CFQ3 4 Chapter 4 Student Book Answers

Student book answers
4.1 Strength of acids and bases

Pages 98–102
Check your learning 4.1

Describe and explain
1 Describe what a dissociation constant is.
A dissociation constant is the equilibrium constant for the dissociation of an acid or base in aqueous solution.
2 Construct the general chemical equation of an ionisation process at equilibrium for an acid and explain the
process.
where HA represents an acid that dissociates into the conjugate base A – and a hydronium ion (H3O+).
The chemical species are in equilibrium because the reaction proceeds in the forward and backward directions at
the same rate and the concentrations do not change over time.
Apply, analyse and interpret
3 Determine the expression for Ka for the following reactions.
4 Determine the expression for Kb for the following reactions.
© Oxford University Press 2019 1

Chemistry for Queensland Units 3 & 4 Teacher obook assess ISBN 9780190313487
Permission has been granted for this page to be photocopied within the purchasing institution only.
b

4.2 Calculating dissociation constants and concentrations
Pages 103–105

1 Explain the steps involved in determining the acid dissociation constant Ka from pH.
Given a pH of a solution, we can calculate [H+] using the equation . For a monoprotic acid HA, [H+] =
[A–], so the values can be substituted into:
2 Describe how to calculate pOH, given pH.
3 Deduce the equation for the reaction of the weak base aniline (C6H5NH2) with water.
4 A 0.1 M solution of an acid has pH 4.0. Determine its Ka value.

5 A 0.01 M solution of a base has pH 8.0. Determine its Kb value.
Investigate, evaluate and communicate
6 Calculate the pH of 0.1 mol L–1 sodium hydroxide . Start by writing the equilibrium
equation. Discuss your results.
NaOH is a strong base and is fully ionised (it is not an equilibrium reaction) so you don’t need to calculate the pH
using Kb.

As NaOH is a strong base, the pH is very high at 13 and the solution will be caustic.

4.3 Acid–base indicators
Pages 106–109

1 Explain the relationship between pH and pKa.
pH is a measure of the concentration of H+ ions in a solution and pKa is a a measure of acid strength. When the
concentrations of an acid and its conjugate base in a solution are the same, pH = pKa.
2 Explain how to choose an appropriate pH indicator for a titration.
For a titration to be accurate, it is important to use an indicator that will change colour close to the equivalence point
of the reaction. This means choosing an indicator with a pKa close to the value of the pH at the equivalence point for
that reaction.
3 Explain what the end point represents in a titration.
The end point is the point in a titration when the indicator changes colour.
4 Explain what the equivalence point represents in a titration.
The equivalence point is the point in a titration when the reactants have reacted in the exact molar ratio of the
balanced chemical equation.
5 Determine the types of titration (e.g. strong acid–strong base) for which the following indicators are suitable.
a Crystal violet, pH range 0.8–2.6, colour change from yellow to blue-violet
Weak base with very strong acid
b Thymolphthalein, pH range 9.4–10.6, colour change from red to yellow
Weak acid with a strong base
c Alizarin yellow, pH range 10.1–12.0, colour change from yellow to red
Weak acid with a strong base.

Chapter 4 Review
Pages 110–111
Revision questions
The relative difficulty of these questions is indicated by the number of stars beside each question number: * = low;
** = medium; *** = high.
Multiple choice
1 Ka stands for:
A correlation constant for acids
B acid dissociation constant
C potassium acid
D none of the above.
2 The relationship between Ka, Kb and Kw is:
3 The relationship between pKb and Kb is:
4 When a strong base is mixed with a strong acid, the equivalence point is:
A at pH 7

B below pH 7
C above pH 7
D the same as the end point.
Short answer
**5 Explain how to find an appropriate acid–base indicator for a titration of a:
a strong acid with a strong base
A strong acid and strong base titration has its equivalence point at pH 7, so universal indicator and bromothymol blue
(among many others) would change colour within this range.
b weak acid with a strong base
For a weak acid and strong base titration, the equivalence point is above pH 7, so the indicator should change colour
around pH 8–11. Phenolphthalein is a commonly used suitable indicator for these reactions.
c weak base with a strong acid.
For a weak base and strong acid titration, the equivalence point is below 7, so the indicator should change colour
around pH 6–3. With a pH range of 3.1–4.4, methyl orange would be suitable.
**6 A 0.2 M solution of an acid has a pH of 3.0. Determine its Ka value.
**7 A 0.1 M solution of a base has a pH of 14.0. Determine its Kb value.

