IMPRESSION 2016-2017

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IMPRESSIONS

Definition
The negative reproduction of the prepared
and/or unprepared tooth or teeth with the
surrounding structures by which positive
reproduction (casts or dies) can be obtained
REQUIREMENTS
•Accurate and record fine details.
•Dimensional stable, on setting or
storage.
•Elastic properties
•Adequate strength.
•Sufficient flow.
• Adhesive bond of the impression to the
tray should be higher than the
retentive force.
• Cohesive and not adhesive to the oral
tissue.
• Non toxic or irritant.
• Reasonable working and setting time.
• Easy to mix.
• Adequate shelf life.
•Readily disinfected without loss of accuracy.
•Compatible with die and stone materials.
•No release of gas during the setting of the
impression or cast and die materials.
CLASSIFICATION
Non elastic impression Elastic impression

• Plaster. • 1. Hydrocolloid:
▫ Reversible hydrocolloids
• Impression [Agar-Agar]
compound. ▫ Irreversible
• Zinc oxide eugenol. hydrocolloids [Alginate]
• 2. Elastomeric impression:
• Waxes
▫ Polysulphide
▫ Condensation silicone
▫ Addition silicone
▫ Polyether
Non-Elastic Impression

•Unable to sustain a substantial


amount of elastic deformation
without fracture.
•Not suitable for final impression but
they are used for other purposes.
Plaster
• It is highly accurate and dimensionally stable.
• It can be reassembled if fracture occurs. In
fixed prosthodontics.
• It’s used in soldering procedure.
. Impression Compound
• It’s a thermoplastic material which can be
softened by heating and harden by cooling to
mouth temperature.
• Used as 2ry impression for single tooth
impression
• it can be used without the need of gingival
retraction as the copper band causes tissue
displacement.
• It can be copper electroplated.
• It can cause irritation of the prepared teeth and
soft tissues if used very hot..
Zinc oxide eugenol impression
• Used as an intra-occlusal recording material
Waxes
• Blue inlay wax ---------wax pattern construction.

• Sticky wax --------------soldering.

• Molding wax -----------bite registration.

• Boxing wax ------------- impression boxing


ELASTIC IMPRESSION MATERIALS
Hydrocolloid
• They are suspension of solid particles of a small
size in water
Irreversible Hydrocolloid
Impressions [Alginate]
•It’s used for making primary impressions
for study model and opposing arches .
•. It’s used using perforated stock tray.
It can’t be used as secondary impression
because:
-It has a low tear strength so it can’t
reproduce areas in thin section.
-It has low flow, so it is incapable of
recording fine details.
-It has a low dimensional stability due to
imbibition and syneresis, so it must be
poured immediately or stored in 100%
humidity media for short time.
Reversible hydrocolloid
impression (Agar-Agar)
•The reversible hydrocolloid impression
when heated, it liquefies or go into the sol
state and on cooling it returns to gel state.
•Agar-Agar can be used as final impression
for fixed prosthesis.
•it’s also used as a duplicating material.
A, Hydrocolloid conditioner. B, Water-cooled Impression with agar hydrocolloid
tray with hoses, impression materials, and in water-cooled tray
wetting agent
ELASTIC IMPRESSION (RUBBER
IMPRESSION)
• 1. Polysuphide.
• 3 viscosities: low (syringe or wash), medium
(special tray) and high (special tray)
• 2. Condensation silicone.
• 3. Addition silicone.
• 4 viscosities :low (syringe or wash), medium
(special tray) high (special tray) , Very high
viscosity (Putty body) (stock tray)
• 4. Polyether
• 3 viscosities: low (syringe or wash), medium
(special tray) and high (special tray)
Advantages of Rubber Impression Materials
•High dimensional stability.
•High tear strength.
•The ability to record fine details.
•Can be poured more than one time.
•Can be supplied in different viscosities.
Polysulphide
•Polysulphides has high tear strength and
enhanced elastic properties ----- pinholes
•it can be silver electro-plated.
•The disadvantages of polysulphide
▫very long setting time
▫unpleasant sulphide odor
▫dimensional changes due to the loss of
water as a by-product.
Condensation silicone
•has good tear strength
•more flexible than addition silicone
•a reasonable setting time.
•can be copper electroplated.
• The disadvantages of condensation
silicone is its dimensional changes due to
loss of ethyl alcohol as a by product.
Addition Silicone
• very accurate
• reasonable value of tear strength
• excellent dimensional stability because of
absence of by-product.
• reasonable setting time.
• can be copper electroplated.
• The disadvantages of addition silicone are
▫ its setting inhibition by contact with rubber
during hand mixing.
▫ It’s hydrophobic but the recent generations
are hydrophilic.
Polyether
• reasonable tear strength,
• a short working time
• excellent dimensional stability due to the
absence of reaction’s by-product.
• The disadvantages of polyether are
▫ its high stiffness which cause its difficulty
during the removal of impression specially
from undercut areas.
▫ Water is adsorbed on storage so the dryness of
the impression is a must.
•Stock tray. Trays
•Custom special tray.
•H2O circulating tray.
•Triple tray.
Stock tray

