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    What_are_enzymes

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    pk xd aleena khan

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    What_are_enzymes

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    What_are_enzymes

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    pk xd aleena khan

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    What Are Biochemical Reactions?

    Chemical reactions that take place inside living things are called biochemical
    reactions. The sum of all the biochemical reactions in an organism is referred to
    as metabolism

    .
    Metabolism includes both exothermic (heat-releasing) chemical reactions and
    endothermic (heat-absorbing) chemical reactions.

    Catabolic Reactions

    Exergonic reactions in organisms are called catabolic reactions. These reactions


    break down molecules into smaller units and release energy. An example of
    a catabolic reaction is the breakdown of glucose during cellular respiration, which
    releases energy that cells need to carry out life processes.

    Anabolic Reactions

    Endergonic reactions in organisms are called anabolic reactions. These reactions


    absorb energy and build bigger molecules from smaller ones. An example of
    an anabolic reaction is the joining of amino acids to form a protein

    (Endergonic reactions require energy input to take simple, low energy reactants and build
    complex, high energy products. Exergonic reactions release the energy bound up in the reactants
    and yield simpler, low energy products.)

    What are enzymes?

    Enzymes are proteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in
    our bodies. They build some substances and break others down. All living things
    have enzymes.

    Our bodies naturally produce enzymes. But enzymes are also in manufactured
    products and food.

    What do enzymes do?


    One of the most important roles of enzymes is to aid in digestion. Digestion is the
    process of turning the food we eat into energy. For example, there are enzymes in
    our saliva, pancreas, intestines and stomach. They break down fats, proteins and
    carbohydrates. Enzymes use these nutrients for growth and cell repair.

    Enzymes also help with:

     Breathing.
     Building muscle.
     Nerve function.
     Ridding our bodies of toxins.

    What are the different types of enzymes?

    There are thousands of individual enzymes in the body. Each type of enzyme only
    has one job. For example, the enzyme sucrase breaks down a sugar called sucrose.
    Lactase breaks down lactose, a kind of sugar found in milk products.

    Some of the most common digestive enzymes are:

     Carbohydrase breaks down carbohydrates into sugars.


     Lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids.
     Protease breaks down protein into amino acids.

    PARTS OF ENZYMES

    What are the parts of an enzyme?

    Each enzyme has an “active site.” This area has a unique shape. The substance an
    enzyme works on is a substrate. The substrate also has a unique shape. The enzyme
    and the substrate must fit together to work.

    How do temperature and pH affect enzymes?

    Enzymes need the right conditions to work. If conditions aren’t right, enzymes can
    change shape. Then, they no longer fit with substrates, so they don’t work
    correctly.

    Each enzyme has an ideal temperature and pH:


     pH: Enzymes are sensitive to acidity and alkalinity. They don’t work
    properly if an environment is too acidic or basic. For example, an enzyme in
    the stomach called pepsin breaks down proteins. If your stomach doesn’t
    have enough acid, pepsin can’t function optimally.
     Temperature: Enzymes work best when your body temperature is normal,
    about 98.6°F (37°C). As temperature increases, enzyme reactions increase.
    But if the temperature gets too high, the enzyme stops working. That’s why
    a high fever can disrupt bodily functions.

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