Vision News Today June 2023

01st JUNE, 2023
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CABINET APPROVES AN INTER-MINISTERIAL COMMITTEE (IMC) FOR FACILITATION OF
WORLD’S LARGEST GRAIN STORAGE PLAN IN COOPERATIVE SECTOR
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Plan entails setting up various types of agri-infrastructure, including
warehouse, custom hiring center, processing units, etc. at Primary Ministry Schemes
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Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS) level, thus transforming them into
Agriculture Infrastructure Fund
multipurpose societies.
Agricultural Marketing
IMC is approved by convergence of various schemes of various ministries Ministry of Infrastructure Scheme
(refer table). Agriculture and
Farmers Welfare Mission for Integrated
IMC will be constituted under chairmanship of Minister of Cooperation
(MoA&FW) Development of Horticulture
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with ministers of MoA&FW, MoCAF&PD and MoFPI as members.
Sub Mission on Agricultural
Ministry of Cooperation will implement a pilot project in at least 10
Mechanization
selected Districts of different States/ UTs.
Also, a National Level Coordination Committee, implementation Ministry of
guidelines and a portal for linkage of PACS with Govt. of India and State Consumer Affairs, Allocation of food grains under
the National Food Security Act
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Governments will be rolled out. Food and Public
Benefits of the plan Distribution Procurement operations at
Minimum Support Price
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Will address not just the shortage of agricultural storage (MoCAF&PD)
infrastructure, but would also strengthen PACS to undertake various
other activities such as: Pradhan Mantri Formalization
of Micro Food Processing
Functioning as Procurement centres for State Agencies/ Food Ministry of Food Enterprises Scheme
Corporation of India. Processing
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Industries (MoFPI) Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada
Serving as Fair Price Shops.
Yojana
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Setting up common processing units.
Creation of decentralized storage capacity at the local level would reduce food grain wastage.
Would prevent distress sale of crops, thus enabling the farmers to realise better prices for their produce.
SEBI PROPOSES ADDITIONAL DISCLOSURE FOR HIGH-RISK FOREIGN PORTFOLIO

INVESTORS (FPIs)
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SEBI released a Consultation Paper on framework for mandating
To remove ambiguity over FPI and FDI, Minister of
additional disclosures from FPIs to enhance trust in the Indian securities Finance while presenting the 2013-14 budget
markets. announced that
SEBI has identified several issues w.r.t FPIs including: where an investor has a stake of 10 percent or
Concentrated investments by some FPIs raise concern that promoters less in a company, it will be treated as FII and,
of such corporate groups, or other investors acting in concert, could be where an investor has a stake of more than 10
using the FPI route for circumventing regulatory requirements. percent, it will be treated as FDI.
FPI route can be used to circumvent the government regulation, under which an entity of a country sharing land border with India
can invest only under the Government Route.
SEBI’s new proposal include:
FPIs may be further categorized as Low (Government and related entities), Moderate (Pension Funds or Public Retail Funds) and
High Risk (All other FPIs).
Enhanced transparency measures for fully identifying all holders of ownership, economic, and control rights may be mandated
for certain objectively identified high-risk FPIs.
FPIs with an exposure of more than 50% to a single group or with assets of over Rs 25,000 crore will be tagged as ‘high risk’ and
will be required to provide additional information.
Disclosures by FPIs must be unconstrained by any thresholds set by PMLA (Prevention of Money Laundering) rules and FPI
regulations.
8468022022 www.visionias.in
MINISTRY OF ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (MeitY) LAUNCHES

PILOT PROJECT ON ELECTRONICS REPAIR SERVICES OUTSOURCING (ERSO)
MeitY, along with several other ministries/departments, converged with industry to launch ERSO Pilot initiative to make India the
Repair Capital of the World.
Over the next 5 years, ERSO industry is likely to fetch India around $20 billion in revenue and also generate millions of jobs.
Global electronic equipment repair service market is forecast to reach USD 188 billion by 2026.
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ERSO involves outsourcing defective/damaged electronic items to Indian repair service organizations for repair, refurbishment,
and calibration to achieve optimal functionality.
India’s advantage in the ERSO sector
Availability of a skilled & affordable workforce provides significant repair advantage (almost 57% more competitive than China)
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over other countries.
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Factors such as availability of electronic equipment insurance, right to repair concept, Domestic Digital push by Government.
Other factors include innovative offerings to target customers, rapid urbanization and technological advancements, growing
demand for refurbished electronic equipment etc.
Significance for India: Contribution to Mission LiFE and Circular Economy, Incremental tax revenue for the Government, skill
enhancement of workforce, growth of MSME sector etc.
GOVERNMENT INVITES
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CABINET APPROVES CITY INVESTMENTS TO
INNOVATE, INTEGRATE AND SUSTAIN 2.0 (CITIIS 2.0) APPLICATIONS FOR SETTING UP
CITIIS, a sub-component of Smart Cities Mission, is a joint program of Ministry
SEMICONDUCTOR AND DISPLAY
of Housing and Urban Affairs, Agence Francaise de Development (AFD), FABS AS PER MODIFIED
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SEMICON INDIA PROGRAMME
European Union (EU), and National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA).
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CITIIS 1.0 was launched in 2018 and assisted 12 cities across India in
sustainable urban infrastructure projects. In 2021, Ministry of Electronics and
CITIIS 2.0 is a program by MoHUA in partnership with AFD, Kreditanstalt für Information Technology (MeitY) launched
Wiederaufbau (KfW), EU, and NIUA. Semicon India programme with a financial
outlay of INR 76,000 crore for developing a
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Program will run from 2023 till 2027. sustainable semiconductor and display
Funding support will include loan from AFD and KfW and a technical ecosystem.
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assistance grant from EU. In 2022, several modifications to the
CITIIS 2.0 envisages to support competitively selected projects promoting programme were approved.
circular economy with focus on About Modified Semicon India Programme
Integrated waste management at the city level, Schemes under programme include
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Climate-oriented reform actions at the State level, and Modified Scheme for setting up of
Semiconductor Fabs in India
Institutional strengthening and knowledge dissemination at National level.
Modified Scheme for setting up of Display
CITIIS 2.0 has three major components:
Fabs in India
Financial and technical support for developing projects Modified Scheme for setting up of
Component 1 focused on building climate resilience, adaptation and Compound Semiconductors / Silicon
mitigation in up to 18 smart cities. Photonics / Sensors Fab / Discrete
Semiconductors Fab and Semiconductor
States will be provided support to ATMP / OSAT facilities in India
Set-up/strengthen their existing State climate centres/ Design Linked Incentive (DLI) Scheme
Climate cells/ equivalents. Fiscal incentive of 50% of the project cost is
Create State and city level Climate Data Observatories. available to companies/consortia/ joint
Component 2 Facilitate climate-data driven planning, develop climate ventures for setting up of Semiconductor Fabs
action plans. and Display fabs of specified technologies in
India.
Build capacities of municipal functionaries.
Application window is open till December
All States and UTs will be eligible for support on demand basis.
2024.
Interventions at all three levels; Centre, State and City to India Semiconductor Mission, within Digital
Component 3 further climate governance in urban India. India Corporation, MeitY, is the nodal agency
for implementing Programme.
CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY (CEA) NOTIFIES THE NATIONAL ELECTRICITY PLAN

(NEP) FOR THE PERIOD OF 2022-32
NEP includes the review of last five
years (2017-22), a detailed plan for next HQ
five years (2022-27) and prospective Central Electricity Authority (CEA)

plan for 2027-32. New Delhi
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As per Electricity Act 2003, CEA is
required to prepare a NEP in Genesis: It is a statutory body, which has been constituted under the
accordance with National Electricity Electricity Act, 2003.
Policy and notify such Plan once in
five years. Functions: It advises central government on the matters relating to the
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national electricity policy, formulate short-term and perspective plans for
Key highlights of NEP development of the electricity system.
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Peak electricity demand would rise It also specifies technical standards and safety requirements for electrical
from 203 Gigawatt (GW) in 2021-22 plants, and electric lines.
to 277.2 GW in 2026-27.
Regulate inter-State transmission of electricity, regulate tariff of generating
Likely installed capacity for the year companies etc.
2026-27 will be 609,591 MW with
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around 57.4% non-fossil based Members: It consists of not more than 14 members including Chairperson,
capacity (from around 42.5% as on who hold office during the pleasure of the Central Government.
April’2023).
Installed renewable capacity will include mostly solar, followed by wind, hydro, biomass and battery energy storage system.
Total CO2 emissions projected will increase from 1002 Million Tonnes in 2021-22 to 1100 Million Tonnes in 2031-32.
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Average CO2 emission rate from coal based stations has been on a declining trend indicating improvement in efficiency of
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power generation from coal based power plants.
ALSO IN NEWS
UAE withdrew its participation in CMF.
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Headquartered in Bahrain, CMF is a multinational maritime partnership (India also a member),
that focuses on counter-narcotics, counter-smuggling, suppressing piracy, training etc.
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CMF also respond to environmental and humanitarian incidents.
Combined task forces of CMF include Maritime Security Operations outside Arabian Gulf,
Combined Maritime
Forces (CMF) Maritime Security Operations inside Arabian Gulf, Red Sea maritime security etc.
CMF is Commanded by a U.S. Navy Vice Admiral.
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Cabinet approved establishment of a Regional Office of UPU in New Delhi.
Established in 1874, UPU is one of the oldest international organization worldwide.
HQs: Swiss capital Berne.
It has 192 member countries (including India).
Universal Postal It is the primary forum for cooperation between the postal sector entities.
Union (UPU) It sets the rules for international mail exchanges and makes recommendations to stimulate
growth in mail, parcel and financial services volumes.
According to a NITI Aayog member, more than half of India’s cultivated land now has access to
assured irrigation.
In 2022-23, of 210 million hectares of gross sown area, nearly 55%, had irrigation access.
Increase in irrigation cover is attributed to expansion especially in dryland farm zones of
Telangana, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka.
Increase has been driven by Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY), Accelerated
Increased in irrigation
Irrigation Benefit Programme, Har Khet Ko Paani-Surface Minor Irrigation etc.
cover
Out of total irrigated area, 40% is currently watered through canal networks, and 60% through
groundwater.
DELHI | JAIPUR | PUNE | HYDERABAD | AHMEDABAD | LUCKNOW | CHANDIGARH | GUWAHATI 3/4

A research has flagged that 7 of the 8

ESBs that are critical for stability of
the Earth’s health and survival of
species have already been crossed.
ESBs are scientifically quantified safe
and just limits for climate, freshwater,
biodiversity and different kinds of
pollution.
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By operating within these limits, we
Earth System can maintain a stable and resilient
planet with accessibility to
Boundaries (ESBs)
necessary resources.
These are hard limits and even
temporary overshooting of some of the boundaries can permanently damage the planet’s
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critical systems.
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Astronomers have discovered a new asteroid (dubbed 2023 FW13) along Earth recently.
It is considered a "quasi-moon" or "quasi-satellite," meaning it orbits the sun in a similar time
frame as Earth does, but is only slightly influenced by Earth’s gravitational pull.
Experts believe that it has been orbiting Earth since 100 BC.
Quasi-moon Earlier, a quasi-satellite known as Kamo'oalewa was also discovered in 2016.
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Elon Musk’s neurotechnology company Neuralink has received approval from US Food and
Drugs Administration (FDA) to conduct human trials of brain implants.
Neuralink is making a medical device known as a Brain-Computer interface (BCI) or Link.
Device connects the brain to an external computer via a Bluetooth signal, enabling
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continuous communication back and forth.
It could enable precise control of prosthetic limbs, mimicking natural motor functions and
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Neuralink Chip revolutionize treatments for conditions such as parkinson’s, epilepsy, spinal cord injuries,
autism, depression etc.
Indian Council of Medical Research National Institute of Virology (ICMR NIV) has joined CLN
that works to test vaccines which can be used during pandemic, epidemic disease outbreak.
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CLN is a part of the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) and is largest
global group which has standardised methods and materials for testing vaccines.
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As CLN members, each institution will support the rapid development of novel vaccines
Centralized Laboratory against a future Disease X – a newly identified pathogen with epidemic or pandemic potential.
Network (CLN) In interepidemic periods, facilities will support vaccine development against one or more of
CEPI’s priority diseases – Chikungunya, Lassa virus, MERS, Nipah etc.
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Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs notified Metro Railways (Carriage and Ticket) Amendment
Rules, 2023 to allow transportation of human organs or tissues or both for organ transplant.
Existing rule prohibited carrying of blood dried or coagulated or decomposed, whether human
or animal, corpses, carcasses of dead animals or of dead birds, bones (excluding bleached or
Human organs and tissue cleaned bones), human skeleton, parts of human body etc.
transport through Metro Also, portable radio devices which possess risk to radio communication network and
rail services communication based traffic control signalling network are prohibited in metro rail service.
HQ
Ahilyabai Holkar (1725 – 1795)
Maharashtra government has decided to rename Ahmednagar district as Ahilyanagar.
She was a 18th century Malwa queen.
She took control of Malwa in 1754 after her husband’s (Khande Rao) death in Battle of Kumbher
against king of Bharatpur.
Highlights/achievements of her rule
She excelled at administrative and military strategies and during her rule perfect order and good
government prevailed.
City of Maheshwar became a literary, musical, artistic and industrial centre, and she helped
Personalities in News establish a textile industry there, which is now home to famous Maheshwari saris.
Restoration/revamp of various temples including Kashi Vishwanath, Badrinath, Dwarka,
Omkareshwari etc.
Ethical values: Courage, Compassion, Great administrator etc.

02nd JUNE, 2023
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LAW COMMISSION RECOMMENDS RETENTION OF SEDITION LAW IN INDIA
The Law Commission in its 279th report stated that Section 124A needs to be retained in the Indian Penal Code (IPC) through
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certain amendments.
Recommendations on Sedition
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Sedition being a colonial law not a valid ground for its repeal.
It should be made punishable with life imprisonment or for a term up to 7 years or with a fine.
FIR be filed only after preliminary inquiry and permission from the government by amending Section 154 of the Code of
Criminal Procedure.
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Amend Section 124A to align with Kedar Nath’s Case (1962) which underlines the presence of a tendency to incite violence as a
precondition to invoke the clause.
IPC defines sedition as offense: bringing hatred/contempt, exciting disaffection towards the established government by law by:
words, either spoken or written.
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signs.
visible representation, or otherwise.
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Sedition is a cognizable, non-bailable, and non-compoundable offenses, entailing life imprisonment as maximum punishment, with
or without a fine.
In May 2022 (SG Vombatkere vs UOI), SC had held that sedition law should be effectively kept in abeyance till the Union
government reconsiders the provision.
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INDIA, NEPAL SIGNED PACT ON INFRASTRUCTURE AND CROSS-BORDER ENERGY
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Both sides highlighted that the India-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1950 forms the basis of relations between the two
countries.
The treaty talks about the common treatment of Indian and Nepali citizens in the two countries: residence, property, business,
and movement.
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Key Highlights
Infrastructure:
Agreements between NHPC and VUCL (Vidyut Utpadan Company Ltd), Nepal, for the development of the Phukot Karnali
Hydroelectric Project.
Project Development Agreement for the Lower Arun Hydroelectric Project between SJVN (India) and the Investment Board of
Nepal.
India set a target of importing 10,000 MW of electricity from Nepal.
Phase-II facilities under Motihari-Amlekhgunj Petroleum Pipeline. Nepal acts as a buffer state against any
SIGNIFICANCE OF NEPAL
Connectivity: possible aggression from China.
35-km cross-border railway line linking Jaynagar in Bihar to Kurtha in Nepal.

Shares a border with five Indian states
FOR INDIA
Signed the Revised Transit Agreement (1992) that will help Nepal access to Sikkim, West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar
India’s inland waterways. Pradesh, and Uttarakhand.
Inaugurated the Indian Railway cargo train from Bathnaha in India to Nepal
Customs Yard. Source of rivers
Others
Nepal signed a framework to join the India-led International Solar Alliance.
To set up a fertilizer plant in Nepal. People-to-people connection
Integrated Check posts at Rupaidiha in India and Nepalgunj in Nepal.
ARREST WARRANT OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT (ICC)

South Africa is thinking about legal options if Russian President, the subject of a war crimes arrest warrant issued by the ICC, did
attend the BRICS summit.
As a member of the ICC, South Africa would theoretically be required to arrest Russian President if he attended.
States Parties to the Rome Statute have a legal obligation to cooperate.
About ICC (HQ- Hague, Netherlands)
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It is an international court to investigate and prosecute individuals accused SOURCES OF CASES BEFORE THE COURT:
of serious international crimes: genocide, crimes against humanity, war
crimes, and aggression. Member country can refer situation within its
territory to the court.
It was established by the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court in
1998. UN Security Council can refer to a situation-
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in this all-UN Member States must cooperate
It has jurisdiction only over crimes committed after July 1, 2002, when the
regardless of party status.
Rome Statute entered into force.
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The Court does not have its own police force. Accordingly, it relies on State Prosecutor can initiate an investigation into
cooperation, which is essential to the arrest and surrender of suspects. member state.
CENTRE TO RECRUIT SENIOR

There are 123 countries party to the Rome Statute.
Countries that never signed the treaty: India, China, Iraq, North Korea,
Saudi Arabia, Turkey, etc OFFICERS THROUGH LATERAL
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Countries signed but not ratified the treaty: Egypt, Iran, Israel, Russia, the
United States, etc.
ENTRY MODE
The Department of Personnel and Training
INDIA APPEALS TO WTO OVER DISPUTED ICT TARIFFS (DoPT) has asked the Union Public Service
ON MOBILE PHONES
Commission (UPSC) to induct these senior
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officers from the private sector.
European Union, Chinese Taipei, and Japan raised the issue that India violated its Lateral entry is referred to as the appointment
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zero-tariff commitment under the Information Technology Agreement (ITA) of private sector specialists in government
under the multilateral trade body. departments.
India, which is a signatory to the 1996 ITA, is required to eliminate tariffs on a This is the 4th such lateral entry initiative
range of products, including mobile handsets. since it was introduced in 2018.
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However, India claimed that at the time of signing the ITA, products such as Idea has been advocated by Surinder Nath
smartphones did not exist, and hence, not bound to eliminate tariffs on such Committee (2003), Hota Committee (2004)
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items. and Second ARC (2008).
The appeal filed is only against the order on the dispute with Japan. NITI Aayog, in its three-year Action Agenda
(2017—2020), recommended the induction of
About ITA
personnel at middle and senior management
It is a plurilateral agreement of the WTO. levels in the central government.
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It covers a large number of high-technology products, including computers, Arguments in favour:
telecommunication equipment, semiconductors, semiconductor
Twin objective of bringing in fresh talent as
manufacturing, etc.
well as augment the availability of
It covers 81 WTO members, which account for approximately 97 percent of manpower.
world trade in information technology products.
Domain expertise synthesised with the
Dispute resolution in WTO multi-sectoral wisdom of the permanent civil
There are two main ways to settle a dispute once a complaint has been filed in service may help in producing a better
WTO: output.
Parties find a mutually agreed solution, particularly during the phase of Increasing complexity in governance due to
bilateral consultations. factors like digitalization of governance,
financial frauds, cybercrime.
Through adjudication, including the subsequent implementation of the panel
and Appellate Body reports. It will increase efficiency by imparting
competition within the governance.
Arguments against:
Difficulty in adjusting to the bureaucratic
work culture.
Short tenures are not conducive to hold
accountability.
Lack of field experience.
ALSO IN NEWS
The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) celebrated 3 years journey of PM SVANidhi.
The government also launched a PM SVANidhi mobile app for street vendors, to ease the loan
application process.
About PM SVANidhi
Type: Central Sector Scheme.
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PM Street Vendor's
AtmaNirbhar Nidhi (PM Ministry: Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
SVANidhi) Yojana Objectives: To facilitate collateral free working capital loans of up to INR10,000/- of one-year
tenure, to approximately 50 lakh street vendors.
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CBDT exempted buyers from gift tax when they acquire equity shares in public-sector units
(PSUs) through strategic disinvestment.
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About Gift tax:
A “gift” can be in the form of money and movable/immovable property that an individual
receives from another individual or organization without making a payment.
Before the amendment, the difference in book value and fair market value was considered
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deemed income for the buyer under Section 56(2)(x) of the Income Tax Act.
Gift tax
For the buyer, the difference is treated as deemed income, which gets taxed at the rate
applicable to the individual.
The relaxation will stay as long as the strategic investor retains at least 51 per cent in the PSU
after the takeover.
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The International Labour Organisation (ILO) has released its 11th edition of the World of Work
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report.
Key highlight
Uneven impact of the polycrisis (simultaneous occurrence of several catastrophic events like
the war in Ukraine and the lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic)
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The World of Work The projected global unemployment rate for 2023 is expected to fall below pre-pandemic
report levels.
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The ILO has introduced a new indicator called the jobs gap. This encompasses all individuals
who desire employment but are currently jobless.
According to annual RBI report, over the last three years private sector banks reported maximum
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number of frauds, public sector banks continued to contribute maximum to the fraud amount.
Frauds have occurred predominantly in digital payments (card/internet) in terms of number.
In terms of value, frauds have been in the loan portfolio (advances category) .
Strategy to deal with fraud
Strengthening and enhancement of early warning signal (EWS) and Fraud Risk Management
Fraud Analysis System (FRMS).
by RBI Market risk - conducting scenario analysis and providing an input for system stress test (Utkarsh
2.0).
New study discovers 62 desiccation-tolerant vascular plant species in India's Western Ghats,
having applications in agriculture.
DT Plants are plants that are capable to withstand extreme dehydration, losing up to 95% of
their water content, and they revive themselves once water is available again.
Plants resistant to desiccation are commonly known as “resurrection plants” (vascular and
non-vascular plants).
Desiccation-tolerant In tropical regions, they are the predominant occupants of rock outcrops.
vascular (DT) plants Rock outcrops are visible exposures of bedrock or other geologic formations at the surface of
the Earth.

Civil Aviation Ministry has prepared the draft after reviewing the existing Aircraft Act, 1934.
Aim: To have an Act to make better provisions for regulation and control of the design,
manufacture, possession, etc. It also seeks to bring India in line with the Chicago Convention.
India is member of Convention on International Civil Aviation, 1944 (also known as Chicago
The Draft Aircraft Convention).
Bill, 2023 It aim to achieve the sustainable growth of the global civil aviation system.
The Odisha government decided to procure sal seeds (Shorea robusta) from nine districts.
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Odisha account for 25% of sal seeds production in the country.
Key Features
The sal tree is native to India, Myanmar and Nepal.
It occurs in tropical deciduous dry forests and in evergreen moist forests.
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Sal seeds It is resistant to fire, thus often a dominant tree in Indian forests.
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Soil: deep, sandy, moist soils.
Classified under the Minor Forest Produce and state government provides Minimum Support Price.
The Indian Navy achieved a unique feat after an MH-60 ‘Romeo’ multi-mission helicopter landed
on the indigenously-built aircraft carrier INS Vikrant.
About MH-60R helicopter:
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Manufactured by Lockheed Martin Corporation, it is an all-weather helicopter designed to
support multiple missions with state-of-the-art avionics and sensors.
MH-60R Romeo
It is a versatile platform known for its exceptional Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW), surveillance,
helicopter anti-shipping, and search and rescue capabilities.
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Press Information Bureau (PIB) marked its centennial anniversary
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About Press Information Bureau (PIB)
HQ:
Press Information Bureau (PIB)

New Delhi
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About : Nodal agency of the Government of India to disseminate information to the
print and electronic media on government policies, programmes etc.
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Genesis:
Set up as a temporary cell (under then British government) in 1919. In 1923, the bureau
was made permanent as the Bureau of Public Information.
Press Information
It acquired its present name in 1946, and became a department of the Ministry of
Bureau (PIB)
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Information and Broadcasting after 1947.
Headed by: Principal Director General (Media & Communication) who is assisted by a
Director General and eight Additional Director Generals.
Functions: Activities can be broadly classified in three Categories: Information,

Education & Communication; Feedback and Accreditation & Special Services.
The Ministry of Culture celebrated the Telangana Formation Day at Golconda Fort (located in
Hyderabad city) in Telangana. HQ
About Golconda Fort:
The history of Golconda Fort goes back to early 13th century, when it was ruled by the
Kakatiya’s followed by Qutub Shahi kings (ruled the region in 16th and 17th century).
Qutb Shahi Sultans developed the present architecture, a gigantic granite stronghold.
Golconda Fort Golconda was the principal capital of the Qutub Shahi kings.
Acoustical effects at Fateh Darwaza (Victory gate) is one among the many famous engineering
marvels at Golconda.

03rd JUNE, 2023
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION (MOE) RELEASES UGC (INSTITUTIONS DEEMED TO BE

UNIVERSITIES) REGULATIONS, 2023
Superseding UGC (Institutions Deemed to be Universities) Regulations 2019,
new regulations will encourage universities to focus on quality & excellence, DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY (DtbU)
strengthen research ecosystem and transform higher education landscape.
UGC Act 1956 provides for Central
Earlier, Regulations was notified in 2010 and revised in 2016 and 2019.
Government to declare any institution
Salient features of regulations other than a University to a status of
Institution DtbU under Section 2(f ). Upon
Regulations are aligned with National Education Policy, 2020. declaration, such institution shall be
Eligibility criteria to apply for deemed-to-be university status is deemed to be a university.
NAAC ‘A’ grade with at least a 3.01 CGPA for three consecutive cycles.
NBA accreditation for two third of eligible programmes for three consecutive cycles.
In top 50 of any specific category of NIRF (National Institutional Ranking Framework) for last three years continuously.
In top 100 of overall NIRF Ranking for last three years continuously.
Cluster of institutions managed by more than one sponsoring body can apply for Deemed to be University (DtbU) status.
Institutions DtbU may start new courses or programs in any field, with prior approval of its Executive Council and, also wherever
applicable, with approval of relevant statutory council.
Institutions DtbU shall compulsorily create Academic Bank of Credits (ABC) identities of their students and upload their credit
scores in digital lockers.
“BRIDGING THE GAP: IDENTIFYING CHALLENGES IN CYBERSECURITY SKILLING AND

BRIDGING THE DIVIDE” REPORT RELEASED
Report was released by Data Security Council of India (DSCI) in knowledge
partnership with Ernst & Young. RECOMMENDATIONS
It aims to analyse demand and supply of skilled cybersecurity professionals Map industry relevant skills, design and
in India, reasons for shortage of skilled professionals, and explore deliver skilling programs, promote
solutions to address these gaps. corporates driven training initiatives.
Key findings Formulate strong inclusive policies and
actively seek diversity while recruiting
Almost half of the corporates stated that Cybersecurity professionals
candidates for Cybersecurity job.
constitute less than 5% of company's overall workforce.
Top three attacks like i.e., phishing (Fraudulent emails), smishing (fraudulent text), and vishing attacks (voice), followed by
ransomware attacks and zero-day exploit, are projected to increase significantly.
Presently, 43% corporates have women participation between 21%-40% of overall Cybersecurity workforce.
As per CERT-In, number of cyber-attacks has increased from 41 thousand in 2017 to 14 lakhs in 2021.
Challenges in implementing Skilling Programme
Difficulty in availability of funds with training providers, and digital infrastructure for Cybersecurity skilling programs.
Insufficient availability of skilled faculties/trainers; lack of experience of trainers in knowledge industry and lack of certified
trainers.
“FOR ALL HUMANITY —THE FUTURE OF OUTER SPACE GOVERNANCE” POLICY BRIEF
RELEASED BY UNITED NATION
It contains an outline of major trends that are impacting space sustainability and the positive impact that these trends could have on
achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) such as
Space applications and technology directly and indirectly prevent and reduce
RECOMMENDATIONS
poverty (SDG-1).
Develop norms and principles for
Satellite-enabled remote learning has helped to reduce the disruption of space debris removal that take into
education for millions of children (SDG 4). account the legal and scientific aspects
of space debris removal.
Space technology and applications are crucial for effective climate action
(SDG 13). Develop an effective framework for
sustainable exploration,
Existing Space governance framework exploitation, and utilization of Moon
UN established the Committee on Peaceful Uses of Outer Space in 1959. and other celestial bodies.
Outer Space Treaty (OST), 1967 binds the states to use outer space only for
peaceful purposes. BRICS FOREIGN MINISTERS
India is a party to all major treaties/regulations related to outer space PITCH FOR USE OF LOCAL
CURRENCIES IN INTERNATIONAL
including OST, Rescue Agreement, Liability Convention and Registration
Convention and has also signed Moon Treaty.
Space based challenges: No agreed international framework on space resource TRADE
exploration, exploitation, and utilization; Preventing Conflict in outer space; Lack of
coordination in space traffic management; space debris etc. Joint statement titled 'The Cape of Good Hope'
issued at the end of meeting of BRICS Ministers
RAJASTHAN BEING CONSIDERED A POTENTIAL SITE

of Foreign Affairs and International Relations
comprised:
FOR STRATEGIC RESERVES OF CRUDE OIL IN SALT Committing themselves to support
CAVERNS rule-based open and transparent global
trade.
Government-owned consultancy Pressed for a robust Global Financial Safety
firm Engineers India (EIL) is
STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVES (SPR)
Net with a quota-based and adequately
studying prospects and India’s SPR have a cumulative capacity of resourced International Monetary Fund
feasibility of developing salt 5.33 Million Metric Tonnes (MMT) of (IMF) at its centre.
cavern-based strategic oil crude oil, and can meet around 9.5 days
Underlined the need for using local
reserves in Rajasthan to achieve of the country’s oil demand.
currencies in international trade and
energy security. International Energy Agency (IEA) financial transactions (De-dollarisation).
Rajasthan, which has bulk of (India, an associate member)
recommends that all countries should De-dollarisation refers to the process whereby
requisite salt formations in
hold an emergency oil stockpile countries tend to reduce their reliance on US
India, is seen as the most
sufficient to provide 90 days of import dollar as a reserve currency, medium of
conducive for developing
protection. exchange, and also a unit of account.
salt cavern-based strategic
storage facilities. Presently, India has three SPRs (made up Significance of De-dollarisation
of excavated rock caverns) at Mangalore Reduce other countries’ dependence on US
Construction of strategic oil
1.5 MMT, Padur 2.5 MMT (both in dollar and US economy.
reserves facilities is managed
Karnataka), and Visakhapatnam 1.33
by Indian Strategic Countries can reduce their exposure to
MMT (Andhra Pradesh).
Petroleum Reserve Limited currency fluctuations and interest rate
(ISPRL), special purpose Another 6.5 MMT of strategic crude
changes.
vehicle, under Ministry of reserves is planned at Chandikhol 4
Petroleum and Natural Gas. MMT (Odisha) and Padur 2.5 MMT. Help to improve economic stability and
reduce risk of financial crises.
Salt cavern-based reserves vs. Rock cavern-based reserves
Steps taken by India to promote Rupee
Unlike underground rock caverns, which are developed through excavation,
salt caverns are developed by process of solution mining, which involves Recently, 18 countries, including UK, Germany,
pumping water into geological formations with large salt deposits to dissolve Russia etc., have been given permission to
the salt. trade in Indian rupees.
Process is simpler, faster, and less cost-intensive than developing excavated Indian and Russian banks Open Special
rock caverns. Vostro Accounts for trade in rupee.
Unlike rock caverns, salt cavern-based storages can be created and operated India’s new Foreign Trade Policy (2023) will
almost entirely from the surface. support international trade in rupee.
INSURANCE REGULATORY AND DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY OF INDIA (IRDAI) ISSUED

DRAFT GUIDELINES FOR BIMA VAHAKS
Bima Vahaks, a core component of IRDAI’s ‘Insurance for all by 2047’ INSURANCE SECTOR IN INDIA
goal, aims to improve accessibility and availability of insurance in
country. India is the fifth largest life insurance market in the
world's emerging insurance markets, growing at a rate of
Objective of ‘Insurance for All’ by 2047 is that every citizen has an 32-34% each year.
appropriate life, health and property insurance cover and every
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For insurance company, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
enterprise is supported by appropriate insurance solutions.
under automatic method is allowed up to 74%.
Three pillars of entire insurance ecosystem: Insurance customers
IRDAI is a statutory body formed under IRDAI Act 1999
(policyholders), Insurance providers (insurers) and Insurance for overall supervision and development of Insurance
distributers (intermediaries). sector in India. IRDAI’s powers and functions are laid down
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Objectives of Bima Vahak guidelines in IRDAI Act, 1999 and Insurance Act, 1938.
Establish dedicated distribution channel focused on enhancing insurance inclusion and creating awareness in every Gram
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Panchayat.
Identification and development of local resources within each Gram Panchayat, with a special focus on encouraging
onboarding of women as Bima Vahaks to gain the trust of locals.
Guidelines define two types of Bima Vahaks
Corporate Bima Vahaks: Refer to legal entities registered under Indian laws and engaged by insurers.
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Individual Bima Vahaks: Can be either appointed by an insurer or appointed by a Corporate Bima Vahak.
Activities assigned to Bima Vahaks include collecting proposal information, KYC compliance, coordination and support in policy,
claims-related servicing, etc.
ALSO IN NEWS
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RBI has released draft regulations on cyber resilience and digital payment security controls for
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PSOs to improve safety and security of payment systems operated by PSOs.
PSOs will have to report any unusual incident including those involving cyber-attacks, internal
fraud etc. to RBI within six hours of detection.
Draft directions cover robust governance mechanisms for identification, assessment, monitoring,
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and management of cyber security risks.
RBI’s Payment
System Operators Provisions of these directions shall apply to all authorised non-bank PSOs.
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(PSOs) norms Board of PSOs has been made responsible for ensuring adequate oversight over information
security risk.
US Senate gave final approval to $31.4 trillion debt
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ceiling package.
Debt ceiling is the limit on amount of money the US
government can borrow to pay for services, such as
social security, Medicare and military.
To borrow money, US treasury issues securities, like
US government bonds, that it will eventually pay
Debt Ceiling
back with interest.
Once the US government hits its debt limit, treasury department cannot issue more securities,
essentially stopping a key flow of money into federal government.
World Trade Organisation (WTO) has raised concerns over poor utilisation of DFQF scheme by
India for Least Developed Countries (LDCs).
Decision to provide DFQF access for LDCs was an outcome of WTO Hong Kong Ministerial
Meeting in 2005.
Decision requires all developed and developing country members declaring themselves in
a position to do so, to provide preferential market access for all products originating from
Duty Free Quota Free all LDCs.
(DFQF) scheme India became the first developing country to extend this facility to LDCs in 2008.
Scheme was expanded in 2014 providing preferential market access on about 98.2 percent
of India’s tariff lines to LDCs.

As per United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)

report, there is no slowdown of trade in methamphetamine
and other illegal drugs originating from a golden triangle of
Southeast Asia.
Golden Triangle includes the area of three countries namely
Myanmar, Laos, and Thailand.
Its location in a remote area and rough terrains has
historically made it a difficult area for the government to
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Golden Triangle infiltrate.
It is a major source of drug supply to India along with Golden Crescent (comprising
Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan).
EIACP Programme Centre at Raipur has created a world record by taking a LiFE (Lifestyle for
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Environment) pledge of over 12.38 lakh by people to conserve environment.
About EIACP
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It is a project funded by Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), to
facilitate collection, analysis and dissemination of information on various facets of environment.
Environmental
It is one of the Central Sector sub- scheme being implemented in alignment with Mission LiFE.
Information Awareness
Capacity Building and Program is dedicated to raising awareness, building capacity, and promoting sustainable
actions among individuals and communities across India.
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Livelihood Programme
(EIACP) It encompasses the best functional aspects of erstwhile Environmental Information System
(ENVIS) Scheme.
Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) transferred cost effective Li-ion
battery recycling technology to nine recycling industries.
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It can help in recovering more than 95 percent Lithium (Li), Cobalt (Co), Manganese (Mn) and
Nickel (Ni) contents from discarded Li-ion batteries.
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Li-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery that is charged and discharged by lithium ions
moving between negative (anode) and positive (cathode) electrodes.
Lithium (Li)-ion Advantages of Li batteries over other batteries: Higher voltage, long life cycle, low
battery self-discharge rate, low maintenance and environment friendly as they do not contain toxic
cadmium.
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Nepal’s Prime Minister offered prayers at famous Mahakaleshwar temple in Ujjain city of Madhya
Pradesh.
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Mahakaleshwar temple is one of the 12 Jyotirlingas in the country and only jyotirlinga facing
the south, while all the others face east.
It is dedicated to Lord Shiva.
Temple finds its mention in Kalidasa’s Raghuvansam and Meghadutam. Also, in Harsacharit
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and Kadambari of Banabhatta, Naisadhacharit of Sri Harsa, and Navasahasamkacharit of
Padmagupta.
Mahakaleshwar
After Gaznavid attack and destruction, it was re-built during the reign of Udayaditya and
Temple Naravarman (Parmara Dynasty).
It was built in Bhumija style of architecture.
Senegal (Capital: Dakar)

Clashes in Senegal kill at least 9.
Political Boundaries
Bounded by Sénégal River (north and northeast), HQ
which separates it from Mauritania; Mali (east);
Guinea and Guinea-Bissau (south); and Atlantic
Ocean (west).
Places in News
Located at westernmost point of the continent.
Geographical features
Major rivers: Sénégal, Saloum, Gambia (Gambie),
and Casamance rivers.
Highest point: Nepen Diakha Mountains.
It is a flat country that lies in depression known as Senegal-Mauritanian Basin.

