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    7.3 Trig Sub

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    Venumadhav Tangirala

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    7.3 Trig Sub

    Uploaded by

    Venumadhav Tangirala
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    4 views5 pages

    7.3 Trig Sub

    Uploaded by

    Venumadhav Tangirala

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Math 1132 Worksheet 7.

    3 Name: Discussion Section:

    7.3 Trigonometric Substitution


    In each of the following trigonometric substitution problems, draw a triangle and label
    an angle and all three sides corresponding to the trigonometric substitution you select.
    Table of Trigonometric Substitution
    Expression Substitution Identity
    √ π π
    a2 − x 2 x = a sin θ, − ≤θ≤ 1 − sin2 θ = cos2 θ
    2 2

    √ π π
    a2 + x 2 x = a tan θ, − ≤θ≤ 1 + tan2 θ = sec2 θ
    2 2

    √ π 3π
    x 2 − a2 x = a sec θ, 0 ≤ θ < or π ≤ θ < 1 + tan2 θ = sec2 θ
    2 2

    Z
    dx
    1. Example: Evaluate √ .
    9 − x2

    Thinking about the problem:

    What technique of integration should I use to evaluate the integral and why? Have I

    seen a problem similar to this one before? If so, which technique did I use?

    I know that I need to evaluate an indefinite integral, so I know my answer will include
    1
    +C. To determine which technique to use, I will focus on the integrand, i.e., √ .
    9 − x2
    I think I will use the technique of Trigonometric Substitution to evaluate this integral. I
    √
    noticed that the denominator of the integrand is 9 − x2 , which is a form found in the

    Table of Trigonometric Substitution. I look at the table and find that the substitution
    I want to use is x = 3 sin θ. I can then simplify my integral with this substitution and

    integrate.

    Doing the problem:


    Z
    dx
    I will evaluate √ using the technique of Trigonometric Substitution. I will
    9 − x2
    let x = 3 sin θ and dx = 3 cos θ dθ. Then I can draw a triangle using my choice of

    substitution and find the following picture:

    x
    θ
    √
    9 − x2

    So the new integral is


    Z Z
    dx 3 cos θ dθ
    √ = p
    9 − x2 9 − (3 sin θ)2
    Z
    3 cos θ dθ
    = p
    9(1 − sin2 θ)
    Z
    3 cos θ dθ
    = √
    9 cos2 θ
    Z
    3 cos θ dθ
    =
    3 cos θ
    Z
    = dθ

    = θ + C.
    x
    Since the substitution we used was x = 3 sin θ, then θ = sin−1 . So
    3

    Z
    dx x
    √ = sin−1 + C.
    9 − x2 3

    Solutions should show all of your work, not just a single final answer.

    Z
    dx
    2. Evaluate .
    (9 + x2 )3/2
    (a) State the technique of integration you would use to evaluate the integral.

    (b) Which substitution would you use for x? What would dx be?

    (c) Based on the choice for x, fill in the triangle:

    (d) Using (b), write the new integral.


    Z √
    x2 − 9
    3. Evaluate dx.
    x3
    (a) State the technique of integration you would use to evaluate the integral.

    (b) Which substitution would you use for x? What would dx be?

    (c) Based on the choice for x, fill in the triangle:

    (d) Using (b), write the new integral.

    (e) Using (c) and (d), evaluate the integral.


    3
    x2
    Z
    4. Evaluate √ dx. (Hint: When you make a trigonometric substitution, include
    0 9 − x2
    the bounds of integration in the substitution.)

    Z
    dx
    5. T/F (with justification): To evaluate √ by trigonometric substitution, use
    x2 x2 + 2
    x = 2 tan θ.

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