Maths-Class-9-WS-4 -- Ch - 8 _ Logarithms

WORKSHEET: 07
SESSION: 2020-21
CLASS: IX A, B, C, D,E & F
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
INSTRUCTIONS: Parents are expected to ensure that the student

spends two days to read and understand the chapter according to the
books and websites referred and thereafter answer the given
questions.
NOTE: 1. Students should refer to books related to class 6,7 &8 for
reference and also the following websites.
2. Concise Mathematics I.C.S.E. CLASS- IX by R.K. BANSAL
3.Understanding I.C.S.E. Mathematics CLASS- IX by M.L. AGGARWAL
T0PIC : LOGARITHMS
Logarithms are used to make the long and complicated calculations

easy.
Consider 34 =81, this is the exponential form of representing relation

between three numbers 3,4,81 .Now the same relation between 3,4
and 81 can be written as
log381=4 (read as: logarithm of 81 at base 3 is 4)
Thus, 34 =81⇔ log3 81=4
Page 1 of 10
Definition: If a, b and c are three real numbers such that a≠1 and ab =c
then b is called logarithm of c at the base a and is written as logac =b;
read as log of c at the base a is b.
ab = c⇔ logac =b
INTERCHANGING
(logarithmic form vis-à-vis exponential form)
ab =c is called the exponential form
and, logac =b is called the logarithmic form
i.e., i) 2-3 = 0.125 [exponential form]
⇒log of 0.125 to the base 2 = -3
i.e., log20.125 = -3 [logarithmic form]

1
ii) log648 = [logarithmic form]
2
1
⇒log of 8 to the base 64 =
2
i.e., (64)1/2 =8 [exponential form] and so on.
similarly:
If x is positive;
iii) x0= 1 ⇒logx1 =0 i.e. log of 1 to the base x =0
In general; the logarithm of 1 to any base is zero.
i.e. log51=0; log101=0; log a 1 = 0 and so on.
iv) x1 =x ⇒ logxx=1 i.e. log x to the base x =1
Page 2 of 10
In general, the logarithm of any number to the same base is always 1.
i.e. log55 =1;log1010 =1;logaa=1 and so on
SOLVE THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ACCORDING TO THE EXAMPLES

GIVEN
Example 1:
Find i) the logarithm of 1000 to the base 10
ii)the logarithm of 1/9 to the base 3
Solution :i) Let log101000 =x
10x =1000
10x = 103
⇒x =3
ii) Let log31/9 =x
3x = 1/9
3x = 3-2
⇒ x = -2
Example 2:
Find x, i) log2x = -2
ii) log4(x+3) =2
iii) logx64= 3/2
Solution:i) log2x = -2
Page 3 of 10
2-2 = x
x=1/4
ii) ) log4(x+3) =2
42 = x+3
16 = x+3
x=13
iii) logx64 = 3/2
x3/2 =64
x3/2 =26
x = 26x2/3
x = 24
x= 16
Question 1: Express each of the following in logarithmic form:
i) 53 =125
ii) 3-2= 1/9
iii) 10-3 =0.001
iv) (81)3/4 = 27
Question 2: Express each of the following in exponential form:
i)log80.125 = -1
ii) log 100.01 =-2
Page 4 of 10
Question 3: Find log of :
i) 100 to the base 10
ii) 0.1 to the base 10
iii)32 to the base 4
iv)1/16 to the base 4
v)1/81 to the base 27
Question 4: Find x, if :
i) log 3x=0
ii) log9243=x
iii) log5(x-7) =1
iv) log7(2x2 -1)=2
Question 5: Evaluate:
i) log2(1 ÷ 8)
ii) log51
iii) log168
Example 3:
If logam =n, express an-1 in terms of a and m
Solution: logam=n
an =m
an-1 =an/a
=m/a
Page 5 of 10
Question 6:Given log2x=m and log5y=n
i)Express 2m-3 in terms of x
ii)Express 53n+2 in terms of y
Question 7: If log (x2 – 21 ) = 2, show that x=±11
LAWS OF LOGARITHM
1) PRODUCT LAW : The logarithm of a product at any non zero base is

equal to the sum of the logarithms of its factors at the same base
i.e. log a (mxn) = log am + logan
logx(m×n×p) = logxm + logxn + logxp and so on
Remember : loga(m+n) ≠logam + logan
2) QUOTIENT LAW: The logarithm of a fraction at any non zero base is

equal to the difference between the logarithm of the numerator minus
the logarithm of the denominator, both at the same base
i.e. logam/n = logam - logan
Remember: logam/logan ≠logam –logan. Also, loga(m-n)≠logam - logan
3) POWER LAW:
The logarithm of a power of a number at any non zero base is equal to
the logarithm of the number (at the same base) multiplied by the
power
i.e. loga(m)n = nlog am

𝑛
Corollary: since √𝑚 =m1/n
Page 6 of 10
𝑛
Therefore, loga √𝑚 =logam1/n=1/nlogam
NOTE:
1)logarithms to the base 10 are known as common logarithms.
2)If no base is given, the base is always taken as 10
i.e. log8= log108; loga =log10a; log10 = log1010 and so on
3) log101 =0 ; log1010=1;
log10100=2 [log10100=log10102=2log1010=2x1 =2]
Similarly,log101000 = 3; log1010000=4 and so on
EXPANSION OF EXPRESSIONS WITH THE HELP OF LAWS OF

LOGARITHM
𝑎4 ×𝑏2 𝑎4 ×𝑏2
Let y = ⇒log y = log
𝑐3 𝑐3
𝑚
i.e. log y = log (a4 x b2)-log c3 [log =log m – log n]
𝑛
=log a4 + log b2 – log c3
=4log a + 2log b – 3log c
log y= 4loga + 2log b – 3logc is the logarithmic expansion of