04th & 05th JUNE, 2023
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MINISTRY OF HEALTH & FAMILY WELFARE BANS 14 FIXED DOSE COMBINATION (FDC)
DRUGS CITING HEALTH 'RISK'
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Ban, under Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940, comes after recommendations by
BANNED DRUGS INCLUDE
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an expert committee that there is no therapeutic justification for this FDC and
FDC may involve risk to human beings. Those used for treating common infections,
cough, and fever — combinations such as
In 2016, government banned 344 drug combinations after it was stated they
nimesulide and paracetamol dispersible
were being sold without scientific data. But makers of 15 such drugs challenged
tablets; chlopheniramine maleate and
the decision.
codeine syrup; pholcodine, promethazine,
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Currently banned 14 FDCs are part of those 344 drug combinations. amoxicillin and bromhexine and bromhexine
FDC drugs are those which contain a combination of two or more active dextromethorphan, ammonium chloride,
pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in a fixed ratio. menthol etc.
It may be administered as single entity products given concurrently or as a finished pharmaceutical product.
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Significance of FDC medicinal products
To benefit from added effects of two medicinal products given together.
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Treatment of infectious diseases like HIV, malaria and tuberculosis where giving multiple antimicrobial agents is the norm.
Advantages over single entity preparations, such as increased efficacy, a reduced incidence of adverse effects, possibly reduced
cost and simpler logistics of distribution.
Improved patient adherence and reduced development of resistance in certain cases of antimicrobial use.
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Issues with FDCs: Dosage alteration of one drug is not possible, problem of frequency of administration etc.
LOW-COST FINANCE FOR THE ENERGY TRANSITION REPORT RELEASED BY
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INTERNATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY AGENCY (IRENA)
Report is prepared by IRENA in close collaboration with Ministry of New and
Fundamental workings of blended finance
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Renewable Energy (MNRE).
Market rate
Report identifies need for greater private sector engagement in financing of energy Private
capital
transition projects, as well as closer public-private collaboration to sustain net zero
Mobilising
pathway. Blended finance

structures
Increasing cost of capital for project financing makes it difficult to scale up Development
deployment of technologies such as green hydrogen, energy storage etc. funding
(Public/
philanthropic Concessional
Key Findings funders)
Role of Private Help in effectively leveraging investment capital.

sector in energy It can be catalytic to a blended financing approach.
transition Channelized existing products such as mutual funds, private equity, impact investment funds, etc.
Providing a conducive and predictable enabling environment.
Role of Public Engaging and attracting private investors and developers for bankable energy transition projects.
sector in energy Support technology and programme development for scaling up use of renewable
transition
Energy resources (For ex: role played by Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited (IREDA)
and issuance of green bonds by Government).
Countries should provide a range of policy incentives (economic, financial and regulatory) for
Recommendations deployment of next set of critical technologies for the energy transition.
G20 members should take the opportunity to exchange knowledge and best practice.
DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF FOREIGN TRADE (DGFT) PERMITS IMPORT OF PET COKE AS

RAW MATERIAL FOR LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES
Import of needle pet coke (NPC), with sulphur content less than 0.8%., is permitted
for making graphite anode material for lithium-ion batteries and not for any ISSUES DUE TO PET COKE USE:
other purposes.
As world’s largest consumer of petcoke, India imports over half its annual It has over 80% Carbon and emits 5 to
petcoke consumption, mainly from USA. 10% more CO2 than coal on a per unit
of energy basis.
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In 2018, Government banned import of pet coke for use as fuel, but allowed for
cement, lime kiln, calcium carbide and gasification industries. Apart from sulphur, it also releases
other toxic gases including nitrous
Petroleum coke (pet coke) is a carbon-rich solid material derived from final
oxide, mercury, arsenic, chromium,
cracking process, a thermo-based chemical engineering process that splits long
nickel, and hydrogen chloride after
chain hydrocarbons of petroleum into shorter chains.
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burning.
Grades of pet coke: Green Coke (high moisture and volatile matter content),
Calcined coke (a higher carbon content than green coke). Contains heavy metal content.
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Types of Pet coke: NPC, Honeycomb Coke, Sponge Coke, Shot Coke
Applications: Feed stock/Fuel use (Cement, gasification, boilers etc), Carbon INCREASED RAINFALL ALONE
WILL NOT HELP GROUNDWATER
source (Electrodes, Synthetic Graphite, silicon carbide, TiO2 pigments, Carbon
Raiser etc.)
Benefits of Petcoke over coal: RECOVERY
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Higher calorific value (>7800Kcal/Kg as compared to 3500-4500 Kcal/Kg for coal).
Finding is part of a study by a team from IIT
Since it is hydrophobic it doesn’t get wet during rainy season and therefore Gandhinagar to understand variability of
don’t add on extra weight (unlike coal which does). groundwater storage under warming climate.
Low volatile matter thus no evaporation losses. Key findings:
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Low ash content. A warming climate will increase frequency of
69% OF TRAIN ACCIDENTS BETWEEN FY18 AND FY21 hydroclimate extremes — floods and
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DUE TO DERAILMENTS
droughts.
Increased evapotranspiration due to
Finding is part of Comptroller and warming climate will limit water availability
ABOUT KAVACH for groundwater recovery.
Auditor General of India (CAG) report
on ‘Derailment in Indian Railways’ that It is developed by Research Design Warming climate will increase amount of
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also highlighted that: and Standards Organisation (RDSO)
summer monsoon rainfall (by 6-8%) that
under Ministry of Railways.
Major factor responsible for north India would receive.
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Key features
derailment was related to However, Pumping of groundwater from
Aid Loco Pilot to avoid Signal
maintenance of track, followed by deeper aquifers in Indo-Gangetic Plain will
Passing At Danger and over speeding.
deviation of track parameters make it hard for its recovery from
Controls speed of the train by
beyond permissible limits. increased rainfall.
automatic application of brakes in
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Targets kept for track renewals case Loco Pilot fails to apply. As per World Bank, India is the largest
were not commensurate with Help in train running during groundwater user. Groundwater meets nearly
actual requirement on ground. inclement weather such as dense fog. 80% of the country’s drinking water and
Issue of railway safety, and role of Collision avoidance by direct loco to two-thirds of its irrigation needs.
technology in addressing it, came to loco communication. Central Groundwater Board estimates that
the forefront following Odisha train Supports feature of SOS in case of about 14% of groundwater blocks are
accident. any mishap. overexploited, while another 4% are critical.
It is believed that change in electronic interlocking (EI) system led to Odisha Steps taken for groundwater management
train accident. Ministry of Jal Shakti issued guidelines for
EI System, a processor based system, is an integral part of Railway regulation and control of ground water
Signalling, by which functions in a yard are controlled to ensures safe extraction.
passage of the train through the controlled area. Initiatives like Atal Bhujal Yojana and
Steps taken to improve safety by Indian Railways National Project on Aquifer Management for
effective management and regulation.
Railway Safety fund named Rashtriya Rail Sanraksha Kosh (RRSK) .
India-Groundwater Resource Estimation
Commission of Railway Safety (CRS), under Ministry of Civil Aviation, deals System (IN-GRES) software.
with matters pertaining to safety of rail travel and train operation.
Mobile application – Jaldoot- to monitor
Switch over to LHB (Linke Hofmann Busch) type coaches as ICF coaches were underground water levels.
more prone to derailment.
Per Drop More Crop component of Pradhan
Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system“ Kavach” for enhancing safety of Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) to
running trains. improve water use efficiency.
BEVERAGE LOBBY DIFFERS WITH WHO ON NON-SUGAR SWEETENERS (NSS)

A lobby group representing Coca-Cola, PepsiCo, Red Bull, Dabur etc. is of the view that recent WHO guidelines on NSS are not
scientifically rigorous.
WHO had said NSS such as aspartame and stevia do not help in weight loss, while increasing risk of certain diseases.
NSS (low-calorie sweeteners, artificial sweeteners etc) contains few to no calories but have a higher intensity of sweetness per
gram than sweeteners with calories—like table sugar, fruit juice concentrates etc.
NSS include synthetically derived chemicals and natural extracts that may or may not be chemically modified (refer table).
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People may use NSS in place of sugar to consume fewer calories or less sugar or to better control their blood glucose, might
reduce the risk of dental caries etc.
Concerns: increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease; some NSS has been found to cause DNA damage
etc.
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Acesulfame It is derived from aceto-acetic acid. It is used in a wide range of non-medicinal products.
Aspartame It is a dipeptide. It is completely hydrolysed in gastrointestinal tract to methanol, aspartic acid,
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and phenylalanine.
Saccharin About 300 times as sweet as sucrose. It is used to sweeten foods and beverages.
Sorbitol A polyhydric alcohol, is used as a sweetening agent in many oral medicinal liquids.
Neotame Neotame is a derivate of aspartame.
Monk Fruit Also known as luo han guo/ Siraitia grosvenorii, a fruit extract from a plant native to Southern
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China.
Steviol Glycosides Extracted from South American Stevia plant, Stevia rebaudiana
ALSO IN NEWS
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Government has notified a Commission of Inquiry under Commissions of Inquiry Act, 1952, to
inquire into incidents of violence in Manipur.
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It authorises central and state governments to appoint inquiry commissions to make inquiries in
definite matters of public importance.
Central government can appoint a commission to make inquiry into any matter relatable to any
of the entries enumerated in List I and III.
Commissions of
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Inquiry Act, 1952 State governments can appoint commissions for entries enumerated in List II or III of Schedule
VII.
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A commission of inquiry has powers of a civil court.
United Nations appealed for sustainable funding UNRWA, which is on the brink of financial
collapse.
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UNRWA is a UN agency established by the General Assembly in 1949 and mandated to provide
assistance and protection to Palestine refugees registered with UNRWA.
United Nations Relief and
Its mission is to help Palestine refugees in Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, West Bank, including East
Works Agency for Palestine
Jerusalem and Gaza Strip achieve their full human development potential.
Refugees (UNRWA)
It is funded almost entirely by voluntary contributions from UN Member States.
Kerala High Court stated that a student’s Credit Information Bureau (India) Limited (CIBIL)
score cannot be a factor in rejecting an education loan application.
CIBIL score involves an individual’s credit payment history across loan types and credit
institutions over a period of time.
Model loan scheme aimed to provide financial support from the banking system to deserving
or meritorious students pursuing higher education in India and abroad.
Model Education Loan
Scheme It was prepared (in 2001) by Indian Banks Association (IBA).
In 2019, RBI advised all scheduled commercial banks to adopt the scheme formulated by IBA.
Central Pollution Control Board suspects that a private liquor factory in Ferozepur district
(Punjab) injected contaminated water into the ground through reverse boring.
Boring is done to lift underground water while reverse boring is a concept in which a deep
trench is drilled in the ground not to draw water but to dispose it of.
In reverse boring, soak pits are connected with borewell through which the wastewater gets
Reverse Boring disposed of and gets mixed with underground water and pollutes it.

CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM) is supporting farmers in the cultivation of
Lavender in the Bhaderwah, Doda district, J&K under CSIR-Aroma Mission.
Aroma Mission will promote the cultivation of aromatic crops for essential oils that are in great
demand by aroma industry for fuelling the growth of aroma industry and rural employment.
Council of Scientific & Under it, Lavender cultivation is being promoted in the temperate regions of J&K.
Industrial Research Aim of the project is to increase the income of small and marginal farmers and develop
(CSIR)-Aroma Mission agriculture-based Startups.
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HP and Punjab are set for a face off over ownership of Shanan power project located on Uhl river.
99-year lease given to Punjab by then ruler of Mandi, Raja Joginder Singh Bahadur, would end
in March 2024.
It is situated in Jogindernagar (Mandi) of Himachal Pradesh in Brot Valley.
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Uhl river originates from Thamsar glacier which is situated in Dhauladhar ranges and flows
through Uhl valley (also famous as Chohar valley).
Uhl river
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Uhl river is water basin of Beas river.
After crossing Chohar valley, Uhl river meets Beas river.
Union Health Minister addressed GVRC discussion.

Indian government is working to build consensus among G-20 member States and others, for a
proposed GVRC.
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Department of Pharmaceuticals is working with non-profit Program for Appropriate
Technology in Health (PATH) and Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) for
the initiative.
Global Vaccine Research Initiative will focus on
Collaboration (GVRC) Addressing major gaps in vaccine R&D,
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Establishing a structure and principles for better preparedness.
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Improving coordination and foster an enabling environment for vaccine R&D.
Recently PM placed the Sengol or sceptre presented by head of Thiruvavaduthurai Math to India’s
first PM in the new Parliament building.
Established by Namasivaya Murthy, a Saivite saint and scholar, in 16th century, this non-Brahmin
Math had outstanding scholars in Tamil and Saivite philosophy.
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Heads of Math were also patrons of Tamil scholars and musicians.
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Thirumoolar, Siddhar and one of the Saivaite saints and author of Thirumanthiram, attained
Thiruvavaduthurai enlightenment under a Peepal tree in Thiruvavaduthurai.
Math
Math is on the southern banks of river Cauvery.
Comoros (Capital: Moroni)
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As part of Indian Navy’s long-range deployment, INS
Trishul visited port Anjouan, Comoros.
They are a group of islands at northern end of
Mozambique Channel of Indian Ocean, between
Madagascar and southeast African mainland.
The islands from northwest to southeast include
Grande Comore, Mohéli, Anjouan and Mayotte.
Places in News Three of Comoro Islands in Indian Ocean, off the
coast of East Africa.
HQ
Fourth island Mayotte, is claimed by country of
Comoros but administered by France.
Islands emerged from floor of Indian Ocean as a result of volcanic activity.
Grande Comore is the largest and loftiest island.
Mohéli is the smallest island of the group.

06th JUNE, 2023
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NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (NHAI) RELEASED ITS FIRST
‘SUSTAINABILITY REPORT FOR FINANCIAL YEAR 2021-22’
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Report covers NHAI’s governance structure, stakeholders, environment and social
NHAI
responsibility initiatives.
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NHAI, set up through NHAI Act, 1988, is
Key findings of report responsible for development, maintenance,
and management of National Highways
Gradual decrease in GreenHouse Gas emissions intensity of 9.7 percent in FY 2020-21 across India.
and 2 percent in FY 2021-22.
It is a nodal agency of Ministry of Road
NHAI has continuously been using recycled materials (Recycled Asphalt and Recycled Transport and Highways (MoRTH) and is
Aggregates) for highways construction. mandated to implement National Highways
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Development Project.
Recycled asphalt is a reprocessed pavement material containing asphalt and aggregates.
Recycled Aggregates are crushed cement concrete or asphalt pavement from construction debris.
NHAI has increased utilization of certain materials in road construction for ensuring sustainability and reducing environmental
footprints. These include
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Fly Ash, by-product of coal combustion;
Plastic waste in hot bituminous mixtures;
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Steel Slag, by-product of steel making;
Inert materials (neither chemically nor biologically reactive) from landfills;
Geo-synthetics including coir/jute;
Cold Asphalt Mix, produced by mixing unheated mineral aggregate with either bitumen or foamed bitumen;
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Copper slag, byproduct of copper smelting.
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Steel slag is produced during the separation of molten steel from impurities in steel -making furnaces.
One of the ingredients of asphalt is steel slag, a by-product of steel and iron production processes.
It can be used in several activities, such as construction and paving, agricultural sector due to its ability to correct soil acidity,
manufacture of portland slag cement etc.
350TH ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATIONS OF CHHATRAPATI SHIVAJI MAHARAJ'S CORONATION
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Celebrations of 350th anniversary of coronation (Shivrajyaabhishek)
OTHER FORTS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE
of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj were started at Raigad fort in
Maharashtra. Murud-Janjira fort: Situated at Arabian Sea coast. It is considered
one of the strongest marine forts in India. Special attractions are 3
He was coronated on June 6, 1674, at the fort from where he had gigantic cannons named Kalalbangdi, Chavri and Landa Kasam.
laid the foundation of “Hindavi-Swaraj” or self-rule of Hindu Kolaba fort: One of the chief naval stations of Maratha empire.
people and also took the title Chhatrapati.
Pratapgad fort: Famous for the encounter between Shivaji and
Raigad fort is a hill fort situated about 25 km from Mahad in Raigad mighty Afzal Khan.
district and Early Europeans called it the Gibraltar of the East. Chief Sindhudurg fort: Known as one of the finest sea forts in India. It was
architect of fort was Hiroji Indulka. built on an island in Konkan region during Shivaji’s reign.
Fort overlooks an artificial lake known as ‘Ganga Sagar Lake’. Only main Shivneri fort: Birthplace of Shivaji. He never ruled the fort.
pathway to the fort passes through “Maha Darwaja” (Huge Door). Purandar fort: Birthplace of Shivaji’s son Samhaji. It is significant
due to its role in Shivaji’s victory over Adil Shahi dynasty and
Fort, which was earlier called Rairi, was the seat of Maratha clan Mughals.
Shirke in 12th century.
Torna fort: First fort captured by Shivaji Maharaj at the age of 16.
Significance of Raigad fort
Fort helped Shivaji to challenge the supremacy of Adilshahi dynasty and opened up the routes towards Konkan for the
extension of his power.
It had emerged as the seat of Shivaji’s government.
Shivaji passed away in Raigad in 1680 and was cremated at the fort.
RARE HIGGS BOSON DECAY OBSERVED IN LARGE HADRON COLLIDER (LHC)

EXPERIMENTS
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CERN
which hosts LHC, found the first evidence of rare Founded in 1954, CERN laboratory is situated at Franco-Swiss border near Geneva. It has 23
process by which Higgs boson decays into a Z boson member states with India as an Associate Member State.
and a photon. Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
It is the most powerful particle accelerator ever built that pushes protons or ions to near
This decay could provide indirect evidence of
the speed of light.
existence of particles beyond those predicted by
In 2012, it found Higgs boson particle which will enabled us to understand as to why
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Standard Model of Particle Physics (SMPP). elementary particles have mass.
INDIA, US AGREE ON ROADMAP

Standard Model is the theory of particles, fields and the fundamental forces
that govern them. Currently, it is the most accurate theory covering the
FOR DEFENCE INDUSTRY

foundations of particle physics.
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COOPERATION
It contains 12 fundamental matter particles categorized as quarks (which
make up protons and neutrons) and leptons (which include electrons).
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It explains how force carrying particles, which belong to a broader group of New Roadmap will fast-track technology
bosons, influence quarks and leptons. cooperation and co-production in areas such
as air combat and land mobility systems;
It contains three forces that govern the behavior of matter i.e., intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance;
Electromagnetism, Strong force, and Weak force. and undersea domain.
Force of gravity is currently not included in the standard model. Key highlights
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Limitations of SMPP: Unable to explain how gravity is mediated; Disproportion India and U.S. have agreed to initiate
between matter and anti-matter; Composition of dark matter; and why mass of negotiations for a ‘Security of Supply’ (SoS)
sub-atomic particles is greater than sum of its constituents? arrangement and a ‘Reciprocal Defence
Procurement’ (RDP) agreement.
50TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE WORLD ENVIRONMENT
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SoS: Allows to request priority delivery
DAY (WED) CELEBRATED ON 5TH JUNE for contracts, subcontracts, or orders
from companies in either country.
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WED has been led by United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) since its RPD: Participants agree for
inception in 1973. complementary acquisitions of defense
Theme for WED 2023 year is “Solutions to Plastic Pollution” and it is being articles from each other's country.
hosted by Côte D'Ivoire. Both sides agreed to establish India-U.S.
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On this occasion, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) Defence Acceleration Ecosystem
has launched Amrit Dharohar and Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats (INDUS-X), new initiative (to be launched) to
advance cutting-edge technology
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and Tangible Incomes (MISHTI) initiatives.
cooperation.
Amrit Dharohar aims at promoting the unique conservation values of Ramsar
Welcomed India's leadership role in Quad
Sites.
Indo-Pacific Maritime Domain Awareness
It will be implemented over next three years (2023-26) to encourage optimal Initiative (IPMDA).
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use of wetlands for enhancing biodiversity, carbon stock, ecotourism
India has signed four foundational defence
opportunities and income generation for local communities.
agreement of USA i.e.,
MISHTI, announced in Union Budget 2023-24, aims at mangrove plantation General Security of Military Information
along the coastline and on salt pan lands. Agreement (GSOMIA), 2002 on military
It will cover approximately 540 sq. km area across 9 coastal States and 4 UTs in information exchange.
five years (2023-2028). Logistics Exchange Memorandum of
It will operate through convergence between MGNREGS, CAMPA Fund and Agreement (LEMOA), 2016 to use each
other sources. other’s military base.
Significance: Achieving India’s Nationally Determined Contributions to create Communications Compatibility and
an additional carbon sink of 2.5-3 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent Security Agreement (COMCASA), 2018 for
by 2030. interoperability between two militaries and
sale of high-end technology to India.
MANGROVE Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement
Mangroves are a group of trees and shrubs that live in coastal intertidal zone. (BECA), 2020 to share high-end military
They are found in tropical and sub-tropical intertidal regions characterized by: High Rainfall technology, logistics and geospatial maps.
(between 1,000 to 3,000 mm), temperature range (260C- 350C) and calm water with sufficient
sediments to set down roots.
IPMDA
In 2022, U.S. announced IPMDA, an initiative with regional
West Bengal has the highest mangrove cover, followed by Gujarat and Andaman and Nicobar partners and allies to promote a free and open Pacific.
Islands.
It intends to connect regional partners and allies with
Benefits: Provide livelihood, stabilize shorelines, preventing erosion, acts as carbon sink, improve American technologies to provide greater maritime
and maintain local water quality etc. situational awareness in real-time.
PUBLIC ACCEPTS USE OF BACTERIA-KILLING VIRUSES (PHAGE THERAPY) AS

ALTERNATIVE TO ANTIBIOTICS, SAYS STUDY
Due to improper use of antibiotics, there has been an increase in Antimicrobial 1. Attachment
Resistance (AMR). Therefore, an increasingly popular alternative to antibiotics is Bacteriophage and inject viral
genome into the
cell
bacteriophages to control bacterial diseases. New viruses
Death of Viral
the host cell
By 2050, antibiotic resistance will result in death of 10 million people from drug genome
Host cell
resistance diseases every year.
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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that infect and replicate only in bacterial cells. Bacterial
Viral
genome
Phage therapy involves using phages to treat bacterial infections. chromosome
Bacteriophages were discovered by Frederick Willian Twort in 1915 (Great Britain)

and Felix d'Herelle in 1917 (France).
4. Assembly
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2.Degradation of
Antibiotics, while removing harmful bacteria, simultaneously decimates the and release
host genome
microbiota. Thereby, creating new sets of problems.
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However, each phage targets only a particular bacterial strain or species. 3. Replication of viral genome
and syntesis of viral protiens
Significance of phage therapy
Phages are unlikely to damage human cells due to significant differences in bacterial cells and human cells.
Since they can replicate, initial dosage can be relatively small.
Inherently nontoxic as they are made up of nucleic acids and proteins.
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Challenges in developing phage therapeutics: Lack of clinical trials, time consuming process of finding right phages, difficulties in
patenting phages as they are natural entities etc.
ALSO IN NEWS
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Nyaya Vikas Portal is created by Ministry of Law and Justice for monitoring the implementation
of Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS).
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About Nyaya Vikas
Department of Justice has been implementing CSS for Development of Infrastructure Facilities
for Districts and Subordinate Judiciary since 1993-94.
Central assistance is provided to the State Government / UT Administrations for construction of
Nyaya Vikas court halls and residential units for Judicial Officers / Judges of District, etc.
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Funding: North Eastern and Himalayan States (90:10); Union Territories (100%), remaining states
(60:40).
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22nd Law Commission of India (LCI) in its 280th report has suggested that there is no need for
changing the law relating to adverse possession.
Concept of adverse possession stems from the idea that land must not be left vacant but instead,
be put to judicious use.
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Limitations Act 1963 provides that any person in possession of private land for over 12 years or
Adverse possession government land for over 30 years can become the owner of that property (Adverse Possession).
However the possession must be continuous, uninterrupted, and peaceful.
FG model, a theory of industrial development in latecomer economies, was developed in the

1930s by Japanese economist Kaname Akamatsu.
It intends to explain the catching-up process of industrialization of latecomer economies,
especially Japan and the East Asian Economies.
This approach saw the US (on global scale) and Japan (in Asia) as the lead geese, followed by
Asian emerging economies, resulting in their economic success.
Flying Geese (FG) The regional development as postulated by the modern FG paradigm presupposes the existence
model of hierarchy, with a dominant economy acting as the growth centre and followed by other
developing economies.
Indian Navy in collaboration with IISc (Bengaluru) has operationalized a ‘first of its kind’ 100KW
capacity AC plant in the country based on the natural refrigerant Carbon dioxide.
About Natural refrigerant Carbon dioxide: CO2 has several unique thermo-physical properties
such as Very good heat transfer coefficient; Relatively insensitive to pressure losses; and Very low
viscosity.
Natural Refrigerant In practical applications, CO2 systems deliver very high performance, the main reasons being
Carbon dioxide better heat exchange, very low pumping power when CO2 is used as secondary fluid, and in
cold climate the possibility of operating with a very low condensing pressure in the winter.

New initiative called Ocean Census aims to expand marine biodiversity knowledge by finding
100,000 new marine species within a decade.
It is jointly established by The Nippon Foundation (a non-profit philanthropic organization in
Japan) and Nekton Foundation (marine science and conservation institute in U.K) to discover
unknown marine life.
It will send scientists on expeditions to marine biodiversity hotspots and using advanced
technology like high-resolution imagery, DNA sequencing and machine learning.
Ocean Census Previously, Census of Marine Life, international project that took place between 2000 and 2010,
had recorded the diversity, distribution, and abundance of life in the ocean.
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More than 2,700 scientists from 80 nations contributed to the Census.
Dudhwa TR
Female Royal Bengal Tiger was found in buffer zone of Dudhwa TR.
Dudhwa TR is a protected area in Lakhimpur-Kheri in Uttar Pradesh, located on India-Nepal border.
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It comprises Dudhwa National Park, and two nearby Sanctuaries, viz. Kishanpur and
Katerniaghat.
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In 1958 Dudhwa National park was declared as a wildlife sanctuary. It then became a national park in
1977 and tiger reserve project in 1988.
Important Fauna - Tigers, Leopards, Elephants, Sloth Bear.
Kalakad TR or Kalakad Mundanthurai TR (KMTR)
Tiger Reserves (TR) It is situated in Southern Western Ghats in Tirunelveli and Kanyakumari District of Tamil Nadu (TN).
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Vegetation type gradually changes from dry thorn forest to dry deciduous.
It consists of two adjacent sanctuaries namely Kalakad Wildlife Sanctuary (KWS), Mundanthurai
Tiger Sanctuary (MTS) and part of Veerapuli and Kilamalai Reserve Forests.
KWS was established primarily for conservation of Lion Tailed Macaque.
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KMTR forms part of the interstate (Kerala and TN) Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve.
River Thamirabarani and 13 other rivers originate from KMTR, popularizing it as River Sanctuary.
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Fauna includes Leopard, Indian Pangolin, Mouse Deer, Great Indian Hornbill etc.
Ministry of Education has released 8th edition of India Rankings of Higher Educational
Institutions (HEIs) in country.
Ranking is based on National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF).
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Five broad categories of parameters identified in NIRF includes
Teaching Learning and Resources; Research and Professional Practice; Graduation Outcome;
Inclusivity and Outreach; and Perception.
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2023 edition of India Rankings
Introduced a new subject namely Agriculture & Allied Sectors
India Rankings 2023
Integrated “Innovation” ranking previously executed by Atal Ranking of Institutions on
Innovation Achievements (ARIIA) into India Rankings.
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Expansion of scope of “Architecture” to “Architecture and Planning”.
IIT Madras topped in Overall Category followed by Indian Institute of Sciences.
“Strengthening Global Collaboration Network on Research and Development in MCMs” side-event
was held at 3rd G20 Health Working Group Meeting.
MCMs are used to diagnose, prevent, or treat diseases related to chemical, biological,
radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) threats.
It can include
Medical Biologic products – vaccines, blood products, and antibodies.
Countermeasures Drugs – antimicrobial or antiviral drugs.
(MCMs)
Devices – diagnostic tests to identify threat agents and personal protective equipment (PPE).
Remote sensing & aerial survey will be conducted in southern Bihar to identify
magnetite-bearing rocks & ultramafic rocks.
Magnetite-bearing rocks as well as ultramafic rocks which usually host Chromite (Cr), Nickel (Ni),
Platinum Group of Elements (PGE) and gold.
Magnetite is a black, opaque, magnetic mineral that leaves a black streak when rubbed across a
hard rough surface.
It is one of the most abundant metal oxides, and its crystal structure contains both the
Magnetite ferrous and ferric forms of iron ions.
It is often confused with hematite and ilmenite (Titanium).
More often, magnetite occurs in its massive form, commonly called ‘lodestone’.

07th JUNE, 2023
ONLY 66% DISTRICTS IN COUNTRY FREE OF MANUAL SCAVENGING: UNION MINISTRY

OF SOCIAL JUSTICE AND EMPOWERMENT (MOSJE)
According to MoSJE,
Attempts to identify manual scavengers,
Only 508 districts out of the total 766 districts in the country have
INITIATIVES TAKEN TO REDUCE

including through the Swachhta mobile app;
declared themselves manual-scavenging free.
MANUAL SCAVENGING
The surveys conducted in 2013 and 2018 had identified all existing National Policy for mechanized Sanitation
manual scavengers (about 58,000). Eco-system;
No person had died from manual scavenging in the country in
the last three years (2019 to 2022). Self-Employment Scheme for Rehabilitation
of Manual Scavengers (SRMS)
Only remaining threat was hazardous cleaning of sewers and
septic tanks. Under the Swachhta Udyami Yojana (SUY),
About manual scavenging: concessional loans are provided for
procurement of sanitation related equipments.
Refers to the practice of removing human excreta by hand from
sewers or septic tanks. The definition includes people employed to “National Action for Mechanized Sanitation
clean septic tanks, ditches, or railway tracks. Ecosystem” (NAMASTE) scheme (joint
It is banned under the Prohibition of Employment as Manual initiative of the MoSJE and the Ministry of
Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Act, 2013 (PEMSR). Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA )).
In case of Violation, punishment with imprisonment upto 2 years or fine upto Rs. One Lakh or both.
Reasons for continued existence: Lack of enforcement of the Act, exploitation of unskilled labourers, lack of awareness etc.
IRAN UNVEILS ITS 'FIRST HYPERSONIC MISSILE'

Iran presented its first domestically made hypersonic Missile named
"Fattah" having a target range of 1,400 km.
A hypersonic missile refers to a type of weapon that travels at speeds
that exceed five times the speed of sound typically exceeding Mach 5
or approximately 6,174 km/h.
Hypersonic missiles fly at a much lower altitude than
conventional ballistic missiles.
The two types of hypersonic weapons systems:
Hypersonic Glide Vehicles launched from a rocket before gliding
to the intended target
Hypersonic Cruise Missiles powered by air-breathing
high-speed engines or ‘scramjets’ after acquiring their target.
Advantages of Hypersonic Weapons
Use only kinetic energy and energy derived from motion to
destroy unhardened targets in underground facilities.
Could enable responsive, long-range, strike options against distant, defended, and/or time-critical threats (such as road-mobile
missiles).
Challenges in detection due to their speed, maneuverability.
The US, Russia, and China lead in hypersonic weapons programs, while Australia, India, France, Germany, and Japan are also
developing such technology.
As part of its Hypersonic Technology Demonstrator Vehicle program India successfully tested a Mach 6 scramjet.
Hypersonic Wind Tunnel (HWT) test facility of the DRDO.
150TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE ARRIVAL OF INDIANS IN SURINAME

The Indian President was conferred with the highest
Suriname (Capital: Paramaribo)
civilian honour of Suriname ‘Grand Order of the Chain
Political features:
of the Yellow Star’.
Location: Lies on the northeast
India also decided to extend the eligibility criteria coast of South America.
for OCI Card up from the fourth generation to the Neighbours: Bordered by French
sixth generation of the original Indian immigrants in Guiana in the east, Brazil in the south,
Suriname. and by Guyana in the west.
Geographical features:
Indians in Suriname
Terrain: Mostly rolling hills; narrow
On June 5, 1873, the first group of Indians reached coastal plain with swamps.
the shores of Suriname, on board the ship Lalla Major rivers: Commewijne River, the
Rookh. Coppename River, the Courantyne
River, Marowijne (Moroni) River etc.
The Indo-Surinamese form the largest ethnic group Highest point: Juliana Top
in the country, making 27.4% of the population.
BT COTTON’S INDIA ENTRY

In the period 1873-1916 more than 34,000 people emigrated from British
India to Suriname to work on the plantations as indentured labourers.
Severe poverty and deprivation caused by acute famine in the Gangetic
plains in the 19th Century acted as push factor for Indian labourers.
DELAYED AS GENETIC
Descendants of these workers in Suriname primarily speak Sarnami ENGINEERING APPRAISAL
Hindustani, a language that arose from the confluence of Awadhi and
Bhojpuri. COMMITTEE (GEAC) SEEKS
It is the third most spoken language in the country. FRESH INPUTS
India and Suriname developed the first relations in 1976 after Suriname got Few states have refused to give no objection
independence. certificates (NOC) of biosafety research trials
DEPOSIT INSURANCE COVER FOR PREPAID PAYMENT

of genetically engineered (GE) cotton
hybrids, regulated by the GEAC.
INSTRUMENTS (PPIs) Field trials are to be conducted in Telangana,
Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Haryana.
An RBI-appointed committee has
It has been made mandatory to obtain
recommended that RBI should examine Physical Cash payments
'NOC' from the state governments for
the extension of Deposit Insurance and
conducting field trials.
Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC)
cover to PPIs. Agriculture is a state subject and their
Plastic Card based payments
involvement is essential for compliance
Presently, it is available only to bank (eg. Debit/credit cards)
monitoring.
deposits.
GEAC is the statutory committee that
PPIs are defined in the RBI Guidelines issued Internet banking / electronic functions in the Ministry of Environment, Forest,
under the Payment and Settlements fund transfers & payments and Climate Change.
Systems Act, 2005 as payment
It is constituted under the “Rules for the
instruments that facilitate purchase of
Manufacture, Use/Import/Export and
goods and services, including funds Pre-paid cards (eg. smart Storage of Hazardous Micro
transfer, against the value stored on such cards, mobile pre-paid cards)
Organisms/Genetically Engineered
instruments.
Organisms or Cells (Rules, 1989)” framed
The value stored on such instruments under the Environment (Protection) Act,
e-wallet / digital wallet /
PPIs
represents the value paid for by the 1986.

mobile wallet
holders by cash, by debit to a bank Its main function is to approve activities
account, or by credit card. involving large-scale use of hazardous and
Cash loading of PPIs is limited to Rs digital currency (eg. bit coin) recombinants in industrial production.
50,000 per month. / virtual currency It conducts experimental field trials before
Only those companies incorporated in India and have a minimum paid-up releasing any genetically engineered
capital of Rs. 5 crore and minimum positive net worth of Rs. 1 crore are organism into the environment.
permitted to issue PPIs in India. BT (Bacillus thuringiensis ) Cotton is
DICGC is an RBI subsidiary, that provides deposit insurance coverage to various hybrids/varieties that cotton that contain
types of deposits, including savings, fixed, current, recurring, and accrued interest. ‘cry1Ac’ and ‘cry2Ab’ genes, isolated from the
soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and
Limit of insurance: up to a maximum of Rs 5 lakh for both principal and interest coding for proteins toxic to bollworm insect
amount held by them. pests.
Cover: commercial banks i.e., local area banks, payments banks, small finance Bt cotton is the only GM crop that has been
banks, regional rural banks, and cooperative banks. approved for commercial cultivation.
REMOVING ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE (AMR) FROM THE 'PANDEMIC TREATY' WILL

EXPOSE HUMANITY TO FUTURE PANDEMICS
Recently, the latest version of the draft Pandemic Instrument, also referred
to as the “pandemic treaty,” was shared at the World Health Assembly CONCERN
(the decision-making body of WHO). Lack of focus, seems distract from demands for better
While earlier drafts of the Pandemic Instrument drew on guidance from access to vaccines and treatments.
AMR policy, however, after the first round of negotiations, all of these Most of the provisions in the proposed pandemic treaty
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insertions, are now at risk for removal. are already available under International Health
Work on the Pandemic Instrument began in December 2021 after the WHA Regulations (IHR) 2005.
agreed to a global process to draft and negotiate an international WHO already has binding rules known as IHR, which set
instrument in this regard. out countries' obligations where public health events
have the potential to cross borders.
About Pandemic Treaty
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It aims to prevent pandemics, save lives, reduce disease burden and protect livelihoods, through strengthening the world’s
capacities for preventing, preparing for and responding to, and recovery of health systems from, pandemics
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It fosters on an all-of-government and all-of-society approach and laid out aspects on pandemic prevention, preparedness, and
response.
Need of the treaty
Enable countries to strengthen national, regional, and global capacities and resilience to future pandemics.
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Early detection and prevention of pandemics.
Response to any future pandemics by ensuring universal access to medical solutions.
ALSO IN NEWS
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The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and its allies led by Russia, or
OPEC+ reached a deal to reduce overall production targets.
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OPEC+, created in 2016, refers to group of 23 oil-producing countries that includes,
13 members of OPEC (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Algeria, Angola, Equatorial Guinea,
Gabon, Libya, Nigeria, Republic of Congo, and Venezuela) and
10 other oil-producing countries (Russia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Brunei, Kazakhstan, Malaysia,
Mexico, Oman, South Sudan and Sudan).
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OPEC+
OPEC is a permanent intergovernmental organization that coordinates and unifies the petroleum
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policies of its Member Countries.
It is released by World Bank which is issued twice a year, in January and June.
Findings
The global economy is projected to “slow substantially” this year, with a “pronounced
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deceleration” in advanced economies.
GDP growth for FY24 in India is seen at 6.3% compared with a previous estimate of 6.6% in
Global Economic January.
Prospects report India's private investment was likely boosted by increasing corporate profits while
unemployment declined to 6.8% in the first quarter of 2023.
RBI governor launched a Financial Inclusion Dashboard, named, ANTARDRIHSTI.

It will provide the required insight to assess and monitor the progress of financial inclusion by
capturing relevant parameters.
It will also enable to gauge the extent of financial exclusion at granular levels across the
country so that such areas can be addressed.
ANTARDRIHSTI
The dashboard is presently intended for internal use in the RBI.
Indian SaaS industry will reach $26 billion in revenues by 2026 as per a report.
SaaS is a software licensing model which allows access to software on a subscription basis using
external servers, also known as cloud-based software.
SaaS allows each user to access programs via the Internet. Thus, SaaS allows data to be accessed
Software-as-a-Service from any device (computer or mobile phone) with an internet connection and a web browser.
(SaaS) Any web-based email service is classified as SaaS, e.g., Outlook, Hotmail, or Yahoo!

Centre has removed the procurement ceiling of 40% on three pulses -tur, urad and masur- under
the PSS for the 2023-24 in order to boost domestic production.
The decision assures the procurement of these pulses from farmers at MSP without ceilings.
PSS is under umbrella scheme Pradhan Mantri Annadata Aay Sanrakshan Abhiyan (PM-AASHA)
PSS is operationalised only when prices of agri-produce fall below the MSP.
Price Support Scheme
(PSS) It is under the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare.
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Varunastra was successfully test-fired with a live warhead against an undersea target, by the Indian
Navy.
It is indigenously designed and developed ship-launched anti-submarine torpedo.
It was designed and developed by Vizag-based Naval Science and Technological Laboratory
(NSTL) under the DRDO and is manufactured by Bharat Dynamics Ltd (BDL)
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Varunastra With a maximum speed of 40 knots and a maximum operating depth of 600 m, has a long range
with multi-manoeuvering capabilities.
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Education loans offered by around 30 regional rural banks (RRBs) will now have the credit
shield from the CGFSEL.
This will bring RRBs on a par with commercial banks and help them lower interest rate on
such loans.
The CGFSEL was set up by Ministry of Education in 2015 to ease education loans and extend
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Credit Guarantee Fund guarantee coverage against default in education loans sanctioned by public, private, and
Scheme for Education foreign banks.
Loans (CGFSEL) At present, the scheme covers default on an education loan if the loan limit is ₹7.5 lakh without
any collateral security or third-party guarantee.
The Centre has decided to select 2,000 Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS) to open
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Pradhan Mantri Jan Aushadhi Kendra (PMJAK).
More than 9400 PMJAKs have already been opened across the country under PMBJP.
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About Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP):
Genesis: In 2015, the 'Jan Aushadhi Scheme' was revamped as 'Pradhan Mantri Jan Aushadhi
Pradhan Mantri Yojana' (PMJAY) which was again renamed as PMBJP in 2016.
Bhartiya Janaushadhi Launched by: Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers.
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Pariyojana (PMBJP) Objective: To provide quality medicines at affordable prices to the masses through dedicated
outlets called PMJAK.
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The Indian Navy's primary warship, INS Trishul, arived at Durban port in South Africa to honor the
130th anniversary of a significant incident involving Mahatma Gandhi.
On June 7, 1893, Gandhi was evicted from a train at Pietermaritzburg railway station, an event
that sparked his campaign against racial oppression.
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Pietermaritzburg, In the same year, Gandhi arrived in Durban to serve as a lawyer for merchant Dada Abdulla.
Railway Station, South This occasion also signifies 30 years since the re-establishment of diplomatic relations
Africa between India and South Africa.
New Zealand High Commission celebrated the 70th Anniversary of Edmund Hillary and
Tenzing Norgay becoming the first to reach the summit of Mount Everest, the highest point in the
world.
Mount Everest is the highest mountain peak in the world having the highest altitude above mean
sea level at 29,029 feet [8,848 meters].
It is a part of the Himalayas range.
Location: lies on the border between Nepal and the Tibet
Mount Everest Formation: by tectonic action as the Indian-Australian Plate moved northward and subducted
under the Eurasian Plate.
Everest is shaped like a three-sided pyramid.

