (2019). “Data Encryption in Freelance Platforms.” Journal of
Cybersecurity,
11(1), 15-22.
Payment Gateway Integration:
• “How to Integrate Payment Gateways.” (2022). Tech Blog. Retrieved from
https://www.techblog.com/payment-gateway-integration.

23
 Appendix-A

This section includes the visual representation of the system's architecture,

showing how various
components of Craft Connect interact. The diagram should include:
• Frontend: User interface, client-side interactions.
• Backend: Server-side processes, databases, and APIs.
• Database: Tables for user data, projects, bids, transactions, etc.
• AI Services: Integration of AI for vetting and search algorithms.
• Security Features: Encryption, secure payment

24
 Appendix-B

This appendix presents the detailed schema for the database used in Craft
Connect, including
tables and relationships. It could include the following tables:
• Users Table: Stores user information like name, email, password hash,
user type
(freelancer or client), and profile details.
• Projects Table: Stores details of the projects posted by clients (project
title, description,
budget, etc.).
• Bids Table: Stores bid data from freelancers, linking freelancers to
projects.
• Transactions Table: Stores information about payments made for
projects.
• Ratings Table: Stores ratings given by clients and freelancers

25