Given the pH of 14, this is a strong base and its Kb would not be calculated in this way.
Investigate, evaluate and communicate
**8 Investigate Figure 1 and justify what type of titration it represents.
This titration curve represents a strong base being titrated with a strong base. You can see this because the pH starts
out high, indicting a strong base, then drops sharply to a very low pH, indicating a strong acid. This can also be seen
as the equivalence point is pH 7.
FIGURE 1 Titration curve.
***9Table 1 lists the colours of three unknown solutions (A, B and C) with various indicators. Predict the pH of each
solution. If a result is not conclusive, describe another test that could be performed to determine the result.
TABLE 1 THE RESULTS TABLE OF THE THREE UNKNOWN SOLUTIONS

Indicator A B C
Methyl orange Yellow Yellow
Bromothymol Green
blue
Phenolphthalein Colourless Colourless
Litmus Blue
Solution A will have a pH between 5 and 8. The methyl orange turning yellow suggests solution A has a pH >4.4 and
the phenolphthalein being colourless suggests pH <8. Bromothymol blue could be used to get more accurate result
(pH range 6.0–7.6), or a pH meter could be used.
Solution B will have a pH between 6 and 7.6 as it produces a green colour with bromothymol blue. A pH <6.4
would give a clearly yellow solution and >7.6 would give blue. The phenolphthalein being colourless confirms the pH
is <8.3.

Solution C: blue litmus indicates the solution is basic. The yellow colour of methyl orange only indicates the pH
is greater than 4.4. Testing solution C with a range of other indicators such as bromothymol blue, phenol red and
phenolphthalein would give a more precise result. You could also use a pH meter for more accurate pH results.


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Student book answers

4.1 Strength of acids and bases

Check your learning 4.1

1 Describe what a dissociation constant is.

Apply, analyse and interpret

3 Determine the expression for Ka for the following reactions.

4 Determine the expression for Kb for the following reactions.

© Oxford University Press 2019 1

© Oxford University Press 2019 2

Check your learning 4.2

2 Describe how to calculate pOH, given pH.

Apply, analyse and interpret

4 A 0.1 M solution of an acid has pH 4.0. Determine its Ka value.

© Oxford University Press 2019 3

Investigate, evaluate and communicate

© Oxford University Press 2019 4

© Oxford University Press 2019 5

Check your learning 4.3

1 Explain the relationship between pH and pKa.

2 Explain how to choose an appropriate pH indicator for a titration.

3 Explain what the end point represents in a titration.

4 Explain what the equivalence point represents in a titration.

Apply, analyse and interpret

a Crystal violet, pH range 0.8–2.6, colour change from yellow to blue-violet

Weak base with very strong acid

b Thymolphthalein, pH range 9.4–10.6, colour change from red to yellow

Weak acid with a strong base

c Alizarin yellow, pH range 10.1–12.0, colour change from yellow to red

Weak acid with a strong base.

© Oxford University Press 2019 6

A correlation constant for acids

B acid dissociation constant

D none of the above.

2 The relationship between Ka, Kb and Kw is:

3 The relationship between pKb and Kb is:

© Oxford University Press 2019 7

D the same as the end point.

Describe and explain

**5 Explain how to find an appropriate acid–base indicator for a titration of a:

a strong acid with a strong base

b weak acid with a strong base

c weak base with a strong acid.

Apply, analyse and interpret

**6 A 0.2 M solution of an acid has a pH of 3.0. Determine its Ka value.

**7 A 0.1 M solution of a base has a pH of 14.0. Determine its Kb value.

© Oxford University Press 2019 8

Investigate, evaluate and communicate

**8 Investigate Figure 1 and justify what type of titration it represents.

FIGURE 1 Titration curve.

TABLE 1 THE RESULTS TABLE OF THE THREE UNKNOWN SOLUTIONS

© Oxford University Press 2019 9

© Oxford University Press 2019 10

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