08th JUNE, 2023
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MISSION ON ADVANCED AND HIGH-IMPACT RESEARCH (MAHIR) LAUNCHED TO
LEVERAGE EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN POWER SECTOR
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The mission was launched by the Ministry of Power and the Ministry of New and
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Renewable Energy jointly. SIGNIFICANCE
Key objectives Will serve as a catalyst for national
priorities such as achieving Net
Identify emerging technologies/areas of future relevance for the energy sector.
Zero emissions;
Create a vibrant & innovative ecosystem and provide a common platform for energy
Promote initiatives like Make in
Sector Stakeholders for various tasks.
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India and Start-up India;
Support pilot projects of indigenous technologies and facilitate their commercialization.
Will contribute towards achieving
Leverage foreign alliances and partnerships to accelerate R&D. the United Nation’s Sustainable
Make our Nation among the leading Countries in the Power System. Development Goals (SDGs);
Key features of the mission Will help in meeting growing
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energy demand.
Planned for an initial period of five years from 2023-24 to 2027-28.
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The Mission will follow the technology life cycle approach, i.e. Idea to Product. The Mission will have a two tier structure.
Technical Scoping Committee: To survey and identify the on-going and emerging areas of research globally and make
recommendations to the Apex Committee.
Apex Committee: To approve the research proposals and monitor the progress of research.
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Areas Identified for Research: Alternatives to Lithium-Ion storage batteries; Modifying electric cookers / pans to suit Indian cooking
methods; Green hydrogen for mobility; Carbon capture etc.
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RUSSIA TO INVEST $24 BN TO DEVELOP NORTHERN SEA ROUTE
The Northern Sea Route (NSR), or the Northeast Passage (NEP), connects the eastern and western parts of the Arctic Ocean.
The NSR runs from the Barents Sea, near Russia’s border with Norway, to the Bering Strait between Siberia and Alaska.
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NSR is different from the Northwest Passage which is a series of possible shipping routes connecting the Atlantic and Pacific
Oceans through the Canadian Arctic.
The entire route lies in Arctic waters and within Russia’s exclusive economic zone.
Due to Climate Change, NSR in Russia is becoming more accessible. Usually the
route only opens for two months annually.
Significance
Energy and time savings compared to the normally used route vie Suez Canal
are about 30-40%.
It is one-third of the distance of the traditional route through the Suez
Canal.
Piracy risk is non-existent.
Easier to explore, exploit and transport natural resources of the region.
Challenges:
Russia exercising its sovereignty over NSR and denial of the principle of
freedom of navigation might lead to geo-strategic conflict.
Arctic fog will reduce sailing time.
Environmental risks and increased operating costs.
COMMISSION FOR AGRICULTURAL COSTS AND PRICES (CACP) RELEASED REPORT ON

PRICE POLICY FOR KHARIF CROPS (2023-24)
The report contains recommendations on Minimum Support Price (MSP) for the mandated Kharif crops, namely, paddy, maize,
jowar, bajra, ragi, moong, urad, groundnut, soybean, sunflower etc.
Considerations while recommending MSP: CACP
Demand-supply and price situation in domestic and world market, About: It is an attached office of the Department of
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Inter-crop price parity, Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
Terms of trade between agriculture and nonagriculture sector, Genesis: Agricultural Prices Commission (APC) was
A minimum of 50 percent as margin over the cost of production etc. set up in 1965 to advise the Government on price
policy of major agricultural commodities. Since
Key recommendations: March 1985, the Commission has been known as
CACP.
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Procurement of grains should be reduced from the states who impose high
mandi fee and other levies as this restricts inter-state trade and makes markets Composition: Consists of a Chairman, one Member
inefficient. (Official), two Members (Non-Official) and a Member
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Take appropriate policy measures to promote rice cultivation in suitable Secretary. The non-official members are
representatives of the farming community.
areas and reduce the area under rice in Haryana, Punjab and western Uttar
DECARBONISING INDIAN CITIES

Pradesh.
Launch National Mission on Edible Oils (NMEO) with special focus on major
oilseeds such as rapeseed & mustard, groundnut, soybean etc. By 2050, seven billion people will be living in
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Yield gap (gap between actual yields and the potential yields) should be cities. In 2020 itself, cities dumped 29 trillion
narrowed by promoting integrated crop management, new technologies etc. tonnes of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
Suitable policy measures should be introduced for increasing access to rural Given the significant impact that cities have on
financial services for marginal and small farmers. the environment, low-carbon cities are crucial
to mitigate the effects of climate change.
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Collective/group ownership of machinery through SHGs, FPOs, cooperative
societies etc. should be encouraged to make high cost farm machinery and Ways to Decarbonise cities
implements affordable.
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Setor-coupling approach: Sector coupling
INDIA EMERGED AS THE WORLD'S 2ND LARGEST

refers to the idea of interconnecting
(integrating) the energy consuming sectors -
PRODUCER OF CRUDE STEEL buildings (heating and cooling), transport,
and industry - with the power producing
India currently ranks as the
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ABOUT IRON ORE sector.
World's 2nd Largest Producer of The adoption of electricity as the
Crude Steel with the production of Iron ores consist mainly of hematite,
primary source in all energy-related
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crude steel at 133.596 MT. magnetite, limonite, siderite (FeCO3).
Key Active Mines: Bailadila, Nuagaon,
processes, including transportation,
It surpassed Japan in 2018. heating, and manufacturing, has the
Gandhamardhan, Joda, Balda, Narayanposhi,
China remains the global Daitari, and Barsua Mine. potential to revolutionize the energy
leader in crude steel In 2021, India exported $4.3B in Iron Ore, landscape.
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production. making it the 7th largest exporter of Iron Ore Carbon capture and storage (CCS)
About Steel and, imported $177M in Iron Ore, becoming technologies: Mitigation options on the
the 41st largest importer of Iron Ore. supply side encompass the gradual
Steel is an alloy of iron and
carbon containing less than Low-grade ores comprised 92% of India's elimination of fossil fuels, a greater
total iron ore exports. incorporation of renewables in the energy
2% carbon and 1% manganese
and small amounts of silicon, phosphorus, sulphur and oxygen. mix, and the adoption of CCS technologies.
Iron is made by removing oxygen and other impurities from iron ore. ‘Avoid, shift, improve’ framework: On the
demand side, using the ‘avoid, shift, improve’
Steel is the world’s most important engineering and construction material. framework would entail reducing the demand
It is used in every aspect of our lives; in cars and construction products, for materials and energy, and substituting the
refrigerators and washing machines, cargo ships and surgical scalpels. demand for fossil fuels with renewables.
Initiatives for steel industry: Carbon-dioxide removal (CDR)
Steel Scrap Recycling Policy for promoting the scientific processing and technologies: To tackle residual emissions in
recycling of ferrous scrap; the energy sector, the implementation of CDR
National Steel Policy 2017 set the targets of achieving the total crude steel technologies Should be explored.
capacity of 300 MTPA and total crude steel demand/production of 255 DIFFERENT STRATEGIES FOR DIFFERENT CITIES
MTPA by 2030-31;
Transitioning to renewable energy sources also
Policy for providing preference to Domestically Manufactured Iron and Steel needs considerations of city’s characteristics
Products (DMI & SP Policy); Various considerations like the city's spatial form,
Production Linked Incentive Scheme for domestic production of specialty land-use pattern, level of development, and the
steel has been approved in 2021. state of urbanisation.
5TH STATE FOOD SAFETY INDEX (SFSI) RELEASED BY FOOD SAFETY AND STANDARDS
AUTHORITY OF INDIA (FSSAI)
FSSAI has developed the Index to measure the performance of states on
various parameters of Food Safety.
FSSAI is a statutory body established under Food Safety and Standards
Act, 2006.
It functions under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare with a
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mandate to ensure public health at large.
The 1st State Food Safety Index was released in 2019
SFSI aims to foster healthy competition and catalyze positive change in
the food safety ecosystem throughout the country, ultimately ensuring
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the provision of safe and wholesome food to all residents.
SFSI is a dynamic quantitative and qualitative benchmarking model that provides an objective framework for evaluating food
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safety across all States/UTs.
This index is based on performance of State/ UT on different parameters (see infographics)
Key highlight of report
Similar states are compared in categories of Large states (20), small states (8) and UTs (8)
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Top performers in 5th edition were Kerala (Large states), Goa (small state) and J&K (UTs).
The report highlights specialised testing labs and trained food safety officers along with multiple efforts are initiated.
ALSO IN NEWS
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Recently, India and USA signed India-U.S. Strategic Trade Dialogue (IUSSTD) to streamline their
export control regimes for critical technologies.
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Key Highlights
It will serve as the key mechanism for strategic collaborations envisaged under India-US iCET.
It will facilitate development and trade of technologies in critical domains such as
semiconductors, space, telecom, quantum, AI, defense, biotech etc.
India-U.S. Strategic
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Trade Dialogue The main objective is to build and diversify resilient supply chains for strategic technologies.
(IUSSTD) For example - GE- jet engine sales to India
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A regular monitoring group was agreed upon to review the progress.
The Cabinet approved the continuation of the Central Sector Scheme of “Exploration of Coal and
Lignite scheme”
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It will run from 2021-22 to 2025-26.
About Exploration of Coal and Lignite Scheme
Exploration for Coal and Lignite is conducted in two broad stages: Promotional (Regional)
Exploration and Detailed Exploration in Non-Coal India Limited blocks.
Exploration of Coal Importance: It proves and gives an estimated coal resources available in the country which
and Lignite Scheme helps in preparing detailed project report to start coal mining.
The Geological reports prepared through these exploration is used for auctioning new coal
blocks.
Recently, the European Union approved the first vaccine for common respiratory virus
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
The virus was first discovered in 1956 as a common respiratory virus.
It causes mild cold-like symptoms and can be serious especially for infants and elderly.
Vaccine
Vaccine for respiratory The vaccine named Arexvy is designed to protect people aged 60 and over.
syncytial virus (RSV) It contains a recombinant subunit pre-fusion RSV glycoprotein antigen (RSVPreF3).
Some short lived side-effects include injection site pain, fatigue, mild to moderate muscle or
joint aches, or headache.

The FSIB selected new chiefs for General Insurance Corporation of India (GIC Re) and National
Insurance Company (NIC).
About FSIB: Set up under Department of Financial Services (DFS), Ministry of Finance. It
replaced Banks Board Bureau (BBB).
Functions
Mandated to recommend whole-time directors and non-executive chairpersons on Boards
of financial services institutions.
Advise on certain other matters relating to personnel management in these institutions.
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Financial Services Composition
Institution Bureau Chairperson to be nominated by Central Government.
(FSIB) Ex officio members: Secretary in charge of DFS, Department of Public Enterprises, Chairperson
of IRDAI, Deputy Governor of RBI.
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Several part-time members with subject matter knowledge.
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New evidence suggests that Homo naledi, an extinct human species, may have buried their
dead and carved meaningful symbols in a cave.
The burials are older than any known Homo sapiens burials by at least 100,000 years.
Features of Homo naledi
They walked fully upright and had hands that were similar to ours.
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Shoulders were built for climbing and teeth were shaped like that of older primates.
Homo naledi Brain size was just one-third of that of modern humans.
Humankind’s earliest ancestors: Ardipithicines, Australopithecines, Homo habilis, Homo
ergaster/erectus, Homo neanderthalensis, Denisovans
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It is an annual exercise conducted between the navies of India and Maldives.
Exercise Ekatha
Serbia (Capital City: Belgrade)
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The President is on a state visit to Serbia. The visit is the first by an
Indian President to Serbia.
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Political features:
Location: A landlocked country in South East Europe which covers
part of the Pannonian Plain and Central and Western Balkan
Peninsula.
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Border countries: Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, North Macedonia,
Kosovo, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro.
Places in News Climate: Continental, with a gradual transition between the four seasons.
Rivers: Danube, Sava and Tisa etc.
Highest Point: Daravica
Fiji (capital: Suva)
Fiji reconsiders security ties with China amid Pacific tensions.
Political Boundaries:
Fiji is an archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean.
It surrounds the Koro Sea about 1,300 miles (2,100 km) north
of Auckland, New Zealand.
Geographical Features:
The Fiji islands are largely the product of volcanic action,
sedimentary deposit, and formations of coral.
Of the 300 islands, about 100 are inhabited.
Highest point: Tomanivi
Largest Island: Viti Levu (“Great Fiji”).

09th JUNE, 2023
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RBI RELEASES GUIDELINES ON DEFAULT LOSS GUARANTEE (DLG) IN DIGITAL LENDING
DLG is defined as a contractual arrangement where Lending Service Providers (LSPs) guarantees to compensate Regulated Entity
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(RE) for loss due to default up to a certain percentage of loan portfolio.
RE include all Commercial Banks, Primary (Urban) Co-operative Banks, State and Central Co-operative Banks, NBFCs (including
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Housing Finance Companies).
This arrangement between REs and LSPs or between two REs involving DLG is commonly known as First Loss Default Guarantee
(FLDG).
Directions are issued under Banking Regulation Act, 1949, Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, National Housing Bank Act, 1987 and
Factoring Regulation Act.
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Key highlights of the guidelines
RE may enter into DLG arrangements only with a LSP/ other RE with which it has entered into an outsourcing
Eligibility arrangement.
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LSP providing DLG must be incorporated under Companies Act, 2013.
Cash deposited with RE.
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Forms of DLG Fixed Deposits maintained with a Scheduled Commercial Bank in favour of RE.
Bank Guarantee in favour of RE.
Cap on DLG Total amount of DLG cover shall not exceed 5% of the amount of that loan portfolio.
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Invocation of DLG Within a maximum overdue period of 120 days.
Tenor of DLG Not less than the longest tenor of the loan in the underlying loan portfolio.
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Guarantees covered under following schemes/ entities shall not be covered:
Guarantee schemes of Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises.
Credit Risk Guarantee Fund Trust for Low Income Housing.
Exceptions to
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DLG Individual schemes under National Credit Guarantee Trustee Company Ltd.
Credit guarantee provided by Bank for International Settlements (BIS), IMF, Multilateral Development Banks.
POWER MINISTRY ASKS CENTRAL ELECTRICITY REGULATORY COMMISSION (CERC) TO

START PROCESS FOR MARKET COUPLING
Market coupling refers to forming of a single power trading entity owned by the government.
Under market coupling, buy and sell bids from all power exchanges in the country will be aggregated and matched to discover a
uniform power prices or market clearing price (MCP).
At present, MCPs are different in three power exchanges that India has - Indian Energy Exchange Limited (IEX), Power Exchange
India Limited (PXIL) and Hindustan Power Exchange Limited (HPX).
IEX currently enjoys a monopoly status with almost 90% share in the electricity market.
Other benefits of market coupling
To move towards a “One Nation, One Grid, One Frequency, One Price” framework by implementing the Market-Based Economic
Dispatch (MBED) mechanism.
MBED mechanism envisages centralised scheduling for dispatching the entire yearly consumption of electricity, both at the
inter-state and intra-state levels, of around 1,400 billion units.
Will also pave the way for the implementation of electricity derivatives in the market.
MINISTRY OF COOPERATION TAKES IMPORTANT DECISIONS RELATED TO PRIMARY

AGRICULTURAL CREDIT SOCIETIES (PACS)
Key decisions taken are:
PACS which are not currently functioning as Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samridhi Centre plans to set up 2 lakh PACS,
RECENT INITIATIVES TAKEN FOR PACS

Kendras (PMKSK) will be brought under the ambit of PMKSK. dairy, and fisheries cooperatives in
PMKSK, under Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilisers, provides agri-inputs and the next five years.
carry out awareness programmes for farmers.
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PACS will be connected with marketing of organic fertilizers.
PACS can also be employed as Drone entrepreneurs for spraying fertilizers Centrally Sponsored Project
and pesticides, survey of property. “Computerization of PACS”.
PACS, registered as cooperative societies, is the lowest tier of three-tier
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Short-term cooperative credit with around 13 crore farmers as its members.
Other two tiers are State Cooperative Banks (SCBs) at state level and District Ministry of Cooperation writes up
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Central Cooperative Banks at district level (DCCBs). new bylaws for PACS for uniform
adoption.
PACS are refinanced by NABARD through DCCBs and SCBs.
PACS are outside purview of Banking Regulation Act, 1949 and hence not
regulated by RBI. A national cooperative database is
Around 63,000 PACS are functional in India; providing various facilities such also being prepared by Ministry of
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as- Input facilities (cash or kind), Agricultural implements and storage facility. Cooperation.
Individual farmers are members of PACS, and office-bearers are elected from
RBI EXPANDS SCOPE AND

within them.
A village can have multiple PACS.
INDIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT (IMD) REACH OF E-RUPI VOUCHERS
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DECLARED THE ONSET OF MONSOON IN INDIA
e-RUPI is a one-time use digital solution to
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facilitate cashless payment which is person &
Onset of monsoon over Kerala signals the beginning of southwest monsoon purpose specific solutions for various services
season. like COVID Vaccine, donations, corporate gift
IMD announces the onset only after certain parameters (consistency of rainfall vouchers, etc.
over a defined geography, intensity of rainfall, and wind speed) are met (refer At present, vouchers are issued by banks on
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table). behalf of Central and State Governments
IMD also stated that monsoon is expected to remain weak for at least one more and also on behalf of corporates.
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week, due to development of cyclone Biparjoy in Arabian Sea. Key features of e-RUPI
Cyclones in North Indian Ocean have had both positive and negative impacts
A pre-paid voucher, which beneficiary can
on the onset of monsoon.
redeem at any centre that accepts it.
Since circulation of winds around cyclones is in anticlockwise direction,
location of cyclone is critical as far as cyclone’s impact on transition of the To be redeemed only for purchase of goods
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monsoon trough (a low-pressure region) is concerned. and services and not for cash out or cash
back on redemption.
For example, if a cyclone lies further north in Bay of Bengal, back-winds
blowing from southwest to northeast can pull monsoon trough forward, and Beneficiary receives e-RUPI in the form of
assist in monsoon’s onset. SMS/QR code.
Parameters About Cap is INR 1,00,000/- per voucher for

Government schemes only. For Private
If at least 60% of 14 designated meteorological stations in entities, limit is INR 10,000/- per voucher.
Rainfall Kerala and Lakshadweep record at least 2.5 mm of rain for two
consecutive days at any time after May 10. Launched by: National Payments
Corporation of India (NPCI) in association
Depth of westerlies should be up to 600 hectopascal (1 hPa is with Department of Financial Services,
equal to 1 millibar of pressure) in the area bound by equator to National Health Authority, Ministry of Health
10ºN latitude (passes through Kochi), and from longitude and Family Welfare, and partner banks.
Wind Field 55ºE to 80ºE (from middle of Iran to about Chennai).
Now scope and reach is expanded by:
Zonal wind speed over the area bounded by Lat. 5-10ºN, Long.
70-80ºE should be of the order of 15 – 20 Kts. at 925 hPa. Permitting non-bank Prepaid Payment
Instrument (PPI) issuers to issue e-RUPI
INSAT derived Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) value
vouchers.
should be below 200 watt per sq m (wm2) in the area between
Heat 5ºN and 10ºN latitudes, and 70ºE and 75ºE longitudes. Enabling issuance on behalf of individuals.
OLR is a measure of the energy emitted to space by the Facilitate more use by reloading of vouchers,
Earth’s surface, oceans, and atmosphere. authentication process, issuance limits, etc.
ALSO IN NEWS
First Round Table Joint Meeting between India and New Zealand was held in Delhi.
Tentative areas of cooperation identified: Facilitation of UPI system, carbon credit, package
proposal on Kiwi fruits, trans-shipment hub, technological collaboration, cooperation in work visa
and banking.
Joint meeting between Discussions also focused on taking forward the objectives of the Joint Trade Committee (JTC),
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India and New Zealand formed under the Bilateral Trade Agreement of 1986.
US, UK forged 'Atlantic Declaration' with an aim to counter Russia, China and economic
instability.
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Atlantic Declaration form the basis of a new type of partnership across full spectrum of
economic, technological, commercial and trade relations.
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It also aims to boost industry ties on defense and renewable energy, in the face of growing
Atlantic Declaration
competition from China.
New Generation Ballistic Missile ‘Agni Prime’ was successfully flight-tested by DRDO.
Agni-P is a two-stage canisterised solid propellant ballistic missile with dual redundant
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navigation and guidance system.
It has a range between 1000 to 2000 km.
It is lighter than all the earlier Agni series of missiles.
Agni Prime or Agni-P Agni missiles form the backbone of India’s nuclear deterrence.
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Agni-1 to 5 surface to surface ballistic missiles are designed & developed by DRDO.
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A long drought in Spain has put water management in the spotlight, particularly around the DNP.
DNP in Andalusia (Autonomous community of Spain) occupies the right bank of Guadalquivir river.
It is notable for great diversity of its biotopes, especially lagoons, marshlands, fixed and mobile
dunes, scrub woodland and maquis.
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It is one of the largest heronries in the Mediterranean region.
It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
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Doñana National Park
(DNP) Doñana Biosphere Reserve, whose core area is made up of DNP, is a UNESCO Biosphere reserve.
It is located in the Gulf of Cadiz (wide embayment of the Atlantic Ocean along the
southwestern Iberian Peninsula).
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Colorado river, in Grand Canyon (Arizona, USA), is losing water at an alarming rate.
Grand Canyon, a deep gorge, is a product of tectonic uplift. It has been carved as Colorado
River cuts down through Colorado Plateau.
Oldest rock in Grand Canyon, Elves Chasm Gneiss, is part of Vishnu Basement Rocks.
A canyon is a deep, narrow valley with steep sides.
Movement of rivers, weathering and erosion, and tectonic activity create canyons.
Canyon
Rivers of deep canyons do not meander and change their course.
Different types of canyons: Mountain-type, box, slot, Submarine Canyons etc.
Upper Sileru PSP of Andhra Pradesh approved in record time by Central Electricity Authority (CEA).
PSP utilises surplus grid power available from thermal power stations or other sources to
pump up water from lower to upper reservoir and reproduces power during peak demand
when there is scarcity of power.
Various PSPs are necessary to achieve India’s commitment of 500 GW installed capacity from
non-fossil fuel sources by 2030 and Net Zero carbon emissions by 2070.
Pumped Storage
PSPs will help integrate intermittent Renewable Energy (RE) with Grid and meeting peaking
Project (PSP)
requirement of Grid.

Scientists have documented the first-known instance of a FP (also referred as "virgin birth”) by a
crocodile.
Facultative parthenogenesis is the ability of sexually reproducing species to sometimes
produce offspring asexually.
In FP, a female's egg cell can develop into a baby without being fertilized by a male's sperm cell.
Facultative Here, in making an egg cell, a precursor cell divides into four cells. One of them acts as a
parthenogenesis (FP) sperm cell and fuses with the egg to become fertilized.
FP has also been documented in other species of fish, birds, lizards and snakes.
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An ICMR study found that number of diabetic cases has increased by 44% to around 101 million
in four years.
Study also found that around 35.5% of the people had hypertension, and about 39.5% and
28.6% suffered from abdominal obesity and overall obesity, respectively.
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With diabetes, body doesn’t make enough insulin (released by pancreas) or can’t use it as well
as it should.
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Main types of diabetes: type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes (diabetes while pregnant).
Type 1 Type 2
Diabetes • Body attacks cells in pancreas which • Body is unable to make enough insulin or
means it cannot make any insulin. the insulin doesn’t work properly.
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• A genetic condition that often • Mainly lifestyle-related and develops over
shows up early in life time
IFS officer Jagdish S. Bakan has been named by UNESCO for Michel Batisse Award 2023 for
Biosphere Reserve Management.
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Award is given every two years, in memory of Dr Michel Batisse, for outstanding achievements in
the management of biosphere reserves in line with recommendations of the Seville Strategy.
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Seville strategy recommends action to be taken for future development of biosphere reserves.
Michel Batisse
Prize is managed by UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere (MAB).
Award
Other prizes under this are: UNESCO Sultan Qaboos Prize for Environmental Conservation and
MAB Young Scientists Awards.
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A tomb-like structure was accidentally discovered in Siri Fort area by Archaeological Survey of
India (ASI).
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Siri Fort was built in the 13th Century by Alauddin Khilji.
Siri is considered among one of the eight cities of Delhi.
Alauddin Khilji laid the foundation of his capital Siri in 1303 A.D.
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He also excavated a reservoir known as Hauz Khaz to meet the requirement of Siri township.
Siri He also constructed semi-circular gateway, popularly known as Alai Darwaja, with horseshoe
shaped arch with lotus motifs.
MP Tourism Board in association with district administration Dhar launched a training camp
on manufacturing sustainable bags based on Bagh Print.
Bagh Print of Dhar is a traditional hand block print made mostly on cotton fabric.
Its name is derived from the village Bagh on the banks of the Baghini River.
Vegetable colours of red and black over a white background is used
Bagh print It has been awarded Geographical Indications (GI) tag.

10th JUNE, 2023
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WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION (WHO) REPORT HIGHLIGHTS SIGNIFICANT IMPACT OF
'HAR GHAR JAL' PROGRAM ON PUBLIC HEALTH AND ECONOMIC SAVINGS
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The ‘Har Ghar Jal’ report focuses on diarrheal diseases as they contribute significantly to the overall disease burden related to
water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) issues.
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Highlights of the report:
Observation Impact of the program
In 2019, unsafe drinking water, along with Will avert nearly 400,000 deaths caused by diarrheal diseases in India.
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inadequate sanitation and hygiene, contributed to Avoid 14 million DALYS (Disability Adjusted Life Years) from diarrhoea.
1.4 million deaths and 74 million Disability
DALYs are the sum of the years of life lost due to premature mortality
Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) globally.
and the years lived with a disability due to prevalent cases of the
disease.
Save close to $101 billion and 66.6 million hours every day (in the time
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In 2018, women in India spent an average of 45.5
minutes daily collecting water to meet household spent for collecting water by women).
needs (majorly in rural areas).
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Government’s investment in Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) Investing in water and sanitation results in benefits, including economic,
has a significant multiplier effect on health. environmental, quality of life, and health.
Safe water addresses both communicable and non-communicable
diseases.
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About 'Har Ghar Jal' programme (2019)
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Implemented by: Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) under the Ministry of Jal Shakti.
Aim: Provide every rural household with affordable and regular access to an adequate supply of safe drinking water
through taps.
Progress: Increase in rural tap water connections from 16.64% in 2019 to 62.84% in a span of 41 months.
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GOVERNMENT NOTIFIES VITAL MEASURES TO STRENGTHEN URBAN CO-OPERATIVE
BANKS (UCB)
In order to provide an impetus to the prudential framework for the resolution of
stressed assets and to harmonise instructions across all regulated entities (REs), RBI NEED OF THESE INITIATIVES
has notified measures like Deprived of entering into many services
New Branches: UCBs can open new branches up to 10% (maximum 5 branches) at par with commercial Banks.
of the number of branches in the previous financial year without prior approval of Unable to expand their Branch network
RBI. in the same or adjacent districts or entire
One-Time Settlement: Through board-approved policies provide a process for state.
technical write-off as well as settlement with borrowers, similar to commercial Poor coordination with the RBI.
banks.
Priority Sector Lending (PSL) targets: Timeline to achieve PSL targets by two years i.e. up to March 31, 2026.
Deadline of March 31, 2023 to achieve PSL target of 60% has now also been extended to March 31,2024.
Designating a Nodal Officer in RBI: For closer coordination and focused interaction
UCB’s (also known as Primary Cooperative Banks) are cooperative societies registered under provisions of the respective State
Cooperative Societies Act or Multi-state Cooperative Societies Act, 2002.
In 2020, the government amended the Banking Regulation Act 1949 to give more powers to the RBI for regulating the UCBs.
NATIONAL DRUG PRICING REGULATOR (NPPA) FIXES RETAIL PRICES OF 23 DRUG

FORMULATIONS
NPPA has fixed retail prices of 23 formulations, including the medications to treat diabetes and high blood pressure.
It has also revised the ceiling price of 15 scheduled formulations under Drugs (Prices Control) Order, 2013 (NLEM 2022).
Drug Price Control in India:
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare draws up a National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) 2022 for price control.
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These essential medicines automatically come under the Drug (Prices Control) Order (DPCO),2013.
The National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA), which is an independent body in the Ministry of Chemicals and
Fertilisers, enforces these price controls.
Also, monitor the availability of drugs, identify shortages; collect/ maintain data on production, exports and imports,
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market share of individual companies, etc.
Other legislations: Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940; Pharmacy Act, 1948; Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisement)
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Act, 1954; Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985.
Mechanism of price controls:
A market-based pricing mechanism where the ceiling price is the simple
average price of all brands.
CACP RECOMMENDS CENTRE TO
The ceiling prices of scheduled medicines will be allowed an annual increase BRING UREA UNDER NUTRIENT-
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as per the Wholesale Price Index.
BASED SUBSIDY (NBS) REGIME
EUROPEAN UNION (EU) FORMALLY NOTIFIED THE TO CHECK OVERUSE
IMPLEMENTATION OF CARBON BORDER ADJUSTMENT Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices
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MECHANISM (CBAM) AT THE WTO
(CACP) also recommended a cap on number
of subsidised bags of fertilizers per farmer to
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reduce government’s subsidy burden.
About CBAM
Recommendations are part of non-price
A tool to put a fair price on policy recommendations for the kharif
the carbon emitted during CARBON BORDER
ADJUSTMENT MECHANISM crops 2023-2024 season.
the production of carbon
Government is making available fertilisers to
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intensive goods that are
farmers at subsidized prices through fertilizer
entering the EU. (See
Non-EU manufacturers/importers.
Image)
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EU Producer Producer
While urea is provided at a statutorily
Also, to encourage
notified maximum retail price (MRP), for
cleaner industrial
phosphatic and potassic (P&K) fertiliser
production in non-EU Are EU climate
standards met? there is a NBS scheme.
countries. ETS
NO
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YES
About NBS
Primary objective is to
avert ‘carbon leakage’: Meets EU
Introduced in 2010, in continuation of
climate standards Pay CBAM erstwhile Concession Scheme (1992).
Manufacturers move
carbon-intensive production Enter the Applicable for Di Ammonium Phosphate
EU market
to countries outside the (DAP), Mono Ammonium Phosphate (MAP),
region with less stringent Triple super Phosphate (TSP), Muriate of
climate policies. Potash (MOP), Single Super Phosphate (SSP),
It is a part of the EU’s broader European Green Deal: to achieve 55% ammonium Sulphate etc.
reduction in carbon emissions compared to 1990 levels by 2030 and Primary nutrients, namely Nitrogen 'N',
become a climate neutral continent by 2050. Phosphate 'P' and Potash 'K' and nutrient
India is likely to challenge the EU’s proposed carbon tax at the WTO, citing Sulphur 'S' contained in fertilizers
concerns like mentioned above are eligible for NBS.
Against the UN principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Any variant of the fertilizers mentioned
Respective Capabilities (CBDR–RC). above with secondary and micronutrients
(except ‘S’) attract a separate subsidy.
India have opposed CBAM calling it ‘discriminatory’ as it will ramp up prices of
their goods in Europe and shrink demand. Per nutrient subsidy is decided annually by
Department of Fertilizers based on the
Affect exports of meat, leather hide, wood furniture, paper and coffee.
recommendations of the Inter-Ministerial
Under a carbon tax, the government sets a price that emitters must pay for Committee (IMC).
each ton of greenhouse gas emissions they emit.
Subsidy is released directly to fertilizer
Finland first to levy carbon tax. companies.
IN A FIRST, NASA’S PARKER SOLAR PROBE 'TOUCHES' THE SUN TO DISCOVER ABOUT
SOURCE OF SOLAR WINDS
Finding of the probe regarding solar winds
REASON FOR STUDYING SUN
Faster flows of solar winds come from sudden whip-cracking bursts of energy
To better understand how its
released during the rapid realignment of magnetic fields.
ever-changing conditions can influence
Probe revealed that coronal holes — darker, cooler regions that open in the sun's Earth, other worlds, and even space itself.
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outer atmosphere — are shaped like "showerheads" made up of mostly evenly
spaced funnels of material. Studying sun informs research about other
stars throughout the universe.
Significance of the finding:
Understanding solar mechanism like
understand how the sun releases energy and drives geomagnetic storms,
particle acceleration, fusion reaction in
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which are a threat to communication networks.
interior, etc.
better prediction of solar storms.
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Solar wind is a continuous outflow of plasma, which contains charged particles like protons and electrons.
It also includes part of the solar magnetic field and extends well beyond the corona, interacting with planets and the interstellar
medium.
ISRO is also planning to launch the Aditya-L1 mission this year.
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It is the first Indian space mission to observe the Sun and the solar corona.
It shall be placed in a halo orbit around the Lagrange point 1 (L1) of the Sun-Earth system, which is about 1.5 million km from
the Earth.
ALSO IN NEWS
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Ministry of Commerce and Industry expressed that India is open to free trade agreement (FTA)
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negotiations bilaterally or individually with African countries or Africa as a whole.
India is engaged with two important groups of Africa i.e. AfCFTA and Southern African Customs
Union (SACU).
African Continental Free AfCFTA agreement was signed in 2018 between 55 African nations, to create the largest free
Trade Area (AfCFTA) and trade area in the world.
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Southern African Customs SACU is a customs union among five countries of Southern Africa: Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho,
Union (SACU) Namibia and South Africa.
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RBI has allowed banks to issue RuPay Prepaid Forex cards for use at ATMs, PoS (point-of-sale)
machines and online merchants overseas.
Further, RuPay Debit, Credit, and Prepaid Cards will be enabled for issuance in foreign
jurisdictions, which can be used internationally, including in India.
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These measures will expand the reach and acceptance of RuPay cards globally.
RuPay is the first-of-its-kind global Card payment network of India, launched by National
RuPay Card Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) in 2012.
It aims to replace international payment networks such as Visa etc.
About Namdapha Tiger reserve

Location: Changlang district of Arunachal Pradesh.
Namdapha is also the name of a river which originates from Daphabum and meets
Noa-Dehing river.
It flows right across in a North-South direction of the National Park.
Flora:
One of the rarest and endangered orchids, the Blue Vanda.
Medicinal plant Mishimi Teeta (Copti teeta).
Namdapha Tiger
Fauna:
Reserve
Only park in the World to have the four Feline species of big cat: Tiger (Panthera Tigris),
Leopard (Panthera Pardus), Snow Leopard (Panthera Uncia) Clouded Leopard (Neofelis
Nebulosa).
Assamese macaque, pig-tailed macaque, stump-tailed macaque, etc.

Ministry of Ports, Shipping & Waterways (MoPSW) launched ‘SAGAR SAMRIDDHI’.

It is an online dredging monitoring system.
Presently, Cochin Port and Mumbai Port have adopted the system.
Aim: It will enable better productivity, better contract management and also effective reuse of
dredged material with waste to wealth concept.
Capabilities of ‘Sagar Samriddhi’ include: Real time dredging progress report; Daily and
SAGAR SAMRIDDHI monthly progress Visualisation; Easy location track data with snapshot of loading, etc.
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About Dredging: Dredging is the act of removing silt and other material from the bottom of
bodies of water.
It is a draft a series of commitments to “responsible state behaviour in cyberspace” for G20

member countries outlined by National Cybersecurity Coordinator of India.
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Its provisions have been drawn from existing non-binding norms that they have already signed
onto under United Nations auspices.
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Under it (if adopted), G20 countries would commit to “not damage critical infrastructure or other
Delhi Declaration on essential systems; commit to cooperate, mitigate and investigate cyber incidents, etc.
Cyber Security Note: In 2022, United Nations Security Council’s Counter-Terrorism Committee adopted the
Delhi Declaration to deal with Terrorism.
Indian Astronomers have discovered two new Millisecond Pulsars (MSP) conducted by the
Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT).
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About MSPs:
MSPs are dense, tiny neutron stars, which are formed when a massive star (for example, the
Sun) collapses.
Named pulsars because they emit pulses of radiation at regular intervals.
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Millisecond Pulsars Millisecond pulsars emit radiations every few milliseconds.
(MSP)
Chances of detection of gravitational waves are higher when there is a significant population
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of MSPs in a region.
The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) released a
report to address a major threat to marine species: noise pollution.
The report focuses on three major sources of noise pollution: shipping, seismic airgun surveys
(used in oil and gas exploration) pile driving (used for offshore wind farms and other marine
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infrastructure).
Solution offered to reduce noise pollution:
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Marine Noise Alterations in ship design and propeller technology, and improving operating conditions;
Pollution Marine Vibroseis, a technology designed to produce controlled, lower-frequency seismic
signals, etc.
The birch bark and clay coated Gilgit manuscripts are the oldest surviving manuscripts in India.
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There were written between the 5" -6" centuries CE.
These manuscripts include both canonical and non-canonical Buddhist works that throw light
on the evolution of other languages like Sanskrit, Chinese, etc.
The manuscripts contain sutras from the Buddhist canon, Samadhirajasutra and the
Saddharmapundarikasutra (the Lotus Sutra).
Gilgit Manuscripts
They were first discovered at the ruins of an ancient stupa-like structure at Naupur village in
Gilgit, Kashmir in 1931.
Rwanda (Capital- Kigali)
Political boundaries
It is bounded to the north by Uganda, to the east by
Tanzania, to the south by Burundi, and to the west
by the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Lying south of the Equator ineast-central Africa, is
often referred as ‘land of a thousand hills’.
Geographics features
Places In news
Major rivers: Akagera, Akanyaru, Base, Rubyiro,
Ruhwa,Rusizi,
Major Lakes: Kivu, Ruhondo, and Mugesera
Highest peak: Mount Karisimbi

11th & 12th JUNE, 2023
RBI ISSUES FRAMEWORK FOR COMPROMISE SETTLEMENTS AND TECHNICAL

WRITE-OFFS Know the Term
Aim is to provide further impetus to resolution of stressed assets as well as to Compromise settlements: any negotiated
rationalise instructions across all Regulated Entities (REs). arrangement with the borrower to fully settle
claims of RE against borrower in cash; it may
REs includes all Commercial Banks, Primary (Urban) Co-operative Banks, State and entail some sacrifice of amount due from
borrower on the part of REs.
Central Co-operative Banks, NBFCs (including Housing Finance Companies) etc.
Technical write-off: Cases where
In 2019, RBI also released Prudential Framework for Resolution of Stressed Assets
non-performing assets remain outstanding at
regarding compromise settlements. borrowers’ loan account level, but are
written-off (fully or partially) by RE only for
Key features of the framework accounting purposes.
REs shall put in place Board-approved policies for undertaking compromise Wilful defaulter: a borrower who refuses to
repay loans despite having the capacity to pay up.
settlements and technical write-offs.
Policies to include specific conditions such as framework to assess staff accountability, methodology for arriving at realisable
value of security, delegation of powers for approval/sanction etc.
A reporting mechanism to the next higher authority, at least on a quarterly basis.
Cooling period (for borrowers subject to compromise settlements) in respect of exposures other than farm credit exposures shall
be subject to a floor of 12 months. REs are free to stipulate higher cooling periods.
REs can undertake compromise settlements or technical write-offs regarding accounts categorised as wilful defaulters or fraud
without prejudice to criminal proceedings against such debtors.
LOSS OF ARCTIC SEA ICE IS INEVITABLE IN THE DECADES AHEAD

A recent study found that even if the temperature-rise was restricted to
1.5°C or 2°C (as per Paris Agreement) still Arctic Sea ice cannot be saved
in summer.
Moreover, first such summer could be possible in 2030s.
Previously, it was stated that global emissions will drive temperatures
to beyond 4.5°C making Arctic ice-free by 2081-2100.
Earlier, a NASA study highlighted that Summer Arctic sea ice extent is
shrinking by 12.6% per decade as a result of global warming.
Importance of Arctic sea ice
Sea ice is light-coloured and therefore reflects more sunlight back to
space than liquid water, thus playing a vital role in keeping polar
regions cool and maintaining earth’s energy balance.
Sea ice also keeps the air cool by forming a barrier between cold air
above and relatively warmer water below.
Changes in sea ice can affect biodiversity and impact mammals such
as polar bears and walruses.
It also affects traditional subsistence hunting lifestyle of indigenous
populations such as Yup’ik, Iñupiat, and Inuit.
However, reduced ice can present “commercial and economic
opportunities” with opening up of shipping lanes and increased
access to natural resources in Arctic region.
INDIA LOOKS AT DEVISING OWN STANDARDS TO ASSESS SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROGRESS

A working paper by Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM) stated that global standards often present a
misleading picture of India’s performance on various development indicators.
Paper investigated following development indicators:
Indicator By Issues Highlighted

Childhood Stunting National Family and Health Survey (NFHS) Blanket use of global benchmark (one-size-fits-all approach)
(low height for age) based on WHO growth standards. overstates India’s child malnutrition problem.
Life Expectancy at Lack of availability of local data and improper adjustments

United Nations Population Division using modelling procedures end up skewing data for India.
Birth
India’s Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) does not capture
economically productive work done by women (ironically
Female Labour against ILO standards followed internationally) like poultry
Force Participation International Labour Organisation (ILO) farming, milking of cows, etc. as part of their domestic duties.
Rate It pushes a significant proportion of women in active labour
force into ‘out of labour force’ category.
Recommendations
IN SOUTHERN AND NORTH-EAST
REGION, MORE WOMEN AVAILED
Revisit data on local anthropometric measurements and simultaneously
release data based on our own benchmarks derived from indigenous
characteristics which are better suited to gauge malnutrition in India.
India’s data gathering agencies (such as Registrar General of India) need to
LOAN UNDER PM-SVANIDHI (PM
provide timely and quality data. STREET VENDORS’ ATMANIRBHAR
COUNTRY'S FIRST DIMETHYL ETHER (DME) FUELLED NIDHI)
TRACTOR USHERS A NEW ERA OF CLEAN FUEL According to data from Ministry of Housing
and Urban Affairs (MoHUA):
APPLICATIONS About 41% of
PM-SVANidhi are women.
beneficiaries of
Researchers at IIT Kanpur developed a 100% DME-fuelled engine with a Andhra Pradesh (70%), Telangana (66%),
mechanical fuel injection system. Tamil Nadu (64%), Manipur (94%),
Nagaland (88%), Meghalaya (77%) stand
Research was supported by Science and Engineering Research Board out for their high women share.
(SERB), under Department of Science and Technology (DST), and aligned with PM-SVANidhi, a Central Sector Scheme (of
NITI Ayog's 'Methanol Economy' program. MoHUA) was launched to facilitate street
vendors to access affordable working
About DME capital loan for resuming their livelihoods
activities, after easing of lockdown.
It is a colourless, highly flammable gas at ambient conditions, but can be
handled as a liquid when lightly pressurized. Salient features
Eligibility: Street vendors/ hawkers
DME is primarily produced by converting natural gas, organic waste or
vending in urban areas, as on or before
biomass to synthesis gas (syngas). March 24, 2020, including vendors of
Syngas is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. surrounding peri-urban and rural areas.
Properties similar to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). It is used as an Initial working capital of up to Rs 10,000
alternative to diesel, in chemical industry, and as an aerosol propellant. for one year.
Interest subsidy on timely/ early repayment
Benefits of DME @ 7%.
Monthly cash-back incentive on digital
Exhibit higher brake thermal efficiency. Also, has a very high cetane transactions
number. ‘SVANidhi se Samriddhi’, an additional
program of PM-SVANidhi was launched in
Produce negligible soot while significantly reducing hydrocarbon, carbon 2021 to provide social security benefits to
monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions. street vendors.
It is renewable and can help in reducing India’s oil import bill. Under this, socio-economic profiling of
PM-SVANidhi beneficiaries and their families
Can virtually eliminate particulate emissions as it lack carbon-to-carbon is conducted to assess their eligibility for
several welfare schemes including PM
bonds. Suraksha Bima Yojana, PM Jeevan Jyoti
Challenges: It has low energy density, lower calorific value, poor anti-knock Yojana etc.
performance, needs engine modification etc. Implementing partner: Quality Council of
India.
ALERT SOUNDED AS CYCLONE BIPARJOY CHANGES ITS PATH, HEADS TO GUJARAT

COAST
Cyclone Biparjoy, earlier headed towards Pakistan coastline, is now predicted to move towards northern Gujarat coast, with a
landfall expected on June 15.
Cyclones in Arabian Sea usually do not move towards Indian coast.
Most of them, more than 75%, move northwards or north-westwards with trajectory directed towards Pakistan, Iran or Oman.
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According to a recent study, there is a 52% increase in the frequency of cyclonic storms (CS) during 2001–2019 in the Arabian Sea
making India’s west coast more vulnerable.
CS are increasing in Arabian sea because of
Warming of both the sea surface temperature and deeper waters in Arabian Sea.
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Warm conditions are very much favourable for the rapid intensification of cyclones so it has potential to sustain the strength for
a longer period.
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Increasing frequency of El Nino Modoki phenomenon which makes conditions conducive for cyclone formation over Arabian Sea.
El Nino Modoki causes warm moist conditions in Central Pacific and dry cold conditions in Eastern and western pacific.
ALSO IN NEWS
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Pakistan and Turkmenistan have signed a Joint Implementation Planin a bid to expedite work
on the TAPI gas pipeline project.
About TAPI project
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It aims to export natural gas annually through pipeline from Turkmenistan (Galkynysh gas field)
Turkmenistan-Afghanista to Afghanistan, Pakistan and India (Fazilka).
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n-Pakistan-India (TAPI)
Funding is done by the Asian Development Bank (ADB).
SCORES disposed of complaints against companies and market intermediaries.
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SCORES is an online platform designed to help investors to lodge their complaints with SEBI
against listed companies and SEBI registered intermediaries.
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SCORES can’t dealt with complaints against companies including:
Unlisted/delisted, placed on Dissemination Board of Stock Exchange,
SEBI Complaints Redress
System (SCORES) A sick company or a company where a moratorium order is passed,
Company is struck off from Registrar of Companies (RoC).
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Centre rolled out renovation of Cochin Port.
Cochin, an all-weather natural Port, is a major port on the Arabian Sea – Laccadive Sea – Indian
Ocean sea-route in Kochi, Kerala.
It lies on two islands in Lake of Kochi: Willingdon Island and Vallarpadam.
International Container Transshipment Terminal, part of the Cochin Port, is the largest
container transhipment facility in India.
Cochin Port It is governed by Cochin Port Trust, a government of India establishment.
Cochin lies beyond the cyclone zone.
According to a recent study Protosterol Biota inhabited the underwater world over 1.6 billion
years ago (Proterozoic Eon).
These microscopic organisms belong to eukaryotes and are the source of the evolution of life
on Earth.
Eukaryotes are single-celled or multicellular organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and
other membrane-bound organelles.
Protosterol Biota Modern forms of eukaryotes include fungi, plants, animals and single-celled organisms
such as amoebae.