• Material: Metal or
plastic usually
perforated.
• Techniques: sectional
or overall impression.
• Advantages: Time
conservation.
Custom special tray
• Material: resin.
• The material used must be
dimensionally .
• Techniques: Overall impression
• Advantages: The thickness of the
elastomer impression (2-4 mm)
allowed for improving its accuracy
due to of polymerization
shrinkage.
• The fitting surface must be coated
with adhesive and left to dry for a
period of 7-10 minutes before
loading the elastomer impression
material into it..
H2O circulating tray
• It’s used only with the reversible hydrocolloid
impressions.
Triple tray

• Used with the double


arch technique which
allow for master
impression, counter
impression and bite
registration
THANK YOU
IMPRESSIONS TECHNIQUES
• 1. Single copper band impression.
• 2. Sectional impression.
• 3. Overall impression.
• 4. Double arch impression techniques.
Single copper band impression
• It is indicated in case of single impression for full
metal crown impression.
• It can be used with :
• 1-rubber impression
• 2- impression compound.
• The copper band is supplied in different sizes so
it can be used for anterior or posterior teeth.
Sectional Impression
• It’s indicated to record 3-4 teeth or half of the
arch.
• It’s done by using sectional perforated tray.
• This technique is applied to:
• 1-All types of rubber base impression except
polyether which needs a special tray.
• 2-Alginate.
• 3-Agar-Agar.
Overall Impression
• to record full arch (the prepared teeth, the
adjacent teeth and the surrounding structure).
• done by using stock trays or special trays.
• It’s done using:
▫ a. Rubber impression material.
▫ b. Alginate.
▫ c. Agar Agar.
EACH TECHNIQUE STUDENTS MUST KNOW ONLY
:

- TYPE OF VISCOSITY
- TYPE OF TRAY
- SEQUENCE OF LOADING
The single mix impression
• high or medium technique
viscosities
• a custom-made tray
The double-mix impression
technique
The sandwich technique

• (very high and low or very high and medium )


• Stock tray
• Both viscosities are mixed at the same time. A part of
the low or medium viscosity material is injected
around the preparations and in the interdistance
between them. At the same time, the putty material
is loaded in the tray and shaped to conform the ridge
area, then the rest of the low or medium viscosity is
spread onto the putty material.
The Putty/Wash impression
technique (Two-step technique)
• very high and low.
• Stock tray
• Before preparation:The putty material is used
first to make a preliminary impression.
• After preparation: the low viscosity is then
mixed, and a part is injected around the
preparations and in the interdistance between
them. The rest is injected onto the preliminary
impression which is then seated in the patient
mouth.
. The Double Arch Impression
Technique
•Addition silicone or polyether but the
setting time will be longer than that of
the setting time of bite registration
material.
•The double arch impression technique
allow for master impression, counter
impression and bite registration.
AUTOMIXING SYSTEM
• Addition silicones of low to very high
viscosities and f low viscosity
polyethers.
• The base and catalyst are in separate
cylinders on the cartridge.
• The cartridge is placed in a mixing
gun. The base and catalyst pastes are
folded over each other many times as
they are extruded from the gun,
resulting in uniform mixes at the tip
end.
• The mixed material can be extruded
directly into an injection syringe or
into the impression tray. Intraoral
delivery tips are also available.
• The automixing systems results in
mixes with many fewer voids than
hand mixes.
DISINFECTING OF THE IMPRESSION
• To prevent the transmission of microorganisms and
MATERIALS
infections via impressions

• Disinfecting methods must not alter dimensional


accuracy or the detailed reproduction of the dental
impressions.
• The disinfectants agents may be a spray or a
solution in which the impression is immersed for a
definite duration according to its type.

• Polyether should be sprayed rather than immersed


due to the water absorption.
POURING OF THE IMPRESSION
• Hydrocolloid impression must be poured
immediately or stored in 100% humidity media
for a short time.
• Rubber impressions should be left 20 minutes
after removal to allow elastic recovery.
▫ Polysuphide and condensation silicone must be
poured within 1 hour.
▫ addition silicone and polyether can be poured
after long time (24 hours).
▫ In case of silicone addition, the immediate pouring
may lead to air bubbles in the stone cast which is
due to the release of hydrogen so it’s better to
delay its pouring for about hour. Recently there
are silicone addition which contains hydrogen
THANK YOU

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