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Input:
This is how you give information to a computer.
Think of it as putting ingredients into a bowl to bake a cake. Examples: Typing on a keyboard, clicking a mouse, scanning a barcode, taking a picture with a camera.
Process:
This is what the computer does with the information you give it. Think of it as mixing the ingredients and baking the cake in the oven. Examples: The CPU performing calculations, sorting data, running a program.
Output:
This is how the computer shows you the results.
Think of it as the finished cake that you take out of the oven. Examples: Displaying text on a monitor, printing a document, playing sound through speakers.
The IPO Cycle:
IPO stands for Input, Process, and Output.
It's a cycle because the output of one process can sometimes be the input for another. It's how computers work: You give them input, they process it, and then they give you output.
Example:
1. Input: You type "2 + 2" on a calculator (input).
2. Process: The calculator adds the numbers (process). 3. Output: The calculator displays "4" on the screen (output).
What is a Computer Network?
Imagine connecting all the computers in your classroom together. That's a simple computer network! It's when two or more computers are connected so they can share information and resources.
Components of a Network:
Server: A powerful computer that provides services to other computers on
the network. Think of it like the teacher in your classroom, giving instructions and resources to the students. Workstation: A regular computer connected to the network, used by people to do their work. These are like the students in the classroom. Communication Channel: The way computers connect to each other. This can be wires (like telephone lines or cables) or wireless signals (like Wi-Fi). Imagine the desks and chairs in your classroom, allowing students to connect to the teacher. Modem: A device that connects your home network to the internet. It translates signals between your computer and the internet service provider. Think of it like the school bus, taking you to and from school (the internet). Router: A device that directs network traffic between different networks. It's like the hallway in your school, directing students to the right classrooms. Bluetooth: A short-range wireless technology used to connect devices like headphones, speakers, and keyboards to computers or phones. Think of it like talking to your friend sitting right next to you.
Types of Networks:
LAN (Local Area Network): A network that covers a small area, like a home, school, or office. Imagine all the computers connected in your classroom or school building. PAN (Personal Area Network): A network that connects devices close to one person, like a phone, smartwatch, and wireless earbuds. This is like your own personal set of connected gadgets. WAN (Wide Area Network): A network that covers a large area, like a city, country, or even the whole world! The internet is the biggest WAN. This is like all the schools in your city or country connected together. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): A network that covers a city or a large town. It's bigger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN. Imagine all the schools in your city connected together.
A Graphical User Interface (GUI) is how you interact with a computer using pictures and things you can click on, instead of just typing commands.
Imagine you have a toy with lots of buttons and levers. Each button does something different. That's kind of like a GUI.
Here's a simpler way to think about it:
Graphical: It uses pictures, icons (small images), and other visual elements. User: That's you, the person using the computer. Interface: This is how you interact with the computer.
So, a GUI is a way for you to use a computer by clicking on pictures (icons), choosing from lists (menus), and moving things around on the screen (using a mouse or your finger on a touchscreen).
Examples:
The desktop on your computer with icons for different programs.
The apps on your phone or tablet that you tap to open.
Microsoft Word:
What it is: A word processor.
What it does: Used for creating and editing text documents like letters, reports, essays, and resumes. You can change fonts, add pictures, and check your spelling. Think of it like: A digital typewriter or a fancy notebook.
Microsoft Excel:
What it is: A spreadsheet program.
What it does: Used for organizing data in rows and columns (like a grid), performing calculations, creating charts and graphs. Great for budgets, grades, and keeping track of information. Think of it like: A digital calculator and a way to organize information in a table.
Microsoft PowerPoint:
What it is: A presentation program.
What it does: Used for creating slideshows with text, images, videos, and animations to present information to an audience. Think of it like: A digital flip chart or a way to make a movie of your ideas.
Microsoft Outlook:
What it is: An email client and personal information manager.
What it does: Used for sending and receiving emails, managing calendars, scheduling appointments, and keeping track of contacts. Think of it like: A digital mailbox, calendar, and address book all in one place.
Microsoft Access:
What it is: A database management system.
What it does: Used for creating and managing databases, which are organized collections of information. Useful for storing and retrieving large amounts of data. Think of it like: A digital filing cabinet that helps you organize lots of information.
Microsoft Publisher:
What it is: A desktop publishing program.
What it does: Used for creating professional-looking publications like brochures, newsletters, flyers, and greeting cards. Think of it like: A way to design and print things that look like they came from a professional printing company.
Microsoft OneNote: What it is: A digital note-taking application. What it does: Used for taking notes, organizing research, creating to-do lists, and collecting information from different sources. Think of it like: A digital notebook where you can keep everything organized.
(Cognition and Poetics) Burke, Michael - Troscianko, Emily - Cognitive Literary Science - Dialogues Between Literature and Cognition-Oxford University Press (2017) PDF
(Cognition and Poetics) Burke, Michael - Troscianko, Emily - Cognitive Literary Science - Dialogues Between Literature and Cognition-Oxford University Press (2017) PDF