Just like mosquitoes, they belong to Diptera, the group of insects that have only two wings.
Fruit fly remains one of the most commonly used model organisms for biomedical science.
Their rapid reproduction (one generation in about ten days; about 100 eggs per female per
day) makes research fast, cost-effective and extremely versatile.
Genomes of flies and humans showed astonishing similarities and processes discovered in flies
Fruit fly (Drosophila often turned out to apply to more complex organisms.
melanogaster)
Many plants (including the cacao) rely on Diptera as pollinators.
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Indonesia's Anak Krakatau volcano erupted.
Anak Krakatau is located in Indonesia's Sunda Strait between Java and Sumatra islands.
A 2018 eruption of Anak Krakatau triggered an underwater landslide that set off a tsunami.
Anak Krakatau, which means “child of Krakatau,” is the offspring of the famous Krakatau,
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whose monumental eruption in 1883 triggered a period of global cooling.
Anak Krakatau Volcano
Krakatau lies along convergence of Indian-Australian and Eurasian tectonic plates.
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Captagon is a highly addictive amphetamine-type drug, which is produced mainly in Syria.
Captagon pills stimulate central nervous system, providing a boost of energy, enhance someone’s
focus, let someone stay awake for longer periods of time, and produce a feeling of euphoria.
It was widely consumed by Islamic State and Syrian fighters.
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It is actually a counterfeit version of a medicine with same brand name, first produced in 1960s
and was banned in 1980s.
Captagon pills
Original Captagon contained fenetylline, a synthetic drug of phenethylamine family to which
amphetamine also belongs.
Indian long jumper Murali Sreeshankar secured a third place in Paris Diamond League.
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Diamond League is an annual series of top-tier track and field competitions organised by
World Athletics, international governing body for athletics.
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It was started in 2010 as a replacement for previous IAAF Golden League and IAAF World
Athletics Final events.
Number of meets in a particular season of Diamond League is generally 14. The meets are held
in different cities across the globe.
Diamond League
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Neeraj Chopra (also the first Indian to win a Diamond League meet) and discus thrower Vikas
Gowda are other Indians to finish in the top-3 of a Diamond League meet.
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Australia beats India to win the WTC title.
WTC comprises the top nine Test teams, all of whom played six series each – three at home and
three away.
Top two teams competed in WTC Final,
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Rather than each series being worth the same number of points like in the first edition, each
ICC World Test match was worth the same number of points this time.
Championship (WTC) Teams qualified on a percentage of points won basis so as to standardise the imbalance in the
number of matches played by teams.
Colombia (Capital: Bogotá)

Four siblings found alive after surviving Amazon
plane crash and 40 days alone in jungle.
Political boundaries:
It is a north-western South American country with
a coastline on Atlantic Ocean as well as the Pacific
Ocean.
Bordered by Panama, Venezuela, Brazil, Peru and
Ecuador.
Places In news The Andean cordillera, one of the world’s great
mountain ranges, dominates the landscape of the
western part of the country.
Highest Point: Pico Cristóbal Colón
Important Rivers: Amazon, Caquetá, Negro, Orinoco, Putumayo, Magdalena.

13th JUNE, 2023
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US DECIDES TO REJOIN UNESCO
US has decided to rejoin UNESCO from July 2023 and will pay the dues of around $619 million to UNESCO.
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Background
In 2011, U.S. and Israel stopped funding UNESCO after it voted to
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include Palestine as a member state, and both countries lost their voting
rights in 2013.
In 2017, US decided to withdraw from UNESCO, citing anti-Israel bias,
extreme politicization, financial woes and management problems.
Earlier, US pulled out of UNESCO in 1984 because it viewed the agency
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as mismanaged, corrupt and used to advance Soviet interests. It
rejoined in 2003.
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Reasons for US rejoining UNESCO
Counter China’s presence as China was filling the gap left by U.S. in
UNESCO policy-making particularly in setting standards for artificial
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intelligence and technology education around the world.
Administrative reforms in UNESCO making it efficient and financially
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sound.
UNESCO’s efforts to decrease politicised debate, especially on Middle
East Issues.
Significance of US rejoining UNESCO
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Financial boost to UNESCO as U.S. contributed 22% of the agency’s
overall funding before leaving.
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US presence would promote vision of a free world.
G20 COUNTRIES INCLUDING INDIA ARE FUELLING MODERN SLAVERY, SAYS NEW
REPORT
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Walk Free Foundation released the Global Slavery Index 2023, an assessment of modern slavery conditions in 160 countries.
Index uses the data released by International Labour Organisation (ILO), Walk Free, and International Organisation for Migration (IOM).
Modern slavery refers to situations of exploitation that a person cannot refuse or leave because of threats, violence, coercion, or
deception.
It is an umbrella term that comprises various instruments of repression. (see image)
Key findings
50 million people were living in modern slavery on any given day in 2021, an increase of 10 million people since 2016.
Among the 50 million, 28 million suffer from forced labour and 22 million from forced marriages.
India tops the list with 11 million people working as forced
Trafficking for labour
labourers, followed by China, Russia. and sexual exploitation
Human
Forced labour
North Korea followed by Eritrea has highest prevalence and trafficking
Switzerland followed by Norway have lowest prevalence of modern Sexual exploitation Domestic
Domestic servitude International
slavery. Worst forms of child
Driving factors of slavery: Climate degradation, gender inequality, labour
COVID-19, and conflict.

Recommendations Slavery and
Forced labour as a result Trafficking for slavery and
slavery-like practices
Recognise and respond to modern slavery as an intersectional issue. of forced marriage
Forced marriage
slavery-like practices
Strengthen social protection and safety nets to boost resilience. Debt bondage
Child soldiers
Repealing migration policies that place national security above
human rights.
UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (UNDP) RELEASED 2023 GENDER

SOCIAL NORMS INDEX (GSNI) REPORT
Report is titled as ‘Breaking Down Gender Biases:
Dimensions and indicators of the Gender Social Norms Index
Shifting social norms towards gender equality’.
GSNI captures beliefs, biases and prejudices regarding DIMENSIONS
gender equality in capabilities and rights, which Political Educational Economic Physical Integrity
provides an account of the root causes of gender inequality.
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INDICATORS
GSNI covers four key dimensions and their indicators (refer Women having the University is more Men should have Proxy for intimate
infographic). Each indicator takes a value of 1 when an same rights as men is important for men more right to a job partner violence
essential for than for women than women
individual has a bias and 0 when the individual does not. democracy
Proxy for reproductive
Men make better rights
GSNI is calculated using data from World Values Men make better business executives
than women do
Survey which are used to create seven indicators using political leaders than
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women do
data from 80 countries and territories, covering 85% of
global population.
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GENDER SOCIAL NORMS INDEX
Key findings
GLOBAL DIGITAL PUBLIC

Close to 9 out of 10 men and women hold biases against women.
Nearly 50% of people believe that men make better political leaders than
women do, and around 40% believe that men make better business INFRASTRUCTURE (DPI) SUMMIT
INAUGURATED IN PUNE AS PART
executives than women do.
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Biased gender social norms are major impediment to achieving gender
equality and empowering all women and girls (SDG 5).
OF G20 DIGITAL ECONOMY
WORKING GROUP (DEWG) MEET
Gender biases are pronounced in both lower and higher HDI countries.
Reasons for persistence of gender social norms
Socialization into gender norms from early age and parental attitudes. Under India’s Presidency, G20 DEWG has
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Institutionalization of discriminatory social practices and gender identified DPI as a key priority area. Theme of
hierarchies. the Summit is “DPI for Ease of Living, Ease of
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Social sanctioning, where behaviour abiding with norms is socially rewarded. Doing Business, and Ease of Governance.”
Key outcome of summit
SCIENTIST SPOT A SOLAR ERUPTION THAT India signed MoU with three countries
MAINTAINS CONSTANT TEMPERATURE FOR SIX YEARS namely Armenia, Sierra Leone, and Suriname
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on sharing India Stack.
Scientists from Aryabhatta Research ADDITIONAL INFORMATION India floated the concept of ‘One Future
Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES),
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Betelgeuse Alliance’, a voluntary initiative to bring
Nainital found that core of a solar Betelgeuse, seventh brightest star in sky together all countries and stakeholders to
eruption or Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) (discounting the Sun), is spotted in synergize, shape, architect and design
constellation Orion. It is also called as
that occurred in 2017 had maintained a ‘Thiruvathirai’ or ‘Ardra’ in Indian astronomy. future of DPI that could be used by all
constant temperature. Star is in its late carbon-burning stage as it has countries.
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ARIES, Nainital, is an autonomous already consumed both hydrogen and helium.
DPI refers to a set of shared digital building
institute under Department of Science When it would consume all the elements of
blocks, such as applications, systems, and
periodic table, the gravity would compress
and Technology. the core and turn it into a neutron star or a platforms, powered by interoperable open
Highlights of finding black hole. standards or specifications.
Scientists observed that despite the core expanding, which usually leads to India Stack is the collective name of a set of
cooling, temperature remained constant. commonly used DPIs in India. It consists of
Density of the core decreased by about 3.6 times as it moved outward. three different layers:
Expansion of the core behaved more like an isothermal process (constant Unique identity (Aadhaar);
temperature) rather than an adiabatic process (where heat exchange occurs). Complimentary payments systems (UPI,
Significance of finding: Aadhaar Payments Bridge, Aadhaar Enabled
Improve the understanding of how such eruptions can impact Payment Service); and Data exchange
communication systems on Earth. (DigiLocker and Account Aggregator).
India’s first solar mission, Aditya-L1, equipped with Visible Emission Line Benefits of DPI
Coronagraph (VELC), will provide more data about CMEs thermodynamic Better delivery of health and education
properties in inner corona. services to accumulate human capital and
CME is a giant cloud of solar plasma drenched with magnetic field lines that is foster growth.
blown away from Sun often during strong, long-duration solar flares and filament Enhance access to payment and financial
eruptions services.
CME contains particle radiation (mostly protons and electrons) and Support inclusive growth; foster innovation
powerful magnetic fields. They cause disruption of space weather and satellite and competition; boost government revenue
failures, and power outages etc. collection etc.
G20 DEVELOPMENT MINISTERIAL MEETING CONCLUDED IN VARANASI UNDER INDIA’S

G20 PRESIDENCY THEME “ONE EARTH, ONE FAMILY, ONE FUTURE”
Development Ministers have unanimously adopted the two outcome documents (refer table)
High-level Principles on Lifestyles It outlined 9HLPs
(HLPs) for Sustainable • Promote inter-linkages between development, environment and climate agendas.
Development • Support international and national efforts towards meeting the basic needs of all people.
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• Promote environmentally friendly individual and community behaviour.
• Promote sustainable production.
• Mainstream sustainability of all components/aspects of economy.
• Leverage potential of data and digital technology for sustainable ecosystem.
• Recognize and amplify role of local communities, local and regional governments and
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traditional knowledge in supporting sustainable lifestyles.
• Recognize crucial role of financing in achieving development, environment and climate
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goals.
• Strengthen international cooperation, collective action and partnership.
G20 2023 Action Plan on • It will be focusing on key transformative transition areas i.e.,
Accelerating Progress on SDGs o Digital transformation.
o Gender equality and empowerment of women.
o Implementing sustainable, inclusive and just transitions globally, while leaving no one
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behind.
• Financing for accelerating progress on SDGs
o Enhanced access to adequate finance from all sources is critical.
o Encourage innovative inclusive financing mechanisms such as blended finance, green
bonds in developing countries.
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o Reaffirm the need to assist developing countries in attaining long-term debt
sustainability.
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ALSO IN NEWS
Sunflowers are native primarily to North and South America.
The leaves are used as fodder, the flowers yield a yellow dye.
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Sunflower oil cake is used for stock and poultry feeding.
Since these seeds have very high oil content, they are one of the main sources used to produce
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polyunsaturated oil.
Sunflower oil ranks as the fourth most produced oil in world.
Sunflower seeds Benefits of seeds: Excellent source of essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals.
They are anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, wound healing.
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It is joint military exercise between Indian Army and Maldives National Defence Force.
EKUVERIN
SIPRI launches its annual assessment of state of Armaments, Disarmament and International
Security.
Key findings
USA has largest number of deployed nuclear warheads followed by Russia, France and UK
while Russia has highest total inventory of nuclear warheads followed by USA and China.
India, China, Pakistan, North Korea and Israel have no deployed nuclear warheads.
India has total 164 nuclear warhead stockpiles.
Overall, number of nuclear warheads continues to decline, primarily due to USA and Russia
Stockholm International dismantling retired warheads.
Peace Research Institute With China modernizing and expanding its nuclear arsenal, India and Pakistan also appear to
(SIPRI) Yearbook 2023 be increasing the size of their nuclear weapon inventories.
Raw material for nuclear weapons is either Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU) or separated
Plutonium. India has produced mainly plutonium.
SIPRI is an independent international institute dedicated to research into conflict,
armaments, arms control and disarmament.

IIT-Madras generated hydrogen from seawater using solar energy.

In place of pure or fresh water, the team has developed an electrolyser using alkaline seawater.
They used a carbon-based support material for the electrodes instead of metals.
There are various types of hydrogen based on types of extraction.
Green Hydrogen from Green Hydrogen is produced using electrolysis of water with electricity generated by renewable
Seawater energy.
Ministry of Minority Affairs (MoMA) has dropped over 50,000 defunct proposals for
infrastructure units under PMJVK.
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About PMJVK
Ministry: MoMA
Objective: Develop community infrastructure and create basic amenities in identified
areas
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Improving socio-economic conditions of minorities and providing basic amenities to
Pradhan Mantri Jan them for improving quality of life of people.
Vikas Karyakram Funding pattern: 90:10 (Centre and State/UT Administration for North East States, Hilly
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(PMJVK) States (J&K, Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand)/ UTs with Legislation); 100% (UTs without
Legislature); and 60:40 (all other States/ UT).
KSPU campaign was launched in 2022 by Ministry of Women and Child Development (MoWCD)
in partnership with Ministry of Education and UNICEF.
It is a campaign under Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) program to reintegrate out-of-school
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adolescent girls (aged 11 to 14) into formal education and skilling system.
It builds on existing schemes and programmes such as schemes for Adolescent Girls (SAG),
Kanya Shiksha Pravesh BBBP, and National Education Policy (NEP).
Utsav (KSPU) Under KSPU, MoWCD has brought back 1 lakh drop-out girls within the fold of formal education
since July 2022.
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Central government plans to complete 3D digitisation of all museums under its administrative control by
2023 end for better conservation of artefacts.
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This process is being carried out by Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY).
3D digitisation would be done using JATAN virtual museum builder software which has been designed and
developed by Human Centres Design and Computing Group, Centre for Development of Smart Computing,
Pune.
JATAN
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JATAN is a digital collection management system for Indian museums.
It can create 3D virtual galleries and provide public access through web, mobile or touch screen kiosks.
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Kari Ishad mango from Uttara Karnataka has earned GI tag.
Kari Ishad mango is grown predominantly around Ankola. Additionally, it is grown in Karwar
and to a certain extent in Kumta of Uttara Karnataka.
Features: unique aroma, luscious taste, high amount of pulp.
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Ishad mango has two variants — Kari Ishad, which has thin skin, more pulp and is sweeter, and
Geographical Bili Ishad, which has thick skin and has less pulp and sweetness.
Indications (GI) tag GI is a sign used on products that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities or a
reputation that are due to that origin.
Cuba (Capital: Havana)
US confirmed that China has had a spy base in Cuba
since at least 2019.
Country of West Indies, the largest single island of
the archipelago.
Situated just south of Tropic of Cancer at
intersection of Atlantic Ocean (north and east),
Gulf of Mexico (west), and Caribbean Sea (south).
Neighbouring country includes Haiti (east);
Places In news Jamaica (south); Bahamas archipelago (northern
coast); and US (north across the Straits of Florida).
Major river: Cauto (longest), Guantanamo.
Highest Peak: Turquino Peak in Sierra Maestra range.
Important cities and places: Santiago, Trinidad, Guantanamo Bay.

14th JUNE, 2023
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PRODUCTION LINKED INCENTIVE (PLI) SCHEMES CONTRIBUTE TO INCREASE IN
PRODUCTION, EMPLOYMENT GENERATION, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
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PLI related data from Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal
Trade (DPIIT) highlighted: Create
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Encourage economies of
A significant increase in FDI inflows from FY 2021-22 to FY 2022-23 in innovative scale through
various sectors including: Manufacturing (+76%), Drugs and technologies efficient
Pharmaceuticals (+46%), Food Processing Industries (+26%) and processes
Medical Appliances (+91%).
60% import substitution achieved in Telecom sector.
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Develop core Boost global
Actual investment of Rs. 62,500 Crore has been realized till March 2023 competencies Objectives
presence
which has resulted in incremental production/ sales over Rs. 6.75 Lakh of Indian of PLI scheme
through exports
Crore and employment generation of around 3,25,000. industries
Exports boosted by Rs 2.56 Lakh Crore till FY 2022-23.
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Union Budget 2021-22 announced an outlay of INR 1.97 lakh crores for PLI schemes for 14 key sectors including electronic
manufacturing, automobile, battery, pharma, food, textiles, telecom etc.
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Scheme extends incentive on net incremental sale (over base year) of manufactured goods covered under target segments.
Challenges
Low disbursal of incentives to manufacturers.
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6 of the 14 sectors including textiles, solar PV modules, advanced chemistry cell (ACC) batteries are lagging.
No common set of parameters to understand the value added by beneficiary companies.
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Lack of a centralized database to monitor progress.
30TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE VIENNA DECLARATION AND PROGRAMME OF ACTION

World Conference on Human Rights, held in June 1993, by consensus adopted Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action (VDPA).
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Building on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) of 1948, delegates at Vienna affirmed the universality,
indivisibility and interdependency of human rights.
Vienna Declaration stated
Universal nature of all human rights and fundamental freedoms is beyond question.
Right of self-determination to freely determine their political status, and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural
development.
INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW
A role for international action to promote and protect human rights.
Vienna consensus gave birth to historical advances on Foundation laid by UDHR (1948).
Rights of women, children, indigenous peoples, minorities and other groups. Two treaties i.e International Covenant on Civil
and Political Rights (ICCPR) and International
Fight against impunity, including establishment of International Criminal Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural
Court (ICC). Rights (ICESCR) adopted in 1966.
However, new challenges are holding back fulfilment of UDHR and VDPA, among Together with UDHR, ICCPR and ICESCR
these, digitalization and climate change, inequalities, gender discrimination, comprise the International Bill of Human
and a rise in hate speech, disinformation and polarization. Rights.
Throughout 2023, UN Human Rights is celebrating Human Rights 75 initiative to India has ratified both ICCPR and ICESCR.
call on States and all others to take clear steps to fulfil the promises of the Universal Unlike the covenants, the UDHR is not a treaty
Declaration. and has not been signed or ratified by states.
UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING MARKS ITS 75TH ANNIVERSARY

Theme of year-long global campaign is Peace Begins with Me.
Peacekeeping began in 1948 when UNSC authorized the deployment of UN military observers to the Middle East. There are currently
12 UN peacekeeping operations.
UNSC determines (deriving power from UN charter) when and where a UN
peace operation should be deployed. Earlier, External Affairs Minister proposed a
four-point framework with a focus on
It helps countries torn by conflict achieve lasting peace, supports political
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technological availability and improvement
processes, protects civilians, assists in the disarmament, demobilization and and Consistent training and capacity
guarantee ceasefires. building for securing UN peacekeepers to
It is guided by three basic principles: Consent of the parties, Impartiality and meet contemporary threats.
Non-use of force except in self-defence and defence of the mandate.
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In 1988, UN peacekeepers were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
CENTRE ANNOUNCES THREE
SCHEMES WORTH OVER RS
India and Peacekeeping
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Deployed Over 200,000 troops over the years in around 49 UN Peacekeeping
Missions. 8000 CR FOR DISASTER
First country to deploy an all-women contingent to UN peacekeeping
mission in Liberia.
MANAGEMENT IN COUNTRY
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India in collaboration with UN launched UNITE Aware Platform, a situational Central government will provide funds to the
awareness software programme that will utilise modern surveillance States for:
technology for real time threat assessments to peacekeepers. Expanding and modernize fire services.
India provided COVID-19 vaccines for UN Peacekeeping personnel worldwide. Reducing risk of urban flooding in the
INSTITUTIONS MUST PREPARE THEMSELVES FOR

seven most populous metros including
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Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Bengaluru,
AUDITING AI- BASED GOVERNANCE SYSTEMS: Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, and Pune.
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COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR GENERAL (CAG) National Landslide Risk Mitigation Project
for 17 States and UTs.
In a recent report, CAG highlighted that
Supreme Audit Institutions have a crucial
RELATED NEWS India’s approach towards disaster
management has shifted from relief-centric
role in audit of Responsible AI to ensure Hiroshima AI Process (HAP)
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and reactionary to Disaster Risk Reduction
good governance, transparency and At the recent G7 summit, hosted with focus on early warning system,
accountability. by Japan, leaders initiated HAP to prevention, mitigation and preparedness at
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AI can be used for removing repetitive regulate Artificial Intelligence (AI). grassroots level.
tasks in audit, enabling analysis of HAP will be established through
Recent initiatives taken
large volumes of data and risk a G7 working group, in
assessment, fraud detection and cooperation with OECD and IMD gives 5 days advance forecast of
continuous auditing. Global Partnership on AI (GPAI). rainfall and flood (earlier used to give three
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Report also presented a case for use of AI With the help of HAP, G7 countries days advance forecast).
in public sector to: could move towards a divergent 271 wetlands identified in Northeast by
Enables faster, more efficient, and regulation based on shared norms, ISRO for flood management.
more effective delivery of services. principles and guiding values.
Coalition for Disaster Resilient
Increase transparency and accountability. Infrastructure (CDRI) launched.
Better citizen engagement and informed policy decisions. Model Fire Bill and State level action plan
Report highlights need for a Responsible AI which stands on four pillars: for Thunderstorm and Lightning, cold
Organisational democratisation that empowers and encourages individuals wave and fog by Centre.
to raise concerns. Strict protocols for states, where nuclear
Systems that enable AI to flourish. power plants are coming up, for rescue in
Systems and platforms that are trustworthy and explainable by design. emergency.
Articulation of responsible AI Mission that is anchored in organisational Building dedicated institutions like
values and ethical guardrails. National Fire Service College (NFSC) and
Report presented some of the global standards for AI that can be used for National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)
auditing: Academy.
UNESCO Global Agreement: to guide governments and companies towards AI Aapda Mitra scheme, a Centrally
technologies that confirm with commonly agreed principles. Sponsored Scheme, focusing on training
community volunteers in disaster response
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC 42: an international standards committee responsible for
in 30 most flood-prone districts.
developing AI standards.
US SENATE COMMITTEE APPROVED LEGISLATION TO REMOVE CHINA'S "DEVELOPING

COUNTRY" STATUS
Legislation establishes a US policy against granting China developing country status in future treaties and international
organisations.
Earlier, a similar legislation was passed by House of Representatives.
It has been asserted that China can no longer be considered a developing country, given its significant economy, military power,
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and extensive investments worldwide.
World Trade Organization (WTO) has not defined ‘developed’ and ‘developing’ countries and therefore member countries are free
to announce whether they are ‘developed’ or ‘developing’.
UN also has no formal definition of developing countries, but still uses the term for monitoring purposes.
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Advantages of Developing country status:
Receive preferential treatment in terms of market access, loans, reduction in government support and technical assistance
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from international organisations.
Longer transition period before they are required to fully implement WTO agreement.
Benefit from unilateral preference schemes of some of developed country members such as USA’s Generalized System of
Preferences (GSP).
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Favourable treatment concerning issues such as climate change responsibilities.
ALSO IN NEWS
A recent analysis showed that:
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Number of ordinance issued has dropped since 2019.
In 2022, for the first time in 59 years, no ordinances were promulgated.
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10th Lok Sabha (1991 to 1996) holds record for promulgating most number of ordinances i.e
109.
Article 123 empowers President to promulgate ordinances during the recess of Parliament.
Ordinance
These ordinances have the same force and effect as an act of Parliament, but are in the nature of
temporary laws.
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Geological Survey of India Training Institute (GSITI) gets accreditation certificate from CBC.
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Established in 2021, CBC has been mandated to drive standardisation and harmonisation
across Indian civil services landscape.
Commission’s role is central to the overall institutional framework of Mission Karmayogi-
Capacity Building National Programme for Civil Services Capacity Building.
Commission(CBC) Established as an independent body with complete executive and financial autonomy, CBC
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comprises of three Members and is supported by an internal Secretariat.
Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) has notified the final CII for FY24 at 348.
CII number is used to adjust the purchase price of assets on the basis of inflation.
CII number helps to calculate long-term capital gains on assets after taking inflation into
account.
Cost Inflation Index(CII) From the current financial year, CII number cannot be used for debt mutual fund schemes
and international equity mutual fund schemes, among others.
Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI) will prepare a common panel of Insolvency
Professionals (IPs) for appointment as:
IRP (interim resolution professional),
Liquidator,
RP (resolution professionals) and
BT (bankruptcy trustee).
Common panel of Board will also share the list in advance with the adjudicating authority (AA) to choose from to
Insolvency Professionals oversee various cases of resolution or liquidation.
(IPs) At present, IBBI is required to recommend the IP's name only after receiving reference from
AA.
Advantages: Avoid administrative delays in the appointment of IPs, will expedite insolvency
resolution etc.

European Union (EU) gave the final go-ahead to EUDR that aims to minimise risk of deforestation
and forest degradation associated with products that are placed on or exported from EU market.
Mandatory due diligence rules are set for palm oil, cattle, wood, coffee, cocoa, rubber and soy.
Rules also apply to a number of derived products such as chocolate, furniture, printed paper etc.
European Union
It assigns a level of risk related to deforestation and forest degradation to countries within and
Deforestation Regulation outside the EU.
(EUDR)
Two warships Anjadip (named after an island on western coast) and Sanshodhak were launched.
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Anjadip is the 3rd Anti-Submarine Shallow Water Craft (ASWSWC), and Sanshodhak is the 4th
Survey Vessel Large (SVL).
ASWSWCs require less draft and can operate close to the coast, searching for underwater threats
and neutralising enemy assets.
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SVL ships will replace the existing Sandhayak Class survey ships with new generation
Two warships hydrographic equipment to collect oceanographic data.
launched
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Both are being built by Kolkata-based Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers Ltd (GRSE).
Thousands evacuated as Mayon Volcano oozes lava.

It is the most active volcano in the Philippines and one of the most active in the world, having
erupted over 51 times in the past four centuries.
It is also called one of the world’s most perfect volcanic cone because of the symmetry of its
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shape.
Mayon Volcano It is situated in main island of Luzon and is at the centre of Mayon Volcano National Park.
Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) approved first indigenously developed
animal-derived tissue engineering scaffold for healing skin wounds.
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Tissue engineering is a biomedical engineering discipline to create tissues or cellular products
outside the body or to repair tissues within the body.
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It combines the principles of materials and cell transplantation to develop substitute tissues
and/or promote endogenous regeneration.
Tissue Engineering
Artificial skin and cartilage are examples of engineered tissues.
With the onset of monsoon in India, threat of Leptospirosis disease has increased.
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It is a potentially fatal zoonotic bacterial disease, caused by a bacterium Leptospira
interrogans, or leptospira.
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It is a contagious disease in animals (carrier includes rodents, cattle, pigs, and dogs) but is
occasionally transmitted to humans in certain environmental conditions.
Leptospirosis It is prevalent in warm, humid countries and in both urban and rural areas.
Its symptoms mimic those of dengue, malaria, and hepatitis.
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A single-dose vaccine for chikungunya was found safe and produced a strong immune
response.
VLA1553 vaccine is developed by French biotech company Valneva.
Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne disease caused by chikungunya virus (CHIKV), which is
endemic in some regions of Africa, Asia, and the Americas.
Chikungunya virus is transmitted by mosquitoes, most commonly Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti
Chikungunya and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus, which can also transmit dengue and Zika viruses.
These mosquitoes bite primarily during daylight hours.
There is currently no approved vaccine or specific treatment for chikungunya virus infections.

15th JUNE, 2023
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THE GLOBAL TRENDS: FORCED DISPLACEMENT IN 2022 REPORT BY THE UNITED
NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL (UNHRC)
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Report provides data on Refugees Asylum seekers,
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Internally displaced, Stateless persons, and People who have
returned to their countries or areas of origin
Key highlights of the report
Around 108.4 Mn people were forcibly displaced
worldwide as a result of fear of persecution, conflict,
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violence, human rights violations
The number of people who migrated forcefully due to
social and climate crises in 2022 was 21% higher than in
2021 — the most significant increase ever.
30% of forcefully displaced were children.
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76 % of the world’s refugees are hosted by Low- and
middle-income countries.
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Around 4.4 Mn people are stateless or of undetermined nationality, which is 2% more than that of 2021.
6 million displaced people returned to their areas or countries of origin in 2022.
Recommendations
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Durable solutions like voluntary repatriation and resettlement in a third country can be done in a phased manner.
By enhancing refugees' self-reliance by building their capacities and ease pressure on host countries.
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Through Local integration the refugees can build new lives in host countries.
Ensuring Safety and security of internally displaced people and provide them better access to livelihood.
CYCLONE MITIGATION AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT
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With cyclone 'BIPARJOY' expected to land in Gujarat's Saurashtra and Kutch regions, Indian
Navy is preparing to undertake Humanitarian and Disaster Relief (HADR) operations. National Cyclone Risk
Mitigation Project
KEY INITIATIVES
The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) has developed comprehensive

guidelines for the management of cyclones with the aim of mitigating their impact. Integrated Coastal Zone
These guidelines serve as a valuable resource for ministries, departments of the Management Project
Government of India, and state governments to develop their disaster management plans Creation of National
specifically for cyclones. Disaster Response Reserve
Preparedness measures
Apada mitra scheme
Hazard Mapping: Using hazard mapping, one can predict the vulnerable areas affected by
the storms
Engineered Structures: The public infrastructure of the country should be designed keeping in mind the hazard mapping of the
cyclone.
Vegetation Cover Improvement: To increase the water infiltration capacity, improving vegetation cover is of high importance
specially mangrove plantation.
Saline Embankment: Along the coast, saline embankments help protect habitation, agricultural crops, and other important installations.
Early warning system: Provide cyclone forecasting, tracking and warning systems
Awareness of the public: The governments at all levels should initiate programs bringing awareness about the natural calamities
and making provisions for higher local participation in the mitigation process.
MOST INTERNET SHUTDOWNS IN LAST 3 YEARS TO CURB PROTESTS: REPORT

The report was released by the Internet Freedom Foundation (IFF) and Human Rights Watch (HRW).
Internet shutdowns include actions that restrict access to the internet completely, or slow down speed, or restrict certain
content.
Key Highlights of the Report: Legal Provisions for Internet Suspension
18 state have shut down the internet at least once from 2020 to 2022.
Currently, suspension of telecom services
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The most number of shutdowns were observed in Rajasthan. (including internet shutdowns) is governed by
The report does not include internet shutdowns in the Union Territory of Temporary Suspension of Telecom Services
Jammu and Kashmir. (Public Emergency & Public Safety) Rules,
2017, notified under Indian Telegraph Act, 1885.
Local authorities used internet shutdowns in response to protests(53 cases),
2017 Rules provide for temporary shutdown
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to prevent cheating in school examinations(37 cases), in response to communal
violence(18 cases). of telecom services in a region on grounds
of public emergency (up to 15 days at once).
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Impact of Internet Shutdowns
The law empowers senior bureaucrats from
Economic Impact: Given the increasing reliance of businesses and trade on the home ministry and Centre and state
digital technologies, have serious repercussions for all economic sectors. levels to order shutdowns.
Impact on fundamental rights such as right to speech, conduct business,
TAMIL NADU WITHDRAWS

express dissent, and movement of the people in a state
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Impact fundamental services such as education, health care and other public
services. GENERAL CONSENT ACCORDED
Risk to privacy: It exposes users to privacy and security risks.
TO CBI TO PROBE CASES IN
SKILL IMPACT BOND (SIB)INITIATIVE SKILLED STATE
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NEARLY 18,000 FIRST-TIME JOB SEEKERS The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) is
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governed by The Delhi Special Police
The National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) in 2021 had launched the Establishment (DSPE) Act of 1946, which
$14.4-million SIB for skilling in India in collaboration with global partners. requires the investigative agency to obtain the
NSDC is under the aegis of the Ministry of Skill Development and consent of state governments before it can
Entrepreneurship (MSDE). investigate a crime in a particular state.
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Skill Impact Bond is India’s first development impact bond for skilling and The consent of the state government to CBI can
employment, with the goal of benefitting 50,000 young Indians over four years, be either general or case-specific.
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60% of whom would be women. General consent is normally given by
It is one of the public-private partnership (PPP) models in India in the states to help CBI to conduct a seamless
skilling and employment sector. investigation of corruption cases against
It shifts the focus from inputs to performance and results. (See image) central government employees in their states.
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Significance General consent is consent by default.
Address the negative impact of the pandemic on women and employment. Recently multiple States have
withdrawn General Consent like West
Remove barriers to women’s retention in the workforce.
Bengal, Mizoram, Punjab etc.
Emphasis is on providing employment to trainees, rather than just a training
certificate. In case Specific consent, CBI would have to
apply to the state government in every case.
Leverage private sector capital and expertise, with a focus on achieving
results. If specific consent is not granted, the CBI
officials will not have the power of police
The collaboration also aims at strengthening the capacity of India’s personnel when they enter that state.
technical and vocational education ecosystem through knowledge
exchange, evidence and data generation and mainstreaming good Exception to general consent
practices. The Supreme Court and High Courts can
order CBI to investigate a crime anywhere in
the country without consent of the state.
Consent does not apply in cases where
someone has been caught red-handed
taking a bribe.
Rask investors commit Service Providers deliver

Withdrawal is not applicable to cases in
Employment outcomes Outcome fonders repay risk
USD 4 million, used to skilling interventions to are independently investors initial investment for which the investigation is already in
fund service provider improve employment verified by third-party each positive outcome achieved - progress.
interventions upfront outcomes evaluator upto USD 14 million over 4 years
THE UNIFORM CIVIL CODE (UCC): 22ND LAW COMMISSION SEEKS PUBLIC, RELIGIOUS
BODIES’ VIEWS
The 22nd Law Commission will conduct a comprehensive revaluation of the UCC in light of its importance and the multitude of court
rulings, ensuring a thorough examination of the subject.
Previously, in 2016, the Ministry of Law and Justice, made a reference to the Law Commission to examine all matters relating to
the implementation of a UCC.
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To this reference, the Law Commission had furnished a consultation paper on “Reform of Family Law” in 2018. The paper stated:
The UCC was “neither necessary nor desirable at this stage”
It recommended that existing family laws be amended and codified to tackle discrimination and inequality in personal laws.
The UCC calls for formulation of one law to be made applicable to all religious communities in matters such as marriage, divorce,
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inheritance, and adoption.
It is intended to replace the system of fragmented personal laws, which currently governs interpersonal relationships and related
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matters within different religious communities.
DPSP under Article 44 provides that State shall endeavour to secure for all citizens a UCC throughout the territory of India.
ALSO IN NEWS
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The Union government is to design a survey that can gauge the Human Development Index (HDI)
specifically for about 28 lakh people of the PVTGs.
The aim is to understand how government schemes have benefited the PVTGs to uplift their
lifestyles and livelihood.
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The research work will also look into the areas where improvement is required.
HDI for Particularly
Vulnerable Tribal Groups PVTGs constitute the most vulnerable section among tribals and inhabit isolated, remote and
difficult areas in small and scattered hamlets/ habitat.
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(PVTGs)
IEA said that it would review all its membership conditions for India’s inclusion.
India, is an associate member since 2017.
Criteria for Membership
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A candidate must be a member of the OECD.
Member countries are required to ensure oil stock levels equivalent to no less than 90 days
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International Energy of net imports.
Agency (IEA) A demand restraint programme to reduce national oil consumption by up to 10%.
The IEA was founded in 1974 to ensure the security of oil supplies.
It is made up of 31 member countries, 11 association countries, and 4 accession countries.
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About GIB
It is an agro-grassland bird endemic to the Indian Subcontinent.
It is an omnivorous bird.
The species has a current viable population of 100- 125 individuals in India, and mainly survives in
the Thar Desert of Rajasthan(about 100 individuals).
Great Indian Bustard IUCN status: Critically Endangered
Threat: habitat loss and alteration as a result of widespread agricultural expansion, collisions with
high tension electric wires, fast moving vehicles and free-ranging dogs in villages.
The agriculture ministry has come out with draft guidelines specifying data and trail report
required for registration of Bio-stimulants.
It is mandatory for a person to manufacture or import any bio-stimulants under schedule VI of
Fertiliser Control Amendment Order 2021.
About Bio-stimulants
These means compounds, substances and products including microorganisms whose functions
Bio-stimulants when applied to plants/seeds/ rhizosphere is to regulate and enhance a crops physiological
processes.
These product reduce the need for fertilizers and increase plant growth, resistance to
water and abiotic stresses.

The Border forces of India and Bangladesh have agreed to construct a bailey bridge over the River
Sonai.
The river originates in Assam and is considered as a part of the Barak River system.
It is the only left bank tributary of the Barak river and joins it at Dugripar Village.
It runs for around 145 kms before merging with Barak and has a catchment area of around 2875
River Sonai Sq km.
The Barak Bhuban wildlife sanctuary is located between the Barak and the Sonai rivers.
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Astronomers have recently captured four images of the same background supernova being
gravitationally lensed.
About Gravitational lensing
It is an effect on light from a background source that arises as a result of the curvature of
spacetime, the three dimensions of space and time united into a single entity, caused by mass.
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An important consequence of this lensing distortion is magnification, allowing us to
Gravitational Lensing observe objects that would otherwise be too far away and too faint to be seen.
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It was first predicted in 1915 by Albert Einstein.
NASA’s Cassini spacecraft has found phosphorus in water geysers of Enceladus

Phosphorous is considered as the building block of DNA, which also forms Chromosomes and
carries genetic information.
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Enceladus is the second nearest of major regular moons and the brightest of all moons of Saturn.
It is an icy moon, which harbours enormous ocean of liquid water beneath its crust.
Enceladus Earlier analysis of Enceladus’ ice grains has revealed that it has concentrations of sodium,
potassium, chlorine, and carbonate-containing compounds.
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The first ever Janjatiya Khel Mahotsav got concluded in Kalinga Institute of social science,
Bhubaneshwar.
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The sports meet had garnered the participation of around 5000 tribal athletes from 26 states.
Janjatiya Khel JKM is expected to serve as a platform to highlight the rich and indigenous sporting traditions
of India’s tribal communities.
Mahotsav (JKM)
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Belarus(Capital-Minsk )
Russia plan to deploy Russian Nuclear
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Weapons in Belarus.
Political boundary: It is a landlocked
country in eastern Europe.
It is bordered by Lithuania and Latvia
to the northwest, by Russia to the north
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Places In news and east, by Ukraine to the south, and
by Poland to the west.
Major river: Dnieper,Byarezina,
Pripet,Mukhavyets .
Highest point: Dzyarzhynskaya Hill
Lakes: Narach, Osveyskoye, and Drysvyaty.
Errata: In News Today Dated 13th June, 2023, under subheading ‘Geographical Indications (GI) tag’ of ‘Also in News’ ‘Kumta of Uttara
Karnataka’ is mentioned. Correct information is ‘Kumta of Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka’.

