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    Formula (11)

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    timmythedog94

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    Formula (11)

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    timmythedog94
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    4 views4 pages

    Formula (11)

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    timmythedog94

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    You are on page 1of 4

    Secant Tangent lines

    me
    November 2024

    1 1.Secant line formula.


    A secant line is a line on any graph that touches the graph at two coordinates.
    First, we have the equation for the slope of a secant line.

    f (x2 ) − f (x1 )
    m= (1)
    x2 − x1
    This is based on the formula for slope.
    y2 − y1
    m= (2)
    x2 − x1
    The secant version shows the numerator part as:

    f (x2 ) − f (x1 ) (3)

    To be as
    y2 − y1 (4)
    This is because a function itself is equal to the y coordinate.
    Now, the formula in (1) is for the slope of the secant line; the equation
    would be of the form.

    y = mx + c (5)
    So, the slope has already been defined in (1), now what about the x. The x
    is defined as a point desired for a specific y coordinate, so, this would be written
    as:

    y = m(x − x1 ) + c (6)
    Here, you subtract to find the distance between the desired point and the ’fixed’
    left most coordinate.
    Now for the y intercept.

    f (x1 ) = m(x1 − x1 ) + c (7)

    1
    We use that specific coordinate to find c, because we know when x = 0, c is
    found, and to make x = 0, we subtract it by itself as shown above, by inputting
    a value of x equal to it, which in this case is always .

    f (x1 ) (8)

    Now, the slope has been defined as:

    f (x) = m(x1 − x) + f (x1 ) (9)


    And we earlier defined the slope, see fig (1)
    So.

    f (x2 ) − f (x1 )
    f (x) = (x − x1 ) + f (x1 ) (10)
    x1 − x2
    Remember this entire formula consists of a secant line, which is a line that
    touches two points on any graph.

    1.1 1.1 Secant line limit version.


    The secant line slope formula described in Section 1 is the non-limit version,
    the limit version is.

    f (x + h − f (x))
    m= (11)
    h
    Here, h is the horizontal distance between the two points on the secant line.
    You add h to the input of the right most coordinate logically because if h is
    the distance between the two, it makes sense to add.
    Also, we divide by h since h is the distance between the two, which is basically
    :

    x1 − x2 (12)

    1.2 2. Tangent lines


    A tangent line is not just a line that touches the graph at a single point, it is
    also the limit as h in the equation above, approaches zero, why limit?
    Well firstly, if we bring the to points closer, were bringing the secant line to the
    edge, then visually it’s touching at one point, yet, why not set the h to zero?

    f (x + 0) − f (x)
    (13)
    0
    i.e

    f (x) − f (x)
    (14)
    0
    i.e

    2
    Figure 1: Graph Fig 1

    0
    (15)
    0
    Which is undefined, so, how do we bring h as close to 0 as possible? We use
    limits.
    Which can be written as.

    f (x + h) − f (x)
    lim (16)
    h→0 h

    2 3. Secant gap formula.


    2.1 This section has integrals included.
    We know that the non limit equation for a secant line is. See fig 10 This will
    be used to find the area between the secant line and graph (Secant gap formula)
    f (x2 ) − f (x1 )
    m= (x1 − x) + f (x1 ) (17)
    x2 − x1
    In Graph fig 1 how would you find the area between the red graph and it’s
    black secant line?
    As above, the equation of the secant line is shown, the equation of the graph
    is

    x − 2x + 1 (18)
    Yet for the simplicity of this, we won’t take it to scale and instead assume it is
    x².
    And so, If we subtract the graph function and the secant line, we get the
    vertical distance between the secant line and the graph at any input of f(x).

    3
    Which looks like:

    f (x2 ) − f (x1 )
    f (x) − [ (x − x1 ) + f (x1 )] (19)
    x2 − x1
    here f(x) is the equation of the graph, such as x², the term in [] is the full
    equation of the secant line, if you input a coordinate into x. You can find the
    vertical height between any secant line with an established coord (2 points where
    secant line touches the graph)
    Now if we want the area between the secant line and the graph we must
    integrate the above formula with respect to x.
    b
    f (x2 ) − f (x1 )
    Z
    f (x) − [ (x1 − x) + f (x1 )] dx (20)
    a x2 − x1
    where,

    a = x1 (21)
    and
    b = x2 (22)

    End of document, 11/30/2024,

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