𝑎4 ×𝑏2
the given expression y=
𝑐3
similarly,
3𝑥
m= ⇒ log m = log 3x – log (5y×8z)
5𝑦 ×8𝑧
Page 7 of 10
=xlog3 – [log 5y + log 8z]
=xlog3 –ylog5 – zlog8
Conversely:
log V = log𝜋 +2log r +log h – log 3
=log𝜋 + log r2 + log h – log 3

𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
=log
3
𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
V=
3
Example 4:
5
Express log10 √108 in terms of log102 and log103
5 𝑛
Solution: log10 √108 = log10(108)1/5 [ √𝑚=m/n]
1
= log10108 [log10nm=mlog10n]
5
1
= log10(22x33) [108=2x2x3x3x3=22x33]
5
1
= [log1022+log1033] [log10mxn=log10m+log10n]
5
1
= [2log102 + 3log103]
5
Example 5:
1
Express as a single logarithm: 2+ log109 – 2log105
2
1
Solution: 2+ log109 – 2log105
2
=log10100 + log1091/2- log1052 [log10100=2;log9=log32 ;

Page 8 of 10
2log5=log52]
=log10100 + log103 –log1025

100×3
=log10
25
𝑎×𝑏
=log1012 [log a+logb –logc =log ]
𝑐
Example 6:
Find x,if (i)log 10(x+5) =1
ii)log10(x+1)+log10(x-1) = log1011 + 2log103
Solution:i) log 10(x+5) =1
log10(x+5) =log1010
⇒x+5 =10
x=5
ii) log10(x+1)+log10(x-1) = log1011 + 2log103
log10(x+1)(x-1) = log1011 +log1032
log(x2-1) = log (11 x 9)
⇒ (x2- 1)= 99
x2 =100
x=10
Question 8 :Express each of the following in a form free from logarithm:
i)2log x – log y = 1
Page 9 of 10
ii) 2log x + 3 logy = log a
iii)a logx –b log y =2log3
Question 9: Evaluate each of the following without using tables:
i)log 5+log 8 – 2log2
ii)log108 + log1025 +2log103 – log1018

1 1
iii)log 4 + log 125 - log 32
3 5
Question10 :Prove that:

15 25 4
2log - log + log =log 2.
18 162 9
THE END
Page 10 of 10

Maths-Class-9-WS-4 -- Ch - 8 _ Logarithms

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WORKSHEET: 07

CLASS: IX A, B, C, D,E & F

INSTRUCTIONS: Parents are expected to ensure that the student

2. Concise Mathematics I.C.S.E. CLASS- IX by R.K. BANSAL

3.Understanding I.C.S.E. Mathematics CLASS- IX by M.L. AGGARWAL

Logarithms are used to make the long and complicated calculations

Consider 34 =81, this is the exponential form of representing relation

log381=4 (read as: logarithm of 81 at base 3 is 4)

Thus, 34 =81⇔ log3 81=4

(logarithmic form vis-à-vis exponential form)

ab =c is called the exponential form

and, logac =b is called the logarithmic form

i.e., i) 2-3 = 0.125 [exponential form]

⇒log of 0.125 to the base 2 = -3

i.e., log20.125 = -3 [logarithmic form]

i.e., (64)1/2 =8 [exponential form] and so on.

iii) x0= 1 ⇒logx1 =0 i.e. log of 1 to the base x =0

In general; the logarithm of 1 to any base is zero.

i.e. log51=0; log101=0; log a 1 = 0 and so on.

iv) x1 =x ⇒ logxx=1 i.e. log x to the base x =1

i.e. log55 =1;log1010 =1;logaa=1 and so on

SOLVE THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ACCORDING TO THE EXAMPLES

Find i) the logarithm of 1000 to the base 10

ii)the logarithm of 1/9 to the base 3

Solution :i) Let log101000 =x

ii) Let log31/9 =x

iii) logx64= 3/2

iii) logx64 = 3/2

Question 1: Express each of the following in logarithmic form:

Question 2: Express each of the following in exponential form:

ii) log 100.01 =-2

i) 100 to the base 10

ii) 0.1 to the base 10

iii)32 to the base 4

iv)1/16 to the base 4

v)1/81 to the base 27

If logam =n, express an-1 in terms of a and m

i)Express 2m-3 in terms of x

ii)Express 53n+2 in terms of y

Question 7: If log (x2 – 21 ) = 2, show that x=±11

1) PRODUCT LAW : The logarithm of a product at any non zero base is

i.e. log a (mxn) = log am + logan

logx(m×n×p) = logxm + logxn + logxp and so on

Remember : loga(m+n) ≠logam + logan

2) QUOTIENT LAW: The logarithm of a fraction at any non zero base is

i.e. logam/n = logam - logan

Remember: logam/logan ≠logam –logan. Also, loga(m-n)≠logam - logan

The logarithm of a power of a number at any non zero base is equal to

i.e. loga(m)n = nlog am

1)logarithms to the base 10 are known as common logarithms.

2)If no base is given, the base is always taken as 10

i.e. log8= log108; loga =log10a; log10 = log1010 and so on

log10100=2 [log10100=log10102=2log1010=2x1 =2]

Similarly,log101000 = 3; log1010000=4 and so on

EXPANSION OF EXPRESSIONS WITH THE HELP OF LAWS OF

=log a4 + log b2 – log c3

=4log a + 2log b – 3log c

log y= 4loga + 2log b – 3logc is the logarithmic expansion of

=xlog3 –ylog5 – zlog8

log V = log𝜋 +2log r +log h – log 3