16th JUNE, 2023
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SCIENTISTS DEVELOP SYNTHETIC EMBRYOS USING STEM CELLS
In a major breakthrough in the world of In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) and human
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reproduction, a team of scientists in the US and the UK has developed the TYPES OF STEM CELLS
world's first ever synthetic human embryo-like structures using stem cells.
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Embryonic Stem cells: These cells formed during
These embryos resemble natural embryos in the earliest stages of human the blastocyst phase of embryo, they are
development. pluripotent but do not contribute to the development
of extraembryonic cells like the placenta.
While they lack a beating heart or the beginnings of a brain, they contain
cells that would give rise to the placenta, yolk sac and the embryo.
Adult stem cells : These cells found in specific
Importance:
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tissues that function to repair and form cells of only
Will help understanding the impact of genetic disorders and the biological those tissues.
reasons behind recurrent miscarriages.
Reportedly dodges the need for eggs or sperms for the creation of human Induced pluripotent stem cells: These are formed
embryos. by the fusion of adult cells with embryonic stem
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cells to aid therapeutic medicine.
About stem cells:
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A cell with the unique ability to develop into specialised cell types in the body.
Provide new cells for the body as it grows, and replace specialised cells that are damaged or lost.
Two unique properties:
Can divide over and over again to produce new cells.
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As they divide, they can change into the other types of cell that make up the body.
UNION MINISTER OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY HIGHLIGHTS PROGRESS MADE IN
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INDIA AFRICA TRADE
It was remarked at the 18th CII-EXIM Bank Conclave on 'India-Africa Growth
Partnership”.
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27 Least Developed Countries
INDIA’S DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES IN AFRICA
The bilateral trade of India with Africa grew by 9.26% in FY 2022-23 reaching (LDCs) of Africa benefit from the
almost $100 Billion. Duty-Free Tariff Preference on
non-reciprocal basis.
India’s goal is to double the trade volume to US$ 200 Billion by 2030.
The exports and imports are approximately balanced with exports being US$
Extends concessional lines of
51.2 Billion and imports being US$ 46.65 Billion in FY 2022-23. credit (LoC) to fund the
About India Africa partnership: construction of railway lines,
electrification projects, farm
Long history of partnership, with solidarity and political affinity going back mechanisation etc.
to the early 1920s when both regions were fighting against colonial rule and
oppression.
Many African countries
However, India’s economic engagement with Africa began intensifying in participating in the
the early 2000s. International Solar Alliance
Importance of Africa: (ISA).
With abundant mineral reserves, oil and natural gas reserves, Africa can help
India’s quest for energy security. e-Vidya Bharati and the
Critical to India’s security, especially the Horn of Africa region. e-Aarogya Bharati initiatives,
Vaccine Maitri’ initiative etc.
Support of African countries is important for India’s aim of gaining a
permanent seat in UNSC.
G20 POLICY PAPER MOOTS GLOBAL FUND FOR EV BATTERY MINERAL RECYCLING CAPACITY
Key highlights of the policy paper - Building a resilient EV battery value chain:
MEASURES TO STRENGTHEN
It points out that battery recycling is at a nascent stage with gaps Standardise data generation on
concerning technology in reducing recycling cost and improving material EoL (end of life) batteries.
BATTERY RECYCLING
recovery capacity.
It has also called for setting up of a central fund to provide incentives for Effective regulations for efficient
recycling facilities globally. battery-tracking mechanisms.
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It favours a comprehensive approach for recycling end of life EV batteries to
meet rising demand for minerals such as Lithium, Cobalt, Nickel and Graphite. A clear definition of who is
EVs are often correlated with their sustainability and environment-friendly responsible for the battery when it
reaches the end of life.
nature.
However, critics often point out that the emission benefits are often Prescribe design standards to allow
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for the safe recycling of EVs and their
overstated as battery management challenges are ignored. components with minimal disposal.
The cumulative potential of lithium-ion batteries in India from 2022–30 across
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all segments is estimated to be around 600 GWh (base case).
TAMIL NADU GOVERNOR
REJECTS GOVERNMENT’S
Battery waste management Act 2022 confers the Producers (including
importers) the obligation of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) for the
REQUEST TO SHIFT
battery that they introduce in the market to ensure its collection and recycling.
Challenges in Recycling: High Capital Cost, Non-Eco Friendly in nature, Requires
PORTFOLIOS OF MINISTERS
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high temperature and sophisticated machinery, lack of digital identifiers for
batteries.
Article 164(1) states that the CM shall be
GOVT, RBI LOOKING TO INTEGRATE GSTN WITH appointed by the Governor and the other
TRADE RECEIVABLES DISCOUNTING SYSTEM (TREDS)

Ministers shall be appointed by the Governor
on the advice of the CM.
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VIA ACCOUNT AGGREGATOR However the state complains that the
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In order to enable direct sanctions of MSME invoice claims and improve the action of the Governor amounts to
tax compliance, the Government and RBI are looking to integrate GSTN with interference in it's administration and is also
TReDS via Account Aggregators. against the concept of Federalism.
The move will also lead to faster loan sanctions as the GST platform will provide The governor is the chief executive head of the
more assurance to financiers with respect to the genuineness of invoices. state who acts as an agent of the central
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government. He possess various powers like
TReDS is an electronic platform for facilitating the financing / discounting of
trade receivables of MSMEs through multiple financiers. Executive: appointing Chief Minister of the
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Account Aggregator Network (AAN) is an RBI regulated entity (with an state along with the council of ministers.
NBFC-AA license) to help an individual to digitally access and share Judicial: pardon, remit or commute the
information from one financial institution to another within the AAN. sentence under state laws.
It allows sharing of transaction data or bank statements between different Legislative: issue ordinances in times of
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financial institutions based on the consent of the user. emergency.
AAN provides assistance to ease two key services namely access to loans and
Various other cases of misuse of Governor’s
access to money management.
office
Currently, 23 banks from both public and private are under the AAN.
Governor’s Political affiliations lead to
AA framework was created in 2021 through an inter-regulatory decision by his/her alleged partisan functioning.
RBI and other regulators including SEBI, IRDA, and PFRDA through and initiative
of the Financial Stability and Development Council (FSDC). Lack of coordination between the elected
government and appointed Governor.
Account Aggregator empowers the individual with control over their
personal financial data, which otherwise remains in silos Mistrust due to frequent recommendation
of bills to the President under Article 200.
Delaying the assent to the resolutions
Financial Information Financial Information passed by the state assemblies,
Providers 1. Consent to Users
share data
Cash Flow-Based Rejecting the recommendation of names
Banks/NBFCs
Lending (Bank/NBFC) to various posts by the states.
Mutual Fund Personal Finance Various committees like Rajamannar
House Management
2. Request Commission, Punchi Commission, Sarkaria
Insurance Data through Wealth
Provider Open APIs Management Commission, Venkatachaliah Commission
Invoice/Tax Robo Advisors have recommended steps for better
3. Data Flows to FIUs End-to-End
Platform
Encrypted: Digitally signed & tomper
relationship between the Governor and the
proof: real time States.
SUBSIDIES DON’T HELP FIGHT CLIMATE CHANGE, WORLD BANK REPORT FINDS
Key Highlights of the report:
Report highlights the negative consequences of inefficiently subsidising agriculture, fishing, and fossil fuel sectors, both
implicitly and explicitly, by spending trillions of dollars, exacerbating climate change.
These subsidies exceed about 8% of global gross domestic product.
The distribution of subsidies across sectors and countries is highly skewed and uneven.
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Effects of subsidies:
Agriculture subsidies are responsible for the loss of 2.2 million hectares of forest per year - or 14% of global deforestation.
Fossil fuel usage, incentivized by subsidies, is a key driver of the 7 million premature deaths each year due to air pollution.
Fisheries subsidies, which exceed $35 billion each year, are a key driver of dwindling fish stocks, oversized fishing fleets, and
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falling profitability.
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Guiding principles for successful subsidy reforms
Build public acceptance and overcome credibility gaps;
Implement complementary measures to improve effectiveness and lower the costs of reform;
Mitigate short-term price shocks through social protection and compensation;
Smooth the transition with carefully phased, step-wise reductions in harmful subsidies;
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Redistribute revenue through long-term reinvestments with equitable or progressive benefits.
ALSO IN NEWS
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It is Electronic signage systems which have been installed across the court complexes of High
Courts.
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The initiative will inform stakeholders about court-related key parameters and bring awareness
among public by providing bird eye view of court-related data.
Justice Clocks
In its recent judgement in’ Coal India Ltd Vs Competition Commission of India (CCI)’ SC has observed
that
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State Monopolies, Government Companies and Public Sector Units cannot be allowed to indulge
in anti-competitive practices and they all fall under the purview of Competition act and CCI.
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The Competition Act 2022, was recently amended in 2023, in which various Provisions for Penalty and
Competition Act Settlement Mechanisms were amended along with expansion in the Scope of CCI and decriminalisation
of certain offences.
India’s Sea food Exports recently reached all time high in FY 2022-23
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The sector grew 26.73% in terms of quantity and 4.31% in terms of value over FY 21-22
India has shipped around 17 Lakh MT of seafood during the period, which values around $ 8 Bn.
USA is the largest importer of Indian seafood followed by China, EU, South East Asia
Seafood exports Frozen shrimp remained the major export item from India and accounted for around 41% of
the overall exports in terms of quantity.
The NaBFID has raised around 10,000 Cr through its maiden issue of bonds.
National Bank for Financing HQ
Infrastructure and Development Mumbai
Genesis: It was set up in 2021, by The National Bank for Financing Infrastructure
and Development Act, 2021
National Bank for Objective: To provide specialized focus on addressing the long-term financing
Financing Infrastructure needs of the infrastructure sector in India.
and Development Structure: It is to be run by a board of directors, Whose Chairman is selected by the
(NaBFID) Bank Board Bureau.
Functions: To act as a provider, enabler, and catalyst for financing as well as refinancing
long term infrastructure projects.

Recently, in order to keep the prices of foodgrains in check, the centre has suspended the sale of
Rice and Wheat through OMSS.
Food Corporation of India sells surplus stocks of wheat and rice under OMSS at
pre-determined prices through e-auction in the open market from time to time.
It aims to enhance the supply of food grains, especially wheat during the lean season and
Open market Sale thereby moderate the open market prices specially in the deficit regions.
Scheme (OMSS) Both Private players and State Governments can participate in the auctions.
Ministry: Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution.
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Central Board Of Indirect Taxes & Customs (CBIC) under Ministry of Finance released the National
Time Release Study (NTRS) 2023 report which presents port-category wise average release time.
Time Release Study (TRS) as a performance measurement tool aims to present quantitative
measure of the cargo release time.
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Advantages of NTRS:
National Time
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Assess the progress made towards the National Trade Facilitation Action Plan targets;
Release Study (NTRS)
2023 report Identify the challenges to more expeditious reduction in release time etc.
Dark Patterns is unethical online advertising techniques adopted by companies to convince

consumers into purchasing products or services.
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Various other terminologies related to it:
Drip Pricing: Practice in which elements of the costs are not revealed up front, and total price is
only revealed at the end of buying process or after confirmation of purchase.
ASCI Guidelines to
counter misleading Bait and Switch: Advertising goods at an incredibly low price with the aim of substituting
them with inferior alternatives at time of purchase.
‘dark patterns’ in online
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advertising False Urgency: Stating that quantities of a particular product/service are more limited than
they actually are.
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Recently, the push for Ayushman Bharat Health Account identity (ABHA ID) have sparked
security concerns after alleged hacking of government’s covid 19 vaccination portal data.
ABHA ID is a 14 digit number that will uniquely identify a participant in India’s digital
healthcare ecosystem.
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It link all healthcare benefits ranging from public health programmes to insurance schemes.
Ayushman Bharat Health
Account identity (ABHA It reduces treatment time by avoiding multiple registration at different locations
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ID) It is issued under the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM)
Pokkali Rice is an organic variety of Paddy grown in the state of Kerala.

It is highly salt tolerant and grown in low lying areas of the state.
Pokkali cultivation needs no use of fertilizer or pesticide.
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It follows a unique rotational crop pattern where residue of paddy acts as a feed for shrimp
culture and shrimp waste enriches the soil for future cultivation.
Pokkali Rice It was also accorded the Geographical indication (GI tag) in 2008.
Recently, Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) under Ministry of Defence has cleared acquisition of
31 US MQ 9 reaper drones from the USA which will boost Indian armed forces' surveillance
capabilities.
MQ 9 Reaper Drone is the primary offensive strike unmanned aerial vehicle for the U.S. Air Force.
These drones have an endurance of more than 27 hours and can operate at up to 50,000 feet.
MQ 9 Reaper Drone
DAC is the highest body headed by Minster of Defence to take the decisions on acquisitions.
The Government recently announced VAIBHAV fellowships programme.

About VAIBHAV fellowships programme:
Implementing agency: Department of Science and Technology (DST), Ministry of Science and
Technology.
Objective: To connect the Indian STEMM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics and
Vaishvik Bhartiya Medicine) diaspora with Indian academic and R&D institutions for collaborative research
Vaigyanik (VAIBHAV) work.
fellowships programme Eligibility: Would be awarded to outstanding scientist/technologists of Indian origin
(NRI/OCI/PIO) who are engaged in research activities in their respective countries.

17th JUNE, 2023
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SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET IMAGING TELESCOPE (SUIT) DELIVERED TO INDIAN SPACE
RESEARCH ORGANISATION (ISRO) FOR ADITYA L1 MISSION
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SUIT, developed by Pune’s Inter-University
Type Sl. No. Payload Capability
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Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics
(IUCAA), is set to be integrated with Remote Sensing 1 Visible Emission Line Corona/Imaging &
ADITYA-L1 mission along with its 6 Payloads Coronagraph (VELC) Spectroscopy
other payloads (refer image).
2 Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Photosphere and
SUIT is one of the main payloads on Telescope (SUIT) Chromosphere Imaging-
Aditya-L1. Narrow & Broadband
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It will provide full disk images of Sun 3 Solar Low Energy X-ray Soft X-ray spectrometer:
in 2000 - 4000 A wavelength range. Spectrometer (SoLEXS) Sun-as-a-star observation
Full disk images in entire wavelength 4 High Energy L1 Orbiting Hard X-ray spectrometer:
range have never been obtained. X-ray Spectrometer (HEL1OS) Sun-as-a-star observation
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It will answer fundamental questions like: In-situ Payloads 5 Aditya Solar wind Particle Solar wind/Particle Analyzer
Experiment(ASPEX) Protons & Heavier Ions with
Existence of a higher temperature
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directions
atmosphere above cooler surface. 6 Plasma Analyser Package Solar wind/Particle Analyzer
Origin and variation of For Aditya (PAPA) Electrons & Heavier Ions
near-ultraviolet radiation from Sun. with directions
High energy explosions such as 7 Advanced Tri-axial High In-situ magnetic field (Bx,
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solar flares observed in solar Resolution Digital By and Bz).
atmosphere, etc. Magnetometers
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Aditya-L1, propelled by Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) XL, is first Indian space mission to observe Sun and solar corona.
It’ll be inserted in a halo orbit around Lagrangian point 1 (L1) of Sun-Earth system, which is about 1.5 million km from Earth.
Other solar missions: NASA’s Parker Solar Probe, European Space Agency’s Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, China’s Kuafu-1
solar probe etc.
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GENERIC DRUGS SALES RISE MORE THAN 170 TIMES OVER LAST NINE YEARS AT JAN
AUSHADHI KENDRAS
Medicines to treat gastric issues, diabetes, cardiovascular ailments, and pain have seen the highest sales at Jan Aushadhi Kendras (JAKs),
under Pradhan Mantri Bharatiya Jan Aushadhi Pariyojana scheme (PMBJP).
PMBJP was launched by Department of Pharmaceuticals in 2008 with objective of making quality generic medicines available at
affordable prices to people.
Pharmaceuticals & Medical Devices Bureau of India (PMBI), erstwhile Bureau of Pharma PSUs of India (BPPI) is implementing
agency of PMBJP.
Medicines available under scheme are priced 50-90% less than branded medicines.
Generic drug has exactly same active ingredient as the brand name drug and yields same therapeutic effect.
They are sold at a cheaper price because the manufacturers does not have to work on R&D or conduct clinical trials.
Generic drugs provisions under Patents Act, 2005: Generic versions of patented drugs will be permitted to be manufactured and
exported under a Compulsory License (CL) to meet major health needs of underdeveloped countries.
Concerns: Delaying tactics by originator companies like strategic patenting and litigations on generic manufacturers, quality
concerns associated with use of the generic products; doctor-pharma nexus to promote branded drug.
CHILD TRAFFICKING IN INDIA

United Nations World Day against Child Labour 2023 has been observed with theme “Social Justice for All. End Child Labour!”
160 million children work to earn a living, i.e., almost one in every 10 children, instead of going to school.
Child trafficking manifests in form of domestic labour, forced child labour across industries, and illegal activities such as begging,
organ trade and commercial sex purposes.
As per NCRB, eight children were trafficked every day in India in 2021 for labour, begging and sexual exploitation.
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Causes of child trafficking: Poverty, hunger, lack of work, caste and community-based discrimination, unfair treatment in rural areas
and externalities such as COVID-19 pandemic, climate change etc.
Laws governing Anti-Trafficking Crimes:
Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act 1956 stop immoral trafficking and sex work.
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Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act 1976 abolishes bonded labour system to prevent economic and physical exploitation of
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weaker sections of people.
Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act 1994 makes commercial dealing in human organs a punishable offence.
Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act 2012 prevents
REMITTANCES INFLOW TO SLOW
commercial sexual exploitation of children.
MINISTRY OF LAW & JUSTICE CONSTITUTES EXPERT DOWN TO JUST 0.2% IN 2023
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COMMITTEE FOR REFORMS IN ARBITRATION AND World Bank in its latest ‘Migration and
Development Brief report has highlighted the
CONCILIATION ACT slowdown of remittances flow across the globe.
Key findings
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Amid a push for
FIVE TYPES OF ADR
making India a hub Remittances to India which grew by more
NEGOTIATION
for international
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Traditionally occurs directly between the parties and their than 24% to reach a record-high $111 billion,
arbitration, expert counsel and does not involve a neutral third party is projected to grow a mere 0.2% in 2023.
panel led by former
MEDIATION Almost 36% of India’s remittances are from
law secretary (T K
A very flexible process that can be effectively used at any US, United Kingdom, and Singapore.
Vishwanathan) of time during the course of the dispute
Department of Legal Remittances to Low- and Middle-Income
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Affairs has constituted COLLABORATE LAW Countries (LMIC) are expected to grow
Both parties are represented by a collaborative attorney
to recommend only by 1.4% in 2023, against a growth of
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and both parties agree not to litigate
reforms in 8% in 2022.
Arbitration and ARBITRATION
Remittance growth is expected to be the
Conciliation Act, A neutral arbitration arbitrator renders a decision, called an
award, after there has been a presentation of evidence lowest in South Asia (0.3%) because of high
1996 with an aim to base in 2022 along with slowing demand
reduce the burden CONCILIATION
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for highly skilled IT workers in US and
on courts. Neutral third party to communicate with the parties in the
Europe.
exchange of information and settlement options
It will recommend a Remittance refers to the transfer of money by
framework of model arbitration system, which is efficient, effective, individuals, typically migrant workers, to
economical and caters to requirements of users. family members in their home countries.
Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996 Importance of remittances
It consolidates law relating to domestic arbitration, international Vital source of household income in LMICs.
commercial arbitration, enforcement of foreign arbitral awards and rules
Alleviate poverty, improve nutritional
regarding conciliation.
outcomes and are associated with increased
It derives authority from United Nations Commission on International Trade birth weight and higher school enrolment
Law (UNCITRAL) Model law on International Commercial Arbitration, 1985 rates.
and UNCITRAL rules on conciliation, 1980.
Impact of remittance
It was consecutively amended in 2015, 2019 and 2021. Important source of foreign exchange to a
2021 Act added two new features country and strengthen value of local
currency.
Stay on arbitral award can be granted by Court (even during the pendency of
setting aside application), if court is satisfied that relevant arbitration Remittances account for a significant chunk
agreement was induced by fraud or corruption. of nearly 3% of India’s GDP.
Qualifications, experience, and norms for accreditation of arbitrations will Increase consumers demand for goods and
be specified under regulations by Arbitration Council of India. services.
SEBI ISSUES GUIDELINES ON PRODUCT OFFERINGS BY ONLINE BOND PLATFORM

PROVIDERS (OBPPs)
SEBI restricted OBPPs from offering products other than listed debt securities on their
platforms.
Types of Bonds
It allowed them to offer securities such as government securities, Treasury Bills, Fixed-rate bonds: Interest remains fixed
listed sovereign gold bonds etc. throughout the tenure of bond.
Floating-rate bonds: They have a
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OBPPs need to register themselves as stock brokers in the debt segment of the stock
exchange. fluctuating interest rate (coupons) as
per current market reference rate.
Holding company, subsidiary, or associate of OBPPs will not utilise brand name and
offer unregulated products. Zero-coupon bonds: Does not pay any
regular interest to investors and
SEBI has defined Online Bond Platform (OBP) as any electronic system, other than a
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issuers. Only pay principal amount to
recognised stock exchange, on which debt securities which are listed or proposed to
bondholders.
be listed, are offered and transacted. E.g., BondsIndia, GoldenPi etc.
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An individual who provides or operates such a platform is called OBPPs.
Bond, provide long term borrowing, is a debt instrument in which an investor loans money typically to a corporate or
government which borrows the funds for a defined period of time at a variable or fixed interest rate.
Bonds are used by companies, municipalities, states and sovereign governments to raise money.
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ALSO IN NEWS
Ministry of Heavy Industries has unveiled "Dugdh Sanakalan Sathi Mobile App".
About App
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It aims to improve quality of milk, foster transparency among stakeholders, and streamline
operations at the grassroots village level, including Milk Cooperative Societies.
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Dugdh Sankalan Sathi It will help in realizing the commitment of Government to digitize the process and facilitate
Mobile App Direct Beneficiary Transfer to milk producers.
Centre has empowered itself to recover assets, properties, royalties and cancel leases of certain
companies engaged in oil sector even when they are undergoing IBC process.
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Moratorium protections till now available under IBC Section 14(1) will not be applicable for
certain companies having agreements under Oilfields (regulation and development) Act 1948.
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Section 14 of IBC, 2016 comes into operation when an application against a corporate debtor
is admitted for initiation of insolvency resolution process under Code.
Insolvency and
Bankruptcy Code (IBC) IBC, 2016 provides for a time-bound process to resolve insolvency.
IBC establishes an Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI) as a regulatory body for
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insolvency and bankruptcy.
NITI Aayog and UN have signed GoI -UNSDCF 2023-2027.

GoI-UNSDCF 2023-2027 is built on four strategic pillars derived from the 2030 Agenda – People,
Prosperity, Planet and Participation.
Four interlinked pillars have six outcome areas focusing on Health and Well Being; Nutrition
and Food Security; Quality Education; Economic Growth and Decent Work; Environment, Climate,
Government of India - WASH and Resilience; and Empowering People, Communities, and Institutions.
United Nations
Sustainable Development GoI -UNSDCF rrepresents UN development system’s collective offer to India for achievement
Cooperation Framework of Sustainable Development Goals.
(GoI- UNSDCF) 2023-27 UNSDCF has been designated as principal planning and implementation instrument for UN
Development System at country level.
Climate change has increased the frequency of cyclones in Arabian Sea and IMD data suggest
that it takes more time to forecast trajectory of storms in Arabian Sea as
Steering winds which influence direction of a cyclone are always difficult to predict in Arabian
sea due to fewer events and data.
Heat within ocean layer which determines strength and duration of cyclones is at least 40
Cyclone in Arabian Sea metres more in Arabian Sea as compared to Bay of Bengal, resulting in much stronger
cyclones.

FAO released Food outlook (biannual report) that contained forecasts of production, trade,
utilisation and stock levels across the world’s major basic foodstuffs.
HQ HQ
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Rome, Italy
Genesis: Founded in 1945, a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads
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international efforts to defeat hunger.
Goals
Food and Agriculture Eradication of hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition;
Organization (FAO)
Elimination of poverty and driving forward of economic and social progress for all;
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and
Sustainable management and utilization of natural resources, including land,
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water, air, climate and genetic resources.
Members: 194 countries (including India) and European Union.
Habitat: Favors slow-moving rivers with sandbars, on which this species forms noisy colonies, often
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in association with terns.
Distribution: Found in the coastal estuaries of western and eastern India.
Chambal River is an important nesting site for Indian Skimmer.
IUCN status: Endangered.
Indian Skimmer (Rynchops
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Major Threats: Habitat degradation, Excessive and widespread increases in disturbance, Predation
albicollis)
by corvids like House crows etc.
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Parker Solar Probe reveals mysterious origin of Geminid meteor shower on Earth.
Meteor shower happens when Earth passes through the path of a comet. When this happens, the
bits of comet debris create streaks of light in night sky as they burn up in Earth's atmosphere.
Geminid meteors are created by tiny bits of rocky debris shed from a small asteroid named 3200
Phaethon, which was discovered in 1983.
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Geminid Meteor Shower Phaethon is small, only about 3 miles across, and it loops around the Sun every 1.4 years in
an orbit that approaches the Sun closer than any other known asteroid.
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Mudumal village in Telangana is the home for South East Asia’s largest cluster of Menhirs and
locals have been demanding a UNESCO tag for site.
Menhirs are large, upright standing stones that were erected prehistorically to chart the
movement of sun, which could have been used as a clock or calendar.
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Menhirs helped locals to understand the seasons and grow crops accordingly.
Menhirs of Mudumal
They are referred to as ‘Niluvu Rallu’ by locals and there are around 80 such menhirs in village.
Geological Survey of India (GSI) has proposed to declare the ‘Natural Arch’ in Kanika range of
Sundargarh forest division in Odisha as a Geo Heritage site.
Arch is oval in shape and approximately 12 metres in height which dates back to lower-middle
Jurassic age.
It is considered to be the largest natural arch in India, while the other two natural arches are
Sundargarh Natural Arch found in Tirumala hills in Tirupati and Andaman and Nicobar Island.
Nagorno-Karabakh
Armenia accuses Azerbaijan of 'ethnic cleansing' in Nagorno-Karabakh.
Nagorno-Karabakh, known as Artsakh by Armenians, is a landlocked
mountainous area in South Caucasus.
It was claimed by both Azerbaijan and Armenia after the fall of
Russian Empire in 1917 and has remained a point of tension ever
since.
Places in news
Territory is internationally recognised as part of oil-rich
Azerbaijan, but its inhabitants are predominantly ethnic
Armenians.

18th & 19th JUNE, 2023
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STARS TO BECOME INVISIBLE TO OUR EYES IN TWO DECADES DUE TO LIGHT
POLLUTION, WARN SCIENTISTS
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Scientists stated that increasing light pollution is How does Light Pollution impact birds and people?
brightening up night sky at rate of around 10 percent Light Pollution impacts an enormous diversity of birds that are active both nocturnally and
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diurnally. Each year, it contributes to the death of millions of birds from collisions, especially
per year. birds that migrate at night.
Light pollution has worsened rapidly, particularly since Light-induced collision
2016 when astronomers reported the Milky Way is Light Pollution contributes to the death of millions of birds from collisions with
invisible to nearly a third of the population. buildings and other built infrastructure.
Light pollution (photo pollution or luminous pollution) is Disorientation during flight
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‘excessive, misdirected, or obtrusive artificial (usually Light Pollution attracts and disorients birds flying at night, causing them
outdoor) light. to circle illuminated areas, depleting their energy reserves and putting
them at risk of exhaustion, predation and lethal collision.
Components of light pollution include
Disruption of biological rhythms
Glare: Excessive brightness that causes visual Light Pollution can alter birds' behaviors, including
discomfort. migration, foraging, and vocal communication,
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disrupting daily and annual biological cycles of birds.
Skyglow: Brightening of night sky over inhabited
areas. Disruption of Ecosystems
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Light trespass: Light falling where it is not intended or Light Pollution impacts not only birds,
but also other animals and plants.
needed.
Clutter: Bright, confusing and excessive groupings of Harms Human Health
More than 80% of the world's population lives
light sources. under a "lit sky," Light Pollution harms human
health and can contribute to sleep disorders,
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Impact of Light Pollution diabetes, and other problems.
Affect human circadian rhythms which regulate physiologic activities.
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Interferes with astronomical research.
Disturb migratory and predatory patterns of nocturnal wildlife especially birds (refer image).
Leads to disorientation among terrestrial animals such as Olive Ridley Sea turtles.
Steps to curb Light Pollution: Limiting brightness of lights; avoid blue-white and ensure light have more red and orange components;
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Use of Motion Sensors to turn on only lights only when motion etc.
NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL (NGT) MAKES CONSENT FROM STATE POLLUTION

CONTROL BOARD (SPCB) MANDATORY FOR RIVER SAND MINING
NGT has made it mandatory to obtain consent from concerned SPCBs for river sand mining.
NGT directed MoEFCC to issue guidelines within two months to ensure that it is uniformly applicable.
No river sand mining will be allowed to continue in country without obtaining these consents with effect from 1st September 2023.
Sand mining is extraction of sand, mainly through an open pit but sometimes mined from inland dunes from oceans, riverbeds and
beaches.
It is classified as a ‘minor mineral’ under section 3(e) of Mines and Mineral (Development and Regulation) i.e., MMDR Act 1957
and administrative control vests with State Governments.
Impact of sand mining
Alter river bed, force river to change course, erode banks and lead to flooding.
Destroys habitat of aquatic animals and micro-organisms besides affecting groundwater recharge.
Initiatives taken to curb sand mining
Sustainable Sand Mining Management Guidelines 2016, issued by MoEFCC, encourages scientific sand mining and
environmentally friendly management method.
Sand Mining Framework, 2018, prepared by Ministry of Mines, envisages alternative sources of sand in form of Manufactured
-Sand from crushed rock fines (crusher dust), etc.
THREE THEATRE COMMANDS TO BE ESTABLISHED AS ARMED FORCES REACH CONSENSUS

Indian Army, Navy, and Air Force have achieved a consensus on establishment of three theatre commands by 2024, each headed by a
senior three-star general (Lieutenant Generals, Air Marshals, or Vice Admirals).
These commands will be responsible for managing northern borders with China, western front with Pakistan, and a maritime
command in peninsular India.
Original proposal for an Air Defence Command (ADC) has been discarded.
Theatre Command means putting specific number of personnel from three services (Army, Navy and Air Force) under a common
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commander in a specified geographical territory.
Shekatkar committee and Kargil review committee had recommended the creation of theatre commands.
India has 19 military commands with 17 (Army 7, IAF 7, and Navy 3) of them service-oriented.
Currently, India has two unified commands:
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Andaman and Nicobar Command, which is geographical.
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Strategic Forces Command, which is functional and handles the country's nuclear arsenal.
Significance of Theatre Command
Build integrated war-fighting machinery in a cost-effective manner. MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT,
Enhance synergy and coordination among three services and enabling more FOREST & CLIMATE CHANGE
(MOEF&CC) RELEASED
effective management of national security challenges.
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Streamline planning and military operations.
“NATIONAL WORKING PLAN
BRAIN ELECTRICAL OSCILLATION SIGNATURE CODE (NWPC)-2023”
PROFILING (BEOSP) NWPC-2023 was released for scientific
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BEOSP, also known as Brain Fingerprinting/Brain mapping/ P-300 test, is a management of forests and evolving new
neuro psychological method of interrogation. approaches.
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It is designed to bring up the information which could be hidden in a person’s It was first adopted in 2004 with a
brain by sensing brain wave responses respective to words, phrases, or subsequent amendment in 2014.
pictures presented.
Key highlights of NWPC-2023
BEOSP test is carried out via a process known as electroencephalogram,
conducted to study the electrical behaviour of human brain. NWPC will incorporate India Forest
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How is it different from polygraph test? Management Standards (IFMS), a set of
eight comprehensive guidelines and rules
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Unlike polygraph test, it does not involve a question answer session with
applicable to all states. These eight standards
accused.
are holistic as they independently focus upon
In a polygraph test, accused person’s physiological indicators are taken
into account which includes blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration and skin Soil and water conservation, productivity
conductivity. and utilisations of forest resources,
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enhancement of social-economic and
Brain mapping is considered much more credible than polygraph test. cultural benefits related to forests, extent
Applications of Brain fingerprinting and condition of forest and tree cover
Determine the participation of accused in a crime. and adequacy of policy, legal and
Medical diagnosis and treatment of Neurological diseases like Alzheimer. institutional framework.
Counter Terrorism by probing the possibility of a terrorist act by an individual. These standards developed form
Bhopal-India process (1998), which is
In Selvi versus State of Karnataka case (2010), SC stated that narco analysis,
one of the nine global initiatives for
polygraph and brain mapping tests cannot be forced upon any individual
forest management.
without their consent and test results cannot be admitted solely as evidence.
It will bring uniformity and acts as guiding
OPERATING MECHANISM principle for State Forest Departments in
Picture/word Triggers neurons Electrical
shown to an Generates Potentials preparation of working plan for different
of brain brainwave
individual
(P300)
Accumulate in forest divisions in country.
(Stimulus) brain
(MERMER)
It deals in detail with essentials of forest
Headgear fitted management planning, incorporating the
with
Electrodes placed principles of sustainable management of
on scalp forests.
Study Generates analog
P300-MERMER For the first time, NWPC-2023 has prescribed
Found Guilty/ EEG amplifier (an scalp ERP
Not guilty the data Using signals EEG) Measures state forest departments to engage in
a computer brainwaves continuous data collection and its
program
updation in a centralized database.
G20 AGRICULTURE MINISTERS’ MEETING CONCLUDED

G20 Agriculture Ministers’ meeting adopted agreed outcome document titled “Outcome Document and Chair’s Summary” and
reaching a consensus for the first time.
Four priority areas were highlighted i.e.
Promotion of agricultural diversity and improvement of social security systems to enhance food security and nutrition.
Financing climate-friendly technologies for sustainable agricultural production.
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Inclusive growth through a resilient agriculture supply chain.
Digitization of agricultural sector and standardization of agricultural data platforms.
Two key outcomes in “Outcome Document and Chair’s Summary” are
Deccan High Level Principles:
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Demonstrated G20 collective responsibility in response to global food security crises.
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Facilitating humanitarian assistance to countries and populations in vulnerable situations.
Strengthen food safety nets and access to nutritious food.
Focus on climate smart and climate resilient agricultural supply chains.
International Millets and Other Ancient Grains Research Initiative (MAHARISHI):
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Aims at advancing research collaborations and generating awareness about millets and other ancient grains during
International Years of Millets 2023 and after.
In related development, India has proposed that African Union will be given full membership of G20 at upcoming Delhi Summit.
African Union is made up of 55 Member States which represent all countries on African continent. It has the status of a permanent
observer at United Nations General Assembly.
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ALSO IN NEWS
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Indian Navy and DRDO have successfully carried out control capabilities of TAPAS UAV from a
distant ground station to onboard INS Subhadra.
Indigenously developed TAPAS 201 is a Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) UAV.
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It is designed and developed by Bengaluru based Aeronautical Development Establishment
(ADE).
TAPAS (Tactical Airborne
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It is capable to carry different combinations of payloads like Medium Range Electro Optic, Long
Platform for Aerial Range Electro Optic, Synthetic Aperture Radar etc. to perform missions during day and night.
Surveillance) Unmanned
It has an endurance of more than 18 hours and can operate at altitudes of up to 28,000 feet.
Aerial Vehicle (UAV)
It can carry payloads up to 350 kg.
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European Commission adopted a proposal of actions to combat Antimicrobial Resistance
(AMR) in One Health approach.
Proposal included a series of actions to:
Strengthen national action plans against AMR.
Reinforce surveillance and monitoring of AMR and Antimicrobial Consumption (AMC).
One Health is an integrated, unifying approach to balance and optimize the health of people,
One Health animals and the environment. It can
approach Prevent outbreaks of zoonotic disease in animals and people.
Improve food safety and security.
Reduce AMR infections and improve human and animal health.
President of India conferred 4th National Water Awards, 2022. Prominent winners are Madhya
Pradesh (Best State), Ganjam in Odisha (Best District).
About National Water Awards:
First launched in 2018 by Department of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga
Rejuvenation.
2nd and 3rd editions were given for the years 2019 and 2020.
National Water
Awards Awards were not given in the year 2021 due to COVID pandemic.
Objective: To encourage various stakeholders towards adopting a holistic approach towards water
resources management in the country.

Recently, a decline in wild orchids, especially epiphytic orchids, has been recorded in hills of
Darjeeling in North Bengal.
Wild orchids are those that grow and have evolved naturally in a particular area or habitat
without human intervention.
Orchids belong to family Orchidaceae. They flourish in bright light and are divided into three
temperature groups: cool, medium, and warm.
Orchids Most orchid species grow in tropical forests, but others can be found in semi-desert regions,
near seashore and in tundra.
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Orchids are harvested for ornamental, human consumption and medicinal purposes.
Recently, a non-native alligator gar fish was found in Kashmir’s Dal Lake is threatening the native
fish species.
Alligator Gar Fish is a ray-finned euryhaline fish and is one of the biggest freshwater fish in
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North America and largest species in the ‘gar’ family.
Sometimes, they will appear in backwaters of lowland rivers, brackish waters of estuaries
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and bays, too.
This predator fish has an alligator-like head and razor-sharp teeth.
Alligator Gar Fish
It was also found in some parts of India like Bhopal, Kerala and from waterbodies of
(Atractosteus spatula) Maharashtra and Kolkata
IUCN status is least concerned.
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Gandhi Peace Prize 2021 will be conferred on Gita Press, Gorakhpur.
Annual Gandhi Peace Prize was instituted in 1995 on occasion of 125th birth anniversary of
Mahatma Gandhi.
Award is open to all persons regardless of nationality, race, language, caste, creed or gender.
Award carries a cash prize of ₹1 crore, a citation, a plaque and an exquisite traditional
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Gandhi Peace
handicraft/handloom item.
Prize 2021
Past awardees include organisations such as ISRO and Ramakrishna Mission.
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As per report, India is expected to lose 6,500 High Net-Worth Individuals (HNWIs) in 2023,
second-highest estimated outflow number globally.
HNWIs, also known as 'millionaires', are those having investable wealth of $1 million or more.
Top five destinations for net inflows of HNWIs are expected to be Australia, United Arab
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Emirates (UAE), Singapore, United States, and Switzerland.
Henley Private Wealth
Political stability, low taxation, and personal freedom had traditionally been key factors in
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Migration Report 2023 their decision-making.
A new study found that Groundwater pumping has tilted the planet nearly 80 centimetres east
between 1993 and 2010 alone.
Planet’s geographic north and south poles are where its axis intersects the surface; however,
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they are not fixed.
Groundwater extraction The axis and hence the poles fluctuate due to variations in Earth’s mass distribution.
tilted Earth’s spin Water circulated across the planet determines how mass is distributed.
Reports suggest instances where Telegram bots have been misusing private data of individuals.
About Telegram Bots:
Bots are computer programs that act as agents of a user or another computer program.
Bots on Telegram are small applications that run entirely within the platform and can be designed
to support any kind of task or service.
Not all of them are secure and safe.
Telegram bots Bots are listed on the platform as special accounts that do not require a phone number to set up.
Users can send commands to bots that they respond to with relevant information or perform tasks
they are designed to do.
NewSpace India Ltd (commercial arm of ISRO), is setting up MSS terminals on at least one lakh
motorised and fishing boats across 13 coastal states.
The system will be powered by India’s own navigation satellite system, NavIC (Navigation
with Indian Constellation).
Mobile Satellite Service Advantages: Establish better communication with vessels in sea; Better security to fishermen;
(MSS) terminals Monitor Indian waters more efficiently and improve national security.

20th JUNE, 2023
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UN ADOPTS WORLD'S FIRST INTERNATIONAL TREATY TO PROTECT THE HIGH SEAS
Adopted by the Intergovernmental Conference on
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Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Maritime Zones
Jurisdiction (BBNJ), “high seas” treaty aims at taking nautical mile (m)
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Contiguous
stewardship of ocean on behalf of present and future Zone To a maximum of 350 nm from the coast/
baseline or 100 nm beyond the 2,500 meter
Limited
generations. Coast/Baseline
law-enforcement isobath, whichever is greatest
12 nm zone 200 nm
It has been adopted under the framework of United Exclusive Economic Zone The High Seas
Territorial
Nations Convention on Laws of the Sea (UNCLOS). Sea
It is legally binding in nature. It will only enter into Extended Continental

Shelf
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force once 60 countries have ratified it. Sovereignty extends
to Ithe water column,
Key highlights of the treaty to the airspace above,
and to the seabed
and subsoil. Continental Shelf
Strengthening resilience and contains provisions
based on polluter-pays principle as well as Deep Seabed Area
mechanisms for disputes.
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Parties must assess potential environmental impacts Sovereignty
Sovereign rights over natural resources Sovereign rights over
of the water column and the seabed natural resources of the
of any planned activities beyond their jurisdictions. and subsoil seabed and subsoil
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Offers guidance, including through an integrated approach to ocean management that builds ecosystem resilience to tackle
adverse effects of climate change and ocean acidification.
Recognize rights and traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples and local communities, freedom of scientific research, and
need for the fair and equitable sharing of benefits.
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It aims to establish large-scale marine protected areas in international waters, which protect marine biodiversity in high seas.
It also calls for setting up of a Conference of Parties to oversee and enforce compliance with treaty’s terms.
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JAMMU AND KASHMIR AND LADAKH HIT BY SEVERAL MILD-INTENSITY EARTHQUAKES
WITHIN 24 HOURS
Geology of the Himalayas, determined largely by the
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ongoing collision of Indian tectonic plate with Eurasian
plate, makes the region particularly vulnerable to
earthquakes.
Indian plate is diving under (subduction) the Eurasian
plate in north-northeast direction.
Geology of the Himalayas on its southern side is
characterised by three major tectonic units:
Main Central Thrust (MCT)
Main Boundary Thrust (MBT)
Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT) or Main Frontal
Thrust (MFT).
Highest and oldest of these is MCT, which is a north-dipping fault and marks tectonic contact between higher and lesser Himalayas.
Lesser and sub-Himalayas are separated by MBT, and HFT constitutes southern-most and youngest thrust.
All these three faults conjoin along basal detachment plane—called decollément in geophysical language—called Main Himalayan
Thrust (MHT).
In the current era, both MBT and HFT faults are considered more active compared to MCT.
There is about 700 km stretch in Central Himalayas where MFT has shown no sign of any rupturing for several centuries, which is
referred to as “Central seismic gap”.
Seismic gap regions are high risk areas for large earthquakes in the future.
INDIA OUTPERFORMS US, CHINA IN LEADERSHIP IN ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL

DESIGN (LEED) NET ZERO CERTIFICATIONS
LEED rating system provides a framework for healthy, efficient, carbon and
cost-saving green buildings. OTHER INITIATIVES FOR GREEN
BUILDING IN INDIA
It is a globally recognized certification system developed by U.S. Green
IGBC Rating Systems
Building Council and administered by Green Business Certification Inc.
Energy Conservation Building Code
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It achieves and recognizes building at four certification level ( Certified, devised by Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Silver, Gold, Platinum). (BEE)
LEED India Programme is administered by Indian Green Building Council BEE Rating System for commercial
(IGBC). buildings
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A complement to LEED certification, LEED Zero recognises projects that have
reached net zero or net positive status in the categories of carbon, energy, INDIA GIFTS INS KIRPAN TO
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VIETNAM, FOCUSES ON
water, or waste.
India has 73 LEED Zero certified projects, comprising 45% of the more than
150 total LEED Zero certifications. ENHANCING DEFENCE
Nearly one-third of all carbon emissions in India come from building and RELATIONS, SECURITY
construction sector.
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INS Kirpan is a Khukri class missile corvette
Haryana and Tamil Nadu are leading states in certifications. that can perform a wide variety of roles,
including coastal and offshore patrol, coastal
India’s DLF group is the leader globally in total LEED Zero certifications.
security, surface warfare, anti-piracy etc.
Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) is India’s own green Defence cooperation is a part of Defence
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building rating system jointly developed by The Energy & Resources Institute Diplomacy and is an ideal tool to advance
(TERI) and Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. national foreign policy objectives by building
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GRIHA is a five star rating system. Rating is valid for a period of 5 years. bridges of friendship, preventing conflicts,
building mutual trust and capacities on a global
basis.
PHYSICISTS SPLIT PHONONS USING QUANTUM Significance of Defence cooperation in
MECHANICS meeting foreign policy goals
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Enhancement of security in immediate
Scientists have successfully split phonons, demonstrating their quantum neighbourhood and Indian Ocean Region
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properties and ability to manipulate and control quantum states. (IOR).
Phonons are quasiparticles that represent collective vibrations of atoms or Improving combined ability to respond to
molecules in a solid material. natural disasters and mitigating turbulence in
neighbouring countries.
Achievement may lead to development of sound-based versions of
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Strengthening India's linkages and
quantum computers or extremely sensitive measuring devices in future.
building 'Bridges of Friendship' with
Presently, linear optical quantum computing uses photons, particles of light, as countries in its neighbourhood as also with
qubits (basic units of information for quantum computers). key global powers.
Both photons and phonons are of central interest to quantum computing Capacity enhancement of own armed
research. However, studying phonons is challenging due to their susceptibility forces through exposure to technology,
to noise and issues with scalability and detection. organisations, doctrines, concepts etc. of
other nations.
Boost to domestic defence industry.
Photons Phonons Currently, India has defence cooperation
agreements with over 53 countries including:
Photons are tiny packets of Phonons are packets of energy for Neighbours: helping in capacity building,
energy for light or electromagnetic sound waves. material support, or training facilities.
waves.
Phonons need a medium such as South East Asian Countries including
Photons can travel through empty air or water. Indonesia, Singapore, Vietnam, Philippines,
space. Malaysia etc.
Phonons of different wavelengths West Asia through joint training exercises,
Photons generally don’t interact at can interact and mix when they training of personnel and maritime
all if they have different bump into each other, producing a cooperation etc.
wavelengths. different wavelength.
Others like USA, Russia, Israel etc.
QUALITY CONTROL ORDERS (QCOS) FOR 24 FOOTWEAR PRODUCTS FROM JULY 1

Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) license will be mandatory for manufacturing, importing or selling of products under these QCOs.
For small-scale and micro-scale industries, implementation date would be 1st January 2024 and 1st July 2024 respectively.
QCOs are issued by various Ministries/Departments of Government of India in exercise of powers conferred under Bureau of
Indian Standards (BIS) Act, 2016.
Through QCOs, notified products will conform to the requirements of relevant Indian standard.
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Other initiatives launched by BIS
Public Call Facility: A virtual interaction platform to make process of standardisation more inclusive, open on all working days to
invite viewpoints, feedback, suggestions, etc., from all the stakeholders.
Manak Rath: An online exchange forum for mentors and students of Standards Clubs, established in different schools and colleges.
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About BIS
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BIS is National Standard Body of India. It functions under Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution.
It is responsible for development of activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods etc.
It got statutory backing with BIS Act 2016.
Other certification marks by BIS
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ISI • Used for standard industrial products in India.
• It is mandatory for some products like electronics and voluntary for others.
• Certified by BIS.
BIS Hallmark • Hallmarking system for the sale of precious metal like gold and silver jewellery which certify
the purity of the metal.
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• It verifies that jewelry conforms to the standards set by BIS.
ECO Mark • For labelling of environment friendly products.
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• It covers various product categories like Soaps and Detergents, Paints, Food Items,
Lubricating Oils, Batteries, Electrical and Electronic Goods, Food Additives, Aerosols and
Propellants, Plastic Products etc.
CRS (Compulsory • Manufacturers of products under Compulsory Registration Order (CRO) notified by Ministry
Registration Scheme) of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) or Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
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(MNRE) are required to apply for registration from BIS.
ALSO IN NEWS
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APPPC unanimously elected India as chair of Standing Committee on Integrated Pest Management
(IPM) for biennium 2023-24.
APPPC convened for the first time in 1956.
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It administers Regional Plant Protection Agreement for Asia and the Pacific, approved in 1956 by the
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Council.
Asia Pacific Plant
Protection Commission A total of 25 countries (including India) are members and APPPC meets at least once every two years.
(APPPC) Objectives are: promoting development of regional plant protection systems, Assistance to develop
effective plant protection regimes, Setting standards for phytosanitary measures etc.
NIXI celebrated its 20th Foundation Day.
It is a not-for-profit organization (section 8 company) under Ministry of Electronics and IT (MeitY).
It acts as a neutral meeting point of Internet service providers (ISPs) with primary objective of
facilitating exchange of domestic internet traffic between peering ISP members.
Four services under NIXI are
National Internet Setting IXPs, towards building Internet Exchange Points,
Exchange of India .IN Registry towards building the .in domain digital identity,
(NIXI) Indian Registry for Internet Names and Numbers (IRINN) towards IPv4 and IPv6 addresses
adoption
Data Centre services under NIXI-CSC towards data storage services.
Indian Army will participate in Ex Khaan Quest (in Mongolia), a multinational peacekeeping joint
exercise.
Ex Khaan Quest 2023

GSER is a comprehensive analysis of the current state of startup ecosystems worldwide.

It is released by Startup Genome, a policy advisory and research organization.
Key Findings
Silicon Valley remained the best spot for Startups and second spot was shared between New
Global Startup York and London.
Ecosystems Report -2023 Bengaluru ranked 20th.
(GSER) Indian ecosystems continue to rise, with Mumbai leading the way by moving up five places.
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DAKSHTA (Development of Attitude, Knowledge, Skill for Holistic Transformation in
Administration) For Young Professionals, is now available on iGOT Karmayogi Platform.
DAKSHTA seeks to build functional, domain and behavioural competencies.
iGOT Karmayogi Platform is a comprehensive online portal to guide government officials in
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their capacity building journey.
iGOT Karmayogi
Platform Portal combines 6 functional hubs for online learning, competency management, career
management, discussions, events and networking.
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It was produced jointly by World Meteorological Organization and European Union’s
Copernicus Climate Change Service.
Key Findings are:
Europe is the world's fastest-warming continent.
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EUROPEAN STATE OF Europe has been warming twice as much as the global average since the 1980s.
THE CLIMATE 2022, Rates of surface ocean warming, particularly in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, the Baltic and
Report Black Seas, and the southern Arctic were more than three times the global average.
Kareri Lake (also known as Kumarwah Lake) is a high altitude, shallow, fresh water lake south of
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the Dhauladhar range, near Dharamsala in Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh.
It is best known for being a trekking destination. It remains frozen from early December to
March–April.
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Snow melting from the Dhauladhar range serves as the source of the lake and a stream, Nyund
Kareri lake is the outflow.
There is a temple dedicated to Lord Shiva and Shakti on a hilltop overlooking the lake.
A Mesolithic Era painting depicting a person tilling a piece of land was recently discovered in
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Orvakallu Village of Guntur district (Andhra Pradesh).
Site also hosts five naturally formed caves, of which two are embellished with depictions of rock
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paintings of Mesolithic Age(roughly 5000 BC).
Mesolithic paintings normally depict scenes from daily walks of life like hunting, gathering, fishing etc.
Mesolithic Era Rock Human figures are often depicted with distinct body proportions, and animals are rendered with
Painting recognizable features than the palaeolithic art.
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They use different colours like Red and black obtained from natural sources.
Jagannath Puri Rath Yatra to begin today.
It was constructed by Ananta Varman Chodaganga Deva in 12th century at seashore Puri.
Lord Jagannath, Devi Subhadra and elder brother Balabhadra (holy trinity) are being worshipped
in Puri.
Main temple is constructed, in Kalinga architecture, in such a way that no shadow of temple falls
on ground at any time of the day.
Jagannath Temple Idols of the holy trinity are carved out of wood rather than stone or metal idols.
It is also called as White Pagoda and is considered as one of the Char Dhams (Dwarika, Badrinath &
Rameswaram are other three).
Ministry of Culture intends to change nomination process for Sahitya Akademi Award.
It is a literary honour, conferred annually on writers of most outstanding books of literary
merit published in any of the major Indian languages.
Besides 22 languages enumerated in Constitution, English and Rajasthani language are also
recognised.
Award includes a casket containing an engraved copper-plaque, a shawl and an amount of
Sahitya Akademi Rs. 1,00,000/-.
Award Sahitya Akademi functions as an autonomous organisation. It is registered as a society under
Societies Registration Act, 1860.

21st JUNE, 2023
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PUNJAB ASSEMBLY PASSES PUNJAB POLICE AMENDMENT BILL, 2023
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The bill amends the procedure to select Director General of Police (DGP), and paves the way for the state to appoint him/her.
State government cited that ‘public order and Police’ is listed under the State List in the Seventh Schedule of Constitution.
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The bill seeks to amends the Punjab Police Act, 2007 to bypass the requirement of the empanelment by UPSC.
Current procedure to appoint DGP
As per the guidelines laid down by the Supreme Court in former DGP Prakash Singh petition on police reforms, the state
government is supposed to send a panel of eligible officers to the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC).
UPSC then shortlists three officers from the panel and the state government would select an officer of its choice among those
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three.
In 2018 SC order stated that any conflicting rule/legislation counter to the direction for the appoint of post by state or central
government shall remain in abeyance.
However, the bill passed by Punjab Assembly enables the State Government to form a seven member Empanelment Committee.
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This committee will form a panel of three senior-most officers to choose DGP for the state.
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WATER, ICE, SOCIETY, AND ECOSYSTEMS IN THE HINDU KUSH HIMALAYA (HI-WISE) REPORT
Released by International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD).
The Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) is one of the highest mountain ranges in the world. It is also referred as the Third Pole and water
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tower of Asia.
Key Findings
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Cryosphere: Acceleration of glacier mass loss by 65%.
Glaciers could lose up to 80% of their current volume by the end of this century.
Recommendations: Evaluate the effects and chalk out the adaptation strategies.
Assess changing permafrost include elevated risks for livelihoods and infrastructure.
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Permafrost is the thick subsurface layer of soil that remains below
freezing point throughout the year. Eco
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Water: With accelerated glacier melt, ‘peak water’ will be reached around
e
sy
Speci
stems
mid-century.
Evidence for slow-onset hazards related to glacier retreat as well as heavy Ch
S e r vices
precipitation.
an
ge
s
ces
Recommendations:
an
Pro
Prepare an action for an increased dependence on meltwater.

d Im
s
Ecosystem: Shrinking of the cryosphere – attributable to climate change
Sn
ier
pact
ow
GLac
– is resulting in glacier mass loss, snow cover reduction, shrinkage of

permafrost area.
Recommendations: Adopt Nature-based solutions.
Pe
r m afrost Cu
South–South cooperation to address it. l R
od
s
un
al
ltu
o
Livelih
Rainf
Society
-off
res
Intensifying cryosphere change, population growth, and infrastructure

development has intensified hazards. H az rds D is s
a aster
Recommendations: Resp onse
Collaborative efforts to understand the transboundary implications.
TELECOM REGULATORY AUTHORITY OF INDIA (TRAI) RELEASES RECOMMENDATIONS

ON ‘LICENSING FRAMEWORK AND REGULATORY MECHANISM FOR SUBMARINE CABLE
LANDING IN INDIA’
The framework will ease the rules for setting up submarine (undersea) cable landing stations (CLS) in India.
In August 2022 the Department of Telecom (DoT) sought such recommendations while highlighting various concerns related to
Submarine Cables (SMC) and Cable Landing Station (CLS).
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The SMC are laid on the ocean floor and digitally connect countries typically, connect terrestrial telecom networks, and the
CLS is the location where they make a landfall.
Key highlights
Essential Services’ and Critical Information Infrastructure (CII) status can be accorded to CLS and Submarine Cables (SMC)
operation and maintenance services.
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Exemption of custom duty and GST on the goods and items required for CLS, and submarine operation and maintenance.
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The clearances related to Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Coastal Region Zone (CRZ) required for SMC and CLS may
E-NAM SET TO CROSS 1

also be made online as a part of Saral Sanchar portal.
A section should be added in the Indian Telecommunication Bill, 2022 to
promote, protect and prioritise ’CLS’ and ’SMC’ in India. TRILLION RUPEES TRADE IN
FY24
The Bill provides a mechanism to exercise the right of way (right to pass over or
through real property owned by someone else) for laying telecom infrastructure.
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Launched in 2016, e-NAM is a pan-India
INDIA’S FIRST MRNA VACCINE GET APPROVAL electronic trading portal that networks the
DRUGS CONTROLLER GENERAL OF INDIA (DCGI)

existing Agricultural Produce Market
Committee mandis.
GEMCOVAC-OM a mRNA COVID-19 booster vaccine produced by Gennova It creates a unified national market for
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Biopharmaceuticals Ltd have received Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) by DCGI. agricultural commodities by:
It is a lyophilized (freeze dried) vaccine, stable at 2- 8 °C, is delivered using a streamlining of procedures across the
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device called Tropis. integrated markets.
Tropis use the technology that propels liquid at high pressure to deliver removing information asymmetry
vaccines through the skin without utilising needles. between buyers and sellers.
Clinical trials and approval of new drugs/vaccines are governed by the New promoting real-time price discovery.
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Drugs and Clinical Trial Rules 2019 under the provisions of the Drugs and It is completely funded by the Central
Cosmetics Act, 1940. Government and is implemented by the
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Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) headed by the DCGI Small Farmers Agribusiness Consortium,
is the authority to grant approval of Vaccine. under the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’
Vaccine Testing and subsequent approval involves preclinical phase Welfare.
(without testing on humans) and three phases of human clinical trials. Other key features
About mRNA vaccine Facilitate trade from warehouses based on
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It is type of vaccine that use messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules to provide e-NWR (electronic Negotiable Warehouse
instructions to the body's cells for producing a protein that triggers an Receipt).
immune response against a pathogen. NWR system allows transfer of ownership
Once the mRNA is injected into the body, the cells read the instructions and of a commodity stored in a warehouse
produces the protein. without having to deliver it physically.
This then stimulates the immune system to recognize and mount a Platform of Platforms (POP) to facilitate
response against the targeted pathogen. farmers to sell the produce outside their
state borders.
41 service providers from different
platforms facilitating various value chain
services like trading, quality checks,
warehousing, fintech, etc. are covered
AI based assaying equipments have been
integrated with e-NAM platform
Key outcomes envisioned:
Single license for trading across all markets
in a State
Single point of market fee
Improved supply-chain and reduced
wastage
HEATWAVE IN INDIA: GOVT’S 5-MEMBER TEAM TO VISIT WORST-AFFECTED STATES

Heat wave is a condition of air temperature which becomes
fatal to the human body when exposed.
It is defined based on the temperature thresholds over a
region in terms of actual temperature or its departure from
normal.
According to IMD, Heat wave is considered if maximum
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temperature of a station reaches at least 40 degree Celsius or
more for Plains and at least 30 degree Celsius or more for Hilly
regions.
Classification based on departure from normal average
temperature
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Heat Wave - Departure from normal 4.5 degree Celsius to
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6.40 degree Celsius
Severe Heat Wave - Departure from normal is >6.40C
Classification based on actual temperature
Heat Wave - Maximum temperature crosses or equal to 45 degree Celsius.
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Severe Heat Wave - Maximum temperature crosses or equal to 47 degree Celsius.
Efforts to deal with Heat Waves
National Action Plan on Heat Related Illness (NAP-HRI)
It was released by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in 2021.
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It outlines the challenges posed by heat waves, heat-related illnesses and their management from primary to tertiary level.
NDMA guidelines on Heat Waves.
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ALSO IN NEWS
Employees' Provident Fund Organisation
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Genesis: Established in 1951 under the Employees' Provident Funds & Miscellaneous
Provisions Act, 1952.
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Ministry: Ministry of Labour and Employment
Role: EPFO is country’s principal organization responsible for providing social security
Employees' Provident benefits to the organized/semi-organized sector workforce covered under the
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Fund Organisation statute of
(EPFO)
The Employees' Provident Funds Scheme 1952 (EPF)
The Employees' Pension Scheme 1995 (EPS)
The Employees' Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme 1976 (EDLI)
On 21st June the event of summer solstice takes place.

The summer solstice is the time when the Sun is directly above the Tropic of Cancer leading to the
longest daylight.
It marks the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere and officially the beginning of the
summer season.
Summer solstice Earth's axial tilt is highest on this day.
The sun reaches its highest point in the sky and daylight lasts the longest.
The term "Blue Ocean Event" refers to a hypothetical event in which the Arctic Ocean becomes
ice-free during the summer months.
It describes a scenario where the extent of sea ice in the Arctic has melted to such a degree that
only small, scattered patches or a completely ice-free ocean surface remains.
Blue Ocean Event BOE represents a critical tipping point in the Arctic system, as more sea ice melts, it reduces the amount
(BOE) of sunlight reflected into space, leading to further warming and ice loss.

China has recently blocked a proposal at UN to blacklist 26/11 attacks accused and LeT terrorist.
The move was proposed by India and US to designate the terrorist under al-Qaeda Sanctions
Committee of the UN Security Council.
Background: UN Security Council had adopted Resolution 1267, which imposed sanctions
against the Taliban for providing sanctuary and training for terrorists, including Osama bin Laden.
Al-Qaeda Sanctions Pursuant to these resolutions, the 1267 Committee, now called the al-Qaeda Sanctions
Committee Committee, oversees and maintains the al-Qaeda sanctions list.
Sanction by the committee includes, assets freeze, travel ban, and arms embargo.
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The Advertising Standards Council of India (ASCI) and department of consumer affairs are working
jointly on setting up a task force to curb greenwashing.
Greenwashing/ green sheen is the act of making false or misleading statements about the
environmental benefits of a product or practice.
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Greenwashing is classified as an unfair trade practice by the Consumer Protection Act, 2019.
Greenwashing The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) too has a green product certification scheme to
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monitor products labelled as eco-friendly.
Phototropism is the ability of the plant to reorient the shoot growth towards a direction of light
source.
Positive phototropism is the response of a plant toward a light source.
Negative phototropism (also called “aphototropism”) causes growth in the opposite direction.
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The plants first sense the light using photoreceptors.
Photoreceptors are special molecules consisting of a protein and a pigment that absorbs light
called a chromophore.
Phototropism
The specific photoreceptors which are responsible for detecting light during phototropism
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are called phototropins.
The sunflower plant is the example of this phenomenon.
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Recently, World Sickle Cell Awareness day was celebrated on 19th June to raise awareness about
sickle cell disease.
Sickle Cell Disease
Sickle cell disease is a genetic blood disorder.
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It is characterized by abnormal shape of red blood cells that take on a crescent or sickle shape.
Sickle Cell Disease It can lead to stroke, eye problems, infections, and episodes of pain called pain crises.
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A blood and bone marrow transplant is currently the only cure for sickle cell disease.
As part of the One Nation One Helpline vision, the child helpline number 1098 will be merged
with the emergency response support system 112.
The task of integration would be carried out by C-DAC, Kerala.
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Child Helpline 1098
It is a 24-hour a day, 365 days a year, free, emergency phone service for children in need of
aid and assistance.
CHILDLINE India Foundation (CIF) is the nodal agency for the monitoring and maintenance of
Child Helpline 1098 the helpline.
It functions under union Ministry of Women and Child Development
Indian Navy personnel to perform yoga onboard aircraft carrier INS Vikrant on International Day
of Yoga.
The Ocean Ring of Yoga is an event organized by the Indian Navy on International Yoga Day
“Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” theme for IDY 2023.
Ocean Ring of Yoga –
International Yoga Day In 2014, the United Nations proclaimed 21 June as the International Day of Yoga by resolution
69/131.
(IYD-2023)
China inked an agreement with Pakistan to set up a 1,200-megawatt nuclear power plant
Chashma-V at Chashma in the Mianwali district of Punjab.
Chashma nuclear power
plant

22nd JUNE, 2023
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WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM’S (WEF) GENDER GAP REPORT- 2023
As per the latest report, India has been ranked at 127 out of 146 countries in
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terms of gender equality. Economic Participation and
GENDER GAP INDEX

India has improved 1.4% points and 8 places from its earlier rank of 135 from Oppurtunity
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2022 index.
Key Highlights of the report: Educational Attainment
At the current rate of progress, it will take 131 years to reach full parity.
Iceland with 91.2% takes the top spot along with Norway (87.9%) and
Health and survival
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Finland (86.3%)
India has attained better parity in education enrolment
However, it has reached only 36.7% parity on Economic Participation and Political Empowerment
Opportunity and 25.3% parity On Political Empowerment.
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Bangladesh (59), China (107), Nepal (116), Sri Lanka (115) and Bhutan (103) fared better than India on Gender parity.
Govt initiatives to improve Gender Parity:
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To improve Economic Participation and Health & Survival: Beti Bachao Beti Padhao, Rashtriya Mahila Kosh,Pradhan Mantri Matru
Vandna Yojna, Sukanya Samriddhi Yojna.
To improve Education attainment: Samagra Shiksha initiative, Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas.
To improve political participation: Govt has reserved 33% of the seats in Panchayati Raj Institutions for women.
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GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL ASSESSMENT AND INDEX (GRAI) 2022 LAUNCHED
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GRAI 2022 is conceptualised and designed by the
Department of Administrative Reforms and Public
Grievances (DARPG), Govt. of India.
It assessed and ranked various departments based on
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a comprehensive index in the dimensions of
Efficiency, Feedback, Domain and Organisational
Commitment and the corresponding 12 indicators.
Eighty-nine Central Ministries and Departments were
assessed and ranked based on a comprehensive index.
GRAI has highlighted that time taken in disposing of
grievances declined from 32 days in 2021 to 18 days in
2023.
Data between January and December 2022, was used
from the Centralised Public Grievance Redressal
and Management System (CPGRAMS).
About CPGRAMS
CPGRAMS is an online platform that aims to enable submission of grievances by the aggrieved citizens from anywhere and anytime
(24x7).
Tracking grievances is facilitated through the system generated unique registration number.
Available in 22 scheduled languages along with English.
In 2022, the Government implemented the 10-step reforms of CPGRAMS
It included Universalization of CPGRAMS 7.0, Technological Enhancements using AI/ML, etc.
BONN CLIMATE MEET CONCLUDED IN DUBAI

It was held to set the agenda and preparation for CoP 28 to be held at Dubai.
Key Discussions during the conference:
A draft framework for Global Stocktake (GST) was released
It is an exercise aimed at assessing countries progress against climate change, and deciding ways and means to enhance global
action against climate change.
The first GST will take place in CoP 28 as mandated by the 2015 Paris agreement.
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The Mitigation Work Programme (MWP): It was set up at COP26 in Glasgow in 2021 for climate action focusing on increasing
emission cuts.
The developing countries complained that the developed countries are yet to offer finance and technology transfers to
achieve their emission targets.
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Loss and Damage Principle: It was a result of CoP27.
Developed and Developing countries were divided on how it would be Related News:
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funded. European Investment Bank, is expected to
The New Collective Qualified Goals (NCQG) which was agreed upon by the back ‘Debt for Nature Swap’ this year
2015 Paris conference for climate financing prior to 2025 is set to miss its Debt for Nature Swap, is an
target. arrangement in which countries cut
The Developed countries are reluctant and called for viewing NCQG as a their debt in return for conservation
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“collective goal” for all developed and developing countries. commitments.
CERN IS HELPING TO BUILD EINSTEIN TELESCOPE GOVT WITHDRAWS DRAFT

The Einstein Telescope Collaboration has entered into an agreement with LIVESTOCK BILL
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CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) for the design of the
detector’s vacuum system. The government has withdrawn ‘the Livestock
Products Bill, 2023’ due to concerns raised by
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Einstein Telescope (ET): animal activists.
It is a proposed underground infrastructure (at least 200 m beneath the surface) As a result the existing Live-stock importation
to host a third-generation, gravitational-wave observatory. Act, 1898, and Live-stock Importation
It is proposed to have a 10km arm length detector over the existing 3km detector (Amendment) Act of 2001 will continue to
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in Virgo. regulate the livestock.
The experiment will send a laser beam down into the 120-km-long Livestock Importation Act 1898:
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triangular-shaped tunnel, which will be then split into two beams reflected by The Central Government has the right to
mirrors. regulate, restrict or prohibit the import of
Improvement over the second generation observatories: any livestock which may be liable to be
infected.
The current LIGO and VIRGO interferometers can detect black hole mergers
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and gravitational waves from 10 bn light-years away. The Customs officers shall have the powers
to implement the Govt’s order.
Whereas the ET is supposed to spot blackhole mergers at the end of the
observable universe at 45 bn light years. The State Government may also make rules
for the imported live-stock within its
Gravitational waves:
jurisdiction.
Gravitational waves The last amendment was done in 2001, which
are 'ripples' in altered the definition of livestock products
space-time caused and also included the provisions of the
by some of the most Customs Act 1962.
violent and Need to Replace the 1898 Act
energetic processes
The earlier Act regulates only importation of
in the Universe. live-stock and does not coved exports.
Proposed by Albert It lacks power to make arrangements for
Einstein in his promotion and development of exports of
general theory of live-stock and live-stock products.
relativity, they were Scope of definition of live-stock is limited,
first observed in it does not include feline and canines.
2015 by the LIGO
To curb zoonotic diseases arising out of
observatory. import and export of livestock.
UNDP AND DAY-NULM ENTERED INTO A COLLABORATIVE PARTNERSHIP

The partnership between UN Development Program and Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Urban Livelihood mission is
aimed at empowering women to make well-informed career choices in the field of entrepreneurship.
Women account for only 15 percent of the total entrepreneurs in India.
It will provide support for women looking to start and expanding their own enterprises, particularly in sectors like care economy,
digital economy, electric mobility, waste management etc.
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It is a three-year project, extendable beyond 2025 and will cover eight cities in the initial phase.
It will aid in developing community business mentors called Biz-Sakhis in selected project locations.
About DAY-NULM:
It is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme being implemented by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
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Objective:
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Aims at universal coverage of the urban poor for skill development and credit facilities.
Strives for skills training of the urban poor for market-based jobs and self-employment, facilitating easy access to credit.
Extends its coverage to all the 4,041 statutory cities and towns, thereby covering most of India’s urban population.
ALSO IN NEWS
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Ministry of Women and Child Development (WMCD) has said that 858 orders of adoptions have been
issued after the implementation of Juvenile Justice (JJ) (Care and Protection of Children)
Amendment Act 2021.
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Key Provisions of the Amendment:
District Magistrates, instead of courts have the power to issue adoption orders under Section 61
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Juvenile Justice (Care of the JJ Act, 2015.
and Protection of They have also been empowered to ensure the completion of the adoption process and support
Children) Amendment children in distress.
Act 2021 Any childcare institution will be registered only after considering the recommendations of the
District Magistrate.
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An American Senator has said he plans to introduce a bill to make India part of the NATO Plus
grouping.
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However, India had earlier already rejected the framework.
NATO Plus (currently NATO Plus 5) is a security arrangement that brings together NATO and five aligned
NATO Plus grouping nations (Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Israel and South Korea) to boost defence and intelligence ties.
The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and the Indian Ministry of Defense (MoD) have launched
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the INDUS-X
It aims to expand the strategic technology partnership and defence industrial cooperation between
governments, businesses, and academic institutions.
It will pay the way to:
Enhance connectivity between American and Indian defence startups.
INDIA-U.S. Defense
Acceleration Ecosystem Explore joint opportunities in high-tech defence innovation, research, and development
(INDUS-X) Strengthen bilateral trade relationships and defense establishment linkages
Creation of Indo-U.S. Joint Innovation Fund for the funding of the defence startups
Recently, tenders floated for implementation of Kalasa Banduri project were put out without
obtaining forest and environment clearance.
About Kalasa-Banduri project:
Aims to divert water from two tributaries of the Mahadayi river (also known as Mandovi): Kalasa and
Banduri to the Malaprabha river.
Mahadayi originates in the Bhimgad Wildlife Sanctuary in Belagavi district of Karnataka, and flows
into the Arabian Sea in Goa.
Kalasa-Banduri project
Entire project aims to construct several dams on the river Mandovi.
Aimed at facilitating drinking water for towns in drought-hit northern Karnataka.

All-India Consumer Price Index Number for Agricultural Labourers and Rural Labourers
(CPI-AL/RL) was released by the Labour Bureau under the Ministry of Labour and Employment.
Base year of CPI-AL/RL is 1986-87.
Consumer Price Index It covers data from 600 sample villages selected from 20 States every month, by the National
Agricultural and Rural Statistical Office (NSO).
Labourers (CPI-AL/RL)
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Location: The Park is located in the Uttarkashi District region of the state of Uttarakhand in
northern India.
Features:
It is known for its mountainous landscape, forests, and glaciers.
Gaumukh glacier, the origin of river Ganges is located inside the park.
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Gangotri National Flora: Pine, Deodar, Fir, spruce, oak, rhododendrons etc.
Park (GNP) Fauna: Blue sheep, black bear, brown bear, Himalayan Monal, Himalayan snowcock, Himalayan
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thar, musk deer and snow leopard etc.
Scientists from IIT-Guwahati have proposed that the use of compost natural clay can neutralise
pathogens in medical waste.
They have observed that while using compacted clays like bentonite and kaolin the Viral
contamination reduces to 99.6%.
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The Biomedical Waste Management Rules 2016, provides the current guidelines for medical
waste management in the country.
Medical Waste
disposal The respective State Pollution Control Board (SPCB)/ Pollution Control Committee is
responsible for its implementation.
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A superconductor is a material that achieves superconductivity, which is a state of matter that
has no electrical resistance and does not allow magnetic fields to penetrate.
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An electric current in a superconductor can persist indefinitely.
Superconductors exhibit Meissner Effect (Expulsion of Magnetic Field), when it is cooled below
the critical temperature.
Superconductor
Applications: Medical diagnosis, super-fast maglev trains etc.
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Scientists at Gujarat Energy Research and Management Institute (GERMI) have developed the
thinnest, lightweight and biodegradable paper-based supercapacitor.
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Supercapacitor is an electrochemical charge storage device with a fast charging/discharging
cycle, high power density and a longer lifecycle.
It has been developed from seaweed (marine macroalgae).
Biodegradable Paper
Seaweed is the common name for countless species of marine plants and algae that grow in the
Supercapacitor ocean as well as in rivers, lakes, and other water bodies.
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Savitribai Jyotirao Phule (1831- 1897)
Savitribai Jyotirao Phule was a prominent social reformer, educationist and poet.
She is credited for founding the first girl’s school in Pune with her husband Jyotirao Phule.
Initiatives
Took effort towards educating and emancipating child widows, campaigned against child
marriage and sati pratha, and advocated for widow remarriage.
She started the Mahila Seva Mandal.
Personality in News Started a care center called ‘Balhatya Pratibandhak Griha.
Associated with a social reform society called ‘Satyashodhak Samaj’ founded by Jyotirao in,
1873.
Values: Compassion, Justice, etc.

23rd JUNE, 2023
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MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE & FARMERS WELFARE (MOA&FW) LAUNCHES PM KISAN
MOBILE APP WITH FACE AUTHENTICATION FEATURE
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Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM- KISAN) scheme has become the
first scheme of government to do e-KYC through facial authentication mobile Additionally, Digi Yatra app, based on Facial
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app. Recognition Technology, user base crosses
the one million marks.
App will enable farmers to complete their e-KYC process by scanning their
face on mobile phones instead of using OTPs or fingerprints. Launched by Ministry of Civil Aviation,
Digi Yatra is conceived to achieve
App resolve difficulties related to Aadhaar verification and updating bank contactless, seamless processing of
account details on PM Kisan Portal through effective use of digital public goods.
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passengers at airports.
PM- KISAN scheme, launched in 2019, is a Central Sector Scheme with 100% It facilitates paperless travel and avoids
funding from Government of India. identity checks at multiple points in an
It is one of the world's largest Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) schemes. airport.
Under it, income support of Rs.6000 per year is provided to all land holding farmer families across country, irrespective of land
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size, in three equal instalments of Rs.2000 every four months.
Face Authentication Process is used to uniquely identify a person based on facial features like distance between eyes, shape of
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cheekbones etc.
It is a part of a larger biometric security tool which includes iris scan, fingerprints etc.
Advantages: Based on facial uniqueness enhances security, Faster process of identification etc.
TELECOM REGULATORY AUTHORITY OF INDIA (TRAI) RELEASES CONSULTATION PAPER
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ON ENCOURAGING INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES THROUGH REGULATORY SANDBOX
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Through consultation paper on “Encouraging Innovative Technologies,
Services, Use Cases, and Business Models through Regulatory Sandbox in Sandboxing framework in digital communication
Digital Communication Sector”, TRAI proposes a draft sandbox framework. sector in India
Draft Indian Telecommunication Bill, 2022 promote
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Sandbox Framework allows companies to test and experiment with new
products and services in a controlled environment where they have innovation by facilitating testing through Sandbox.
access to live environment and real time data. TRAI in Telecom Commercial Communications
Customer Preference Regulations, 2018 set up
It is prominently followed in sectors like FinTech, Banking, Healthcare, Regulatory Sandbox for testing implementation of
Transportation, Energy etc. regulatory checks.
Countries like Bahrain, Columbia, and Saudi Arabia have TRAI in its Consultation Paper on “Leveraging Artificial
implemented sandboxing frameworks in digital communication Intelligence (AI) and Big Data in Telecommunication
sector to promote innovation and entrepreneurship in sector. Sector” emphasized the importance of Regulatory
Sandbox for emerging technologies like AI etc.
Significance of Sandbox Framework
Helps regulators to obtain first-hand empirical evidence on benefits
Avoid glitches
and risks of emerging technologies and their implications. Helps to
when used
identify
Provides access to resources under real-time conditions for testing across mass
potential issues
innovative products and services in digital sector. market
Helps in ensuring compliance and identifying potential issues with the
upcoming new product and services before its commercial deployment.
Ensure
Makes the product more scalable and reliable when used by mass Commercial
Need for
Sandboxing Attract
population. Success of a Framework investment
Helps in minimising capital risks and encourages investment through project
trials.
DEFENCE PARTNERSHIPS SIGNED BETWEEN INDIA AND USA

During India’s Prime Minister’s first State visit to US, strategic defence partnerships between India and USA were signed namely:
India - US Defence Acceleration Ecosystem (INDUS-X).
MoU between General Electric (GE) and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) for manufacture of GE F-414 jet engines in India.
INDUS-X was launched by U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and Indian Ministry of Defense (MoD).
INDUS-X will facilitate joint defence technology innovation, and co-production of advanced defence technology between
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industries of two countries, Indo-US joint innovation fund for funding defence start-ups.
It is a part of US Initiative on Critical and Emerging Technology (iCET) that opens the door for US to lift existing export control
restrictions of defence tech to India.
MoU will facilitate transfer of critical technologies of GE F-414 jet engine from GE to HAL and enable its usage in HAL’s Light
Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas Mk2.
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It is a 30 years old engine tech that is prominently used in war jets of more than 8 countries.
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So far only US, Russia, UK, and France have mastered the technology and with this technology transfer India also gains
access to it.
IMPORTANT OUTCOMES OF INDIA USA MEET AT A INDIA AGREES TO SIGN

GLANCE ARTEMIS ACCORDS, WORK ON
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Joint statement released by India and USA highlighted the following outcome JOINT MISSION WITH NASA
India has decided to join Artemis Accords
NASA and ISRO to develop a strategic which brings like-minded countries together
framework for human spaceflight on civil space exploration.
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cooperation by end of 2023.
Also, NASA and ISRO have agreed to launch a
MoU on Semiconductor Supply Chain and joint mission to International Space Station in
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Innovation Partnership was signed. US will 2024.
Technology Partnership invest up to $825 million in India over the NASA, in coordination with U.S. Department of
same. State, established Artemis Accords in 2020
Introduced Indo-U.S. Quantum together with seven other nations (Australia,
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Coordination Mechanism to facilitate better Canada, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, UAE, and UK).
collaboration among academia and industries. Artemis Accords are a non-binding set of
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principles designed to guide civil space
exploration.
Launched U.S.-India New and Emerging
Renewable Energy Technologies Action Through Artemis program, NASA aims to
Platform to accelerate cooperation in green land first woman and first person of colour
hydrogen and other emerging technologies. on Moon by 2025, with ultimate goal of
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expanding space exploration to Mars and
U.S Agency for International Development is beyond.
Clean Energy Transition to support Indian Railways’ to become a
Artemis program means Acceleration,
“net-zero” carbon emitter by 2030.
Reconnection, Turbulence and
India joins Mineral Security Partnership Electrodynamics of Moon’s Interaction
(MSP) to advance critical energy minerals with the Sun.
supply chains globally, adhering to Principles of Artemis Accord: Use of space for
environmental and social standards. peaceful purposes, transparency,
interoperability, Registration of Space objects,
Preserving space heritage, De-confliction of
Created new Joint Task Force of Association
space, managing space debris.
of American Universities and leading Indian
Future Generations educational institutions to expand research Significance of move
and university partnerships. Both countries will share data, technology,
and resources, and work together to ensure
safety and sustainability of lunar exploration.
US has approved to open two new Help in strengthening the curriculum,
consulates in Bengaluru and Ahmedabad facilities, and training designs for
Consulates and India will open its new consulate in Gaganyaan mission.
Seattle.
India’s space companies could become part
of a global supply chain.
G20 MINISTERS ADVOCATES FOR EQUITABLE, INCLUSIVE USE OF AI IN EDUCATION

At G20 Education Ministers’ Meet held in Pune, ministers have agreed to equitable and inclusive use of Artificial Intelligence (AI)
in education and skilling that respects human rights.
AI in education refers to the application of AI technologies and techniques to enhance and improve learning and educational processes.
Significance of AI in Education Role of AI in the
Accelerate progress towards SDG 4 (provide quality education). Education Industry
Reduce burden from teachers to focus on pedagogical research.
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Reduce regional disparities in accessibility of education. Teacher and AI
Collaboration Universal Access
Promote innovation and entrepreneurship from young age.
Facilitate technology assisted learning. Smart Content
Challenges in adoption of AI in education
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Digital divide due to lack of digital literacy leads to exclusion of weaker section. Content analytics
Lack of properly trained human resource and training modules for teachers. Tutoring
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support
Infrastructure deficit especially in rural area. outside the
Automate admin
Lack of update in evaluation methodology in AI based learning. Intelligent Tutoring
tasks classroom
Initiatives taken to promote AI in Education systems

Virtual faciltators
YUVAi (Youth for Unnati and Vikas with AI) for capacity building of students in application of AI.
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National Education Policy 2020 recommended introduction of AI in school curriculum.
ALSO IN NEWS
Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative Limited (IFFCO), multi-state cooperative society, has started
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exporting world’s first Nano urea invented and manufactured indigenously in India to US.
Nano Urea contains nitrogen, an element critical for plant development, in form of granules. It
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contains nano nitrogen particles of size range (20-50 nm) dispersed in water.
Improved agricultural produce.
Significant reduction in urea imports, government subsidies and logistics cost.
Nano Urea Higher shelf life.
Reduced soil, water and air pollution from urea, improving quality of underground water and
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reduction in global warming.
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It was released by Economist Intelligence Unit’s (EIU).
Index ranked 173 cities based on their liveability or living conditions.
Ranking is based on five factors- stability, healthcare, culture and environment, education and
infrastructure.
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Most weightage is given to culture and environment, and stability.
Global Liveability Key findings:
Index 2023 Vienna, Austria, has been named the best city to live in world for second time in a row.
From India, New Delhi and Mumbai are at 141st position.
World Bank Group has announced a Comprehensive Toolkit to help countries respond quickly and
effectively after Natural Disasters.
Elements of new comprehensive toolkit include:
Pausing debt repayments to focus on meeting urgent needs of rehabilitation.
Redirecting financing to redirect a portion of their funds for emergency response.
Linking crisis preparedness and financing to build emergency systems and have quick-disbursing
Toolkit to Support finance available.
Countries After Natural Backstopping development projects with private sector support by providing new types of
Disasters insurance.
Building enhanced catastrophe insurance without debt by efficient usage of bond.
Ambubachi Mela, four day annual fair, begun at Kamakhya temple located atop the Nilachal hills in
Guwahati, Assam.
It is celebrated to mark the annual menstruation of Goddess Kamakhya (reigning deity).
It also marks as an occasion to promote awareness about menstrual hygiene.
Ambubachi mela Kamakhya Temple is one of the 52 Shakti peeths or Seat of Shakti followers. It is also considered as one
of the prime seats of Tantric rituals.

Prime Minister LGD to US First Lady during his state visit to US.
LGD are developed from a carbon seed placed in a microwave chamber and superheated into a
glowing plasma ball. The process creates particles that crystallize into diamonds in weeks.
LGDs are chemically, physically and optically diamond and thus are difficult to identify as
“lab-grown.”
LGD are produced through 2 technologies, namely High-Pressure High Temperature (HPHT)
Lab Grown Diamond and Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD).
(LGD) Applications of LGD: Jewellery, computer chips, satellites, 5G networks etc.
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Globally, LGD market is expected to rise to $ 5 billion by 2025 from $1 billion in 2020.
Various researches have cast doubt on importance of cord blood in regenerative medicine.
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Regenerative Medicines (Stem Cell Therapy) refers to a group of biomedical approaches to clinical
therapies that may involve the use of stem cells. These approaches use regenerative capabilities
of stem cells.
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It is the process of replacing or "regenerating" human cells, tissues or organs to restore or
Regenerative establish normal function.
Medicine Its major examples are Tissue engineering and Cell therapy.
It has the potential to solve the issue of huge organ deficit.
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Physicists have discovered a new phase of matter called “Chiral Bose liquid State”.
It was discovered when an engineered quantum machine called ‘frustrated machine’ with
bilayers was brought under the influence of a strong external magnetic field.
When quantum matter in chiral bose-liquid state is cooled down to absolute zero (-273.15°C), all
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electrons present freeze in a very predictable way.
Chiral Bose-Liquid There is a uniformity noticed between all the particles of the state when disturbed by an
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State external influence.
This new state can be used to understand the quantum world better.
Florence Nightingale (12 May 1820 – 13 August 1910)
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President of India has presented National Florence Nightingale awards for 2022 and 2023 to
Nurses who provided their exemplary services in each state.
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Indian Nursing Council, a statutory body under Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, grants
Florence Nightingale Award to recognise the contribution of healthcare workers since 1973.
Florence Nightingale known as “The Lady With the Lamp,” was a British nurse, social reformer and
statistician best known as founder of modern nursing as she established first scientific nursing
Personality in school in London (1860).
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news She was the first woman elected as a Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society (1858)
Belize (Capital: Belmopan)

World Health Organization (WHO) has certified Belize
as malaria-free.
Country located on northeast coast of Central
America.
Situated south of Yucatán Peninsula.
Bounded by Mexico (north), Guatemala (west and
south), and Caribbean Sea (east).
Places in News Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System, inscribed as a
UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996.
Belize is a land of mountains, swamps, and
tropical jungle.
Highest point: Doyle's Delight.
Major Mountain ranges: Maya Mountain.
Major Rivers: Belize River, Hondo River.

24th JUNE, 2023
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INDIA-USA JOINT STATEMENT DURING THE OFFICIAL STATE VISIT OF PM TO USA
Key highlights of the statement
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Areas About
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Critical Minerals India to join Mineral Security Partnership (MSP), a US-led collaboration of 14 countries that aims to
supply chains catalyse public and private investment in critical mineral supply chains globally.
Interagency-led Strategic Trade Dialogue will be launched in June 2023.
Micron Technology, Inc., to build a new semiconductor assembly and test facility in India.
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Technology Launch of taskforces on Open Radio Access Network (ORAN) systems, a disaggregated and
interoperable telecom network.
35 innovative joint research collaborations in emerging technologies.
Launch of India-U.S New and Emerging Renewable Energy Technologies Action Platform to accelerate
cooperation in green hydrogen, offshore and onshore wind etc.
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Clean Energy MOU under which U.S. Agency for International Development will support Indian Railways’ ambitious
Transition target to become a "net-zero” carbon emitter by 2030.
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Creation of a payment security mechanism that will help India deploy 10,000 made-in-India electric
buses.
US will join the Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative (IPOI), a regional initiative to promote a safe, secure, and
Cooperation in the
stable maritime domain.
Indo-Pacific
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IPOI was launched in 2019 by India’s PM at the East Asia Summit held in Bangkok.
Developing a India-U.S Global Digital Development Partnership to enable development and
Global Growth
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deployment of Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) in developing countries.
Indo-US Global Challenge Institutes for research partnerships and people-to-people exchanges between a
Others
range of diverse institutions in sustainable agriculture, clean energy, health and pandemic preparedness etc.
For information on other areas of cooperation announced between India-US, Kindly refer News Today dated 23rd June, 2023.
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CENTRAL GOVERNMENT AMENDS ELECTRICITY (RIGHTS OF CONSUMERS) RULES, 2020
Electricity (Rights of Consumers) Rules, 2020 were notified by the government to provide reliable services and quality electricity to
consumers.
Rules seeks to ensure that
New electricity connections, refunds and other services are given in time-bound manner.
Willful disregard to consumer rights results in levying of penalties on service providers and payment of compensation to consumers.
Ministry of power has now has introduced Electricity (Rights of Consumers) Amendment Rules, 2023 to bring following changes:
Changes About
Rather than being charged for electricity at same rate at all times of the day, price for electricity will vary
according to the time of day.
Introduction of Time Power Tariff to be 20% less during Solar Hours (duration of eight hours in a day as specified by State
of Day (ToD) Tariff Electricity Regulatory Commission), 10%-20% Higher during Peak Hours.
It will enable consumers to reduce electricity bills and will help power system to use resources more
efficiently.
Amendment made in
Post installation of a smart meter, no penal charges will be imposed on a consumer based on maximum
smart metering
demand recorded by the smart meter for the period before installation date.
provision
DRUGS TECHNICAL ADVISORY BOARD (DTAB) RECOMMEND BAN ON TWO MORE

DRUGS HARMFUL FOR VULTURES
DTAB agreed to prohibit manufacture, sale and distribution of drugs Ketoprofen and Aceclofenac for treatment of livestock animals
to conserve vultures.
It is part of Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) in Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
It recommends to the Ministry on policy decisions related to the technical aspects of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act and Rules.
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Ketoprofen, Aceclofenac, Diclofenac and Nimesulide are Non-steroidal Anti Inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used in veterinary
practice that have been proven toxic to vultures and other birds of prey.
Diclofenac is already banned by India.
Some NSAIDs are not fully metabolized by vultures and cause damage to the birds’ kidneys.
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Treated cattle metabolize NSAIDs within 3-4 days of treatment and therefore do not pose a threat to vultures if they die after
such a period has lapsed.
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A total of nine species of vultures are found in India. These are:
Oriental White-backed Vulture, Slender billed Vulture, Long billed Vulture, Egyptian Vulture, Red Headed Vulture, Indian Griffon
Vulture, Himalayan Griffon, Cinereous Vulture and Bearded Vulture or Lammergeier.
INDIA AND U.S. TO END THEIR

Population of White-backed Vulture, Slender billed Vulture and Long billed
Vulture (all three Critically Endangered) has declined drastically over the past
SIX TRADE DISPUTES AT THE
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decades.
ONLY 5% OF INDIA’S COAL-BASED THERMAL POWER WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION

CAPACITY MEETS SO2 EMISSIONS NORMS: CENTRE (WTO)
FOR SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENT (CSE) REPORT
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Six disputes, include three initiated by India
In 2015, Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change notified and as many by US, represents certain key
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environmental norms for particulate matter (PM), sulphur dioxides (SO2), sectors of the economy such as steel,
nitrogen oxides and mercury and water use for coal based thermal power plants aluminium, renewable energy, solar
(TPPs). products etc.
Coal TPPs contribute to over half SO2 concentration, 30% oxides of Move will help further boost two-way
nitrogen, 20% PM in the ambient air. commerce and strengthen economic ties.
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Deadlines for compliance with emission norms have been revised (refer table In 2022-23 U.S. was the largest trading
for latest deadlines) several times. partner of India.
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Compliance with norms requires retrofitting existing TPPs with auxiliaries, to There are two main ways to settle a dispute
control emissions, such as Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD), Selective Catalytic once a complaint has been filed in WTO:
Reduction etc.
Parties find a mutually agreed solution,
Process of eliminating sulphur compounds from the exhaust emissions of particularly during the phase of bilateral
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fossil-fuelled (coal-fired) power plants is known as FGD. consultations.
This is accomplished by including absorbent materials, which can eliminate
Through adjudication, including the
up to 95% of sulphur from flue gas by scrubbing.
subsequent implementation of panel and
National Electricity Plan (NEP) for 2022-32 cited various factors that may have Appellate Body reports.
delayed the implementation of norms including:
There are three main stages to the WTO
Dependency on external market for some FGD components, novelty of the dispute settlement process
technology for Indian market and COVID-19 pandemic.
Consultations between the parties;
Category Criteria Deadline for Deadline If both sides are not able to resolve the
of Coal parameters other for SO2 matter through consultation, either of
based TPPs than SO2 emissions emissions them can approach for establishment of a
Within 10 km radius of the dispute settlement panel.
National Capital Region (NCR)
A End of 2022 End of 2024 Adjudication by panels whose ruling or
or cities having million-plus
report can be challenged by WTO's
population.
appellate body; and
Within 10 km radius of critically
At present, functioning of appellate body
polluted areas or
End of 2023 End of 2025 is impacted in the backdrop of USA
B non-attainment cities (not
blocking appointments to Appellate
meeting National Ambient Air
Body.
Quality Standards).
Remaining plants End of 2024 End of 2026 Implementation of the ruling.
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TITAN SUBMERSIBLE SUBJECT TO A CATASTROPHIC IMPLOSION

US Navy stated it detected sounds "consistent with an implosion"
shortly after submersible lost contact during a descent to Titanic
wreck at 3,800m (12,467ft) below sea level.
In explosion pressure builds up in a contained space until
energy is released violently causing debris to project outwards.
Whereas in implosion, pressure builds up over a structure (For
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example from Water) until it crushes inward causing debris to
collapse inward.
Deep-sea water pressure appears to have crushed submersible.
At sea level, pressure inside our lungs is the same as pressure of air around us, 1.033 kilograms on each square centimeter, or one
"atmosphere" of pressure.
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Pressure increase with the depth of the sea. For every 33 feet (10.06 meters) , pressure increases by one atmosphere.
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Experts are also suggesting potential safety problems with Titan submersible.
Its hull - surrounding hollow part where passengers sit - was mainly made from carbon fibre, largely untested for deep sea vessels.
Hull of a deep-diving sub is usually spherical for receiving an equal amount of pressure at every point, but Titan's hull was
tube-shaped therefore pressure was not equally distributed.
ALSO IN NEWS
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India and Belgium have signed MLATs in criminal matters to help both countries to execute each
other’s search warrants and summons against fugitives wanted by individual investigating agencies.
MLATs is a mechanism whereby countries cooperate with one another to provide and obtain formal
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assistance to ensure that the criminals do not escape or sabotage the due process of law.
Mutual Legal Assistance Ministry of Home Affairs is the nodal ministry for executing court orders under the MLATs.
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Treaties (MLATs) Section 105 of Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) explains the reciprocal arrangements to be made.
According to RBI bulletin, Indian rupee was turning out to be one of the most stable currencies with
implied volatility at its lowest level since 2008.
Implied volatility is the metric that captures the market’s view of likelihood of fluctuations in its value.
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However, it doesn't predict the direction in which the price change will proceed.
Implied volatility It can often be thought to be a proxy of market risk.
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Decision is in line with emphasis laid in Foreign Trade Policy 2023 on facilitating export of high
tech items.
Civilian drone (ranges less than 25 km and payload less than 2 km) will now be subject to General
Authorization for Export of Drones (GAED), a one-time general license valid for three years.
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Government liberlised Earlier, All kinds of drones and UAVs were restricted for export under Special Chemicals
drone and UAV export Organisms Material Equipments and Technology (SCOMET) list.
for civilian use SCOMET list subject to specific regulations due to their potential dual-use nature.
It is the maiden report of Energy Data Management Unit, under Bureau of Energy Efficiency.
Key highlights
Total estimated reserves of coal (caters to almost half of India’s energy requirement) as of 2022
were 361411.46 MT (Millon Tonnes).
India’s crude oil production has declined from 36.01 MT 2016-17 to 29.69 MT in 2021-2022.
National Energy Data:
From 2016-17 to 2021-22 India’s domestic production of LPG has grown at a CAGR of 2%.
Survey and Analysis
2021-22 In 2016-17, India exported 26% of its domestic production of diesel, while this share increased
to 30% in 2021-22
L&T, DRDO sign contract to build AIP modules for Scorpene class submarines.
AIP is a marine propulsion technology that allows non-nuclear submarines to operate without
access to atmospheric oxygen.
It allows submarines to stay for longer hours in water.
It decreases the noise levels made by submarines.
Air Independent Indigenous AIP propulsion system by DRDO is a modular system that can be easily configured
Propulsion (AIP) System for any conventional submarine platform.
Modules
It relies on the innovative Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell technology.

Scientists explored nutraceutical properties of Joha rice (a GI Tag rice from Assam) and detected
two unsaturated fatty acids: linoleic acid (omega-6) and linolenic (omega-3) acid.
Joha rice has a more balanced ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 in comparison to widely consumed
non-scented variety.
Joha is a short-grain winter paddy known for its significant aroma and taste.
Joha varieties are mostly short or medium grained and have very low yield potential.
Joha Rice
It is effective in lowering blood glucose and preventing diabetes onset.
It is also rich in several antioxidants, flavonoids, and phenolics.
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IIT Kanpur conducts test flight for cloud seeding.
Deliberate introduction into clouds of various material/ chemical that act as condensation nuclei in
an attempt to induce precipitation is called cloud seeding.
Cloud seeding material, including sodium chloride, silver iodide, dry ice (carbon dioxide), potassium
A
iodide, propane etc., bonds to water vapour particles that make up a cloud.
Cloud Seeding Combined particles (Seeding material and water vapour) are a little bigger and in turn attracts more
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water vapor particles until they form droplets, which eventually become heavy enough to fall as rain.
Residents of Madhya Pradesh’s tribal-dominated Alirajpur and Jabhua districts will get
colour-coded cards showing extent of sickle cell anaemia.
SCD is a type of haemoglobin disorders, inherited blood diseases that affect how oxygen is carried in
the body.
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SCD is characterized by a modification in the shape of the red blood cell from a smooth,
donut-shape into a crescent or half-moon shape.
Sickle Cell Disease
Misshapen cells lack plasticity and can block small blood vessels, impairing blood flow.
(SCD)
This condition leads to shortened red blood cell survival, and subsequent anaemia, often called
sickle-cell anaemia.
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PM gifted a first edition print of book “The Ten Principal Upanishads” (from 1937) to US President.
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Book is translated from Sanskrit by Shri Purohit Swami and Irish poet WB Yeats (won Nobel
Prize in Literature in 1923).
Upanishads, also known as Vedanta, speculate about ontological connection between humanity
and cosmos.
Two broad categories of texts are: shruti (“revealed”) and smriti (“remembered”).
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Shruti consists of four Vedas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas and Upanishads.
Upanishads
Dated to roughly 800-500 BC, Upanishads discuss concepts such as transmigration.
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Ten main (or principal) Upanishads: Esha, Kena, Katha, Prashna, Mundaka, Mandukya, Taittiriya,
Aitareya, Chandogya, Brihadaranyaka.
Pilgrimage on Shikoku links 88 Buddhist temples, each of which

claims a connection to Buddhist monk Kukai who is credited with
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founding Shingon Buddhism.
Shikoku is the smallest of Japan’s four main islands (Hokkaido,
Honshu, and Kyushu are other three).
Shikoku lies south of the main island of Honshu.
It is bordered to south by Pacific Ocean. Shikoku has no
Shikoku island volcanoes, but it does have a huge rift valley.
Highest point: Mt. Ishizuchi.
Rivers: Yoshino, and Shimanto (Japan’s only undammed waterway).
Shankar Trimbak Dharmadhikari

Famously known as Dada Dharmadhikari, he was an Indian freedom fighter and Gandhian thinker.
Political contributions:
Participated in Non-Cooperation Movement and Quit India Movement;
An active member of 'Gandhi Seva Sangh';
Elected to Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly and the Constituent Council.
Social contributions:
Devoted majority of his time to the advancement of Dalits and women.
Personality in Advocated for an ideological revolution.
News Had a very close association with Acharya Vinoba Bhave and Participated in the 'Bhoodan
Movement'.
Ethical Values: Compassionate, Kindness, Integrity, Non-violence etc.

25th & 26th JUNE, 2023
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INDIAN PRIME MINISTER’S STATE VISIT TO EGYPT
Key highlights
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Both sides signed an agreement to elevate the bilateral relationship to a
“Strategic Partnership”.
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Strategic partnership will have broadly four elements i.e., political, defense,
and security; economic engagement; scientific and academic collaboration;
and cultural and people-to-people contacts.
Three MoU in fields of agriculture, archaeology and antiquities, and
competition law were also signed.
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Indian Prime Minister conferred with ‘Order of the Nile’ award, the Egypt’s
highest state honour.
Prime Minister visited Al Hakim mosque, 11th-century mosque in Cairo, an
important cultural site for Dawoodi Bohra community.
Significance of Egypt for India
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Geopolitical: Egypt is significant to multilateral forums comprising developing countries, such as Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
and G77.
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Geostrategic: Egypt is strategically located, making it a hub for trade routes between Europe, Africa, and Asia. 12 percent of
global trade passes through Suez Canal.
Boost Defence Industries: Egypt is interested in procuring defense equipment from India, which includes Light Combat Airacraft
Tejas, missiles like Akash, etc.
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Bilateral trade expanded rapidly in 2021-22, amounting to 7.26 billion in favor of India.
Energy Security: Egypt is an oil and gas exporter.
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US TO RETURN OVER 100 INDIAN ANTIQUITIES
US government has decided to return more than 100 Indian antiquities that had been stolen from India.
Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty (MLAT) in Criminal Matters between India and US allows for mutual assistance on antiquities
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repatriation.
MLATs is a mechanism whereby countries cooperate with one another to provide
and obtain formal assistance to ensure that criminals do not escape or sabotage the
due process of law.
Ministry of Home Affairs is nodal ministry for executing court orders under MLATs.
Some of these antiquities such as Shiva, Parvathi, Nataraja etc. belong to Chola-era
temples in Tamil Nadu.
Antiquities and Art Treasures Act (AATA), 1972 makes the export of such items without
licence, from Archaeological Survey of India, a criminal offence.
Also, Customs Act 1962 prevents the export of antiquities.
Chola Bronze Nataraja sculpture (refer image), dancing Shiva, is presiding deity of
Chola dynasty.
Upper right hand holds damaru (hand drum that made first sounds of creation).
Upper left hand holds agni (fire that will destroy the universe).
Lower right hand makes abhayamudra (gesture that allays fear).
Dwarflike figure being trampled by his right foot represents apasmara purusha
(illusion, which leads mankind astray).
Front left hand, pointing to his raised left foot, signifies refuge for troubled soul.
PARIS FINANCE MEET: SUMMIT FOR A NEW GLOBAL FINANCING PACT CONCLUDED
Summit's objective is to boost crisis financing for low-income states and ease their debt burdens, reform post-war financial systems
and free up funds to tackle climate change.
Key announcement made at summit
An additional lending capacity of $200 billion of Multi-Development Banks (MDBs) would be unlocked for emerging economies.
World Bank announced disaster clauses for debt deals that would suspend debt payment in case of extreme weather events.
$100bn is to be provided to poorer countries through SDRs (an international reserve provided by IMF).
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Recycling of SDRs from rich countries to poor countries has been proposed to expand the amount of concessional finance to
developing countries.
New 2.5 billion Euro Just Energy Transition Partnerships (JETP) deal was announced for Senegal to increase renewable share in
energy mix.
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Momentum on polluter taxes accelerated. Pollution tax is a tax levied on persons who pollute environment.
Proposed a Global Expert Review on Debt, Nature, and Climate to assess impact of debt on low- and medium-income countries'
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capacity.
EU unveiled a call to action on ‘Paris Aligned Carbon Markets’ with the goal of covering at least 60 percent of global emissions
with carbon pricing mechanisms.
Long overdue $100 billion climate finance goal will be delivered this year (2023). FIRST ABORT MISSION OF
‘GAGANYAAN’ TO BE
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US GRANTS APPROVAL TO MAKE AND SELL CONDUCTED IN AUGUST-END:
CELL-CULTIVATED CHICKEN
ISRO CHAIRMAN
Cellular agriculture is the
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process by which Abort missions are meant to test the
animal-based products are systems that can help the crew escape
from spacecraft mid-flight in case of a
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produced directly from cell
cultures rather than from failure.
animals. In 2018, ISRO had already conducted a
It comprises two different pad abort test where the crew can
approaches: cell escape from spacecraft in case of an
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cultivation (cellular) and emergency at launch pad.
precision fermentation For abort missions, ISRO has developed
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(acellular- contain no test vehicles that can send the
cellular or living material in systems up to a certain height,
final product like Milk). simulate failure, and then check
In 2020, Singapore escape system.
became the first country Gaganyaan’s escape system was
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to approve the sale of designed with five “quick-acting”
cell-cultivated meat. solid fuel motors with a high burn rate
Benefits of cell-cultivated meat propulsion system, and fins to maintain
stability. This system will be separated
Reduce GHGs emissions: from crew module.
FAO has estimated that
global livestock is Gaganyaan mission aims to demonstrate
responsible for 14.5% of all anthropogenic GHGs emissions. indigenous capability to undertake
human space flight missions to Low
Compared to conventional beef, lab-grown meat requires 45% less energy use. Earth Orbit (LEO) at altitude of 400km.
Animal Rights will be protected. As part of it, two unmanned missions
Without changing dietary habits, it provides Nutritional security. and one manned mission are
approved by the government.
It can be customised to be healthier than their animal counterpart, such as being
designed to contain less fat. LVM3 (Geosynchronous Satellite
Launch Vehicle Mk III) is identified as
Challenges associated with cell-cultivated meat the launch vehicle for Gaganyaan
Cost of cell-cultivated meat is expected to remain high in the near future. mission. It consists of solid stage,
liquid stage and cryogenic stage.
Resource Constraints like availability of high quality cells, suitable growth-medium.
Until now, only US, Russia and China
Difficulty in replicating taste, texture, fat content like bovine meat.
have managed to send manned
Uncertainty of consumer acceptance due to lack of awareness. missions to outer space.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN START-UP

India's G20 Sherpa, Amitabh Kant, along with others released a Start-Up Governance Playbook, prepared by Indian Venture and Alternate
Capital Association in partnership with Deloitte India.
Corporate governance is the system of rules, practices, and processes by which a company is directed and controlled.
Benefits of good corporate governance: Improved financial performance, better accountability, attracting and retaining investors,
enhancing reputation and brand value, and proactive risk management.
Need for corporate governance in Start-up
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Unconventional nature: Start-ups focus beyond conventional strategies for smart solutions to problems in a cost-effective manner.
Young age of founders, limited business exposure, and short-term interests like funding rather than long-term sustainability.
Sectoral omnipresence: They are present in almost every conceivable space.
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Large and growing numbers: There are now 98,000 registered start-ups and 108 unicorns.
Recommendation for good corporate governance in start-ups
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Laid out clear norms of start-up self-regulation from inception to early, evolving, growing and mature stage.
Code of ethics and conduct should be adopted.
Expanding the board by adding an independent director.
Organizational purpose and values should be defined so that people can relate to it.
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External and internal audit for financial lapses.
ALSO IN NEWS
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HQ:
National Centre of Good Governance (NCGG)
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New Delhi
Genesis: Set up in 2014 under Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and

Pensions.
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Governing Body: Headed by Cabinet Secretary.
National Centre of
Good Governance Objective: Improve governance, policy reforms, capacity building and training of
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(NCGG) civil servants and technocrats of India and other developing countries.
Function as a national repository of information on best practices, initiatives and
methodologies that promote good governance.
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India achieved 101 Million Metric Standard Cubic Metres per Day in gas production, significant
step towards becoming GBE.
Status of Gas Based Economy
Production of natural gas in India is not sufficient to meet our requirement. Therefore, around
50 percent of our demand is met through import of LNG.
Gas Based Economy India aims to increase the share of natural gas in India’s primary energy basket to 15 percent
(GBE) (presently 6.3 percent in 2021).
India’s gas demand is expected to be driven by fertilizer, power, city gas distribution, and steel
sectors.
NGT has appointed a High Level Committee (HLC) which identifies three focus areas to expedite
the clean-up of Yamuna River (major tributary of river Ganges). Focus areas are
Delinking of sewerage lines and storm water drains.
Prevention of dumping of waste from 1o major bridges.
De-silting of sewer lines below 1,000 millimetre (mm) in diameter.
National Green Tribunal NGT, statutory body, is established under NGT Act 2010. It is guided by principles of natural
(NGT) panel on Yamuna justice.
River Important tributaries of Yamuna River are Tons, Chambal, Hindon, Betwa and Ken.

As per researchers, tundra diversity, including plants, lichens, and fungi, declined due to warming
temperatures mediated by the disappearance of sea ice.
However, presence of large herbivores such as caribou and musk oxen slowed this decline.
About Tundra Biome
It is the coldest of the biomes.
Tundra It is found in regions just below ice caps of Arctic, extending across North America, to Europe,
and Siberia in Asia.
Vegetation: Mosses, sedges, lichens, etc.
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Animals: Musk ox, Arctic hare, polar bear, Arctic fox, caribou, etc.
High prey density was recorded in Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary of Odisha.

It is located near the reservoir of Hirakud Dam, built on Mahanadi River.
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Important Fauna: Indian Bison’s, Tiger, Leopard, Wild Boars, Sambhar and Chausingha
Debrigarh Wildlife
Sanctuary Important Flora: Dry Deciduous forest species like Palas, Kher, Bel etc.
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More than 100 Cows have died of LSD in Meghalaya.
LSD is an infectious viral disease mainly affecting cattles, causing fever, nodules on skin and
occasionally death.
It also causes reduced milk yield of animals.
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Originally found in Africa, it has also spread to countries in Middle East, Asia, and Eastern Europe.
Lumpy Skin
It is transmitted by blood-feeding insects, such as certain species of flies and mosquitoes, or ticks.
Disease (LSD)
Its spread can be controlled through attenuated virus vaccines.
Researchers have revealed global observations of auroras associated with carbon dioxide using
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satellites.
Auroras are caused by interaction of charged particles (electrons and protons) of solar wind with
atoms of upper atmosphere.
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When charged particles crash into planet’s atmosphere, they interact with many different atoms
and molecules including Carbon dioxide.
When CO2 molecules about 90 km above Earth become excited during an aurora, they emit
Auroras infrared radiation.
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Aurora occurs primarily in high latitudes of both hemispheres.
Polar lights (aurora polaris) are a natural phenomenon found in both the northern and
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southern hemispheres.
Guinea-Bissau (Capital: Bissau)
Guinea-Bissau exports almost the entire cashew crop
(around 98 percent) to India for processing.
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Bounded by Senegal (north), Guinea (east and south),
and Atlantic Ocean (west).
It includes Bijagós (Bissagos) archipelago and other
islands that lie off the coast.
Major River: Geba, Corubal.
Highest point: Dongol Ronde.
Mali (Capital: Bamako)

Places in News UN Mission backs constitutional referendum in Mali.
Landlocked country of western Africa.
Bounded by Algeria (north), Niger and Burkina Faso
(east), Côte d’Ivoire and Guinea (south), and Senegal
and Mauritania (west).
Landscape is largely flat and monotonous.
Major River: Niger, Sénégal.
Terrain: Savannah and desert.
Highest point: Hombori Tondo.

27th JUNE, 2023
CENTRE APPROVES RS. 56,415 CRORE TO 16 STATES FOR CAPITAL INVESTMENT UNDER
‘SPECIAL ASSISTANCE TO STATES FOR CAPITAL INVESTMENT 2023-24’ SCHEME
Under the scheme (announced in 2023-24 budget), State Governments will get special assistance in the form of 50-year interest
free loan up to an overall sum of Rs. 1.3 lakh crore during the financial year 2023-24.
Capital expenditure refers to outlay of government funds in the form of investments or development spending towards creation
of assets for the long term.
Importance of Capital expenditure: generates revenue, generate demand in the economy, attract private investments, enhances
labour participation, enhances productive capacity of the economy etc.
Scheme for financial assistance to States for capital investment/expenditure was first instituted by Ministry of Finance in 2020-21 in
the wake of COVID-19 Pandemic.
Scheme was also executed in the last financial year.
Scheme has following parts
Part About
I Rs. 1 lakh crore has been allocated amongst States in proportion to their share of central taxes & duties as per the
award of the 15th Finance Commission.
II Incentive for scrapping Old vehicles
III Urban Planning Reforms
IV Financing reforms in Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) to make them creditworthy for Municipal Bonds and for issue of
Municipal Bonds.
V Housing for Police personnel above or as part of police stations in urban areas.
VI Construction of Unity malls
VII Children and adolescents libraries with digital infrastructure at Panchayat and Ward level.
VIII Incentive for Just-in-time release of Centrally Sponsored Schemes funds by state governments
NEW GLOBAL NORMS ASK FIRMS TO DISCLOSE MATERIAL EMISSIONS, CLIMATE FINANCE TO
MITIGATE GREENWASHING
Norms, by International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB), will set uniform sustainability and climate standards for companies
to follow worldwide from 2024.
Individual countries would decide whether to apply the standards to the listed companies.
ISSB was created by International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Foundation, a non-profit organisation governing
international accounting rules.
New standards are:
IFRS S1: sets out disclosure requirements designed to enable companies to communicate to investors about the
sustainability-related risks and opportunities they face.
IFRS S2: sets out specific climate-related disclosures and is designed to be used with IFRS S1.
ISSB norms build on voluntary ones from G20’s Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD).
Financial Stability Board (FSB) created TCFD to improve reporting of climate-related financial information.
FSB is an international body (India a member) that monitors and makes recommendations about global financial system.
New standards would help to crack down on greenwashing- a practice of making false, misleading, unsubstantiated claims about the
sustainability of a product, service, or business operation.
Currently , poor quality of data and lack of common standards allows companies to overstate their climate credentials.
NOBEL LAUREATE AND CO-INVENTOR OF LITHIUM-ION (LI-ION) BATTERIES, JOHN

BANNISTER GOODENOUGH, PASSES AWAY
Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019 was awarded jointly to Goodenough, M. Stanley
Whittingham and Akira Yoshino for the development of Li-ion batteries.
A Li-ion battery is a family of rechargeable battery types in which lithium ions
move from the negative electrode to positive electrode during discharge and
back when charging.
Materials used as electrodes include: lithium cobalt oxide (cathode), most
commonly found in portable electronic devices; lithium manganese oxide (used
in electric automobiles), and lithium iron phosphate.
Goodenough developed a lithium battery with a cathode of cobalt oxide.
This cathode gave a higher voltage than earlier batteries.
Li-ion batteries typically use ether (a class of organic compounds) as an
electrolyte.
Advantages of Li-ion battery: light weight and has high energy density, have 5000 cycles or more compared to just 400- 500 cycles
in lead acid batteries, comparatively low maintenance, low self-discharge rate, no memory effect etc.
Memory effect is a process where repeated partial discharge/charge cycles can cause a battery to ‘remember’ a lower capacity.
Disadvantages of Li-ion battery: High-price, tendency to overheat, can lead to thermal runaway and combustion, require safety
mechanisms to limit voltage and internal pressures etc.
SEBI RELEASES COMPLIANCE RULES FOR REITs, DIGITAL PUBLISHER CONTENT

InvITs GRIEVANCES COUNCIL (DPCGC)
SEBI announced disclosure formats for compliance reports on governance
TELLS OTT PLATFORM TO TAKE
and annual secretarial for infrastructure investment trusts (InvITs) and real DOWN CONTENT
estate infrastructure trusts (REITs).
Acting on a complaint against obscene
About REITs and InvITs nature of the content being streamed,
REITs are listed entities which own, operate and manage DPCGC has recommended punitive action
buildings/properties for generating income. on the platform invoking IT (Intermediary
Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code)
InvITs are investment scheme like mutual funds that allow investment
Rules (IT Rules), 2021.
from individuals and institutional investors in infrastructure projects to
earn a portion of income as return. DPCGC is an independent self-regulatory
body for online curated content providers.
Both InvITs and REITs provide different types of returns to investors –
Dividend Income and Capital Gains- with each type of income having a It has been set up under the aegis of
different tax treatment. Internet and Mobile Association of India
(IAMAI).
Any dividend or interest income is completely taxable as per Income
Tax Slab rate. DPCGC is registered by Ministry of
Information & Broadcasting as a Level-II
InvITs and REITs now recognised as borrowers under Securitisation and
Self-Regulatory Body, under IT rules 2021.
Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Securities Interest
(SARFAESI) Act. Government in 2021, replaced decade-old
regulations on social media intermediaries
Benefits of REITs and InvITs
(SMIs) with the IT Rules, 2021 with an aim to
Enable developers to monetise their revenue-generating real place obligations on SMIs to ensure an
estate/infrastructure assets and release capital for funding new projects. open, safe and trusted internet.
Allow investors to invest in these assets without owning them. IT rules, 2021 were later amended in 2022
Professional management ensures smooth operations. to further protect rights of citizens,
strengthen the grievance redressal
Limitations of REITs and InvITs: limited number of funds limits choice of
framework etc.
investors, taxable dividend and income, low liquidity as market participants still
low etc. IT Rules, 2021 proposes a three-tier
structure for ensuring observance and
RELATED NEWS adherence to the Code of Ethics:
SEBI approved a framework for Application Supported by Blocked Level I - Self-regulation by the publishers.
Amount (ASBA) like facility being made available to investors for secondary Level II – Self-regulation by the
market trading, like the process for IPO. self-regulating bodies of the publishers.
In ASBA investor funds remain blocked in their own bank accounts Level III - Oversight mechanism by the
instead of being passed on to broker until execution of purchase order. Central Government
ALPHABET BETS ON LASERS TO DELIVER INTERNET IN REMOTE AREAS

Alphabet, parent company of Google, under Project Taara is currently deploying their light beam internet technology in India,
Africa, and other locations around the world.
Project Taara utilises Free Space Optical Communication (FSOC) technology where free space acts as a communication channel
between transceivers that are in line-of-sight.
It uses beams of light to deliver high-speed, high-capacity connectivity over long distances.
It can transmit data at high speeds of up to 20 Gbps bidirectional through up to 20 km distances.
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FSOC refers to outdoor optical wireless communication (OWC ), whereas short distance (largely indoors) OWC is called light
Fidelity (LiFi).
LiFi uses light within Visible Light Spectrum to Invisible light spectrum to transmit data.
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Advantages of FSOC technology: cost-effective and quickly deployable, can transmit data at high speeds, effective in areas that are
difficult to connect using fiber cables etc.
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Challenges faced: signal reliability is compromised by conditions like fog and haze, or interruptions like birds flying in front of the signal;
requires better mirror controls and motion detection capabilities etc.
Earlier Alphabet tried to deliver internet through Project Loon, which aimed at utilising stratospheric balloons for internet
connectivity.
ALSO IN NEWS
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India and Russia are keen to make the
Chennai-Vladivostok maritime route operational.
During the 2019 visit, PM signed a Memorandum of
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Intent on Development of Maritime Communications
between Port of Vladivostok and Port of Chennai
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Route passes through Sea of Japan, South China Sea,
and Malacca Strait.
Chennai-Vladivostok It will bring down transport time to 12 days, almost
maritime route a third of what is taken under the existing St.
Petersburg to Mumbai route.
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Also, costs are expected to come down by about 30%.
Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) has made several amendments (applicable from 1 October
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2023) under which Charitable institutions have to:
Mention whether the activities undertaken are charitable, religious, or both to claim tax benefits.
Furnish details of donations received over Rs 2 lakh in a single day.
Under I-T law, income of charitable institutions and religious trusts, and medical and educational
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Income Tax (I-T) Rules institutions are exempt from tax.
amendment for Charitable
However, these institutions are required to seek registration from I-T department.
institutions
Earlier, Union Budget 2023-24 announced several changes in tax treatment of charitable trusts.
Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying (DAHD) has introduced the portal to expedite
regulatory process for approval of animal drugs and vaccines.
DAHD has developed the portal through C-DAC in coordination with Central Drugs Standard
Control Organization (CDSCO).
It is intended to increase the awareness about livestock diseases and also to increase the usage
NANDI(NOC Approval for of veterinary drugs.
New Drug and Inoculation It is to be streamlined with CDSCOs SUGAM portal.
System) Portal Sugam builds a comprehensive database of the various permissions and licenses issued by
State FDAs.
Flash flood refers to a flood caused by heavy or excessive rainfall in a short period of time,
generally less than 6 hours.
They can also occur even if no rain has fallen, for instance after a levee or dam has failed.
In India, flash floods are often associated with cloudbursts – sudden, intense rainfall in a short
period of time.
Flash floods As per IMD, if 10 cm rainfall is received at a station in one hour, rain event is termed as cloud
burst.

Ministry of Power established UTPRERAK, a Centre of Excellence to Accelerate Adoption of

Energy Efficient Technologies in Indian Industry.
It has been set up by the Bureau of Energy efficiency (BEE).
Centre would implement and support projects in areas such as training/capacity building,
showcase for energy efficient technologies, information centre and knowledge repository etc.
UTPRERAK (Unnat Takniki
Centre is mandated to become the key reference and resource institution on industrial
Pradarshan Kendra)
energy-efficient technologies.
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Ministry of Agriculture has signed an MoU with a private firm for usage of HRS data for crop
mapping, crop stage discrimination, crop health monitoring.
HRS, also known as imaging spectroscopy, involves extracting information from objects or
scenes that lie on Earth's surface due to radiance obtained by airborne or spaceborne sensors.
Hyperspectral While traditional remote sensing captures data in a few discrete spectral bands.
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remote sensing (HRS) HRS collects data in many narrow and contiguous bands, allowing for detailed spectral
technology information to be obtained for location in the scene.
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Organic intellectual
Term "organic intellectual" was coined by Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci.
Gramsci defined Organic intellectuals are those specific intellectuals who could help build
awareness among the masses.
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They are intellectuals who rose to the professional standing from a social class that usually
Terms in News does not produce intellectuals and yet remained associated with that class, unlike
traditional intellectuals.
Kharchi Puja, also called the Festival of 14 Gods, is celebrated in Tripura.
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Kharchi is derived from two Tripuri words–‘khar’ or kharta meaning sin and ‘chi’ or si
meaning cleaning.
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Festival is centred around worship of Chaturdasa Devata, ancestral deity of the Tripuri people.
It is also believed that Kharchi Puja is observed to ritualistically clean the Earth after her
Kharchi Puja
menstruation is over.
Rani Durgavati Gaurav Yatra was launched in Madhya Pradesh.
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She belonged to Mahoba’s Chandela dynasty and was married to Dalpat Shah, from Gond
Kingdom of Garha-Katanga.
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After death of her husband, She herself took on the reins of government.
She constructed several reservoirs such as Ranital, Cherital and Adhartal.
She allowed Acharya Bitthalnath to establish a seat of Pushtimarg Cult at Garha.
Durgavati repulsed Baz Bahadur, ruler of Malwa, between 1555 and 1560.
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She was defeated by Mughal governor of Allahabad, Asaf Khan.
Rani Durgavati
Ethical values: Patriotism, courage, Valour etc.
Harry Markowitz, father of modern portfolio theory (MPT), passed away.

He shared the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences (1990) with Merton H. Miller and William F.
Sharpe for his ideas on finance.
MPT is a practical method for selecting investments in order to maximize their overall returns
within an acceptable level of risk.
Markowitz focused on combinations of assets, rather than individual securities
Markowitz also did ground-breaking work in mathematical programming and computer
Harry Markowitz simulations.
He developed Simscript, a language used to write simulation software.
Errata: In News Today dated 16th June 2023, under National Bank for Financing Infrastructure and Development (NaBFID) of Also in
News, the information “NaBFID is to be run by a board of directors, Whose Chairman is selected by the Bank Board Bureau (BBB)” is
incorrect.
Correct information is “NaBFID is to be run by a board of directors, Whose Chairman is selected by the Financial Services Institutions
Bureau (FSIB).” FSIB has replaced BBB in 2022.

28th JUNE, 2023
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MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE (MOEF&CC) NOTIFIES
DRAFT GREEN CREDIT PROGRAMME (GCP) IMPLEMENTATION RULES 2023
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MoEF&CC has decided to institute GCP under Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and issued
these draft rules. TREE
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PLANTATION
Draft GCP Implementation Rules 2023
Green Credit (GC) means a singular unit of an incentive provided for a specified activity,
WATER
delivering a positive impact on the environment. CONSERVATION
Objectives of GCP:
STRUCTURE FOR GCP

SUSTAINABLE
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Create a market based mechanism for providing GCs to individuals, organizations, local
bodies, gram panchayats, private sectors etc. for environment positive actions. AGRICULTURE
Create mass movement around environment positive actions and realize the vision of
Mission LiFE. WASTE
MANAGEMENT
GCs will be tradable outcomes and will be made available for trading on a domestic market
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platform.
AIR POLLUTION
An activity generating GCs may also get Carbon Credits from the same activity under the REDUCTION
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carbon market.
MANGROVE
The Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education is the administrator of the GCP, CONSERVATION AND
responsible for its implementation, management and monitoring. RESTORATION
GCP was announced during the Union Budget 2023, aligning with India’s climate goals under
Paris Agreement and realizing the vision of “Mission LiFE”. ECOMARK
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LABELLING
GCP aims to leverage a competitive market-based approach for Green Credits thereby
incentivising voluntary environmental actions of various stakeholders.
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SUSTAINABLE BUILDING
Article 6 of Paris Agreement allows for carbon trading through market mechanisms. AND INFRASTRUCTURE
64TH GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY (GEF) COUNCIL MEETING IN BRAZIL
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The GEF Council approved the disbursement of $1.4 billion to accelerate efforts to tackle the climate, biodiversity, and pollution crises.
The funding package includes support for 136 countries and will enable them to advance most of the 23 targets of the
Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.
The Framework was adopted at Convention on Biological Diversity COP15 in 2022.
About GEF
GEF is a multi stakeholder partnership to tackle various environmental issues established during the 1992 Rio Earth Summit of UNFCCC.
GEF funding is provided by participating donor countries and is mobilized through a replenishment process every four years.
It serves as "financial mechanism" to five conventions
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs).
UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD).
Minamata Convention on Mercury.
Structure of GCF:
The GEF Assembly is composed of all 185 member countries, or participants including India.
The GEF Council is the main governing body, with 32 members appointed by constituencies of GEF member countries.
The GEF Secretariat is based in Washington, D.C.
INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE (IOD) AND EL-NINO

While the El Nino is already firmly established in the Pacific Ocean this year, a positive IOD
development is also being forecasted by different meteorological agencies.
IOD is defined by the difference in sea surface temperature between the eastern and western
sides of the Indian Ocean.
Relation between El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and IOD
The air circulation in the Indian Ocean is from west to east, and in opposite directions at
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the upper level.
In a normal year warm water from the west Pacific cross over to the Indian Ocean and
make the air rise and strengthening the air circulation.
During EL nino, the western side of the Pacific is cooler than normal because of which the
Indian Ocean side also gets cooler and helps in the development of positive IOD.
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Similarly negative IOD is associated with LA-Nina.
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Researchers believe that while external factors such as ENSO can trigger IOD, many times
is caused by the local circulations.
A positive IOD helps rainfall along the African coast, and Indian subcontinent while
suppressing it in the eastern Indian Ocean, and the opposite happens during a negative IOD.
Compared with ENSO events, the impact of IODs is much weaker but they can subdue the
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impact of ENSO
WORLD DRUG REPORT 2023 INDIA-US DIGITAL TRADE

RELEASED BY THE UN OFFICE ON U.S. industry body Computer & Communications Industry
DRUGS AND CRIME (UNODC)

Association (CCIA) has flagged India’s “protectionist” approach to
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US digital services providers
The UNODC is a global leader in the fight against illicit Current status of India-U.S. technology trade:
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drugs and international crime headquartered in Vienna.
U.S. is India’s biggest overall trading partner with bilateral trade
It provides technical assistance, research and of $128.55 billion in 2022-23 in India’s favor.
normative support to Member States
U.S. ran a $27 billion deficit in trade in digital services with India
Key findings of the report in 2020.
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23% increase in the previous decade in the number of Concerns in India-US Digital trade relations
people using drugs (296 million) globally.
Taxation: Double taxation due to increased taxation in the form
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45% increase in the past decade in people suffering of equalization levy at a 6% rate and 2% tax on e-commerce
from drug use disorder(39.5 million). operators.
The report stressed on IT Rules 2021: Problematic Policies like IT Rules 2021 leading to
Drug-related disparities and inequalities: increased compliance burden like appointing Grievance redressal
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Inequality and social and economic disparities officer, compliance officer etc.
continue to drive and be driven by the drug Geospatial Data: Discriminatory Regulatory practices like
phenomenon. restriction on sharing geospatial data.
Disparities between the global North and South, Draft data protection law: Restriction on cross border data
urban and rural settings, and across subpopulations transfer under Digital Personal Data Protection Bill 2022.
all contribute to the harm from drugs. Authoritative licensing requirements under the proposed
Illicit drug economies accelerating conflicts, human Draft Telecommunication Bill 2022.
rights abuses, and environmental devastation
Illegal logging, mining and land occupation along
Tech partnership through Initiative on Critical and
with wildlife trafficking leading to environmental
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS TO
Emerging Technology (ICET)

INCREASE DIGITAL TRADE
damage like in Amazon forest.

Illicit drug trade finances non-state armed and MoU signed between the two states on the
insurgency groups in the Sahel region. Semiconductor Supply Chain and Innovation Partnership
Prioritizing public health in regulating medical use
of controlled drugs: Without adequate framework Joint Task Forces to focus on the Open RAN network and
psychedelic drugs meant to medicinal use it could be research and development in 5G/6G technologies.
diverted to illegal drug markets.
Increasing dominance of synthetic drugs: Criminals A joint fund for the commercialization of Artificial
producing synthetic drugs like methamphetamine, Intelligence.
Fentanyl create challenges for law and enforcement.
SEVEN NEW PRODUCTS FROM UTTAR PRADESH GET GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION (GI)
TAG
GI Tag Details
Amroha Dholak • Musical instrument made of natural wood hollow blocks fitted with animal skin, mostly goatskin.
Baghpat Home Furnishings • Products includes cotton handloom bedsheets, curtains, cushions, etc known for traditional geometric patterns.
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Kalpi Handmade Paper • Manufactured in an eco-friendly manner using various types of paper scraps and not wood.
Mahoba Gaura Patthar Hastshilp • Durable stone craft made of radiant colored and off-white stone, Gaura.
Mainpuri Tarkash • Known for its fine inlay work with brass wire, strips and motifs on dark sheesham extensively for furniture and boxes and
mainly used for khadaous (wooden sandals)
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Sambhal horn craft • Handicraft art products are made from horns procured from dead animals making it environment and animal friendly.
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Barabanki Handloom • The main products are Scarfs, Shawls and stoles. The cluster is famous for weaving during the nawab's period ofLucknow.
GI tag is a type of intellectual property right granted to a product originating from a specific geographical region.
Geographical Indication Registry in Chennai grants the GI tag under the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and
Protection) Act, 1999.
GI Tag is valid for a decade, after which it can be renewed for another 10 years.
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The first product to get a GI tag in India was the Darjeeling tea in 2004.
ALSO IN NEWS
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Recently, a slowdown in startup funding was highlighted by a report released by Huron named ASK
private wealth Huron India future Unicorn Index, 2023
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Key findings
The overall number of unicorns declined from the previous year.
There were 51 gazelles and 96 cheetahs in 2023 in India.
Different Categories of Startups
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Types of Startup Unicorns - Startups valued at over $1 billion.
Gazelles - Startups valued at over $500 million and are likely to turn unicorns in three years.
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Cheetahs - Startups valued at $250 million and are likely to turn unicorn in five years.
Ministry of Ports, Shipping & Waterways launched ‘Sagar Samajik Sahayyog’ - the new guidelines of
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) for ports.
According to the new guideline
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CSR Budget will be mandatorily created through a Board Resolution as a percentage of net profit.
20% of CSR expenses must be earmarked to the Sainik Kalyan Board.
Sagar Samajik
Sahayyog CSR require certain companies to mandatorily spend at least 2% of their average net profit of the
immediately preceding three financial years on CSR activities under Section 135 of the Companies
Act, 2013.
Recently Global Competitiveness Index was published by the International Institute for Management
Development (IMD).
About the Index
Denmark, Ireland, and Switzerland have been named the top three among 64 economies measured for
their global competitiveness.
Global competitiveness India dropped 3 spots to finish 40th but is still in a better position than it was in 2019-2021.
index The three main measures that helped India in its score are exchange rate stability, compensation
levels, and improvements in pollution control.
Note: The Global Competitiveness Report (GCR) is a yearly report published by the World Economic Forum.
Burmese peacock softshell turtles is endemic to Myanmar.
It is one of five species in the genus Nilssonia.
It is an oviparous species, meaning it lays eggs externally which then hatch after an incubation period.
IUCN status: Critically Endangered
Burmese peacock Threats: highly sought after in East Asian food markets, habitat loss, accidental captures by
softshell turtles fishermen,etc.

Recently, the Union Minister for Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying launched the “ Report
Fish Disease App”.
The app was developed by CAR- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (ICAR-NBFGR) under
National Surveillance Programme for Aquatic Animal Diseases (NSPAAD).
National Surveillance NSPAAD was launched by The Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry
Programme for Aquatic and Dairying.
Animal Diseases It is implemented under Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojna.
(NSPAAD) It collects information on the distribution and occurrence of aquatic animal diseases to
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rapidly detect new and exotic infectious diseases in aquatic animals.
The World Resources Institute (WRI) and the University of Maryland updated GFR on the Global
Forest Watch platform.
Key Findings:
Tropical primary forest loss in 2022 totaled 4.1 million hectares, the equivalent of losing 11
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Global Forest football fields of forest per minute.
Review (GFR) This forest loss produced 2.7 gigatonnes (Gt) of CO2 emissions, equivalent to India's annual
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fossil fuel emissions.
Indian-origin expert Aarti Holla-Maini was appointed as the Director of the UNOOSA.
United Nations Office for Outer Space HQ:
Affairs (UNOOSA) Vienna, Austria
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Genesis: Initially created as a small expert unit within the UN Secretariat in 1958,
it was established in its present form in 1993.
Membership: 102 countries including India.
United
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Nations Office Objective: : To foster global collaboration in the peaceful utilization and
exploration of outer space, as well as the effective application of space science and
for Outer Space Affairs
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technology to achieve sustainable economic and social progress.
(UNOOSA)
Functions: It assists any UN Member States to establish legal and regulatory
frameworks to govern space activities and strengthens the capacity of developing
countries to use space science technology and applications for development.
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Recently QS World University Ranking was released highlighting India’s progress with IIT Bombay at
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rank 147.
QS World University Ranking is released by QS (Quacquarelli Symonds).
The rankings are based on indicators taking into account academic reputation, employer
reputation and faculty research.
QS World Three new metrics namely were also included in this year’s rankings.
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University Sustainability
Ranking Employment Outcomes
International Research Network
Recently Indian Home Minister met with the Meira Paibis as part of his meetings with various civil
society groups.
Meira paibis or “women torch bearers is a women's social movement in Manipur formed in 1977.
The Meira Paibis are loosely organised and have no rigid hierarchy or structure, or any overt political leanings.
They are Meitei women from all walks of life in the Imphal Valley.
Meira paibis Role: initially focused on fighting alcoholism and drug abuse has now expanded to countering
human rights violations and the development of society at large.
Recent research focuses on Tam Pà Ling Cave of Laos for studying the arrival of modern humans in
mainland Asia.
The age of the lowest fossil, suggests modern humans arrived in this region between 86,000 and
68,000 years ago.
This evidence from Tam Pà Ling has pushed back the timing of Homo sapiens arrival in Southeast Asia.
A tooth some 150,000 years old belonging to a Denisovan was also found here.
Tam Pà Ling
Denisovan are the now-extinct human relatives otherwise known only from remains found in
Siberia and Tibet.

29th JUNE, 2023
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CABINET APPROVES INTRODUCTION OF NATIONAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION (NRF)
BILL, 2023 IN PARLIAMENT
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Bill will establish NRF to promote R&D and foster a culture
of research and innovation throughout India’s universities, ABOUT SERB
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colleges, research institutions, and R&D laboratories.
Other Key Features It is a statutory body, Department of Science and Technology,
established through SERB Act 2008.
NRF, an apex body to provide strategic direction of
scientific research as per recommendations of National Its main function is to promote basic research in Science and
Education Policy (NEP), will be set up at an estimated cost Engineering and to provide financial assistance for the same.
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of Rs. 50,000 crore during five years (2023-28). A regular faculty / researcher in an academic / research institution
Department of Science and Technology (DST) will be the can seek research support.
administrative department of NRF.
Board also gives special attention to young scientists below the
NRF will be governed by a Governing Board consisting of age of 35 years (relaxable ).
eminent researchers and professionals across disciplines.
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Board offers JC Bose National Fellowship and RAMANUJAN
PM will be the ex-officio President of Board and Union
Fellowship.
Minister of Science & Technology & Union Minister of
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Education will be ex-officio Vice-Presidents.
NRF’s functioning will be governed by an Executive Council chaired by Principal Scientific Adviser to Government of India.
NRF will forge collaborations among industry, academia, and government departments and research institutions, and create an
interface mechanism for participation and contribution of industries and State governments.
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NRF will encourage collaboration and increased spending by industry on R&D.
Bill will also repeal Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) and subsume it into NRF.
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CABINET COMMITTEE ON ECONOMIC AFFAIRS (CCEA) APPROVED A UNIQUE PACKAGE OF
SCHEMES FOR FARMERS
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Initiatives, with a total outlay of Rs.3.7 lakh crore, will boost farmers’ income, strengthen natural / organic farming, rejuvenate soil
productivity, and ensure food security.
Announcement includes:
PM Programme for Restoration, • PM-PRANAM, announced in the 2023-24 Budget, aims to incentivize States/ UTs to promote alternate
Awareness Generation, fertilizers and balanced use of chemical fertilizers.
Nourishment and Amelioration of • States/UTs which will adopt alternative fertilisers will be incentivised with subsidy that is saved by
Mother – Earth (PM-PRANAM) reducing the use of chemical fertilisers
• No separate financial support will be required.
Market Development Assistance • To support marketing of organic fertilizers, viz., Fermented Organic Manures (FOM)/Liquid
(MDA) for promoting Organic FOM/Phosphate Rich Organic Manures (PROM) produced as by-product from bio-gas plants/Compressed
Fertilizers from GOBAR- Biogas (CBG) plants set up under umbrella GOBAR-Dhan initiative will be promoted.
Dhan(Galvanizing Organic Bio-Agro GOBAR-Dhan was launched in 2018 under Swachh Bharat Mission (Grameen) (SMB-G) to positively
Resources- Dhan) Plants impact village cleanliness and generate wealth and energy from cattle and organic waste.
• Such organic fertilizers would be branded in the names of Bharat Brand FOM, LFOM and PROM.
• It will facilitate implementation of Budget announcement of establishing 500 new waste to wealth
plants under GOBAR-Dhan scheme.
For Urea • Introduction of Sulphur coated Urea (Urea Gold), for the first time, to address sulphur deficiency of soil
and save input costs for the farmers.
It is more economical and efficient than Neem coated urea.
• Continuation of Urea Subsidy Scheme to maximize indigenous production of Urea to reach self-
sufficiency levels.
• By 2025-26, eight Nano urea plants will be commissioned.
RBI RELEASED THE FINANCIAL STABILITY REPORT (FSR)

FSR is a bi-annual report that reflects risks to financial stability and resilience of
Indian financial system (Global FSR is released by IMF).
Key Highlights
Indian banking system is well capitalised and capable of absorbing
macroeconomic shocks over a one-year horizon even in the absence of any
further capital infusion.
Gross Non-Performing Assets (GNPA) ratio of Scheduled commercial banks
S
(SCBs) continued its downtrend and fell to a 10-year low of 3.9% in March 2023.
Net non-performing assets (NNPA) ratio declined to 1.0%.
Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets Ratio (CRAR) of SCBs rose to historical highs of 17.1% in March 2023.
Creating a framework for global regulation, including possibility of prohibition, of unbacked crypto assets, stablecoins etc. would be a priority.
A
Stablecoins are cryptocurrencies whose value is pegged to that of another currency, commodity, or financial instrument.
Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) has rescued 72% of the distressed assets since it came into being in 2016.
I
Average time for concluding corporate insolvency resolution process (CIRPs) that yielded resolution plans was 512 days (330 days
provided in IBC).
CABINET APPROVES RATIFICATION OF THE NATIONAL SICKLE CELL ANAEMIA

HEADQUARTERS AGREEMENT (HQA) BETWEEN ELIMINATION MISSION
N
INDIA AND COALITION FOR DISASTER RESILIENT Objective of the mission is to provide affordable and
INFRASTRUCTURE (CDRI)
accessible care to all Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) patient, ensure
quality of care and to lower prevalence of the disease.
In 2022, Cabinet had approved recognition of CDRI as an Vision of the mission is to eliminate SCD as a public
O
International Organization and for signing of HQA for granting health problem in India before 2047.
CDRI exemptions, immunities and privileges as contemplated under
I
It will be carried out in a mission mode and will
Section- 3 of United Nations (Privileges & Immunities) Act, 1947.
emphasizes on a three-pillar strategy:
Act was enacted to give effect to Convention on the Privileges
and Immunities of the United Nations, adopted by UN General Health promotion: Awareness generation &
Assembly in 1946. pre-marital genetic counselling.
UN Charter allows UN, and also its officials, to enjoy in the Prevention: Universal screening and early detection.
S
territory of each of its Members such legal capacity, privileges Holistic Management & continuum of care.
and immunities which are necessary for the exercise of its
I
Beneficiaries: Covering the entire population from zero
functions and the fulfilment of its purposes. to 18 years of age and shall incrementally include the
Section 3 of the act states that premises of UN shall be entire population up to 40 years as a part of National
inviolable. Act was also extended to several other international Health Mission (NHM).
organisations.
Initially, focus shall be on 17 states with higher
V
Signing of HQA will provide CDRI an independent and prevalence of SCD including Gujarat, Maharashtra,
international legal persona, so that it can carry out its functions Rajasthan, MP, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal,
internationally, more efficiently. Karnataka, Assam, UP, Kerala, Bihar, Uttarakhand etc.
It will allow CDRI to Mission aims to cover 7 crore people with screening,
Deputing experts and also bringing in experts from member counselling for prevention and care for people with SCD
countries to India. in three and half years.
Deploying funds globally and receiving contributions from Programme would be in integration with existing
member countries. mechanism and strategies (such as Pradhan Mantri
Providing technical expertise to assist countries to develop Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan) under NHM.
resilient infrastructure.
SICKLE CELL DISEASE
Leveraging international engagement to foster disaster
resilient infrastructure at home. SCD is a type of haemoglobin disorders, inherited blood diseases that
affect how oxygen is carried in the body.
ABOUT CDRI SCD is characterized by a modification in the shape of the red blood
It was launched in 2019, by the Indian PM (supported by UNDRR) as a global cell from a smooth, donut-shape into a crescent or half-moon shape.
partnership of National Governments, UN agencies and programmes,
Misshapen cells lack plasticity and can block small blood vessels,
multilateral development banks, private sector, academic and knowledge
impairing blood flow.
institutions etc.
This condition leads to shortened red blood cell survival, and
Aims to promote resilience of infrastructure systems to climate and disaster
subsequent anaemia, often called sickle-cell anaemia.
risks, thereby ensuring sustainable development.
Presently, CDRI has 31 nations (including India), 6 International and 2 Private In India, It is more common in the tribal population of India, but
organisations as its members. occurs in non-tribals too.
MINISTRY OF MINES RELEASED FIRST EVER REPORT OF THE COUNTRY ON “CRITICAL

MINERALS FOR INDIA”
Report identifies a set of 30 critical minerals.
Critical minerals for which India is 100% import-dependent
Critical minerals are those minerals that are essential for
Mineral Major application
economic development and national security. Criticality is
judged mainly by two parameters, economic importance Lithium Rechargeable batteries, ceramics
and supply risk.
S
Cobalt Rechargeable batteries and superalloy
Lack of availability of these minerals or concentration of Nickel Stainless steel, superalloys, rechargeable batteries
extraction or processing in a few geographical locations
Vanadium Alloying agent for iron and steel, batteries
may lead to supply chain disruption or vulnerabilities.
Niobium Steel and superalloys, construction, transportation
Indian critical minerals identification process addresses five
A
core objectives of: Supporting economic growth, Driving Germanium Fiber optics and night vision applications
research, Enhancing Global security, Raw material security and
Rhenium Superalloys, aerospace and machinery use
I
Promoting climate action.
Beryllium Alloying agent in aerospace and defense industries
Report identifies five pillars of critical minerals value chain:
Tantalum Electronic components, mostly capacitors and in superalloys
Upstream exploration,
Stronium Aluminium pigments and fillers, glass, magnets
Upstream Mining & extraction,
Midstream- Processing, refining & metallurgy,
N
Downstream- Component Manufacturing and Clean, Digital, and Advanced Technology Production,
Material Recovery and Recycling.
Recommendations
Establish a National Institute or Centre of Excellence on critical minerals.
O
Create a separate wing in the Ministry of Mines and established a Centre of Excellence for Critical Minerals.
I
Collaborate with international agencies/KABIL for strategic acquisition of foreign assets.
An innovation funding mechanism to focus on processing and refining technologies.
Update the list of critical minerals periodically , preferably every three years.
ALSO IN NEWS
I S
Manipur is witnessing a surge in Zero FIRs.
When a police station receives a complaint regarding an alleged offence that has been
committed in jurisdiction of another police station, it registers an FIR, and then transfers it to
concerned police station for further investigation.
V
This is called a Zero FIR.
Zero FIR No regular FIR number is given. After receiving Zero FIR, concerned police station registers a
fresh FIR.
Senegal has become the fourth country, following South Africa, Indonesia, and Vietnam, to sign
the JETP deal.
JETP is emerging as the key mechanism for multilateral financing by developed countries to
support an energy transition in developing countries.
It was first announced at UNFCCC COP26 in Glasgow, where France, Germany, UK, USA, and EU
announced JETP to support South Africa’s decarbonization effort.
Just Energy Transition
Partnership (JETP) Goal of JETP is to support countries’ transition from coal to cleaner energy sources while
addressing social consequences, such as job creation and economics impact.
In view of the measures taken by the Government to better protect children, India has been
removed from the report in 2023.
India was mentioned in the report since 2010 for alleged recruitment and use of boys by
armed groups in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), detainment of boys by Indian security forces in
J&K on national security grounds etc.
UNGA Secretary-General
Report includes trends regarding impact of armed conflict on children and information on
Children and Armed violations committed, as requested by Council in its resolution 1612 (2005) and subsequent
Conflict Report resolutions.

India’s National Security Advisor visited port of Duqm in Oman recently.

Facing the Arabian Sea and located outside Strait of Hormuz, Port of Duqm is perfectly positioned
to serve the main Eastern and Western trade corridors.
It also overlooks the Gulf of Oman and Indian Ocean.
India in 2018 secured access Duqm for military use and logistical support.
Duqm Port
Port can also provide India an easy access to Red Sea via the Gulf of Aden.
Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs approved FRP of sugarcane for 2023-24 sugar season.
S
FRP is minimum price at which sugarcane is to be purchased by sugar mills from farmers.
It is determined under Sugarcane (Control) Order, 1966.
There is dual pricing mechanism for sugarcane:
Fair and Remunerative FRP is announced by central government at recommendations of Commission for Agricultural
Costs and Prices (CACP).
A
Price (FRP)
States can announce State Advised Prices, usually higher than FRP.
I
India is ranked 67th out of 120 countries, in World Economic Forum (WEF) ETI.
Sweden topped the list and was followed by Denmark and Norway.
Key findings related to India
Only 55 countries, including India, have improved their scores by more than 10% points.
India is the only major economy with energy transition momentum accelerating across all the
Energy Transition
N
Index’s dimensions namely equitable, secure and sustainable transitions.
Index (ETI)
Requirements for India’s energy transition: skilled workforce, public-private collaboration in
innovation, and investment in research and development in low-carbon technologies.
West Bengal’s CID department have organised a campaign aims in sensitising parents on the perils of
Sharenting.
O
Sharenting refers to the act of parents posting too many details about their children on social media.
It could be detrimental for child's psychological growth and also increases risk of details being
I
used by Cyber criminals.
Sharenting
It also requested that information about the child are to be posted with extreme caution.
S
Indian Air Force will host the first ever multilateral air force exercise “Tarang Shakti” later this
year.
I
Exercise Tarang Shakti
Certification was launched by British Standards Institute (BSI) and AMR Industry Alliance to
ensure responsible antibiotic manufacturing.
Certification, with a third-party validation process, will help to monitor environmental concerns in
V
the antibiotic manufacturing process.
Antibiotic concentration at the release point must be less than the predicted no-effect
New Certification concentration to meet the certification standard.
Scheme for Antibiotic Certificate, once issued, is valid for three years.
manufacturing It will ensure implementation of Antibiotic Manufacturing Standards launched in 2022.
GreedFlation
Greedflation, in basic terms, is the inflation and hike in prices not driven by economic flow, but by
corporate greed.
It can be understood as a condition where corporate desire for excessive profit (greed) is leading
to inflation.
Companies artificially inflate their prices not just to cover the input cost but to increase their profit
margins.
Emotional Labour
It is defined as editing work of emotions that someone would do in order to have an effect on the
Terms in News emotions of someone else.
American sociologist Arlie Hochschild first introduced the concept in 1983 to mean that
emotions have a market and exchange value in capitalist society.
People are required to regulate their emotions to fit in with the emotional norm, and to
ensure the smooth flow of business necessary to get a wage.
Emotional labour falls disproportionately on women and other disadvantaged groups.

30th JUNE, 2023
GRAVITATIONAL WAVE BACKGROUND OF THE UNIVERSE DETECTED FOR THE 1ST TIME
Gravitational waves (GW) are ripples in the fabric of 2. Telescopes on
spacetime caused by the most energetic events in the Earth measure tiny
differences in the
cosmos, such as black hole mergers and neutron star arrival times of the
collisions. Pulsar radio bursts caused
by the jostling.
Their presence was first given by Einstein in his Theory
of Relativity. 1. Gravitational waves from supermassive
black-hole mergers in distant galaxies
They were first detected in 2015, and till now they subtly shift the position of Earth.
were detected in shortest-range wavelengths only. 3. Measuring the
effect on an array of
As gravitational waves squeeze and stretch everything pulsars enhances the
they pass through. To find evidence of this squeezing and chance of detecting the
gravitational waves.
stretching, astronomers observed pulsars. HUNTING GRAVITATIONAL
Pulsars are rapidly rotating stars that blast out pulses
WAVES USING PULSARS
of radiation at extremely precise intervals, practically
acting like cosmic lighthouses (used as a precise clock).
Now, scientists have discovered a 'background hum' rumbling throughout the universe.
It confirms the presence of low-frequency (long-wavelengths) gravitational waves, thought to be constantly rolling through
space noise.
It is also significant in studying the nature of gravity.
India’s Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT, Pune) was among the world’s six large telescopes that played a vital role in
providing evidence.
Other 5 are located in Germany, UK, France, Italy and Netherlands.
GUIDELINES FOR IMPLEMENTING THE STRATEGIC INTERVENTIONS FOR GREEN

HYDROGEN TRANSITION (SIGHT) PROGRAMME
SIGHT is a sub-component of the National Green Hydrogen Mission.
SIGHT aims to establish electrolyser manufacturing base (Component I) and green hydrogen producing facilities (Component II).
Hydrogen is a clean-burning fuel with water as its by-product, produced with the help
of an electrolyzer.
Electrolysis is the process of using electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen.
In general, the PEM (proton exchange membrane) is used for electrolysis.
They have been launched with the aim of enabling rapid scale-up, technology
development and cost reduction.
Total financial incentive is ₹17,490 crore.
State-run Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI) is the implementing agency.
National Green Hydrogen Mission was launched in 2022, as part of India’s decarbonization
strategy.
Its other components are Strategic Hydrogen Innovation Partnership (SHIP) which
promotes Public-Private Partnership framework for Research & Development.
It seeks to:
Production of 5 million tonnes of green hydrogen by 2030.
Make India a leading producer and supplier of Green Hydrogen in the world.
Creating opportunities for employment and economic development.
Supporting R&D projects in India for further development of Green Hydrogen.
INDIA AND THE US-CHINA CHIPS WAR

The US had imposed export restrictions on American chipmaking tools to China, citing national security concerns.
India has positioned itself as a player in the critical semiconductor technology field with US’s Micron during the recent PM’s visit.
Earlier, in 2022, India- US initiative on Critical and Emerging Technologies (iCET) deal was also signed.
Semiconductors are materials with conductivity between conductors and insulators, that control the flow of electric current in
electronic devices.
A semiconductor chip is a network of semiconductors, also called integrated circuits or microchips.
Semiconductors or Chips as the ‘new oil’
Taiwan produces over 60% of the world's semiconductors and over 90% of the most advanced ones.
USA approach: Semiconductor friendshoring in the Quad, to building “resilient, diverse and secure supply chains of critical and
emerging technologies”.
US-led “Chip 4 Alliance” with Japan, South Korea and Taiwan to restrict Chinese access to chip tech.
India’s chip initiatives
GUIDELINES FOR RESOURCE
ADEQUACY PLANNING
India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) launched in 2021 and has been setup as
an Independent Business Division within Digital India Corporation.
Production-linked incentive (PLI) scheme for the semiconductor industry. FRAMEWORK FOR INDIA
INDIA-PHILIPPINES PARTNERSHIP AND SOUTH
The guidelines, is framed by Ministry of Power
under the Rule 16 of the Electricity
CHINA SEA (Amendment) Rules, 2022.
India and Philippines during 5th meeting of the Joint Commission on Bilateral The guidelines have made it a statutory
Cooperation (JCBC) decided to expand their defence partnership. obligation for the DISCOM to ensure
procurement of sufficient capacity to meet
Defence has emerged as a key pillar of Indo-Philippines partnership amid demand in their area.
China’s territorial claims along the South China Sea region.
Key Highlights
India has asked the stakeholders to abide by South China Sea (SCS) ruling of All discoms shall undertake a resource
Permanent Court of Arbitration in 2016 and respect the United Nations adequacy plan (RAP) for a 10-year horizon,
Convention on Laws of the Sea. known as long-term Distribution Licensee
The ruling refuted China’s expansive claims in its dispute with the Resource Adequacy Plan.
southeast Asian countries over SCS waters. DISCOMs should have 75% long-term
contracts, 10-20% medium-term contracts,
South China Sea dispute:
and the rest short-term contracts for future
China stakes claim to 90% of the South China Sea, and this claim is based on power supply.
the U-shaped nine-dash line. Discoms resource adequacy plan would
Territorial disputes: Brunei, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan and Vietnam provide the quantum and type of
contest China's claim to South China Sea. generation resources.
National Load Dispatch Centre (NLDC) will
India interest in the SCS: Commercial linkages with region, freedom of
also carry out bids to meet the short-term
navigation, and a rules-based regional order.
resource adequacy plans.
UNCLOS was
Plans shall also factor in the RPO (Renewable
adopted in 1982 Purchase Obligations contracts) mandated
and came into for the obligated entities to promote RE
force in 1994. capacity addition.
Other Measures for DISCOMs
It lays down a Revamped Distribution Sector Scheme
co m p re h e n s i ve aims to reduce AT&C losses to pan-India levels
regime of law and of 12-15%.
Mandatory energy accounting and energy
order in the
auditing for all DISCOMs.
world's oceans and
UDAY (Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana) for
seas establishing Financial Turnaround of DISCOMs.
rules governing all
Issues faced by DISCOMs: Uncertain fuel
uses of the oceans (Coal) supply, insufficient and irregular revenue
and their resources. stream, high AT&C losses, unsustainable levels
of overdue and debt etc.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGS) NATIONAL INDICATOR FRAMEWORK (NIF)

PROGRESS REPORT 2023 RELEASED
Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) prepares it to track the progress achieved so far at national level in
respect of 17 SDGs.
United Nations General Assembly in 2015 adopted SDG’s.
In order to monitor the implementation of different SDG’ s, Inter-agency and Expert Group on SDG Indicators (IAEG-SDGs)
developed the Global Indicator Framework (GIF).
S
IAEG-SDGs was set up by the United Nations Statistical Commission (UNSC).
GIF indicators have specific methodologies and data sources.
At present, the GIF includes 248 indicators, with 231 unique indicators.
A
In India, similar to GIF, NIF was developed in 2018 that was aligned with the SDG global indicators.
At present, there are 284 indicators in the NIF.
I
In 2019, the Ministry has developed and circulated Guidelines to the States/UTs for development of State Indicator Framework (SIF) in
respective States/UTs.
Key Findings
Sustainable Development Goals Progress
SDG 3 Good Health and Well- Maternal Mortality Ratio (97 in 2018-19)
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Being
SDG 4 Quality Education Progress in Higher Secondary Education, Gross Enrolment Ratio (57.60, 2021-22)
SDG 13 Climate Action India achieved a reduction in emission intensity of GDP over the 2005 level (24%
reduction)
O
ALSO IN NEWS
I
It is an unofficial court held by a group of people in order to try someone regarded, especially
without good evidence, as guilty of a crime or misdemeanour.
S
Kangaroo Courts
I
It is released by the Union Ministry of Panchayati Raj.
It provides a matrix to monitor and evaluate the progress of panchayats through the scores achieved
by them.
It ranks panchayats on the basis of scores, and categorize them into four grades.
Panchayat Development
V
Index (PDI) Grades include A (75 to 90%), B (60-75%), C (40-60%) and D (under 40%).
OMSS is a mechanism implemented by the Food Corporation of India (FCI) to sell surplus food
grains, primarily wheat and rice, from the central pool in the open market.
Through periodic e-auctions, the FCI offers these food grains to open market bidders, retail chains
etc, at pre-determined prices.
Open Market Sale Significance: to improve and regulate domestic supply, a measure to curb food grain inflation etc.
Scheme (OMSS)
Four Indian Skimmer hatchlings, born on a sand patch in a barrage in Uttar Pradesh’s Bijnor, have been
washed away.
Characteristics:
Indian Skimmer normally nests around April and May.
It feeds on surface-dwelling fish, small crustaceans and insect larvae.
Distribution:
It resides primarily on larger, sandy, lowland rivers, around lakes and adjacent marshes and
Indian Skimmer
In the non-breeding season, in estuaries and coasts
IUCN Conservation Status: Endangered
Major Threats: Exploitation and degradation of rivers and lakes, Predation by corvids like House crows
and presence of stray and domestic dogs.

SEBI has approved the proposal whereby sponsors of REITs and InvITs would be required to hold a
certain minimum stake in the investment vehicles.
Currently, there is a 15 % unit holding lock-in for at least three years.
Under the amendment, it starts at 15 % for 3 years, then reduces over time with the lower of 1%
of unit capital or ₹1,000 crore after 20 years.
REITs & InvITs REITs and InvITs are investment trusts that pool money from investors and invest in completed
real estate and infrastructure assets respectively.
S
Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade asked Industry associations to
participate on the e-logs platform.
The platform has been started under the National logistics policy (2022).
Main objectives of NLP
A
To lower the logistics cost in India from its estimated 14% of GDP to around 8 % by 2030.
E logs(Ease of Logistics
To make Indian goods more competitive, promote economic growth and job opportunities in the
Services) platform
I
sector.
As per a recent study, oceans cool the planet by releasing short-lived halogens that contribute 8-10
per cent of cooling.
SLH (lifetime of less than six months) are gases that contain the halogen elements chlorine,
bromine, or iodine.
N
Source: marine phytoplankton and algae, as well as abiotic sources from ocean and tropospheric
chemistry.
Short-lived
halogens (SLH) Impact: SLH from oceans reduces warming by depleting ozone and reduce the formation of
cooling aerosols.
O
SLH increase methane’s lifetime in the atmosphere and increase the levels of water vapour.
I
Aspartame, a sweetener used in aerated drinks, is set to be declared carcinogenic by WHO.
These are also known as non-nutritive sweeteners or ‘sugar substitutes.
Aspartame is a methyl ester of a dipeptide consisting of two amino acids, aspartic acid, and
phenylalanine
S
The perceived sweetness of aspartame in humans is due to its binding of the heterodimer G
Aspartame
protein-coupled (cell surface receptors that mediate physiological responses).
I
Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis
National Statistics Day (June 29) is celebrated every year in recognition of contributions made by
Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis in the fields of statistics and economic planning.
Contribution and Achievements
V
He is often referred to as the father of Indian statistics.
He was one of the members of the first Planning Commission of India and founded the Indian
Statistical Institute (ISI).
He found Mahalanobis distance, a statistical measure used to find the distance between a point
Personality in News
and a distribution.
Values: Perseverance, self-Reliance etc.
Tanzania (Capital: Dodoma)

It is bounded by Uganda and Kenya (north), Indian Ocean
(east), Mozambique, Malawi, and Zambia (south and
southwest), and Burundi and Rwanda (west).
It also shares a border with famous lakes such as Victoria,
Nyasa and Tanganyika (world’s second deepest lake).
Places in news Major River: Rufiji River.
Highest point: Kilimanjaro.
East African Rift System runs in two north-south-trending
branches through mainland Tanzania.

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01st JUNE, 2023

SEBI PROPOSES ADDITIONAL DISCLOSURE FOR HIGH-RISK FOREIGN PORTFOLIO

MINISTRY OF ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (MeitY) LAUNCHES

CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY (CEA) NOTIFIES THE NATIONAL ELECTRICITY PLAN

five years (2022-27) and prospective Central Electricity Authority (CEA)

DELHI | JAIPUR | PUNE | HYDERABAD | AHMEDABAD | LUCKNOW | CHANDIGARH | GUWAHATI 3/4

A research has flagged that 7 of the 8

DELHI | JAIPUR | PUNE | HYDERABAD | AHMEDABAD | LUCKNOW | CHANDIGARH | GUWAHATI 4/4

Connectivity: possible aggression from China.

35-km cross-border railway line linking Jaynagar in Bihar to Kurtha in Nepal.

ARREST WARRANT OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT (ICC)

CENTRE TO RECRUIT SENIOR

DELHI | JAIPUR | PUNE | HYDERABAD | AHMEDABAD | LUCKNOW | CHANDIGARH | GUWAHATI 3/4

Press Information Bureau (PIB)

Functions: Activities can be broadly classified in three Categories: Information,

DELHI | JAIPUR | PUNE | HYDERABAD | AHMEDABAD | LUCKNOW | CHANDIGARH | GUWAHATI 4/4

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION (MOE) RELEASES UGC (INSTITUTIONS DEEMED TO BE

“BRIDGING THE GAP: IDENTIFYING CHALLENGES IN CYBERSECURITY SKILLING AND

RAJASTHAN BEING CONSIDERED A POTENTIAL SITE

INSURANCE REGULATORY AND DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY OF INDIA (IRDAI) ISSUED

US Senate gave final approval to $31.4 trillion debt

DELHI | JAIPUR | PUNE | HYDERABAD | AHMEDABAD | LUCKNOW | CHANDIGARH | GUWAHATI 3/4

As per United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)

Senegal (Capital: Dakar)

DELHI | JAIPUR | PUNE | HYDERABAD | AHMEDABAD | LUCKNOW | CHANDIGARH | GUWAHATI 4/4

LOW-COST FINANCE FOR THE ENERGY TRANSITION REPORT RELEASED BY

pathway. Blended finance

Role of Private Help in effectively leveraging investment capital.

DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF FOREIGN TRADE (DGFT) PERMITS IMPORT OF PET COKE AS

BEVERAGE LOBBY DIFFERS WITH WHO ON NON-SUGAR SWEETENERS (NSS)

DELHI | JAIPUR | PUNE | HYDERABAD | AHMEDABAD | LUCKNOW | CHANDIGARH | GUWAHATI 3/4

Union Health Minister addressed GVRC discussion.

Comoros (Capital: Moroni)

DELHI | JAIPUR | PUNE | HYDERABAD | AHMEDABAD | LUCKNOW | CHANDIGARH | GUWAHATI 4/4

350TH ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATIONS OF CHHATRAPATI SHIVAJI MAHARAJ'S CORONATION

RARE HIGGS BOSON DECAY OBSERVED IN LARGE HADRON COLLIDER (LHC)

INDIA, US AGREE ON ROADMAP

FOR DEFENCE INDUSTRY

PUBLIC ACCEPTS USE OF BACTERIA-KILLING VIRUSES (PHAGE THERAPY) AS

resistance diseases every year.

Bacteriophages were discovered by Frederick Willian Twort in 1915 (Great Britain)

microbiota. Thereby, creating new sets of problems.

FG model, a theory of industrial development in latecomer economies, was developed in the

DELHI | JAIPUR | PUNE | HYDERABAD | AHMEDABAD | LUCKNOW | CHANDIGARH | GUWAHATI 3/4

DELHI | JAIPUR | PUNE | HYDERABAD | AHMEDABAD | LUCKNOW | CHANDIGARH | GUWAHATI 4/4

ONLY 66% DISTRICTS IN COUNTRY FREE OF MANUAL SCAVENGING: UNION MINISTRY

INITIATIVES TAKEN TO REDUCE

IRAN UNVEILS ITS 'FIRST HYPERSONIC MISSILE'

150TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE ARRIVAL OF INDIANS IN SURINAME

BT COTTON’S INDIA ENTRY

DEPOSIT INSURANCE COVER FOR PREPAID PAYMENT

represents the value paid for by the 1986.

REMOVING ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE (AMR) FROM THE 'PANDEMIC TREATY' WILL

RBI governor launched a Financial Inclusion Dashboard, named, ANTARDRIHSTI.

DELHI | JAIPUR | PUNE | HYDERABAD | AHMEDABAD | LUCKNOW | CHANDIGARH | GUWAHATI 3/4

DELHI | JAIPUR | PUNE | HYDERABAD | AHMEDABAD | LUCKNOW | CHANDIGARH | GUWAHATI 4/4

Key features of the mission Will help in meeting growing

COMMISSION FOR AGRICULTURAL COSTS AND PRICES (CACP) RELEASED REPORT ON

DECARBONISING INDIAN CITIES

INDIA EMERGED AS THE WORLD'S 2ND LARGEST